Wooden ladder. How to make a ladder with your own hands

There is a staircase in any large house; it carries not only a practical, but also an aesthetic function. And if a stationary structure must meet a large number of requirements, then for access, for example, to an attic space, a simpler model can be made - an extension ladder. As a rule, such structures are made of wood and are very easy to assemble. How to choose the material and make such a staircase with your own hands will be discussed in this article.

Types of ladders

A simple design can be made in just a few hours

At their core, such designs are the simplest. For their manufacture, they usually buy aluminum, wood or stainless steel. However, such stairs can also be divided into several types. An extension ladder usually has an inclination angle of about 65-70⁰. This is quite a lot, so going up and down such stairs with a load will be difficult. There is also a folding type of staircase structure. It is good when you need to organize access to the attic space, but installing a stationary version of the staircase is impossible. This design can be moved from place to place or fixed in the attic hatch. And finally, the third type of ladders is retractable. It can have an optimal angle of inclination and consists of several sections fastened to each other.

Purpose of the design

As a rule, such structures are used where it is impossible to install a stationary staircase. This was mentioned above. There is such a staircase in almost every private house, since without it it is impossible to climb into hard-to-reach places. Considering that carrying heavy loads along it is not very convenient and safe, it is better to make a transforming ladder instead of such a design. However, it is extension stairs that are popular in country houses. Some people decide to purchase a ready-made structure made of aluminum pipes, but most people prefer to make it themselves. Moreover, the work is easy to implement and does not take too much time.

Important! Beginning craftsmen should not choose complex staircase designs, as a lack of experience may affect the quality of workmanship.

What materials and tools will be needed

Choose quality materials and dry wood

To make a ladder with your own hands, you need to buy:

Bars, the cross-section of which is 5x5 cm.
Beams with a section of 10x5 cm.
Edged board, its cross-section should be 10x2.5 cm.
Self-tapping screws.
Screwdriver.
Saw.
Antiseptic.
Rubber shoes for support.
Universal glue.
Roulette.

The wood must be smooth, without cracks or any distortions.

It is important that the wood has the same drying. You can use species such as pine or other conifers.

How to calculate

Get everything you need to get started

Before starting work, the material must be treated with an antiseptic. Depending on the height of the structure, it is necessary to take a beam of the appropriate section and saw it to size. These will be the sidewalls on which markings should be made for the steps, taking into account the width of the step. The markings should be made taking into account an outlet of 500 mm on both sides. That is, if the width of the stairs is 50 cm, then the markings should be 60 cm. This avoids cracking of the steps when they are fastened with self-tapping screws.

If the width of the staircase remains unchanged, cut steps from the corresponding boards, the width of which is 60 cm. Next, lay the bowstrings on a flat surface, while the distance between the sidewalls should be 50 cm. To avoid slanting the structure, using a cord or tape measure, compare the diagonals between opposite sides. They must be identical. All that remains is to secure the steps with self-tapping screws, having previously placed them on glue. You need 2 screws on each side. After the staircase is ready, it is necessary to cover the wood with drying oil.

For a more complete understanding of how to make such a staircase yourself, we recommend watching this video:

Making a wooden staircase yourself: video

As you can see, making an attached staircase structure is very simple, so even a novice carpenter can make it without much effort. Having spent a little time, effort and money, you will get a high-quality and practical ladder, which you cannot do without in your household.

When building a house with at least 2 floors, you definitely need to think about the stairs in it. And if the house is built with your own hands, it is logical to build the stairs as well.

Various photos of stairs help you make a preliminary choice and clearly understand what type of lift you need. But before you start carrying out the work, carefully calculate the future structure for strength and dimensions, this will save time and money, because incorrect calculations (or lack thereof) will lead to numerous alterations of the original project.

Types of stairs

There are a large number of different options for flights of stairs. They differ in the material of manufacture (wood, concrete or metal), the type of rise (sloping staircase, spiral staircase, with a turn at a certain degree).

