Solar panels do it yourself: an affordable power supply source

Today, many country house owners are engaged in searching for alternative sources of electricity. Installation of solar panels is gradually gaining its popularity. However, not everyone can afford to purchase expensive equipment. Therefore, many wonder: how to make solar panels with your own hands? The correct answer will be disclosed in this article.

Solar battery is a semiconductor device that converts solar radiation into electrical energy. The main task of such a system is reliable, economical and uninterrupted power supply at home. Such devices are advisable to install in areas where there are interruptions with the supply from the main source of electricity.

The main advantages of the solar battery are:

• easy installation of a device that does not require laying cables to supports;
• the system does not require high time spent on its maintenance;
• electricity generation does not have a detrimental effect on the environment;
• the design does not have moving parts;
• silent operation mode;
• delivery of electricity does not depend on the distribution network;
• long period of operation of the system at minimum cost.

Disadvantages of the Solar Battery:

• the process of manufacturing the system is very laborious;
• the solar panel takes a lot of space;
• the device is very sensitive to pollution;
• at night, the battery does not work;
• the efficiency of the device is directly dependent on weather conditions, namely from solar and cloudy days.

The principle of operation of the solar battery

The system operates through photovoltaic converters, which are connected in a specific sequence. Each photo converter consists of two silicon plates, which differ in the type of wiring. One is coated with phosphorus, with the result that the formation of an excess of negatively charged electrons occurs here. Another plate is covered with a boron, which leads to the formation of negative charges absent in the layer, particles, so-called "holes".

The principle of operation of an inexhaustible source of alternative energy is as follows: Sunlight falls on a negatively charged panel, which leads to the active formation of additional "holes" and electrons. In the panel covered with phosphorus, there is an electric field, due to which the potential difference appears. Positively charged particles rushed into the upper layer, and negatively charged are sent to the lower. Created constant voltage. It turns out that one converter works as a battery. A constant current arises in the chain when the load is joined to it. Each battery is covered with thin copper veins, discharged current and guide it for its intended purpose.

The strength of the current depends on certain parameters:

• the size of the photo converter;
• level of insolation;
• type of photocell;
• the overall resistance of the devices that are connected to the solar panel.

Varieties of solar batteries

All solar panels can be silica or film. The panels for which silicon serves, are divided into types:

• polycrystalline;
• monocrystalline;
• amorphous.

Polycrystalline Sunny Battery is a square-blue square device. Its surface has incisions of inhomogeneous silicon crystals. Despite the low efficiency of 18%, this device has the ability to produce a current during cloudy weather, which makes them indispensable in localities, where scattered sunlight prevails.

Monocrystalline solar energy converters are represented by black panels with beveled corners for which pure silicon is used. All cells of the device are directed in one direction, which allows you to obtain the maximum efficiency of 25%. The disadvantage of such batteries is that their facial side should always be addressed to the Sun. If it did not have time to climb, hid behind the clouds and fell over the horizon, the solar panels will produce a current of weak power. This is the most expensive, but also providing maximum performance, type of device.

Each amorphous battery consists of a variety of finest silicon layers, which are obtained by spraying the smallest particles of the material on glass, plastic or foil. Such layers quickly fade out that after six months, it leads to a drop in the efficiency of the device by 15-20%. The efficiency of such converters is only 6%. They are cheapest and able to work even in cloudy weather. However, the maximum service life is 2 years.

Based on the film batteries is not a solid substrate from metal or glass, but a polymer film. Therefore, they are produced in rolls, which allows you to spread the batteries on large areas. Thanks to its design, they can be cut into various parts and size parts, place solar panels on the roof of the house with smooth bends. They are compact and lungs. The roll panel will cost much cheaper than the silicon, for the manufacture of which is used expensive material. However, such models are less powerful. It is not easy to buy them today, because production is only evolving.

All solar panels, regardless of the type of device, are equipped with controllers that are monitoring the degree of charge panel. They redistribute the resulting energy by directing it to a source of consumption directly or saving in the battery.

Solar panels for a private house

Such an alternative to traditional power supply is very practical. In addition, the price of the device is significantly different from the cost of electricity. Having made a solar panel for home with your own hands, the owner will be able to optimize power consumption and thereby reduce its own cash costs. Many want to understand in advance how much the installation of solar panels for a private house will cost. To do this, it is necessary to conduct preliminary calculations, where the required power of the equipment and the conditions for its functioning is determined.

