Captain's daughter oral folk creativity. Folklore-fabulous motifs in the story "Captain's daughter" A.S. Pushkin

Mulzova Irina Vladimirovna, Candidate of Philology, Associate Professor of the Department of Literature and the Methodology of Her teaching Smolensk State University (Smolensk) [Email Protected]

The structure of the magic fairy tale in Roman A.S. Pushkin "Captain's Daughter"

Annotation. The article discusses Roman A.S. Pushkin "Captain's daughter" in terms of the correspondence of its plot structure of the magic fairy tale, allocated by V.Ya. Proppage. In the text of the novel, not only there are the main functions of the fabulous plot, but their traditional sequence is largely preserved, and the patterns of the characters relate to the folk model. This allows us to talk about the deep coupling of the "Captain's Daughter" with folk traditions, based on the data provided by the analysis of the text structure. Wound words: A.S. Pushkin; "Captain's daughter"; V.Ya. Propppet; fairy tale; plot; Functions.

In Kniev. Propap "Morphology of a fairy tale", first published in 1928, a original classification of magical fairy tales was proposed, based on their structure and morphological signs. V.Ya. Proppet found that when comparing fairy tales, constant and variable values \u200b\u200bcan be distinguished. So, in one fairy tale, the king gives a remolition of an eagle, which takes it into another kingdom. In another fairy tale, Tsarevna gives Ivan the ring, and the young people from the rings carry him into a different kingdom. The names of the acting persons are changing, their attributes; Their actions remain unchanged, or functions. "Under the function it is understood as an active person, determined from the point of view of its significance for the occurrence". The functions known to the magic fairy tale are limited. V.Ya. Proppet allocates 31 function (although not all fairy tales give all functions). It also matters their sequence: it is always the same. The essence of the function is determined by the meaning it has during the action. So, if the serpent kidnapped Tsarevna, the hero went in search, defeated the snake and freed the Tsarevna, before us the struggle of the hero with the antagonist consumerism. If Tsarevna demands that the hero wants to get her hand to defeat the snake, a difficult task is before us (snake is not a pest and can be replaced by another creature without prejudice to the fabul). The same actions have different meanings depending on their place in the sequence of events. Proppet created a kind of universal phaance model, which, although in a modified form, is found not only in folklore, but also in literary works that discover genetic relationship with folklore. Many scientists spoke about the folknic basis of the works of Pushkin. According to M.K. Azadovsky, Pushkin's perception of folklore passed the consistent path of the development of "Ruslan and Lyudmila" through "Songs about Razin" and "Songs of Western Slavs" to "fairy tales" and "Captain daughter". The novel about the Pugachev uprising is "the completion of the path of holistic disclosure through the folklore of the image of the Russian people and its creative power". The study is devoted to the analysis of folk genres included in the text of the "Captain Daughter". So, G.F. Good, in Schmid, G.E. Danilova consider the functions of the proverb in the "Captain Daughter"; S.V. Alpatov notes the proximity of the narrative to historical songs; D.N. Medrysh explores the role of folklopened subtext in understanding the most important end-to-end image of the novel of the Holy Tulup; N.N. Mikhailova shows the connection of the "Captain's Daughter" by the international oratory, which was especially brightly embodied in the Decals of Pugacheva and in the Beloborodov dialogue and clapboard in the court stage over Grneeve in the Berdy Sloboda. Researchers consider the structural proximity of the "Captain's daughter" and a folk magical fairy tale. One of the first, this similarity noted Shklovsky, who compares the relationship between Green & Pugacheva with the relationship of the hero of the folk fairy tale and the visiting beast, and also reveals other parallels with the plot of the magic fairy tale (see). The fabulous basis of the nature of Pugacheva considers S. Sapozhkov. Sim Jzh Yen believes that the magic fairy tale has influenced not only on the ground and the structure of the character images, but also on the ideological content of the "Captain's Daughter": the fabulous logic of the wonderful in combination with the installation on the documentary of the memoirs makes it possible to absorb the utopian ideal, elevating humanity in the principles of state policy , on a real historic background. These researchers are limited to analyzing individual episodes. The most detailed is the comparison of the plots of the Pushkin novel and the folk fairy tale, carried out by S.Z. Agranovich and L.P. Rosurakaya. Two fabulous plots are in the "Captain daughter" in the "Captain daughter". First plot: The hero leaves the house in search of magic items or the bride; On the verge of his and someone else's worlds, the donor or a magical assistant meets; there is a series of tests; Wins antagonist. The tale ends with marriage. This plot is connected by the tornings of Greenwood's life from departure from the parent house to arrest. The second story: the wise wife comes to the sovereign and cuts her husband in jail. This plot relates to the trip of Masha in the royal village. However, there is no sequence of the structural elements of the magic fairy tale in the text of the novel; In the field of view of the research, only fragments of the novel fall.

