Official name of the country: Czech Republic. Czech Republic Czech

The number of foreign tourists who come to the Czech Republic is increasing every year. Many tourists who have visited the Czech Republic once return there again and again. People fall in love with this country at first sight, and this love can last a lifetime. Tourists come to the Czech Republic for the sake of unique historical and architectural monuments, magnificent nature, real Czech beer, balneological and ski resorts.

Czech geography

The Czech Republic is located in Central Europe. In the east, the Czech Republic borders on Slovakia, in the west - with Germany, in the south - with Austria, and in the north - with Poland. The total area of this country is 78,866 sq. km, and the total length of the state border is 2,310 km.

In the west of the country, in Bohemia, there are low mountains - the Krkonosze, which are structurally part of the Sudeten mountain range. It is in the Krkonoše that the highest Czech peak is located - Mount Sněžka (1,602 m). In the east of the country, in Moravia, the area is hilly with low mountains.

Several large rivers flow through the Czech Republic - Elbe, Vltava, Morava, and Odra. Several Czech rivers are an important part of the local national parks of the Krkonose, Sumava, Podija, and "Bohemian Switzerland".

Capital

The capital of the Czech Republic is Prague, which is now home to about 1.3 million people. Archaeologists believe that the first Slavic settlement on the territory of modern Prague appeared in the 6th century AD.

Official language

The official language in the Czech Republic is Czech, which belongs to the subgroup of West Slavic languages.

Religion

About 30% of the Czech population are Catholics (Roman Catholic Church). Another 2% of Czechs are Protestants, and over 32% of the Czech population do not believe in God.

State structure of the Czech Republic

According to the 1990 Constitution, the Czech Republic is a parliamentary republic in which the President is the formal head of state, but his powers are significantly limited. The Prime Minister has significant powers, however, he is appointed by the President and approved by the Parliament.

Legislative power is vested in a bicameral Parliament, consisting of Poslanecká sněmovna (200 members) and Senate (81 members).

Until 2013, the President of the Czech Republic was elected by the Parliament of the country, but now this is done by universal popular suffrage.

Climate and weather

The climate in the Czech Republic is temperate continental with rather hot summers and cold snowy winters. In the west of the country, the average annual air temperature is + 7C, and in southern Moravia - + 9C. In Prague, in July, the air temperature can reach + 33C, and in the west of the country in February, it can drop to -17C.

In winter, there is a lot of snow in the Czech mountains, which guarantees a long ski season.

Average air temperature in the Czech Republic:

January - -3C
February - -2C
March - + 3C<
April - + 8C
May - + 13С
June - + 16C
July - + 18C
August - + 17C
September - + 14C
October - + 8C
November - + 3C
December - -1С

Rivers and lakes

Several large rivers flow through the Czech Republic - Elbe, Vltava, Morava, and Odra. In addition, there are many natural small lakes in the Czech Republic, as well as about 150 artificial lakes.

History

Around the 4th century BC. Celtic tribes settled on the territory of modern Bohemia, but after a few centuries they were ousted by Germanic tribes. The Slavs appeared in Bohemia at the end of the 5th century A.D.

In the 9th century, the heyday of the Czech Republic begins, which is associated with the rule of the Přemyslid dynasty. The Czech state manages to practically maintain its independence, although it was in vassalage to the Holy Roman Empire.

In 1085, the Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV granted the Czech prince Vratislav the right to use the royal title. However, the independence of the Kingdom of Bohemia was proclaimed only in 1212.

From 1419 to 1436, the religious Hussite wars continued in the Czech Republic, as a result of which the Hussite religion was recognized by the Catholics as one of the religions in this country.

Since 1526, the Habsburgs became the kings of Bohemia, and thus this country became part of the Holy Roman Empire. By the way, the Czech Republic was part of Austria until 1918.

After the end of the First World War in October 1918, a single state was formed from the Czech Republic and Slovakia - Czechoslovakia.

As a result, the so-called. "Munich Agreement" in 1939 Czechoslovakia was occupied by German troops. The Germans turned the Czech Republic into the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia.

After the end of World War II, socialist Czechoslovakia was formed. In 1968, the Warsaw Pact countries were forced to send troops to Czechoslovakia to support the socialist system in it.