The most common is a wooden staircase. Staircases are also often constructed with a 90-degree turn. It is not uncommon for these two types of lifting devices to be combined into one.

In case of limited space, make a spiral staircase from metal. The screw type of lift allows you to save space, and making it from metal increases the strength of the structure. Concrete is used for stairs in massive buildings (for example, mansions).

What to pay attention to

In a low-rise building, without any construction experience, it is better to order a modular staircase, a kind of construction set, where all the parts are cut out and numbered, and all you have to do is assemble them using the instructions. This is how wooden stairs are usually made.

When building a concrete staircase, in addition to pouring the frame, you will need to perform external finishing (with beautiful stone or wood materials). It turns out to be a double waste of time and money. However, for cottages with 3 or more floors, they are mandatory according to fire safety requirements.

When making a staircase for the first time, you don’t need to jump straight into a complex structure. The simpler the model, the more likely it is that you will be able to successfully build this lifting device on the first try.

Pay attention to the angle of inclination of the stairs: if it is more than 45 degrees, the ladder will be considered an extension, and you can only go down it backwards. The optimal elevation angle is considered to be 37 degrees.

Wood is preferable as a material for construction, since, thanks to its properties, it allows you to correct minor construction flaws that arose due to inaccurate calculations and inexperience of the work performer.

Also, after construction, the building may settle due to loose soil, as a result the staircase can become several centimeters higher or lower than the floor, and it is easier to correct this in a wooden structure.

When constructing a lift with a turn towards, the distance between spans must be at least 100 mm.

Construction stages

Answering the question of how to make a staircase to the second floor with your own hands, there are several stages of construction.

The first stage of any structure, be it a staircase into a house or an interfloor staircase, is the creation of a project. Particular attention should be paid to the safety of the building and its ease of use.

The structure must support the average weight of an ordinary person with a fair margin. Be sure to use railings!

If they are not there, another fence must be designed to ensure the safety of descent and ascent.

Consider creating a wooden staircase with stringers

After you have designed your building, you need to prepare the materials. In our case, choose boards of suitable thickness and length, prepare balusters with railings and prepare stringers. This will be the second stage of construction.

A 4 cm thick pine board is suitable as a material for stringers. On it, mark the steps according to the pattern and cut them out with a jigsaw.

Note!

We use the resulting product as a sample for the second (and if the width of the staircase is more than a meter, then the third) stringer. Let's cut the required number of steps to size.

The third stage will be assembling all the parts together. First of all, the stringers are installed in their permanent locations. Then, using self-tapping screws, the steps are attached to the stringers.

Then, using pins, balusters are placed on the steps, and handrails are attached to them. The staircase is ready!

DIY staircase photo

Note!

Types of ladders

Purpose of the design

Important! Beginning craftsmen should not choose complex staircase designs, as a lack of experience may affect the quality of workmanship.

What materials and tools will be needed

To make a ladder with your own hands, you need to buy:

Bars, the cross-section of which is 5x5 cm.
Beams with a section of 10x5 cm.
Edged board, its cross-section should be 10x2.5 cm.
Self-tapping screws.
Screwdriver.
Saw.
Antiseptic.
Rubber shoes for support.
Universal glue.
Roulette.

The wood must be smooth, without cracks or any distortions.

It is important that the wood has the same drying. You can use species such as pine or other conifers.

How to calculate

If the length of the staircase does not exceed 2 m, use a 5x5 cm beam. If the length is not higher than 3.5 m, you need a 10x2.5 cm beam, it must be placed on the edge. If the height of the staircase is more than 3.5 m, it is recommended to take a 10x5 cm beam. Measuring the height is very easy, just know the point where the upper edge of the structure should be located.

The maximum height of the stairs is no more than 5 meters!

Using a tape measure, measure the distance between the ground and this point. Another 35–50 cm should be added to the resulting figure, since the angle of inclination of the stairs must be taken into account. To calculate how much materials will be needed, you need to know the width of the structure (usually it is 40-60 cm) and the pitch - it is 25-35 cm.