The purpose of our study to fulfill the detailed comparable analysis of the fabul of the magic fairy tale and the text of the "Captain Daughter" to the degree of their structural proximity, having highlight the main functions and finding out how they are distributed on the acting persons. The center of the plot of the magic fairy tale is the departure of the hero from the house in search and his successful return. In the "Captain Daughter", such actions are found three times: Grinegne departs from the house for military service, Grinte's Governs Belogorsk Fortress Release Masha from the hands of Schwabrina, Masha goes to the capital to clutch for Greenland. Each of these cases ends with the elimination of the initial situation of the lack of Chegolbo, shortage. Based on this, the text of the story can be divided into three segments, which, in accordance with the terminology of V.Ya. Prippa, let's call, and find out how much the magic fairy tale is structurally matched. The first chapter 19, describing the events that occurred between the first acquaintance of the reader with grine and departure of the hero from the Belogorsk Fortress, captured by the Pugachev. Which begins a fairy tale, the initial situation: the future hero is introduced by bringing his behalf or mentioning its position either the detailed description of the members of his family, the previous life. The initial situation is depicted underlined safely to make a brighter contrast with subsequent events. "Captain's daughter" opens with a description of Greennev's life in the parent house. The Father Greeneva, the retired Primemor, living in the village, his wife Avdota Vasilyevna is mentioned. The birth of a son, with a maternal robbery intended for military service, his upbringing in a serene atmosphere of the Grinemen's estate is described: he "lived a bare-poison, chasing the pigeons and playing a leaf with courtyard boys." The painting of an underlined family well-being is preceded directly to the strings: "One day, the Mother cooked in the living room honey jam, and I, licking, looked at kipheny foam. The father at the window read the court calendar, every year they received ". For a fabulous string, a function, named V.Ya. The proppat of a shortage: one of the family members is not much lacking, he wants to have something. The shortage may be caused by the actions of the antagonist (Guses kidnap the boy) either introduced initially (Tsarevich does not have a wife). In the story of Pushkin, the shortage arises as follows: the Grinevo performs sixteen years old, and it comes to send it to the service. The fairy tale uses a variety of motivatives to inform the hero about the shortage. Here in this role is the reading of the court calendar: Andrei Petrovich Grinove sees the names of his colleagues, thinks about military service and remembers that his son has time to go to the regiment. The mediation ofherry is reported about the misfortune or shortage: "Let him serve in the army, it will pull the strap, yes, I'll feel gunpowder, and there will be a soldier, and not Shamaton." The following function starting opposition: the hero reacts to the situation that has arisen In search (hero), or with the victim of circumstances (the hero of the victim, who is expelled from the house, deception is taken into the forest, etc.). Grinene combines these two types: On the one hand, the father resolutely refers it from the house, on the other he himself goes with the hunt towards the pleasure of pleasure service. For this, it goes directly to send: Petrusha Grinevo performs the will of his father and leaves for the Belogorsk Fortress. leaving parents bless Grneev: "Serve, right to whom you swear; Listen to chiefs; for their caress do not chase; do not ask for service; from service do not discharge; And remember the proverb: Take care of the dream dress, and the honor of the Smalod. " In the magic fairy tale, the feasibility of parents and his subsequent are broken by one of the techniques of the action of action, opening the path of antagonist's hydration path. In the "Captain Daughter", Grinev also violates his father's order, at least in due to behavior: Arriving in Simbirsk, he plays a hundred rubles to Zurina, it goes to kut with him, drunk for the first time in life. The consequence of this would have to cause harm, and indeed, the Grineal loses a significant amount of money. However, afterwards, the acquaintance with Zurin will serve the Goverry of Good service: when Grinev and Masha, who left the Belogorsk Fortress, fall to government troops, only a meeting with Zurin frees them from the fate of the prisoners, and subsequently ensures Ginnev with respectful appeal at arrest. Violation of parental punishment turns around as a result of positive consequences, which is uncharacteristic for a magical fairy tale. In addition, this function does not determine the stronger, as it should be. After sending the hero from the house in the fairy tale, a new person appears, called the donor. Usually it accidentally meets the hero on the road. From him hero gets a magic agent, which will later help eliminate trouble. But this is preceded by a test of the hero, which he withstands or does not withstand, depending on this getting or not receiving a gift. This circle of events includes the following functions: the first function of the donor, the reaction of the hero, receiving the magic agent. According to the road to Orenburg, the Grinevo enters Burand. In the steppe, he accidentally meets Pugacheva, who takes it to a standing yard. Ghinove wants to reward his Savior, sees that he frowns without warm clothes, and he fards him his boning Toulup. A contented man promises: "The eyelid will not forget your mercies." We have a random meeting in front of us; one of the forms of testing helpless condition without a request for help; the correct reaction of the hero provided service; the promise of a guy aged assistance, although this in an indirect form, the newly translated is more than once performed. Thus, Pugachev enters into text as a donor, but instead of the magic agent promises Grinevo its services, connecting the functions of the donor and assistant. The excellence of the magic agent or the magical helper should be a spatial permissance of the hero when he is delivered to the search location. Pugachev performs this feature, withdrawing the misfortune Greennev to the accommodation. But he makes this action before the hero test and his reaction, and IMM is not the ultimate goal of Greenyev's search. The assistant performs its function, but its place in the sequence of events and the value for the fabul is different from the characteristics of the corresponding function of the magic fairy tale. In a fairy tale, after these actions, the hero is fighting with the antagonist, the victory of the hero, the elimination of the initial misfortune, etc. However, in Pushkin's novel, Grinevo arrives in the Belogorsk Fortress. Here is another version of the belt associated with the advent of the antagonist. After the first days of life in the fortress, the Grineal is in a situation like the initial: "... My life in the Belogorsk fortress was not only a demolishness, but even pleasant. In the House of Commandant I was adopted as my dear ... I was produced in officers. The service did not unhappy me ... Calm reigns around our fortress. " Here we see the same underlined well-being, peace and serenity. In the version of the strings associated with the actions of the antagonist, the hero should be banned by the hero of any action, a violation of the prohibition, the removal of the antagonist of some information, the issuance of information, trick and inacked, resulting in the situation of shortage. In the "Captain Daughter", these functions found a kind of incarnation in Greennev's relations with a pinch. Theantagonist appears in a fairy tale twice. For the first time, it is part of the side or is included in the initial situation, for the second time he finds himself a hero in order to eliminate damage caused to them. Schvabrin first appears before us when, as older than the Belogorsk fortress, it comes to get acquainted with Grinevo, that is, it is included in the initial situation. The reception function and issuing a clean form are missing in the text. Grine song. Grinevo addresses her neozemash. This causes Schvabrin the question of his feelings for the daughter of the commandant Mironov. Grineh does not give a direct response, but everything is so clear enough. The antagonist receives information and does not require confirmation to his guessings. Dealer follows the trick: the antagonist is trying to deceive the victim to take possession of property. Schvabrin, seeking to neutralize the opponent, slander on Masha, representing her frivolous woman. In the fairy tale, the victim of the pest is deceiving, thereby unwittingly contributing to the enemy. Grnenev's words of Schwabrin does not believe and calls him a liar. Thus, the function of amendment appeals to his opposite. The next Duel Greeneva and Swabrina for this is seductive interpreted as a struggle and antagonist. But this prevents the principle of determining the function according to its consequences (see), at which V.Ya. Proppet proposes to navigate in difficult cases when assimilating functions execution methods. For the struggle of the hero and the antagonist follows the victory of the hero and the elimination of the initial misfortune or shortage. However, as a result, the hero's duelie is wounded, and the Donos of Schwabrin, who reported to Father Greeneva, on the contrary, forms a new situation of shortage, losing Greennev opportunities to marry Masha. From the point of view of the structure of the magic fairy tale, the duel should be considered in the circle of functions related not to the climax, but to the string of a fabulous plot. In the magic fairy tale, the appearance of the antagonist is preceded by a parent of parents from the house, given by the order and its violation. As such, we can consider a ban on duels in both the "military articles" and in the Nescript Code of Honor Greensaver. The son violates this unit by entering into a duel. The sequence of functions compared to the magic fairy tale is changed, but the analysis of their consequences gives us the opportunity to determine the duel as a catch, and the message about the duel of parents as a prance. Next Pushkin tells about the capture of the Belogorsk fortress Pugachev. These events are of particular importance for Greenland. During the first move, the situation is short enough for the third time. For the first time, the shortage was eliminated by the arrival of Greeneva to the Belogorsk fortress, where he seemed to find everything he was looking for. The shortage associated with the actions of Schwabrin is temporarily moving into the background. The line continues, begun the meeting of Grneev with Pugachev, the development of the relationship of the hero and assistant. Pugachev seizes the fortress, and Grinevo is prisoner of rebellious Cossacks. Such is the initial trouble. In this situation, Grinevo meets with his assistant who promised him eternal gratitude for a hare Toulip. However, the entire circle of functions associated with the donor repeats the second time. Pugachev again accidentally appears on the life of Greeneva: Savelich learns the troops of recent warfare in the leader. Pugachev leaves Grinevo life, and it is a collapse for the help of Greeneva. But later, the donator again exposes the hero to the test, questioning him and offering to go to his service. Grinegne again with honor withstands the test, giving truthful and sincere answers to questions. In the award, Pugachev lets the officer to freedom and falsify him the horse, Tulup and even a half-money. We have a meeting with the donor, the test of the hero, the reaction of the hero and the provision of assistance. We see that the first course of the "Captain Daughter" contains a number of functions characteristic of the structure of the magic fairy tale, but their sequence in some cases is changed in accordance with the copyright. In essence, the first move is an extensive string, which presents both options for fabulous principles. The first option is correlated with the initial shortage and advent of the donor and determines the further development of the relations of Greeneva and Pugacheva, and the second is associated with the actions of the antagonist and precedes the events of the second prog. The event is driven by the events associated with the Grynev trip to Pugachevsky Stan and the release of Masha from the hands of Schvabrina (chapters 10 12). The shortage of shortages is presented: Grinove lives in Orenburg, and his beloved remained in the fasteners captured by the rebels, in the complete power of the worst enemy Greeneva. Svabrin holds Masha in captivity and forces her for marriage with him. Thus, it performs the feature of the antagonist, who kidnapped the princess, insepassing. History of Grinevo during the colleague is encountered a TroynikiShelogorsk fortress. It performs the function of mediation notifice the