It should be started with the calculation of the amount of energy consumed, which is necessary to provide housing. Creating a full-fledged station, it is worth navigating the batteries in 150-250 W, for the country house there is enough panels in 50 W.

This value is the basis for the subsequent determination of the amount of solar panels and the number of auxiliary equipment, which includes batteries, inverters and controllers.

Helpful advice! To the general need for electricity it is worth adding another 20%, which is spent in the batteries themselves.

An important aspect is insolation, that is, the amount of solar energy, which falls on a separate unit of the area of \u200b\u200bthe panels. This value is individual for each specific region. You can get it in a special literature or specialized meteorological sites.

The energy rate is divided into insolation value. The resulting digit must be divided into the total power of the solar installation. The resulting value is the number of necessary batteries. It is important to get the maximum number of panels. Indeed, in different months the amount of sunlight will be different.

Helpful advice! Since insolation is constantly changing, the calculations should be carried out monthly.

For example, if you need to know how much solar houses are needed for 100 sq.m., where the station will feed the lighting light bulbs, a laptop, a TV, a satellite antenna, and an electric stove, all the above calculations should be performed. As a result, the power of the solar station will be approximately equal to 1000 W, which involves the use of 4 solar panels with a power of 250 W.

The panel must be placed on the southern part of the roof, which should be in perfect condition and is able to withstand a solid cargo. There should be no trees or other objects that create a shadow nearby.

Such a system can be used not only for power supply. High popularity is acquired by the heating of private houses by the sunny batteries. This allows you to get away from an expensive service associated with centralized gas supply, get rid of depends on communal enterprises, and receive year-round heat over a long service life of the solar power plant.

The installation of such a system is advisable only for those regions where the sun shines at least 20 days a month. If the sun is not enough to ensure that the system provides complete home heating, it can be used as an additional free source. A properly selected system from solar panels for home heating will pay itself after 3-4 years.

Solar panels for home: consumer reviews

Thanks to numerous positive reviews about the alternative source of electricity, it is possible to dispel the myths that are disturbed by potential wishing to install.

Many people think that such expensive equipment will not pay off throughout the entire installation service. However, as practice shows, with the proper installation of solar panels in compliance with all rules, you can provide a private house of electricity for at least 25 years. And the cost of equipment will pay off after 3-4 years.

The following myth implies an inefficient operation of solar panels in cloudy weather or in the winter period. However, consumer opinions agree that the maximum activity of the helixoletors can show during the stay of the Sun in Zenith in cloudless weather. But when the sun hides behind the clouds, the operation of the panels will occur, but not in full. The installation completely stops working at night when the sunlight is missing completely.

Opponents of solar batteries argue that the heliacollectors are rather fragile and cannot withstand various loads created by nature. However, consumer feedback prove the opposite: the solar panel is able to withstand even a large hail.

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The following myth concerns snow that can overlap light access to the system. However, here the danger carries the frost, for which the snow will be cling and create obstacles. To avoid this, you can position the batteries on the house vertically, then a large number of sliding light can be avoided.

And the last myth concerns Chinese solar cell production. Despite the very solid range of products, the factory in China often produce high-quality goods. This is especially true of the manufacture of helixollectors and heat pipes, the production of which is 90% concentrated in China. This product has high technical characteristics and is certified not only in their own country, but also in Germany.

Numerous positive Internet reviews have proven that an alternative source of electricity is good not only for a private house. Many successfully use solar panels for apartments that are installed on the balcony. They can be fixed directly on the glass or in the glazing frame, which will perform the role of tinting.

Sunbell kits 3 kW per cottage from 60,000 rubles

In the country, as a rule, there are electrical devices of small power, where a limited amount of batteries and a small periodicity of their use are required. If there is no centralized power supply in the country, then it is advisable to establish a set of solar batteries that will generate electricity for free. However, in order to get such free pleasure, initially will have to spend money on the purchase of necessary materials, the cost of which will pay off only in a few years.

For the production of 1 kW of electricity, a set of more than 200 watts is required. According to numerous reviews, the solar power plants for home in the country with a capacity of 800 W is able to provide complete autonomous electrical supply of the object. The cost of such a system will cost 80,000 rubles.