In November 1989, the so-called. The Velvet Revolution, which removed the Communist Party from power. Vaclav Havel became the President of Czechoslovakia.

On January 1, 1993, two new independent states appeared on the political map of the world - Slovakia and the Czech Republic.

In 1999, the Czech Republic became a member of the NATO military bloc, and in 2004 it was admitted to the EU.

Czech culture

Czechs are proud of their traditions, and they are carefully passed on from generation to generation. For example, in one of the Moravian villages of Vlčnové, the “Ride of Kings” holiday is still held every year, during which local boys and adolescents ride around on horses decorated with colorful ribbons. At the same time, the riders themselves are dressed in traditional folk costumes. The boy-king is guarded by two bodyguards with sabers.

The fact is that in the Middle Ages in Moravia (and in the vicinity of the village of Vlchnovo), local princes often traveled, who were real kings for the peasants.

Czechs love to celebrate Walpurgis Night (from April 30 to May 1). Sometimes the Czechs call this holiday “The Night of the Burning of Witches”. Of course, no one has burned witches in the Czech Republic for many centuries. Now, to support this ancient custom, Czechs set fire to a broom and throw it in the air (to see how witches used to fly in the air).

Czechs believe that treasures can be found at midnight on May 1. However, at this time, the forces of evil are capable of harming a person. Therefore, treasure seekers on the night of May 1 need to have a fern leaf on their head (face).

Czech cuisine

In recent years, in the Czech Republic, more attention has been paid to healthy eating and various new recipes. However, traditional Czech recipes are still very popular in the Czech Republic.

"Bramborová polévka" - potato soup;
"Zelná polévka" - sauerkraut soup;
"Kuřecí polévka" - chicken noodle soup;
"Hovězí guláš s knedlíkem" - beef goulash with dumplings;
"Pečené kuře s brambory" - fried chicken with potatoes;
"Knedlíky" - dumplings are made with a variety of fillings;
"Jablečný závin" - apple strudel;
Medovník "- a cake with honey.

The traditional Czech alcoholic drink is beer. As in some other European countries, beer in the Czech Republic began to be brewed in the early Middle Ages in monasteries. Now Czech beer is famous all over the world.

Attractions of the Czech Republic

For sightseeing lovers, the Czech Republic is the ideal country. There are many different sights in the Czech Republic, and it is difficult for us to choose the best ones. Nevertheless, in our opinion, the top ten attractions of the Czech Republic include the following:

Cities and resorts of the Czech Republic

The largest cities in the Czech Republic are Brno, Plzen, Ostrava, and, of course, Prague.

The Czech Republic is known for its ski resorts with well-developed skiing infrastructure. The most popular Czech ski resorts are Harrachov, Jablonec nad Jizerou, Rokytnice nad Jizerou, Spindleruv Mlyn, Pec pod Snezkou, Hruby Jesenik, Velké Losiny, Boží Dar, and Liberec. Due to the large amount of snow, the skiing season in the Czech Republic lasts from December to April.

Tourists come to the Czech Republic not only to admire the sights of this country and go skiing in local ski resorts. There are a large number of mineral springs in the Czech Republic, and, as a result, tourists come to this country very often for the sake of balneological resorts. Karlovy Vary has a reputation as a world-class spa resort.

Other popular Czech spa resorts are Marianske Lazne, Frantiskové Lazne, Jachymov, Teplice, Luhačovice, and Podebrady.

Souvenirs / shopping

Czech Republic - the most detailed information about the country with a photo. Attractions, cities of the Czech Republic, climate, geography, population and culture.

Czech Republic (Česká republika)

Czech Republic is a small state in Central Europe. This is one of the most distinctive and attractive for tourists EU countries with a rich history, many interesting sights, castles and cultural monuments. The Czech Republic borders Poland in the north, Germany in the west and north-west, Slovakia in the east, and Austria in the south. It is a parliamentary republic. The official language is Czech.

What comes to mind when we talk about the Czech Republic? These are the Gothic spiers of Prague and the streets of Prague, the ancient Charles Bridge over the Vltava, hundreds of castles and churches in cozy old towns, excellent beer and delicious food. All of this is true, but there is more. The Czech Republic is an atmosphere of calmness and quietness, hospitality and slowness of local residents, regularity of life, beautiful natural landscapes: unhurried rivers, fields and picturesque wooded hills. Interestingly, the country is also one of the safest in Europe and has one of the lowest levels of corruption.