hero about the trouble, having transferred him a letter from the Masha, in which she asks Greennev about help. The general in Orenburg remains deaf to the requests of the officer, and then the Grineal makes a decision alone to go to the beloved revenue. In the structure of the magic fairy tale, this corresponds to the function of the starting opposition. This is where the hero should be sent to search: Grineally accompanied by Savelich leaves Orenburg. When Grinev is passing by the Berdy Slobody, he captures and translated to Pugachev. So there is a new meeting of the hero and the donor. It is also random to any extent, since Grinev does not seek meeting consciously, although it does not exclude such a likelihood. Higrine leads to Pugachev, who, together with advisers, interrogates an officer. Grinevu convinces them in the purity of their intentions and asks for help. So the third time the donor test is repeated. Grinevu withstands him thanks to his courage and honesty, and Pugachev makes a decision to accompany Greeneva to the Belogorsk Fortress. For a magical fairy tale, a similar tripling of individual functions is characteristic. But in a fairy tale, it is the repetition of the same action, and the result follows only after the third time. For example, the tangle leads Ivan first to one sister, then to the other, and only the third sister points to him; The king sets the hero with three tasks and only after that gives him a daughter, etc. In the "Captain Daughter", the next test of the donor leads every time to the new result: for the first time Pugachev leaves the Grineal life, he let go to the will with gifts to the will, in the third helps to help his beloved from captivity. The entire circle of the functions of the donelposple is repeated three times, and in this one of the differences of the Pushkinsky plot from the magic fairy tale. Greeneva in the Belogorsk fortress is lucky in his kibitka. This is a function of spatial movement, characteristic of a magical helper. The spatial movement in the magic fairy tale should be the struggle of the hero and antagonist. They enter the partially use other forms of contest. In the novel, Shvabrin and Grinevo come into dispute: each of them tries to convince Pugacheva in her rightness and blame the opponent in a lie. The next feature highlighted by proppage, the victory of the hero above the antagonist. Pugachev believes precisely Grinevo. Dealer is being eliminated by trouble or shortage: Pugachev helps in love to reunite, and Grinevo with Masha leave the Belogorsk Fortress forever. The most structurally most corresponds to the magic fairy tale, since all the basic functions and the sequence remains unchanged. 14 Chapters, where we are talking about the stay of Greeneva in Zurin's detachment, his arrest and subsequent release at the petition of Masha Mironova. Paintseed chapter describes the captive of Greeneva and Masha with a detachment of Zurina and their subsequent liberation. The storyline is completed here, originating from the first move and related to the relationships of the characters in which Grinevo acts as the tested gear, and Zyrin as awarding his donor. Zyrin takes Greeneva to a squad, they fight with the troops of Pugachev. Then comes an order about Arrest Greenieva, and it is transmitted to the Investigation Commission. Grinev will find out that he was arrested on the basis of the testimony of Schwabrin. This act can be regarded as a new womb, creating a new situation of shortage. Delightened in the center of the narration is Masha Mironova. We face a problem: how to regard its further actions to liberate Greenland? Does it go to her the character of the hero, what can not be in a magical fairy tale? Or does it perform a different function? Masha's stay in Grievous house is accompanied by a newly relative well-being: the parents took the girl as a native, fell in love with her and began to wish to marry her son on the daughter of Captain Mironov. Award equilibrium is disturbed when hearing about Arrest Greeneva, and after this The letter comes from Prince B., already definitely reporting on the reference of Peter Andreevich to the eternal settlement in Siberia. A letter fulfills the function of mediation, reporting misfortune. Masha decides to go to the capital and apply for Greennev to the Empress. She goes to Petersburg, accidentally meets the empress on a walk, talks with her and convinces her in the innocence of his groom. The Empress fully justifies Greenland. Grine and Masha marry and live long and happily. The central event here is the conversation of Masha with the empress. Before us is the case of assimilation of methods of execution of functions. You can define this conversation as a donor test or as a difficult task. Depending on this, the third stroke is an independent sequence of functions other than the structural fairy tale, or the continuation of the second move, which corresponds to the laws of the fabulous plot. We reprimand the ovance of the kprincipchipopenia of the function in its consequences. If the consequence of the task is to obtain a magical tool (or a promotion of services), we have a donor test. If the result becomes the extraction of the desired character, we determine the difficult task. In this case, the consequence of the conversation of Masha with the Empress is the liberation of Greeneva, that is, the elimination of the initial misfortune. So, we have a difficult task. Since the problem resolution is included in the circle of actions of the Magic Assistant, Masha performs this feature. In 1314, a number of important functions are asked: a meeting with a donor, receiving a magical agent, a fight with an antagonist. Their place is occupied by the functions characteristic of the continuation of the magic fairy tale: re-wondering, the difficult task allowed by the assistant, the restoration of the good name of the hero, the punishment of the enemy and marriage. All this makes it possible to consider the third climbing of the summary associated with the reconciliation situation and the possessing special set of functions. Many functions are logically combined in separate circles that correspond to certain performers. Based on this proppage allocates the main characters of the magic fairy tale. This is a hero, antagonist, false hero, princess, donor, assistant, sender. The false hero is only present in some fairy tales, the Afunctions of the donor and assistant can be combined in one character. In the "Captain daughter" the central characters are Grinev, Pugachev, Masha Mironova, Schvabrin. Among others, you can especially highlight the Savelian of the faithful companion Greeneva, Zurin, Parents Greeneva and Mironov, Empress. We define how they relate to the characters of a magical fairy tale, summarizing the above observations. Approaching unfolds around the fate of Greeneva, is conducted from his face. The following functions are associated with grine: Sending to search, reaction to the donor testing, antagonist combating and winning the victory, wedding. This circle of actions in general is repeated both in the first and vicor of the parts and fully corresponds to the functions of the hero. For a fabulous hero, certain attributes are also characteristic. This is a special form of the appearance of the Hero Wonderful Birth, which is usually accompanied by a prophecy about the fate of the hero. It is told about the rapid growth of the hero, about his superiority over the brothers. In the "Captain daughter" the circumstances of the birth of Greeneva: still being in the womb, he becomes a soldier of the Semenovsky regiment. This can be considered a kind of prophecy about the fate of the hero. Greennev had nine brothers and sisters who died in infancy. The hero of mine is marked by fate, once survived one of all. Up to sixteen years old, Grinev does nothing and grows adolescent, just as a fabulous hero sometimes lies on the furnaces of thirty years and three years, but then the wonders of strength and intelligence. And Grinev, breaking out the heart rate of the parent wing, after the first youth tricks demonstrates unusual for inexperienced home pupils, honesty and courage. Even the sword, he owns no worse than Brener of Swabrin! Researchers are different explain to such a turn of events. In our opinion, one of the reasons is the connection of the image of Graineva with the folk model of the hero. Hello, the image of Pugachev, which embodied the life of Greeneva, and mercy, which restored the welfare of the Hero, simultaneously, which was restored by the hero. This duality of the image of Pugacheva allowed S.Z. Agranovich and L.P. Sissurance to determine it as an antagonist and a magical assistant in one person. You will explain how this, having considered the circle of actions and attributes of the character. Pugachev and in the first, and in the second part there is random. Especially fabulous appears its appearance in the first part, when it arises from the snowy brown-like root: "... WHO is not WHO, the tree is not a tree, but it seems that it seems to move. There must be a wolf or man. " Note that in the magic fairy tale, the wolf is often an assistant hero. Next, Pugachev is experiencing Greennev, in the first part, demonstrating his distressive position to him, in the second asking questions. After the hero is withstanding the test, Pugachev promises his help to him, takes it in the first part to the accommodation, and in the second it takes to the Belogorsk fortress, helps to help Masha from the hands of Schvabrin. Thus, it is inherent in the following functions: the test, the supply of the magic agent (in the form of a promise of its services), the spatial movement of the hero, the elimination of the initial misfortune or shortage. These functions are characteristic of the donor and the magic assistant, which are combined in the face of Pugachev. Method of inclusion in the narration accidental appearance is also characteristic of the donor. From the point of view of the structure of the plot, Pugachev is not an antagonist, since it does not fulfill its functions. Rol Antagoning Roman played by Swabrin. It is appropriately involved: first represents part of the initial situation, it is later learned by grine. Schvabrin performs the following functions: removing, catching, insertion, battle with the hero. The complexity is the definition of the role of Swabrin in the last chapters. To continue the magic fairy tale associated with the new hydration, the characteristic type of a pesting hero, who will deceive the prey of the hero and makes unreasonable claims, issuing himself for him. Shubrin can not stand in place Greeneva, but, stipulating him, hesitates him before The same arrestant, perhaps wanting not only to take revenge on the opponent, but also soften his fate. The punishment of a false hero's punishment. I don't know anything about the fate of Schvabrin, however, we can make an assumption based on the fate of the first prototype of Pushkin rebellious fate of Schwanwich, who died in the link without waiting for the amnesty (see). However, in the third part of Schvabrin, only episodically appears, which makes it possible to consider it the main role of the role of the antagonist. Masha Mironova also combines the functions of two characters: princesses and a magical helper. In the second part, she kidnapped at the hero by the antagonist and is the subject of his search. Here Masha acts as a princess. Tsarevna in fairy tales recognizes a genuine hero and denounce the offender. These functions include the words of Masha in a conversation with Pugachev, when the girl rushes and Grinevo and says that Schvabrin is lying and never was her husband. In the third part of Masha already performs other functions. She permits a difficult task, convincing the empress to listen to her arguments in favor of Greeneva, and eliminates its intercession initial misfortune. These functions are characteristic of a magical helper. After completing them, Masha returns to the role of princes, going married hero. Greeneva's parents play the role of senders: they send Greennev to the service and give him Agaz. Zurin acts as a magical assistant. The test for the hero is the payment of card debt in response to the need of the Rothmistra in the money. The empress appears in the text only episodically. She asks Masha a difficult task, although in an indirect form, and also punishes the pest of Schwabrin. These functions in the fairy tale are performed by the princess and its fatherard. This regardes Savelich, it does not perform any functions that determine the development of a fabulous law. The faithful servant accompanies Greeneva and divides his fate in everything, being a peculiar comic twin of the hero (see more detail). In fact, Fabulus "Captain's Daughter" reveals a large structural proximity to a magical fairy tale. This is especially true for 1012 chapters, where the logic of the wonderful salvation of characters is maintained at the level of Fabul. We can talk about the deep bond of Pushkina with folk traditions, based on the data provided by the analysis of the text structure.