The standard set of solar power plant for the cottage consists of a 200 W panels, a charge controller 40 A, a 3 kW inverter, two batteries for 200 A and other auxiliary parts. The price of such a kit begins from 60000 rubles, and an approximate payback period is 3-5 years. However, this is the most favorable way to produce electricity for objects without centralized power supply. It is less expensive than using a diesel generator.

According to the reviews of the owners, the solar panels for the house on the summer site are better equipped with two or four power modules 200 in each. It depends on the number of energy consumers, the duration and frequency of their use. If power is not enough, it can be increasing, adding solar panels.

Many acquire such a private sector kit, where there are centralized power supply, as an additional source of energy. Numerous sunbathing reviews for the house indicate that in this case you can significantly save on payment for electricity bills.

How to make solar batteries do it yourself

When it is not possible to purchase a finished sunstation, you can create it with your own hands. There are two options here: purchase ready-made modules and connect them to the battery with an inverter or solder the panel yourself. The first way to build is fast, but more expensive. The second option requires a certain skill of the collector, which must be extremely careful with fragile photocells.

Four solar plates produce a total of 2 in electricity

To create a solar battery for home, you need to prepare certain materials.

The first major components for the creation of solar batteries is a set of high-quality photocells. Today you can purchase elements from polycrystalline or single crystal silicon. Latest photocells are more popular, which are ideal for home energy supply.

Helpful advice! All elements necessary for assembly should be purchased from one manufacturer. Since the materials of various brands are significantly different, which will complicate the assembly of the whole structure.

For connecting photocells, a set of special conductors will be required. For the manufacture of the body of the future battery, aluminum corners are suitable, resistant to atmospheric influences. The size of the housing depends on the number of photoeks. It is better to use transparent polycarbonate or plexiglas as an external coating of photo cells, which prevent infrared penetration. As additional materials you need fasteners hardware, copper electric pipes, Schottky diodes, silicone vacuum stands and a set of screws for fasteners.

In addition to the FEP, you need to buy an inverter 12 V 200 B for a home that converts a constant current to variable. For accumulation and slow power consumption, a pair of gel or AGM batteries is required. An equally important element is the controller required to turn off the battery from the battery during its full charge and its inclusion to obtain a new portion of electricity.

You can also collect a solar battery with your own hands from the remedies. For this, diodes are suitable, foil or transistors. The operation of the solar battery from diodes occurs as a result of an occurrence of about 2.5 V. in direct sunlight of the voltage, however, when the Suns are not enough this indicator begins to fall rapidly, and the diodes are already starting to consume energy. The use of such a battery is ineffective.

The foil device is more suitable for the production of thermal energy. Also, foil is the perfect material for the FEP substrate. The most effective is the solar battery collected from transistors. The more their number, the higher the power of the device. The upper part of each transistor must be cut off, pour powder. The device withdraws are contacts. This battery is designed to power the phone charging. For more serious events, its power is not enough.

Solar panels for home with their own hands: Step-by-step instructions for manufacture

After all the necessary items are prepared, you can start assembling the structure, which consists of the following steps:

1. Creating a frame of aluminum corners with low sidelights and hardware, the size of which depends on the number of transducers and their area. Here it is necessary to take into account the distance between the FEP at least 5 mm.
2. A sealant should be applied to the inner faces of the rail.
3. To lay a sheet of transparent material on the frame, tightly enjoying it to the adhesive contour.
4. After complete drying, the sealant with hardware is copped with a frame and a transparent surface.
5. Lay on a flat surface all photo-elements battery "minus" side up.
6. Using a soldering tool to each FEP, the conductors of the same length are attached. It is most convenient to produce when the module is located on the glass.
7. All elements are consistently connected to the "snake".
8. Extreme contacts must be soldered to the bus (silver wide conductor).
9. To prevent reduction in the quality of lighting in the dark, it is necessary to create "mid-points" with the help of shunt diodes, which are installed on the positive terminal. For this, Schottky diodes are suitable.
10. Put the transparent photocells with conductors.
11. Lubricate all FEPs output and connecting the wires with silicone glue.
12. Close the design of the back panel.
13. Connect the solar panel to the battery, solar panel controller and inverter.

Helpful advice! To make a short circuit between the load and individual elements of the battery, the fuses must be installed.

Almost every homeowner seeks to get free electricity. Installation of solar panels is the most acceptable option. With this device, you can create a basic (without centralized power supply) and an additional source of production of electrical energy. The system is environmentally friendly and reliable in use. The main minus is expensive equipment. However, its cost will pay off after 3-5 years.