Manufacturing instructions

For a more complete understanding of how to make such a staircase yourself, we recommend watching this video:

Making a wooden staircase yourself: video

Do-it-yourself wooden ladder: how to make it, drawing, etc.

Types of ladders, detailed instructions for making such a structure, as well as other useful information on the topic.

Do it yourself!

Do it yourself! Articles about what you can do with your own hands!

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The last notes

The simplest DIY wooden ladder

At the initial stage of construction of private houses and cottages, and sometimes in other unforeseen circumstances, it is necessary to quickly make an extension wooden ladder from scrap materials. In this case, what is required of the staircase is, first of all, its strength qualities, even to the detriment of its appearance.

To quickly manufacture a wooden ladder, standard softwood lumber (pine, spruce) of the following names is used:

To reduce the weight of the stairs and increase strength, it is desirable that the lumber be dry. In addition, it should not have knots, especially through ones, cross-layers and cracks.

For the steps we use an edged board with a cross-section of 100×25 mm, which makes it possible to secure it on each side with two nails or self-tapping screws (better).

For bowstrings - long side bars, we use, depending on the length of the stairs, the following lumber:

For staircase lengths up to 2 meters – timber 50×50 mm;
Up to 3.5 meters – 100×25 mm (per edge);
Up to 6 meters - 100×50 mm (per edge).

Determining the required length of a wooden ladder

Knowing the point where the top edge of the stairs should be, we measure the vertical distance to the floor (ground). Since the ladder is not placed vertically, but at an angle of 60-80 degrees, that is, it is, as it were, a hypotenuse, we add 30-50 cm to the measured value, depending on its length.

Stages of making a wooden ladder

Depending on the length of the stairs, we take 2 beams of the required section (see above) and saw them to size.
On the sidewalls cut to the required size, we make markings for the steps in increments of 30-40 cm.
It has been experimentally proven that in order to carry out any work on the stairs, its width must be at least 50 cm. This means that the length of the steps, taking into account the 5 cm release on each side, will be equal to 60 cm. This is done so as not to cracking of the ends of the steps occurred as a result of attaching them to the strings with nails or self-tapping screws.
If the width of the stairs is the same 50 cm (at the top and bottom), then from boards with a section of 100 × 25 mm we cut steps 60 cm long in the required quantity.
On level ground, lay the sidewalls (strings) parallel so that the distance between them is 50 cm.
To prevent the staircase from slanting, we use a cord or a batten to measure the diagonals between the opposite ends of the sidewalls - they must be equal. If not, then move the sidewalls to one side or the other, while maintaining a size of 50 cm between them.
Using nails, 2 on each side, 70 mm long, or self-tapping screws, we connect the steps to the sidewalls. The staircase is ready!
It is also recommended to cover the stairs with a compound to protect them from environmental influences so that the stairs will last longer on the farm.

Anyone can quickly make such a staircase, and a specialist spends 20 to 40 minutes on its manufacture, depending on the length. Long-term use of a wooden ladder can cause it to become loose. In this case, it is embroidered diagonally on the sidewalls with a piece of board.

Category: Tools
Tags: ladder

How to make a ladder with your own hands

A true home craftsman should know how to make the necessary ladder for the household with his own hands. This issue is especially relevant for owners of private houses and personal plots. In fact, there is nothing complicated about this and even a beginner can cope with the task, the main thing is to comply with the requirements for this type of product and not deviate from the technology of their manufacture.

Design Features

First of all, you need to better understand the design features and consider the basic requirements for ladders. In fact, they are the simplest type of product, and therefore it is quite easy to make them with your own hands. The design consists of two long planks connected by crossbar steps.

If you make two ladders and then connect them together, you get a stepladder.

The side support beams are called bowstrings; they support the entire structure and hold the crossbars together. The latter can be made in the form of slats of a smaller or the same cross-section, and steps can also be additionally strengthened on them for greater convenience.