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Marusova Irina Vladimirovnaphd, Assistant Professor of Literature and Methods of Teaching Of Smolensk State University (Smolensk) The Structure of Fairy Tail in A. Pushkin's Novel "The Captain" S Daughter "Abstract. The Article Discusses A.S. Pushkin's Novel" The Captain "S Daughter" In Terms of Its Compliance With The Plot Structure of A Fairy Tale, Establishedby V.Y. Propp. The Main Functions of Fairy Tale Plat Are Not Only Found In The Text of the Novel, But Their Traditional Sequence IS Largely Retained and Characters Correlate with the Folk Model. This Suggests That "The Captain's Daughter" Is Deeply Connected with Folk Traditions on The Text Structure.key Words: A.S. Pushkin; "The Captain" S Daughter "; v.y. Propp; Fairy Tale; Plot; Function.

Folklore-fabulous motifs in the "Captain Daughter" A.S. Pushkin

8th grade

"Captain's daughter" was established in 1836. This is the last work of the poet. In the story: the role of the people and a strong person in history, historical pattern and the ethical justification of the "Bunta", the problem of humanism, the "grace of fallen" and much more. The question of folklore began, through it, Pushkin tried to convey us a nationalism and historicism. These are epigraphs from folk songs, proverbs and sayings in the speech of heroes, Kalmyk Tale about Eagle and Vorona, Robber Song "Not Shumi, Mati Green Dubrovushka" and others. There are hidden folklorism. Pugachev's speech, the presence of a people's poetic word in it. Folklore intonations are clearly heard. This is how popular national thinking is expressed through the characteristic features of the syntactic, rhythmic-intonational and figurative system of folk speech. The poet does not characterize the popular language, but gives folklore-fabulous flavor. This promotes the populating vocabulary: "Red Maiden, orphan". Challenge folklibes: "Seven spans in the forehead, go on all four sides." The intonation of royal intercession, wise generosity, is peculiar to the legendary-heroic pathos of epic and magical warrior fairy tales. According to the folk tradition, the robber is not a villain, but avenger, punishing the unrighteous people, the defender of orphans. A similar semantic load receives in a folk fairy tale and a magical assistant. With the legends about Pugachev, the poet met on journey through the Orenburg land. In the "Captain daughter" everything is committed in a fairy tale, strange in an unusual way. "A strange acquaintance, strange friendship" is not the whole list with the word "strange." The fairy tale could tell Pushkin not only the external compositional forms of the narration, but also the type of hero itself. Governs leads "family entries", going on the road, receives the parental order, is looking for his bride. It is the refractive for social through the prism of personal, private interests of the hero determines the scope of the image of reality in a folk magic fairy tale. The fairy tale for the first time discovered the literature the value of a separate human destination. These are ordinary people subject to persecution, everyday troubles. Masha in Pugacheva's representation is not the daughter of the captain of government troops, but a kind of orphan. And Pugachev, like a fabulous assistant, rides to cut out Masha, Bride Greeneva. Thus, there is an unofficial, human contact between Pugachev and Grinev, in which their "strange" friendship is founded. The fabulous situation allows the heroes in certain moments to retreat from the natural logic of their social behavior, to flow the laws of their social environment, addressing the norms of universal ethics. But the fabulous idyll collapses as soon as Pugachev learns that Masha is the daughter of Mironov executed. The "Fiery Eyes" of Pugachev, directed to Greennev, say about the sharp change of mood. The harsh logic of historical reality is ready to put an end to the "strange agreement" between the heroes, but then the true generosity of the "People's King" was manifested. He turned out to be able to become higher than the historical interests of the camp, to which he himself belongs to, precisely the royal, contrary to any "state" logic, giving Grinove and Masha the joy of salvation and human happiness. Greeneva and Pugachev's relationship is tied not in the heat of military battles, where the social and historical essence of each person is naked to the limit, but at a random confusion, in a random meeting (hence the role of the case in the fate of the people's fabulous hero), where official ethics of behavior retreats to second plan. On the first - human contact connections between people. "Hare Toulup" marked the beginning of the "strange" relationship. The author sees the inevitability of the opposition of the Lords and the people, naturally leading to the rebellion, which the nobleman of Grinemen gives an expressive assessment - "meaningless and merciless". The interpretation of the character of Pugachev as a merciful, generous king Pushkin interprets, not only relying on the fabulous legendary basis of peopetic thinking, but also for real historical and documentary facts. The poet carefully studied the entire "archive" of Pugachev uprising. Attention was attracted by "manifests" Pugachev. People-poetic fabulous creativity needed Pushkin in order to better understand the warehouse of the national nature of the people, the image of his historical thinking. Fairy tales for Pushkin (at the time of the formation of Pushkin's story intensively created his own fabulous cycle) were the creative laboratory in which he, comprehending the laws of people's fabulous thinking, prepared the future forms of literary narrative, striving, to learn to speak - fabulous, but not in a fairy tale. This ability Pushkin reached in the "Captain daughter". Language coincidences with fairy tales - proof that the people's fabulous epic world view, presented by the situation of a noble assistant, served as a common basis for both the stale creativity of the poet, and for the plot-shaped fabric of the historical story. There is a community of people's fabulous interpretation of images. Pushkin emphasizes a common feature, which he considered the most important feature of a national national character. Both the old man and Pugachev are ingenuous, their actions are based on a natural heartway, which is conflict with the logic of common sense, officially accepted norms and rules of the story. In the 1830s, Pushkin sought to this simpleness, infant simplicity of the perception of reality, which is peculiar to a popular look at the world. This simplicity saw Pushkin in a folk magic fairy tale. In the story "Captain's daughter" is an innocent, unofficial look at things supported by the remniscovers of a fairy-tale style, are dialectically connected by Pushkin with a height of its own historical thinking.