The country is located almost in the center of the former Austria-Hungary - in the past it was one of the largest and most powerful states in Europe. The Czech Republic occupies the historical regions - Moravia, Bohemia and part of Silesia. The turbulent past has left a colossal historical legacy, and low prices for food and hotels make the Czech Republic one of the cheapest countries for tourists in Europe.

Helpful information

The official language is Czech.
Currency - Czech crown.
Visa - Schengen.
The capital is Prague.
Population - 10.5 million people.
Area - 78.9 thousand sq. km
The standard of living is high.
On the territory of the Czech Republic, Central European Time UTC +1 is in effect.
Traffic in the Czech Republic is right-hand. The speed of movement in settlements is limited to 50 km, outside the city - 90 km, on highways - 130 km. When driving on motorways, you need to buy a vignette. The use of alcohol by drivers is strictly prohibited. Car headlights must always be on. From November to the end of March, all cars must use winter tires.
High season - May, July, August. Low - January, February.
Shops are open from 9.00 to 17.00 on weekdays. In large cities, shops are open until 20.00 and even on weekends. Shopping centers and large supermarkets are open from 9.00 to 21.00. Museums and attractions are often closed on Sundays.
The kitchen in restaurants and cafes is usually open until 21.00 - 22.00. Gratuities are not included in the bill and are 5-10% of the bill.

Geography and nature

Despite its small size, the Czech Republic is a geographically diverse country. Here you can find mountains and hills covered with forests, fields and plains. The country is landlocked. The western and eastern parts are mostly hilly and mountainous. Central - predominantly hilly plain. The highest peak is Mount Snezhka (1602 m).

Several fairly large rivers flow through the territory of the Czech Republic - the Vltava, Odra, Laba, Morava. The nature of the Czech Republic is very picturesque - hills and low mountains, covered with deciduous and coniferous forests, interspersed with agricultural land. Castles and fortresses rise on high hills and rocks - a legacy of the past. Roe deer and deer graze in the fields, while running away it is only worth stopping.

Best time to visit

The Czech Republic can be visited all year round. The most comfortable time is from May to September. Atmospheric in the Czech Republic for the Christmas holidays. The lowest season lasts from January to March.

Climate

The climate of the Czech Republic is temperate, with warm, but not hot summers and rather mild winters. The four seasons are clearly outlined. Spring is cool with an average temperature of 8-12 degrees. The amount of precipitation is 150-200 mm. Summer is warm with a fairly comfortable temperature of 15-20 degrees. The heat does not happen often. But it is often cool. Therefore, when visiting the Czech Republic in the summer, we recommend taking light jackets with you. Most of the precipitation falls in summer. Autumn is warm enough with an average temperature of about 10 degrees. Winter lasts from December to February. The temperature is kept within zero degrees. There are both thaws and frosts.

Winter in the Czech mountains

History

The historical name of the Czech Republic is Bohemia. This area includes several historical regions - Bohemia, Moravia and part of Silesia.

Human settlements on the territory of the Czech Republic existed as far back as the Stone Age. At the beginning of our era, Germanic tribes lived here. The Slavs came to these lands in the 6th century. There is a well-known legend about three Slavic brother-leaders - Ruse, Lyakh and Chekh. Each of them became the founder of the people. Although the etymology of the name of the country and the people is still controversial among scientists.

The unification of the Czech Slavs and the creation of the Czech state date back to the 9-10th century. Initially, the center was Budech. In the 10th century, the center of the state moves towards modern Prague. At this time, the Vysehrad fortress and the Prague Castle were founded. Czechs were baptized in the 9th century.

The Czech principality gained independence under the first Přemyslids. From the 11th to the 14th century, Bohemia was ruled by Frankish emperors. In 1241, the united Czech army successfully repelled the invasion of the Mongols.

The main heyday of the Czech Republic and Prague in the Middle Ages fell on the time of the legendary King Charles IV. Karl not only expanded the Czech lands, but also developed agriculture and winemaking, began the construction of the famous bridge over the Vltava in Prague, founded the University, Karlštejn Castle, St. Vita. Charles also issued a law on succession to the throne - when the eldest son succeeds to the throne. A woman can become the head of state only if there are no male descendants.