A popular type of household ladder is a stepladder, consisting of two ladders

You can calculate the length of the side elements for a future staircase in this way: measure how high you need the product and add 30 cm to this figure. Please note that for wooden products the maximum height is 5 m. The step for steps is on average 25-30 cm. For To determine their quantity, the length of the bowstring must be divided by the distance between the crossbars.

A prerequisite for a durable structure is screeds. They are metal bolts and are installed in three or four places, depending on the size of the stairs: under the top and bottom rungs, as well as in the middle.

Required materials and tools

In order to make a wooden ladder with your own hands, you will need a certain set of tools and materials. First of all, prepare the following tools:

There are two product options: wooden or metal stairs. The first option is simpler and more accessible. There are certain requirements for the wood used. The main condition is that it should be minimally susceptible to external factors and strong enough to withstand the weight of a person. Usually the cheapest wood is used - pine or spruce, but this is not the best option. The ideal choice is oak or maple, but the cost of materials will be much higher.

To make an extension ladder it is not necessary to have professional tools

But for metal structures, aluminum or stainless steel is most often used. You can get by with ordinary metal, but this will significantly affect the weight of the product, and sooner or later it will be damaged by corrosion.

Wooden staircase

To make a wooden ladder with your own hands, you will need a minimum set of materials. For the side elements, beams with a thicker section are used. The optimal option is 40x50 mm for a standard three-meter structure. The steps can be made from planks 35x40 mm thick. Pay attention to the quality of the wood: it should be uniform, without damage or splinters. Before starting work, be sure to dry the boards.

The simplest version of a wooden ladder

First, process all the parts so that they become smooth and even. The edges of the sidewalls must be trimmed so that when installed on the ground, the degree of inclination is about 60 degrees. Such requirements for stairs are imposed for the convenience and safety of their use.

Then cut the timber for the rungs into sections of 40-60 cm, depending on the desired width of the stairs. Mark on the bowstrings the places where they are installed with the selected step. Using a chisel, you need to make spikes along the edges of the crossbars for future fastening to the sidewalls. Make grooves in the bowstrings. Their size should be only 2-3 mm larger than the studs for grip strength.

Clean the parts from dust and degrease the joints. Coat the spikes with glue and insert them into the first side panel. Then place the second string on the greased crossbars. Press the pieces tightly. For greater reliability, you can nail them. Don't forget to install the tie bolts.

Metal staircase

An unusual look at a ladder

Metal stairs are subject to similar requirements in terms of safety and the design itself. To make such a product with your own hands you will need one of these types of materials:

Crossbars can be attached in several ways. The most reliable is flaring: metal passes through metal, and the edges of the steps are bent from the outside. Iron elements can be welded together. Another method is to use mounting bolts. For greater reliability, you can combine different techniques. A significant disadvantage of welded iron structures is their high weight and the risk of weld fracture.

Protective treatment

In order for the staircase to serve you as long as possible, you need to take care of its additional processing. The requirements for this process are to prevent drying out and rotting of the wood, as well as corrosion of metal parts.

Wood products require mandatory additional processing

The wooden structure must be treated with antiseptic water-repellent impregnation. You can thoroughly coat it with drying oil, but painting such products is not recommended. If you decide to make an iron staircase with your own hands, you need to coat it with an anti-corrosion agent; painting of such products is allowed.

There are also requirements for supports. For convenience and safety, metal fasteners in the form of hooks can be made at the top of the structure, which will conveniently fix the position of the ladder during operation. And be sure to nail rubber pads to the bottom to protect the timber from deformation and the floor covering, as well as against slipping. If you plan to work on the ground, they can be replaced with metal spikes.

Making a ladder with your own hands is very simple. Don’t forget to check its strength and condition of the parts every six months.

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DIY extension ladder: wooden and metal

How to make an extension ladder yourself, what are the features of this design and what are the best materials to use.

What is good about a DIY wooden ladder

A wooden extension ladder has a simple design, so anyone can make it. The convenience of the ladder makes it an indispensable attribute of the household. And not only its static version, but also a mobile version. This model of a staircase is multi-tasking, as it can help you reach the roof, pick fruit in the garden, and come in handy for repairs.