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Folk-fabulous motifs in the story of A.S. Pushkin "Captain's Daughter"

Ivanovo Julia

class 9 "B", MBOU "SOSH No. 37", Kemerovo

Bondareva Vera Gennadievna

scientific leader, teacher of Russian language and literature, MBOU "SOSH No. 37", Kemerovo.

"Captain's daughter" - a vertex work of Pushkin art prose - was written in the thirties of the last century, in the era of the gloomy Nikolaev reign, for a quarter of a century before the cancellation of serfdom. It is only worth mentally to imagine those comprehensive changes that occurred during these last one and a half century, as becoming a tangible "high-size distance", separating us, contemporaries of the space era, from the Pushkinsky leisure era.

The rapidly every year public and scientific progress, the harder it becomes fully comprehended by the "Cases of the long-lasting days of the old days of the old days of the uprising of Pugachev - after all, between the Terrible Peasant War of 1773-1775 and our modernity flew two centuries of turbulent historical events. Pushkin found even the living eyewitnesses of Pugachevsky movement, and the entire social structure of society remained essentially the same. Various administrative reforms, most of which fall to the reign of Alexander I, have not changed the social fastener of Tsarist Russia. The political system of the country devoid of civil rights remained unchanged. No wonder the ghost of the new Pugachevshchina vital over Nikolaev Russia. If the "Captain Daughter" began to study in those years, it would hardly need a detailed comment: his life was replaced by the social conflicts of Pugachev movement in the main features.

Pushkin did not abuse archaisms. However, in the text of his historical story we meet a lot of outdated words. In addition, some words and expressions, without turning into the category of archaisms, changed their meaning, acquired other semantic shades. Now many Pages of the "Captain Daughter" are difficult to understand without a detailed social and historical, domestic, lexical and literary commentary comment.

Therefore, it is necessary not only attentive reading of Pushkin's artistic prose for aesthetic pleasure, but also to understand the historical processes of irrevocably past time. When you read the work, the interest in the issues of history, to the infinitely diverse and complex relationship between people.

"Captain's daughter", created in 1836, became a kind of art will of Pushkin: it turned out to be the last work of the poet, published during his life. In the story, many ideological and creative search for Pushkin thought of the 1830s are found in the story.

Among the problems of the work reflecting the most important parties to Pushkin Realistic Aesthetics, the question of the role and place in the folklore principle is of particular importance, since it was through the folklore Pushkin at that time to dialectically synthesize such the most important categories for him as nationality and historicism.

The fact that folklore in the artistic system of the Captain's Daughter is on the rights of its most important ideological and styrene-forming factor, many different kinds of works are written.

It is true that the content of the folklore world is not exhausted by the people of people. - poetic realities that are directly present in the text, fromi mean epigraphs from folk songs, proverbs and sayings in the speech of heroes, Kalmyk Tale about Eagle and Vorona, Rogue song "Not Shumi, Mati Green Dubrovka ..." and others. All this is the so-called facts of explicit, "clean" folklore z.ma, without taking into account which it is impossible to understand not the meaning of the author's position in the "Captain Court" nor the essence of many of its images. This aspect of folklorism Pushkin Tale is quite thorough and deeply examined in Pushkin Science.

However, in the "Captain daughter" there are facts of internal, "hidden" folklorism, which detects themselves not only in the actual folklore realities, but also in the style of the story, its plot-composite receptions, the warehouse of thinking of heroes -Ah -in-a -vent historical worldview , author's vision of the world. In the "Captain Daughter", folklore images and motifs obviously need to be perceived not only as components of the work, but as a people's ethical element that has impregnated all the text.

Indeed, "Captain's daughter" is all permeated by the people-shaped element of artistic creativity. Help feel this element, determine its value and place in the historicism system of the Pushkin story. The task of which would bring us a solution to understanding in one degree or another the role of folklore in the realistic method of Pushkin.

We will look more close to Pugachev's speech. Already in the very rhythmic and stylistic drawing of his phrases clearly hear people and poetic words:

· "Come out, a red maiden; I give you will. I am a sovereign. "

· "Which of my people dares to offend a siroto? Be he seven spans in his forehead, and my court would not leave. "

· "Find this to execute, it is pregnant to be pregnant. Go yourself to all four sides and do what you want. "

Everywhere it is clearly heard folk intonations that bear the epic and fabulous, legendary tint. Moreover, it is achieved by Pushkin not due to the methods of external stylization, but as a result of the desire to express the deep qualities of national national thinking through the characteristic features of the syntactic, rhythmic and intonational and figurative structure of folk speech. A.S. Pushkin gives folklore-fabulous flavor. This is promoted by the People's Poetic vocabulary ("Red Maiden", "Sirota"), pressessed phraseological phrases ("seven spans in the forehead", "Stay ... for all four sides"), as well as the intonation of royal intercession, wise generosity, peculiar legendary -Cheroic pathos of epic and magic warrior fairy tales.

According to the folk tradition, the robber is not a villain, but avenger, punishing unrighteous people, a defender of orphans. A similar semantic load receives in a folk fairy tale and a magical assistant. With the legends of Pugachev, as a popular king, a subsidiary A.S. Pushkin in a variety of variations met during his journey in Orenburg.

In the "Captain daughter", everything is really committed, as in a fairy tale, strange, unusual way. "Strange acquaintance", "strange friendship", "strange incidents", "strange clutch of circumstances" is not a complete list of formulas with the word "strange", which Grinev is trying to characterize the peculiarity of its relations with the "People's Soviet". The fairy tale could "prompt" the Pushkin not only external, compositional forms of the narration, but also the type of hero itself.

Governs leads "family notes", going on the road, receives the parental order (about his people's poetic basis and a presses: "Take care of honor"), in the vortex of the historical uprising, it turns out to be in the ultimate personal reasons: Grinevo is looking for his bride - The one of the executed captain Mironova, Masha.

It is the refractive for social through the prism of personal, private interests of the hero determines the scope of the image of reality in a folk magic fairy tale.