The development of the Czech Republic was suspended in the 15th century. This process and the loss of independence was provoked by the Hussite movement, which arose in the early 15th century. Despite the fact that Jan Hus (one of their leaders) was burned as a heretic, the Hussite War broke out. After her, at first, the time of monarch-free reign came. Later, the Czech state lost its independence and became part of the possessions of the Habsburgs. Czechia remained under their control until 1918.

After the end of the First World War, the country gains independence. A new state is being formed - Czechoslovakia. Masaryk becomes the first president. Czechoslovakia existed until 1993.

In 1939, the country was occupied by German troops. Released in 1945 by the Red Army. After the war, the Czech Republic was part of the socialist camp under the influence of the USSR.

In 1989, after the Velvet Revolution, Soviet troops left the Czech Republic. In 1993, Czechoslovakia was peacefully divided into two independent states. Since 1999, the Czech Republic has become part of NATO, and since 2004 - into the EU.

Administrative division

The Czech Republic consists of a capital and 13 regions. The provinces are divided into districts (neighborhoods) and statutory cities (district centers).

Central Bohemia - includes the capital - Prague, Kutna Hora.
Western Bohemia (Pilsen and) is a wooded and mountainous territory, picturesque nature, resorts and excellent beer.
North Bohemia (Liberec and Usti nad Labem) is a mountainous and industrial region.
East Bohemia (Hradec Kralove and Pardubice) - the Krkonose mountain range and the highest peak in the Czech Republic - Mount Snezka.
South Bohemia (Ceske Budejovice) - hills and forests, the upper reaches of the Vltava.
North Moravia (Ostrava and) is an industrial region. Although here you can find beautiful nature and interesting sights.
South Moravia (Brno) - hills and forests, agricultural land and winemaking. These are the warmest regions of the Czech Republic.

Population

The population of the Czech Republic is over 10 million people. Given the area of the country, it can be classified as densely populated. About 95% of the population are ethnic Czechs. Large diasporas are Ukrainians, Russians, Slovaks, Vietnamese, Germans.

The official language is Czech, which belongs to the West Slavic group of languages. Czechs can easily understand Slovaks and vice versa. Also, the Czech language has common roots and words with other Slavic languages - Russian, Polish, Ukrainian. The Czech language has a lot of colorful words: lepidlo - glue, fly - stewardess, letadlo - airplane. The stress is almost always on the first syllable.

The Czechs themselves are calm, welcoming and polite people. They respect traditions, are judicious and unhurried.

Transport

Located practically in the center of Europe, the Czech Republic has good transport accessibility.

International airports are located in Prague (the largest in the country), Brno, Ostrava, Karlovy Vary and Pardubice.

The main means of transportation around the country are trains, buses and cars. It should be noted that the condition and quality of roads in the Czech Republic lags behind neighboring Austria and Germany. Although the country has highways that connect major cities and neighboring countries and run near Prague, Plzen, Brno and Ostrava.

Residence

Accommodation in the Czech Republic is much cheaper than, for example, in Germany, Austria. A double room in a three-star hotel with breakfast can be found for 30-50 euros even in Prague. Of course, it all depends on the location of the hotel (it is logical that the closer to the center, the more expensive), season, etc. Large cities usually have a wide range of accommodation options, from hostels to expensive hotels. It is better to take care of your stay during the high season in advance. Rooms in Czech hotels are usually reasonably clean and very basic.

Kitchen

Czech cuisine is very high in calories. Traditional dishes: voles (various soups), garlic (garlic soup), boar knee (pork), meat dishes (mainly pork, beef, chicken, duck) with dumplings, fish dishes (carp), fried cheese (Hermelin), seasonal vegetables (greens), potatoes (bramborac) and, of course, beer. In restaurants, food is usually prepared until 21.00-22.00. Gratuities are not included in the bill. If you liked the food and service, then you can leave 5-10% of the bill.

Beer is a separate pride of the Czech Republic and its main drink. It is one of the best in the world here. At the same time, beer is often the cheapest drink and is often cheaper than the same Coca-Cola. Beers of such brands as Krusovice, Budweiser, Pilsner, Radegast, Bernard, Gambrinus are brewed here. There are also a huge number of small breweries. Beer usually differentiates between light (lighter) and dark (tmave). Dark beer has a richer flavor.