Indispensable wooden extension ladder: device

The most common mobile version of a staircase is an extension staircase without its own support due to its simplicity of design, relative lightness and accessibility.

The wooden extension ladder can be used both indoors and outdoors

Such a staircase can be found on absolutely every site, since its design is elementary, and production does not require large investments:

Between two wooden supports, horizontal beams are installed to serve as steps.
The distance between the crossbars can be calculated individually for yourself by measuring the distance from the floor to the base of the knee, or you can place them 25-35 cm from each other, you can’t go wrong.

To give a certain stability, the ladder rests on any vertical plane at an angle from 70ᵒ to 80ᵒ.

Extension wooden ladder: dimensions

Before the actual process of creating an extension ladder, you need to think about its future length. The higher your ladder is, the more it will weigh, therefore, the harder it will be to carry and transport. The optimal length option is five meters. In this article, the recommended size will be 4600x500.

First, about the materials. In conditions of unprofessional production, the easiest way to use wooden beams of gymnosperms of coniferous trees (for this purpose, pine beams are most widespread and recognized).

Before making an attached wooden ladder, you should draw up a drawing of it on paper, indicating the dimensions of all elements

The wood itself must accordingly be free from chips, damage and branches. Otherwise, the staircase may last much less than planned, breaking, as always, at an inopportune and unexpected moment.

The bowstring is often made from bars 40x50 millimeters. The dimensions of the crossbars may be smaller, since, due to their short length, their strength is higher. So the most rational is 35x40 mm. The weight of the structure depends on the size of the beams: the larger the steps, the heavier the staircase, and vice versa. Among other things, you need to remember about the fastening elements of the structure: nails/tapping screws/screws and tie rods.

Simple DIY wooden ladder

There should be absolutely no difficulties with production, since the ability to use a saw will be more than enough. First you need to make drawings. Then, from pieces of wood with a larger cross-section, you need to cut two bowstrings of equal sizes. Beams of a smaller cross-section should be cut into pieces of half a meter on average, taking into account that they should be sufficient for the selected height. The edges of all parts should be rounded with sandpaper or another tool.

There are a wide variety of fastening options, but the simplest, most reliable and durable is fastening the crossbars on top of the bowstring. In this option, the beams are fastened with nails/screws/screws.

Before you start making a wooden staircase, you need to watch a video with a master class and study the recommendations of experts

After completing the main part of creating the staircase, it can already be used. For greater stability, you can improve the lower part of the bowstring support. To modernize it, it is enough to bevel the edges of the support at a certain angle or add beveled ones. To reduce slipping, the bottom is also covered with rubber, which will increase friction with the surface and add grip. If you plan to use the ladder on the ground, then it is necessary to add metal spikes to the lower edges, which will help sink the ladder into the ground and increase the fixation of the legs in place.

The coating of the wood surface must also be treated with care. For example, it is strictly not recommended to paint with oil paints, as they will make the steps slippery, which is life-threatening. It is allowed to cover with drying oil in several layers until completely painted over and subsequent treatment with transparent varnish. This kind of surface will protect the staircase materials from swelling and damage when exposed to precipitation. With the help of such simple steps, the life of the product will be maximum, and the wooden ladder will serve you faithfully for many years.

GOST requirements for wooden ladders

Often, for an extension ladder, people consider it sufficient to connect a pair of bars with shorter ones, which irreversibly leads to injuries and troubles. Operational properties can manifest themselves in very different moments, and therefore it is advisable, without putting yourself and your loved ones at risk, to adhere to generally accepted guidelines and rules. All the most important aspects of the manufacture and use of wooden ladders are written down in several regulatory documents, which can be read and taken into account below.

GOST 24258 – 88: Technical conditions for scaffolding and temporary structures.
POT RM-012-2000: Rules for labor protection during work at height (interindustry document).
SNiP 12 – 03 – 2001: Labor protection in construction. General provisions (part 1).
GOST 26887-86: Stairs and platforms used for installation and construction work.