The fairy tale for the first time discovered the "big" literature the value of a separate human destination. A person is less interesting to a fairy tale, the state side of its activities, the heroes attract a fairy tale primarily as ordinary people susceptible to persecution, everyday troubles, the transformations of fate. Masha in Pugacheva's representation (to whom Him Grinevo) is not the daughter of the captain of government troops, but a kind of innocently persecuted stepdaughter, "orphan", which "offend". And Pugachev, like a fabulous assistant, rides to "help out" the bride, which is "looking for" Grine. Thus, there is an unofficial one between Pugachev and Grinev, the human contact, on which their strange friendship is founded. The fabulous situation gives the heroes the opportunity to retreat from the natural logic of their social behavior, to flow the laws of their social environment, turning to the norms of universal ethics. But the fabulous idyll immediately collapses as soon as the "sirota", which "saved" Pugachev, actually turns out to be the daughter of Mironov executed. About the sharp change of the mood of Pugachev eloquently speak His "Fiery Eyes", asked for Greenland. The harsh logic of historical reality is ready to put an end to the "strange agreement" between the heroes, but then the true generosity of the "People's King" was manifested.

He turned out to be able to become higher than the historical interests of the camp, to which he himself belongs, truly in a tsarist, contrary to any "state" logic, giving Grinove and Masha the joy of salvation and human happiness: "execute, so execute, complain, so complain: so my custom. Take your beauty; Where do you want to go, and give you God Love yes advice! "

Thus, Pugachev will eventually complete the role of a fabulous Savior "Ninno-persecuted" "Syarota", Eminels in the request of Greeneva: "To finish how I started: let me go with poor orphans, it will tell us the way."

The people's fabulous recognition of the ethical value of a separate human destination, the compassion for its "small" concerns and needs, the concept is emphasized by the personal-one of the public-Human man -All it, which goes out by their roots into a folk globility of a magical fairy tale, gives life to "strange friendship "Between Pugachev and Grinevoy Pushkin Tale. Their relationship is tied not in the heat of military battles, where the socio-historical essence of each person is naked to the limit, and at a random crossway, in a random meeting (hence the role of the case in the fate of the people's fabulous hero is so great), where official ethics of behavior retreats to the background ; Pure human, direct connections between people are of paramount importance. "Hare Toulup" marked the beginning of the "strange" relationship between nobleman and Pugachev, when they were able to abandon their characteristic thinking that were characteristic of each social stereotype, climb over the cruel laws of their social circle.

At the same time, Pushkin does not go against historical and artistic truth. "Strange consent" achieved between Pugachev and Grinev, not a consequence of arbitrary buildings of the author; It is because it is strange that does not eliminate the confrontation of social camps, which is aware of the artistically embodied by Pushkin. The author of the "Captain Daughter" clearly sees the inevitability of the opposition of the Lords and the people, naturally leading to the rebellion, to which the nobleman Grinevant gives an expressive assessment - "meaningless and merciless".

It is important to emphasize that in the interpretation of the character of Pugachev as a merciful, generous king Pushkin relied not only on the fabulous legendary basis of populatory thinking, but also for real historical and documentary facts. As you know, the poet carefully studied the entire "headquarters" of Pugachev uprising. Among numerous documents, his attention was undoubtedly attracted by the so-called "manifesto" Pugachev. In the title title, one of them contains meaningful auto-spelling of the "peasant king", in which he calls himself as "Russian troops. The main and great sovereign, and all the smaller and large breaththers and merciful with the publicists of the executor who smaller the venerable, scarce enrichment."

Lines about the "mercifulness of the suspected executive" and "scarce obrises", no doubt, could be in the artistic memory of the author of the "Captain Daughter". From his sharp look, obviously, the fact that in formulas like the above was clearly manifested by the conscious desire of Pugachev "to file" his personality of the "Menietian king" in the form of the closest and understandable Cossack masses, i.e., painted in tone People's poetic imagery, basically fabulous legendary. After all, according to the legend about the impostor, Pugachev was akin to the less to the smaller peasant son, which, fabulously overcome all the obstacles, was transformed into a wonderful and wonderful look of a clear and close to the people of Tsar-Batyushki, the king of the assumption. In the consciousness of the Cossacks, Pugachev, as it were, it would be out of a fairy tale and its activities continued this fairy tale. The fairy tale ends with the hero entry to the royal throne. Pugachev-king is already one fact of his real existence was obliged to justify the aspirations of the wide masses who wanted to see the specific practical implementation of their fabulous ideals. So the legend of the impostor of the "Menietic Tsar" organically absorbed fabulous content, forming the element of the element of the historical world of the people in such a unity, which was felt by Pushkin and in historical legends about Pugachev, and in the documentary and biographical circumstances of his life fate.

People's poetic and, in particular, fabulous creativity needed Pushkin in order to better understand the warehouse of the national nature of the people, the image of his historical thinking. The peculiarities of this nature, the poet sought to embody not only the images specifically created by him, but also in the holistic artistic world of their works.

At the time of the formation of the plan of "Captain's Daughter", it is necessary, as you know, the period of intensive work of Pushkin over the creation of a fabulous cycle. Fairy tales for Pushkin were the creative laboratory in which he, comprehending the laws of people's fabulous thinking, prepared his future forms of literary narrative, striving, on his own confession, to learn to speak to a squeeze, but not a spruce. This ability of Pushkin fully reached in the "captain's daughter", which is a clear text of the narrative style of the story with the style of Pushkin fairy tales. Take, for example, "a fairy tale about fisherman and fish." You can compare:

1. "Tale of fisherman and fish":

Fish: "Let you go, older, I'm in the sea! // Dear for myself I will give off the spook P: // bump over than you just wish. "

Old man: "God is with you, the goldfish! // Your sputter does not need to me; // Step yourself into the blue sea, // Walk there yourself on the square. "

2. "Captain's daughter" (head "attack"):

Savelich: "My father's father! .. What do you want in the death of the Barski cat? Let him go; For him, the redemption will give you. "

Pugachev: "Execute, so execute, to free, so to bed. Go yourself to all four sides and do what you want. "

Thus, there are obvious coincidences - one proof of the fact that the people's fabulous epic minora, presented by the situation of a grateful assistant, served as a common basis for both the fabulous creativity of the poet and for the plot-shaped fabric of the historical story.

In the 1830s, Pushkin sought to this simpleness, infant simplicity of the perception of reality, which is peculiar to a popular look at the world. The poet writes about the "simpleness of the genius" (such, according to his representation, the genius of Mozart), about the "monochable simplicity" of historical reflections of Karamzin, about the "gaiety" of the age of Gogol, "ingenuous and at the same time. Pushkin directly indicates that in the nature of Pimen, he reflected the image of the thoughts of the ancient chronicle: "Simpleness, humble meekness, something infant and wise ...".

This simplicity, the living impedition of the view on the phenomenon of reality saw Pushkin and in a folk magic fairy tale. In the prose of the 1830s, the writer's attempts are clearly visible to create a special genre-style community. An essential place in this commonality was given a folk-fabulous style basis. It is she who, this basis, is felt in the language, the plot of the "History of Belkin", the compositely united manner of an innocent narrator.

"Captain's daughter" is a special stage in the synthesizing of the Pushkin literary and folk-fabulous basis. Simple, unofficial look at things, supported by direct remniscovers of fairy-tale style, is dialectically connected here by Pushkin with a height of its own historical thinking. Obviously, the fact that in the list of articles planned Pushkin for the magazine "Contemporary", the names "On Pugachev" and "Fairy Tales" are nearby.

This is one of the aspects of the "hidden", internal folklorism "Captain's daughter".