Czech cities

The most popular and beautiful city in the Czech Republic is the capital - Prague. It is often called "the city of a hundred spiers" and "gold". Prague is located practically in the center of the Czech Republic. It is the largest city in the country. The historical center of the city is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List, and such sights as Charles Bridge, Prague Castle, Old Town Square and Tyn Church, Vysehrad are the real symbols of the country.

Brno

The second in importance and size is the capital of Moravia - Brno, which has a compact and beautiful old town and has long competed with Prague economically and culturally.

Nearby is the student town of Olomouc, which is often called "Little Prague". The city has remarkable architecture and many interesting sights (one of them is included in the UNESCO list).

To the north is the industrial capital of the Czech Republic and one of its largest cities - Ostrava.

Not far from Prague there is a small town of Kutná Hora with several famous sights (Kostnitsa, St. Barbara's Cathedral).

The famous Czech resort Karlovy Vary stands out in the west. And in the northwest - Liberec.

The main town in the south is České Budějovice with a wonderful old center. Not far from it is one of the most beautiful towns in the Czech Republic - the old town of which is included in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

Attractions of the Czech Republic

The Czech Republic is a country rich in sights and monuments of history and culture. Despite their turbulent past, Czechs have managed to preserve their historical heritage.

The list of interesting sights of the Czech Republic can take a whole book, so we will limit ourselves to the most iconic ones.

In Prague, the most famous landmarks are Charles Bridge, Prague Castle, Old Town Square and Vysehrad.

In Kutná Hora, UNESCO sites: the beautiful Gothic cathedral of St. Barbarians and the gloomy Ossuary.

In Olomouc, it is one of the most significant monuments of the Czech Baroque, the Column of the Holy Trinity.

One big attraction is the town of Cesky Krumlov in the south of the Czech Republic.

Among the natural beauties, the Bohemian Paradise Reserve, the Krkonose and Sumava National Parks, and the Macocha Gorge occupy a prominent place.

There are many beautiful castles on the territory of Chekhov. Here, near every ancient town, mighty fortresses or romantic ruins rise. Many castles are perfectly preserved and can tell us a lot about the history and culture of the past.

Prague Castle
Karlstein
Pernstein
Loket
Hluboka nad Vltavou
Blatna
Bouzov
Orlik nad Vltavou
Zvikov
Kokorzhin
Krivoklat
Miller
Mikulov

Parliamentary republic The president
Prime Minister Vaclav Klaus
Jan Fischer Territory
Total
% water surface 114th in the world
78 866 km²
2 Population
Total ()
Density 79th in the world
10 403 100 people
129 people / km² Gdp
Total ()
Per capita 41st in the world
211.698 billion
20 606 Currency Czech crown
(CZK, code 203) Internet domain Telephone code +420 Timezone UTC +1

History

The Czech lands have been known since the end of the 9th century, when they were united by the Přemyslids. The Kingdom of Bohemia had considerable power, but religious conflicts (the Hussite Wars in the 15th century and the Thirty Years' War in the 17th century) devastated it. Later it fell under the influence of the Habsburgs and became part of Austria-Hungary.

As a result of the collapse of this state after the First World War, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Subcarpathian Rus united and formed the independent republic of Czechoslovakia in 1918. A fairly large ethnic German minority lived in this country, which was the reason for the dissolution of Czechoslovakia, when Germany achieved the annexation of the Sudetenland as a result of the Munich Agreement of 1938, which led to the separation of Slovakia. The remaining Czech state was occupied by Germany in (Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia).

Attractions of the Czech Republic

Main article: Attractions of the Czech Republic

Political structure

Main article: Political structure of the Czech Republic

According to the Constitution, the Czech Republic is a parliamentary democracy. The head of state (president) is indirectly elected every five years by parliament. The President has been given special powers: to propose judges of the Constitutional Court, to dissolve parliament under certain conditions, to veto laws. He also appoints the Prime Minister, who sets the direction of domestic and foreign policy, as well as other members of the government cabinet on the proposal of the Prime Minister.

Among all the post-communist states, the Czech Republic has one of the most stable and successful economic systems. It is based on industry (mechanical engineering, electrical engineering and electronics, chemistry, food processing and ferrous metallurgy) and the service sector. The share of agriculture, forestry and mining is insignificant and continues to decline.