In order for wooden stairs to be safe and durable, they must be manufactured in accordance with GOST

The top of the structure also needs to be equipped with fixed or removable hooks for greater fixation. The distance from beam to beam should vary from 290 to 350 mm. The cross-section of each beam is no less than 40x20. The diameter of the fastening bolts for long beams must exceed 2 mm.

These bolts must be installed under the first and last steps, and along the length of the entire structure at a distance not exceeding two meters.

In addition, it is worth knowing that existing cracks and other types of damage are allowed, but the largest size of the defect should not exceed 15 cm and the depth should not exceed 5 mm. Existing cracks that negatively affect the usable characteristics of the stairs are strictly prohibited. When using the product in production, it must be marked with the inventory number and the section number of the place where the ladder is fixed.

Do-it-yourself wooden ladder design (video)

As can be seen from the description above, making a wooden ladder with your own hands does not take too much effort and resources, due to its simplicity. The most important thing in this situation is not to move in the direction of least resistance, but to try to take into account all the obligations of correct manufacturing of the product: this way, complete safety is guaranteed with every climb, because the ladder should help in the household, and not add additional problems. If necessary, steps need to be repaired.

Do-it-yourself wooden ladder: make a wooden one according to GOST, drawings and dimensions, repair and production

An extension ladder made of wood, made with your own hands, is useful because... Doing without stairs in a country house is quite problematic. How to make a staircase yourself - further.

A wooden ladder is a very important and extremely necessary thing in the everyday life of any private home, dacha, or country cottage. There is no way to do without it in repair, construction, and landscaping matters. Of course, you can buy a metal staircase, but it is much more expensive than a wooden one. In many cases, the best solution to the problem will be the manufacture and installation of an attached model. If you choose the right materials, understand how to make a ladder with your own hands, follow the technology, it will be quite easy to implement the idea.

Strengths and weaknesses of wood

As a rule, wooden stairs are made from softwood. The most popular in this matter is pine. There are certain requirements for wooden beams, compliance with which will make it possible to make a high-quality staircase and extend its service life:

A do-it-yourself wooden ladder is made from even beams. They should not have cracks, knots, or cross-layers.
The selection of material directly depends on the height of the stepladder or ladder to be made. If the structure is planned to be at least three meters, then the craftsmen recommend choosing bars with a cross-section of 40X50 mm for it. If the stairs are higher, then 40x80 mm. The price of the latest building materials is almost half as much, but the staircase will be stronger from them.

Important! The steps of the stairs are also made from coniferous trees. Craftsmen usually choose for them a beam cross-section of approximately 35X40 mm.

Before you begin work on the manufacture of the structure, you should treat the beams with an antiseptic solution. It is better not to save on the purchase of this drug, because a staircase treated with an antiseptic will serve you much longer.

Design Features

First you need to understand the design features and understand the basic requirements that apply to ladders. In fact, this is the simplest type of product, and therefore it will be quite easy to make them yourself:

The design consists of two long planks that are connected to each other using crossbar steps.

Important! If you make two ladders and connect them together, you get a stepladder.

The supporting side beams are called bowstrings - they support the entire structure and hold the crossbars together. The latter can be made in the form of planks of the same or slightly smaller cross-section, and steps can also be additionally strengthened on them for greater convenience.

Important! You can calculate the length of the side elements for the stairs as follows: measure how high you want the product and add 30 cm to this figure. It is worth considering that for wooden products the maximum height is 5 meters. On average, the pitch of the steps is 25-30 cm. In order to determine their number, the length of the string must be divided by the distance between the rungs.

To make a durable structure, ties are a prerequisite. They are metal bolts that are installed in three or four places, depending on the size of the structure: under the lower and upper crossbars, as well as in the middle.

Required tools and materials

In order to make an extension ladder with your own hands, you will need a certain set of materials and tools. First of all, you need to prepare the following:

Hammer.
Axe.
Chisel and chisel.
Hacksaw.
Screwdrivers.
Plane.