Bibliography:

1. Vsevolod Verodin. Tale of Pushkin. ― L., 1966.
2. Tale about prose / Shklovsky V.B. ― M.: T. 2. ― M.: Fiction, 1966. ― from. 463.
3. Pushkin A.S. Selected Works / Sost. ON THE. Chechulina ― St. Petersburg., 1968
4. Pushkin A.S. Complete essays Tom Fourth ― Krasnoyarsk: "Univers", PSK "Union", 1999.
5. Light name Pushkin / Sost., Comment. V.V. Cunin. ― M.: True; 1998. ― from. 606.
6. Sinyavsky A. (Abram Terz) Journey to a black river. ― M., 2002.
7. Smolnikov I.F. Pushkin's journey to Orenburg region / Smolnikov I.F. ― M.: Thought, 1991. ― from. 271.
8. Social protest in folk poetry. Russian folklore / ed. A.A. Gorelov ― L.: Science, 1975.
9. Pushkin's fate: novel ― research / B. bursa. ― SPb.: OV. Writer, 1986. ― from. 512.
10. Reading Pushkin / Sun. Christmas ― St. Petersburg: Children. Literature, 1962. ― from. 188.

Gineeva Bairma

The work is analyzed folk-fabulous motifs of the story "Captain's daughter"

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Maou "Petropavlovsk Secondary School No. 1"

Dzhidinsky district

The Republic of Buryatia

Scientific and practical conference "Step to the Future"

Section: "Literature XIX century"

Topic: Folk-fabulous motifs in the story

"Captain's daughter" A. S. Pushkin.

Performed: Gineeva Bairma,

student 9 "g" class

Maou "Petropavlovskaya School No. 1"

Scientific adviser:

Shestakova V.N.,

Russian language and literature teacher

Petropavlovka, 2013

Plan.

1. Introduction.
2. Main part

1. The role of folk elements in the story A.S. Pushkin "Captain's daughter"
2. Speech and image of Pugachev as an indicator of the use of a people's pooretic basis
3. Strange fabulous situations in the story
4. Using fabulous elements in the story
5. People's fabulous interpretation of images

1. Conclusion.

Annotation.

This work is devoted to the analysis of the story of A.S. Pushkin "Captain's daughter" in terms of the presence of folk-fabulous motifs in it. The student considers speech and the image of Pugachev as an indicator of using a people's-ethical basis, speaks of strange fabulous situations in the story, analyzes the use of fabulous elements in the story.

Introduction

"Captain's daughter", created in 1836, became a peculiar art will of Pushkin: she turned out to be the last work of the poet, published during his lifetime. In the story, many ideological and creative search for Pushkin thought of the 1830s are completed: the role of the people and a strong person in history, the historical pattern and the ethical justification of the "Bunta" and is closely with her the associated humanism problem, "mercy for fallen" and Much.

Among the problems of the work reflecting the most important parties of Pushkin realistic aesthetics are of particular importance to the issue of using folk-fabulous motives in the story.

The purpose of our work: Determine the place and role of folk-fabulous motifs in the story of A.S. Pushkin "Captain's daughter".

Tasks:

1. analyze the speech of the heroes of the story
2. determine the typical features of the heroes from the point of view of folk-fabulous motifs
3. specify the text routing of a narrative story with the style of Pushkin fairy tales.

Hypothesis : If we assume that the folklore is a reflection of the perception by the people of reality, we can assume that it was through the folklore Pushkin "I tried to express such the most important categories for him as nationality and historicism.

Object of study: Tale A.S. Pushkin "Captain's Daughter"

Subject of study:folk-fabulous motifs in the story of A.S. Pushkin "Captain's Daughter"

Relevance Our work is not doubtful, as interest in the work of A.S. Pushkin is constant, and folklore motives have always occupied one of the leading places in his work and were a source of inspiration.

Main part.

In the special literature, a lot of work is written, which says that folklore in the artistic system of "Captain Daughter" speaks on the rights of the most important ideological and styrene-forming factor.

Veselova TS, speaking of the role of folk elements in the "Captain's Daughter" poetics, it believes that the content of the folklore world is not exhausted by those people's poetic realities that are directly present in the text. It means epigraphs from folk songs, proverbs and sayings in the speech of heroes, the Kalmyk Tale about Eagle and the Rope, the robbery song "Not Shumi, Mati Green Dubravushka ..." and others. All these are so-called facts of explicit, "clean" folklorism, without The accounting of which it is impossible to understand not the meaning of the author's position in the "Captain daughter", nor the essence of many of its images. This aspect of the folklorism of Pushkin Tale is quite thoroughly and deeply examined in Pushkin Science and is widely implemented to the practice of school studies.

However, in the "Captain Daughter" there are facts of internal, "hidden" folklorism, which detects itself not only in the actual folklore realities, but also in their style of the story, its plot-composite receptions, the warehouse of thinking of heroes and - ultimately - copyright historical world , author's vision of the world. T. S. Merryovaya Fair: In the "Captain Daughter", folklore images and motives obviously need to be perceived on only as the components of the work, and as the people - the poetic element that has impregnated all the text.

Indeed, the "Captain's Daughter" is all impregnated by the People's Fashion Element of Artistic Creativity. Our task to feel this element, to determine its meaning and place in the system of historicism of the Pushkin Story, which will bring us to understand the role of folklore in the realistic method of A.S. Pushkin.

We will look more close to Pugachev's speech. Already in the style of his phrases, the fragrance of people's poetic word is clearly felt:

- "Come out, Red Maiden; I give you will. I am a sovereign. "

"Who of my people dares to offend a siroto? .." Be he seven spans in his forehead, but I will not leave my court. "

- "Stand out so to execute, to prevent so silent. Go yourself to all four sides and do what you want. "

Everywhere it is clearly to hear folk intonations, which has been a fabulous, legendary tint. Moreover, it is achieved by Pushkin not due to the methods of external stylization, but as a result of the desire to express the deep qualities of national national thinking through the characteristic features of the syntactic, rhythmic and intonational and figurative structure of folk speech.

The poet does not make the people's folk language, obsolete, does not try to deliberately add it to the dialective-spacious vocabulary, Pushkin without pressing gives folklore-fabulous flavor. This is promoted by people - poetic vocabulary ("Red Maiden", "Sirota"), presses of phraseologisms ("seven spans in the forehead", "Stay ... in all four sides"), as well as the intonation of royal intercession, wise generosity peculiar to the legendary heroic Paphos epic and magical warrior fairy tales.

According to the folk tradition, the robber is not a villain, but avenger, punishing the unrighteous people, the defender of orphans. A similar semantic load receives in a folk fairy tale and a magical assistant. With the legends of Pugachev, as a popular king, the poet in a variety of variations met during his journey in Orenburg.

In the "Captain daughter", everything is really committed, as in a fairy tale, strange, unusual way. "Strange acquaintance", "strange friendship", "strange incidents", "strange clutch of circumstances" - that is the far incomplete list of formulas with the word "strange", which Grinev is trying to characterize the peculiarity of his relations with the "People's Republican Pugachev". The fairy tale could tell Pushkin not only external features, but also the hero type itself.

Governs leads "family notes", going on the road, receives parental skills. The adarction form, in which he is chewed, "take care of the honor" to the people's community basis. In the vortex of the historical uprising, it turns out to be prompted by, ultimately, personal reasons: Grinevo is looking for his bride - the daughter of the executed captain Mironov, Masha.

It is the refractive for social through the prism of personal, private interests of the hero determines the scope of the image of reality in a folk magic fairy tale.

The fairy tale for the first time discovered the "big" literature the value of a separate human destination. A person is less interesting to the fairy tale of the official, state side of its activities, the heroes attract a fairy tale, primarily as ordinary people susceptible to persecutions, everyday troubles, turning fate. It is characteristic that Masha in Pugachev's representation (Grineh pushed) is not the daughter of the captain of government troops, but a kind of innocently persecuted "orphan", which "offend". And Pugachev, like a fabulous assistant, rides to cut off the bride, which is looking for Grinev. Thus, there is an unofficial one between Pugachev and Grinev, the human contact, on which their strange friendship is founded.