The monetary unit of the Czech Republic is the crown (1 crown = 100 hellers), which has been fully convertible since 1995. Unlike almost all other post-communist countries, the Czech Republic managed to avoid hyperinflation and sharp devaluations of the national currency. After some weakening of the crown in the late 90s. to date, its rate against major world currencies has grown significantly.

Following the initial difficulties caused by the collapse of the CMEA, the division of the country and the change in the structure of the economy, and the subsequent growth of the Czech economy in 1997-1998. experienced a certain crisis, from which it began to get out only from the middle of 1999. The result was an increase in foreign debt and a jump in unemployment. The crisis was overcome by increasing exports to market economy countries, primarily the European Union (and within its framework - Germany), attracting foreign investment and increasing domestic consumption. After joining the EU in May 2004, the Czech Republic's economic growth accelerated noticeably and, despite the largely populist economic policies of several Social Democratic governments, reached 6-7% per year. The share of industry in GDP, which reached 62% by 1990, which was reduced by half at first, is now growing and reaches 38%, which is a rather rare phenomenon among developed countries. Ferrous metallurgy and the military industry lost their importance due to the automotive and electrical industries, thanks to the development of which, since 2004, the Czech Republic has a positive foreign trade balance, despite the rapid rise in prices for imported energy resources (oil and gas). In terms of foreign trade per capita, the country is one of the leaders, ahead of such countries as Japan, Great Britain, France or Italy.

Population

Consulate General building in St. Petersburg

The bulk of the population of the Czech Republic (95%) is made up of ethnic Czechs and speakers of the Czech language, which belongs to the group of West Slavic languages. Foreigners make up about 4% of the country's population. Among immigrants, the largest diaspora in the Czech Republic is made up of Ukrainians, of whom 126,500 lived in the country at the end of 2007. Slovaks are in second place (67,880), many of whom remained in the Czech Republic after the separation in 1993 and make up approximately 2% of the population. In third place are Vietnamese citizens (51,000). They are followed by citizens of Russia (23,300) and Poland (20,600). Other ethnic groups include Germans, Roma, Hungarians, and Jews. The border between the Czech Republic and Slovakia is open to citizens of the former Czechoslovakia.

By language, the Czechs belong to the West Slavic peoples. The early works of Czech writing of the 13th-14th centuries were based on the language of central Bohemia. But as the influence of the Catholic Church, German feudal lords and patriciates of cities increased in the country, the Czech language began to be oppressed in favor of the German and Latin languages. But during the Hussite wars, literacy and the literary Czech language became widespread among the masses. Then came a two-century decline of Czech culture under the rule of the Habsburgs, who pursued a policy of Germanizing the subordinate Slavic peoples (by the middle of the 19th century, Czech was spoken by 15% of the population, the possibility of taking one of the Slavic languages, in particular the Russian literary language, was considered as a literary language). The Czech language began to revive only at the end of the 18th century, its basis was the literary language of the 16th century, which explains the presence in the modern Czech language of many archaisms, in contrast to the living spoken language. The spoken language is divided into several groups of dialects: Czech, Middle Moravian and East Moravian.

The Czech Republic is one of the densely populated states. The average population density is 130 people. for 1 sq. km. The distribution of the population on the territory of the republic is relatively even. The most densely populated are the areas of large urban agglomerations - Prague, Brno, Ostrava, Pilsen (up to 250 people per 1 sq. Km). The regions of Cesky Krumlov and Prachatice have the lowest population density (about 37 people per 1 sq. Km). As of 1991, there were 5,479 settlements in the Czech Republic. The Czech Republic belongs to highly urbanized countries: about 71% of the population lives in cities and urban settlements, while more than 50% - in cities with a population of over 20 thousand inhabitants, the share of the rural population continues to decline. The only metropolis in the Czech Republic is Prague, which has a permanent population of 1,188 thousand inhabitants (as of 31.12.2006; the population of Prague has been slowly decreasing since 1985). As of 2006, the Czech Republic has 5 cities with a population of more than 100,000 inhabitants (Prague, Brno, Ostrava, Plzen, Olomouc), 17 cities with a population of more than 50,000 inhabitants and 44 - more than 20,000 inhabitants.