Step-by-step instructions for making a wooden staircase

Perhaps our advice will be too broad, but we have prepared these instructions for beginners who have picked up tools for the first time and are trying to make a wooden ladder with their own hands for the first time.

Manufacturing of support beams (stair strings)

They must be the same length, for example, exactly five meters:

From one edge of each string, cut a piece of wood at an angle to create better grip on the ground - this will be the bottom of the ladder.
Now lay two beams on a flat surface so that there is a distance of approximately 65 cm between their lower ends (the width of the ladder at the bottom) and approximately 40 cm between the upper ends.

Important! It would be better to fix the bowstrings in this position in any convenient way.

Making “notches”:

Step back approximately 49 cm from the bottom of the stairs.
Place cross marks on the wooden beams every 30 cm - this will be the frequency of the installed steps.
Next, exactly according to the marks, make a cut to a depth of 2 cm.
Above the mark (5 cm), set the chisel at an angle of 30 degrees with the blade directed towards the mark.
Drive the blade a little at a time until it chips away at a piece of wood, creating a small step where the mark is.
This must be done with all the marks on the bowstring.

Important! It is advisable to treat the grooves with paint and varnish products in order to protect the product from corrosion.

We make steps

You will need wooden blocks approximately 60 cm long (then we will cut off the excess at the top of the stairs), with side parameters of approximately 40X25 mm.

Cut them with a hacksaw.

Important! There should be about 15 such steps for a structure 5 m high.

Installing stair steps:

The step is inserted into the groove we made on the bowstring, screwed with a screw or nailed to the main beam.
This must be done with all sawn steps.
After this, cut off the excess wood on the sides, because the stairs narrow at the top, and the beams 60 cm long will definitely be larger than the width of the stairs.

Installing couplers

If you want to install them, then you need to:

Drill 2 through holes with a diameter of 10 mm in the string under the upper and lower steps.
Insert the studs, put them on the washer and screw on 2 nuts on top, which need to be tightened together with wrenches.

Important! Requirements for DIY wooden ladders may vary, but many still prefer to wear so-called “safety boots.” These are rubber linings on the lower supports of the product. They prevent slipping on wet and hard surfaces, thereby ensuring the safety of the builder.

Finishing

Important! If the angle of use of the ladder is too large, then you need to use safety hooks. This could be a metal hook to the very top step.

Protective treatment of a wooden ladder

Although the product has a good appearance and durability, it will not remain that way for long if it is not protected with anti-corrosion mixtures. After a few months, bacteria begin to penetrate the fibers and cause wood rot, which can significantly reduce its strength and durability.

In order for a do-it-yourself wooden ladder to serve its owner for as long as possible, it should be treated with deep impregnations and varnished on top. A simple algorithm for implementing this task looks like this:

Open the product with impregnation, a thin layer. Wait approximately 1-2 hours until the material dries a little.
Apply a second layer of impregnation and wait about 2 more hours.
Open with varnish for the neatest appearance possible. The varnish adds shine.
Let the product stand for about a day and only after that you can use the ladder for its intended purpose.

We recommend reading these simple, but at the same time, useful tips for assembling an extended wooden ladder, which will help you avoid the main mistakes of beginners. By following the recommendations on how to make a ladder with your own hands without mistakes, you will be able to assemble a beautiful and reliable structure the first time, regardless of your construction skills.

Almost every private sector home has attached wooden staircase. Its practical application is undeniable justifies all costs.

Despite the fact that such a product is on the market, it is quite possible to make a ladder with your own hands.

Of course, working with wood is a painstaking task and requires certain tools. However, making an extension ladder at home does not require large financial costs and time.

In this case, the design will be reliable, safe, functional. Main, strictly follow the sequence of actions without violating technological process.

Types of ladders

A ladder is extremely necessary in a household. , marching, straight, half-turn, attached: the choice of design depends on the functional purpose, location, conditions its future operation.