The fabulous situation gives the heroes the opportunity to retreat from the natural logic of their social behavior, to flow the laws of their social environment, turning to the norms of universal ethics. But fabulous idyll collapses as soon as the "sirota", which "saved" Pugachev, in fact, turns out to be a daughter of Mironov executed. About the sharp change of the mood of Pugachev eloquently speak His "Fiery Eyes", asked for Greenland. The harsh logic of historical reality is ready to put an end to the "strange agreement" between the heroes, but then the true generosity of the "People's King" was manifested.

He turned out to be able to become higher than the historical interests of the camp, to which he himself belongs, truly in a tsarist, contrary to any "state" logic, giving Ginteau and Masha the joy of salvation and human happiness: "I execute so to execute, to complain so much: this is my custom. Take your beauty; Where do you want to go, and give you God Love yes advice! "

Thus, Pugachev ultimately trusts the role of the fabulous Savior Savior to be talented by the Savior Savior, Eminels in the request of Greeneva: "To finish how I started: let me go with the poor orphans," where God will indicate God. "

People's fabulous recognition of the value of a separate human destiny, compassion for its small, "low" in terms of social and historical need for care and needs, the concept is emphasized by personal - not public - the success of a person is all that goes out by their roots in The folk globility of the magic fairy tale gives the life of "strange friendship" between Pugachev and Grinev in Pushkin Tale. Their relationship is tied not in the heat of military battles, but at a random crossway, in a random meeting (hence the role of the case in the fate of the people's fabulous hero is so great), where official, ranking ethics of behavior retreats to the background; Purely human, direct contact connections between people are of paramount importance. The "Hare Toulup" marked the beginning of the "strange" relationship between the nobleman and the riot driver, when they were able to abandon their characteristic of their social stereotype, climb over the cruel laws of ethics of their social circle.

At the same time, Pushkin did not surveal against the historical and artistic truth. "Strange consent", achieved between Pugachev and Grinev, is not a consequence of arbitrary utopian moods of the author. It is because it is strange that it does not eliminate the objective historical confrontation of social camps, which is realized and artistically embodies Pushkin as objective. The author clearly sees the inevitability of the opposition of the Lords and the people, naturally leading to the rebellion, to which the nobleman Grinevo gives an expressive assessment - "meaningless and merciless".

It is important to emphasize that in the interpretation of the character of Pugachev as a merciful, generous king Pushkin relied not only on the fabulous legendary basis of populatory thinking, but also for real historical and documentary facts. As you know, the poet carefully studied the entire "headquarters" of Pugachev uprising. Among numerous documents, his attention was undoubtedly attracted by the so-called "manifesto" Pugachev. In the title title, one of them contains numerous auto-spelling of the "peasant king", in which he calls himself as "Russian troops" the leader and the great sovereign, and all the smaller and large breaththers and mercifulness of the suspener, ... smaller admirer, scarce wrestling. "

Lines about "merciful resistencies of the executive" and "scarce obrises", no doubt, could write to the art memory of the author of the "Captain Daughter". From his sharp look, obviously, the fact that in formulas similar to the above was clearly a conscious desire of Pugachev "to file" his personality "Menietian king" in the form of the closest and understandable Cossack masses, i.e. Painted in the tone of the populating picture, basically fabulous legendary.

After all, according to the legend about the impostor, Pugachev was akin to the smaller peasant son, which, fabulously overcome all the obstacles, was transformed into a wonderful and beautiful look of a clear and close to the people of Tsar-Batyushki, the king of the assumption. In the consciousness of the Cossacks, Pugachev, as it were, it would be out of a fairy tale and its activities continued this fairy tale. The fairy tale ends with the hero entry to the royal throne. Pugachev-king is already one fact of his real existence was obliged to justify the aspirations of the wide masses who wanted to see the specific practical implementation of their fabulous ideals.

So the legend of the impostor of the "Menietic Tsar" organically absorbed fabulous content, forming the element of the element of the historical world of the people in such a unity, which was felt by Pushkin and in historical legends about Pugachev, and in the documentary and biographical circumstances of his life fate.

At the time of the formation of the plan of the "Captain's Daughter", it is necessary, as you know, the period of intensive work of Pushkin over the creation of its own fairy cycle. Fairy tales for Pushkin were the creative laboratory in which he, comprehending the laws of people's fabulous thinking, prepared his future forms of literary narrative, seeking, on his own admission, will learn to speak on a fabulous, but not in a fairy tale. This ability of Pushkin fully reached in the "captain's daughter", which is a clear text of the narrative style of the story with the style of Pushkin fairy tales.

Compare:

Thus, obvious coincidences are another proof that the People's Fabulous Mirosozenia, presented by the situation of a grateful assistant, served as a common basis for both the fabulous creativity of the poet, and for the plot-shaped fabric of the historical story.

Of interest also the community of people's fabulous interpretation of images. Pushkin emphasizes that common feature in his heroes, which he considered the most important feature of a national national nature. And the old man Savelich, and Pugachev is simple, their acts are based on a natural heartway, which is conflicted with the logic of common sense, officially accepted norms and rules of behavior.

Conclusion.

Thus, having considered some moments of the presence of the folklore principle in the story of A.S. Pushkin "Captain's daughter", we came to the conclusion that the people's ethical and, in particular, fabulous creativity needed Pushkin in order to better understand the warehouse of the national nature of the people, the image His historical thinking. The peculiarities of this nature, the poet sought to embody not only in the images specifically created by him, but also in the holistic artistic world of their works.

Pushkin sought to this simpleness, infant simplicity of the perception of reality, which is peculiar to a popular look at the world. This simplicity, the living impedition of the view on the phenomenon of reality saw Pushkin and in a folk magic fairy tale.

"Captain's daughter" is a qualitatively new stage in the use of a Pushkin literary and folk-fabulous basis. Simple, unofficial look at things, supported by the direct presence of a fabulous style, is dialectically connected here by Pushkin with a height of its own historical thinking.

This is one of the aspects of the "hidden", internal folklorism "Captain's daughter".

List of used literature.

1. Veselova TS The theme of the rebellious people and folklore in the lessons on the story "Captain's daughter". M.: Education, 2001
2. Lenzneva A.A. Prose Pushkin. M., - 1980, p.257
3. Lotman Yu.M. The ideological structure of the "Captain Daughter" Book for the teacher. M., - 1988, p.340
4. Mushina I.E. The story of Pushkin "Captain's daughter". Comments. L.: Education, 1997, p. 186-190.

Review

The work of the student 9 "g" of the class of Petropavlovsk secondary school No. 1 of Gineeva Bairma is devoted to the story A.S. Pushkin "Captain's daughter"

The student clearly determined the purpose and task of his research. It analyzes the work in terms of reflection in it folk-fabulous motives, considering the speech of the heroes (Pugachev, Savelich, Grinev), their typical features, finds examples of text roll call "Captain's daughter" with Pushkin's fairy tales.

The course of work confirms the hypothesis nominated: if we assume that the folklore is a reflection of the perception by the people of reality, we can assume that it was through the folklore Pushkin "it was trying to express such the most important categories for him as nationality and historicism.

The student has attached enough effort so that the problem is fully disclosed.

Work is written available to language understanding. Examples presented in work clearly illustrate the provisions put forward by Gineeva B.

Conclusions made by the student, are argued and accurate.

Shestakova V.N.,

Russian teacher and literature.