Today there are several species ladders:

Pristavnaya, resting on the floor covering and on a vertical surface. While maintaining stability, the steps provide an opportunity to reach hard-to-reach places. Wherein important maintain the optimal tilt angle, the limits of which can vary from 60 before 75 degrees. Going up and down is a little difficult, but quite possible;
Folding, usually used in conditions where there is an attic space and the space limited. In this case, the staircase consists of several parts that are connected to each other articulated connection. This type of fastener allows you to fold the structure quickly and effortlessly;
Retractable- acts alternative variant of the previous model. Special grooves built into the bowstrings allow you to pull each one out separately. section. In this case, you can adjust the angle of inclination of the structure.

Material selection

Traditionally, wood is chosen for the production of an extension ladder. pine breeds Having selected the required amount of material, you should lay out workpiece, To have visual an idea of what the future product will look like.

Exists preparation feature material before starting to assemble the structure: wood should not be too fresh, but go through a preliminary stage of natural drying, which largely depends on the period of raw material procurement.

For example, wood laid to dry in April, must lie down from 30 before 60 days(the period is determined depending on the thickness of the lumber).

The tree itself "capricious" material and requires the right care. Sealed windows and heating have an adverse effect on products made from this material - the wood dries out. Experts advise making

Sami blanks Initially it is recommended to sand them, making them smooth, and then treat them with a special antiseptic, such as HMHA(fire-bioprotective preparation for wood) to eliminate the possibility of damage to the tree by harmful insects. Of course, these procedures can be carried out after the structure is assembled.

Required Tools

In the process of making stairs you may need the following:

Hammer;
Plane;
Chisel and chisel;
Hacksaw;
Drill.

Elements of an extension ladder

For manufacturing the design of an extension ladder will need to stock up on wooden beams with a cross-section of approximately 40*50 mm. It will be bowstring- the main load-bearing part of the future staircase.

For steps(crossbars) it is better to prepare a beam whose cross-section is 30*50 mm. The main requirement is that the raw material of all elements must be dried the same. Any connection can be used universal glue.

Previously should be calculated number of steps And distance between them. You shouldn't place them too much close or far. The convenience and comfort of descent and ascent depends on this. Optimal step size is 25-35 cm. For greater dimensional accuracy of all the necessary parts for the construction of an attached staircase, it is advisable to make a working drawing.

Important! The bottom of the staircase extension should be wider than the top. The classic width difference is 10 cm with a structure height of 5 m.

Making a ladder with your own hands

The manufacture of an attached staircase, just like the construction of any other, is a multi-stage process:

1. Small cross-section bars are used for manufacturing of crossbars. To do this, rectangular spikes are cut out at the ends of each block. Length the spikes should be equal to the width of the bowstring;
2. In the bowstrings sockets are drilled, the size of which must correspond to the parameters of the crossbar spikes. When assembling the structure, the spikes should fit into the holes as tightly as possible. This connection ensures reliable fastening;
3. Each spike must be miss adhesive;
4. The string is placed on a horizontal surface, where the structure is assembled.
  Step by step the entire number of crossbars is fixed;
5. During the assembly process, the spikes of the crossbars are inserted into the string on half length. Only after installing the next crossbar, the tenon of the previous one is driven completely into the groove;

If all the rules are followed and the dimensions are maintained, then additional fasteners during assembly not required. Although many still record each connection with nails;
The lower part of the bowstring is cut at an angle 35-40 degrees. This nuance makes it possible to ensure more reliable stability of the structure during installation. It is advisable to nail a rubber gasket onto the resulting cut for indoor work or a metal spike when installing the ladder on the ground;
The finished structure is coated with drying oil and any paint and varnish (you can read how and with what to paint a wooden staircase).

I would like to emphasize attention to the fact that the safe version of the ladder, according to GOST requirements, should not exceed five-meter height. If you plan to manufacture a higher structure, you should use wood of a larger cross-section 40*80mm.

In this case, the bars should not be with jagged. Cracks and irregularities in the material unacceptable. At all stages of manufacturing the structure should be used meter.

Advice! To make it more reliable, additionally secure several metal rods, which are located slightly above the crossbar.

The instructions for making a wooden ladder contain the following: video:

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