The total population of the Czech Republic, having reached a post-war maximum in 1991 - 10,302 thousand people - later slowly decreased until 2003, when it amounted to just over 10,200 thousand people, but since then there has been a slight increase to 10,280 thousand. people - mainly due to an increase in the flow of migrants (primarily from Ukraine, Slovakia, Vietnam, Russia, Poland and the countries of the former Yugoslavia). The natural population growth was negative in the period 1994-2005, in 2006 there is some positive growth due to an increase in the birth rate and a decrease in mortality. At the same time, the level of female fertility is still deeply insufficient for the reproduction of the population (about 1.2 children per 1 woman of reproductive age). In recent years, the Czech Republic has become one of the countries with a minimum infant mortality rate (less than 4 people per 1000 births). Since 1990, there has been a steady decline in the number of abortions and induced abortions in the Czech Republic.

Most of the population - 71.2% - is of a productive age (15 to 65), with 14.4% of Czech citizens under 15 and 14.5% over 65. In the productive age, the number of men slightly exceeds the number of women, however, in the postproductive age, women predominate (there is one man for every two women). The average age of the Czech population is 39.3 years (women - 41.1 years, men - 37.5 years). The average life expectancy is 72.9 years for men and 79.7 years for women (as of 2006).

Most of the adult population is married, although the proportion of single people is relatively high: one in five men and one in eight women are unmarried. Currently, men marry at 28, women at 26, which is close to the European trend (for comparison: in 1993 these figures were 23 and 19, respectively). The first child appears in the family most often within 6 months after the wedding. Czech families are characterized by a high divorce rate. Currently, almost every second marriage ends in divorce, as a result of which almost 80% of all children under the age of 15 live in single-parent families. The average family size has decreased over the past 30 years from 3.5 to 2.2 people.

The economically active population is 51.5% of the total. A specific feature of the Czech Republic among other countries is the high employment rate of women, who make up about 48% of the total economically active population. Most women work in the service industries - health care, education, trade and catering. Most women work out of economic necessity in order to maintain the standard of living of the family. The unemployment rate is 7.3% (November 2006), which is higher than in 1990-1997. (3-5%), but noticeably less than in 1999-2004. (up to 10.5%).

A significant part of Czechs live outside the Czech Republic - in Austria, Germany, USA, Canada, Australia and other countries. This is the result of economic migration in search of earnings, which took on noticeable proportions in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and political emigration after the political coup of 1948 and the occupation of 1968.

There is practically no illiteracy in the Czech Republic (it is rarely found among the older Roma). A high literacy rate was typical for Czechs even during the First Republic (1918-1938): at that time, about 95% of all residents had a basic education. In recent years, the level of education has increased markedly. Every third economically active resident of the Czech Republic has completed secondary education (corresponds to the level of 12-13 years of study), and every tenth citizen of the Czech Republic has or is receiving a higher education. The typical worker has at least intermediate vocational training. High qualification of Czech workers is one of the main advantages of the Czech economy. So far, the country lags behind the most developed European countries in terms of the share of the population with completed secondary and higher education.

Culture

Orlik castle

Main article: Czech culture

Famous people of the Czech Republic
Czech music
Czech cinema
Czech literature

Humanitarian organizations

Czech Red Cross(Czech Český červený kříž, English Czech Red Cross)

The Czech Red Cross (ČKK) is a humanitarian organization operating throughout the Czech Republic. In its activities, the ChKK focuses on humanitarian issues and the provision of medical and social assistance to the population.

Currently, the number of members of the ChKK reaches 70381 people working in 1712 local organizations.

The Czech Red Cross is the only internationally recognized National Red Cross Society in the Czech Republic that is recognized by the state. In accordance with the Geneva Conventions, the CCC provides assistance and support to the medical services of the armed forces.

The status of the CKK and its objectives are regulated by the Law on the Protection of the Emblem and Name of the Czech Red Cross and on the Czechoslovak Red Cross (Act No. 126/1992).

On August 26, 1993, the CCC was recognized by the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and on October 25, 1993, admitted to the membership of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC).

The Czech Red Cross continues the activities of its predecessors - the Patriotic Society for Aid in the Czech Kingdom (founded on September 5, 1868) and the Czechoslovak Red Cross (founded on February 6, 1919).

As an independent organization of the CKK, after the division of the Czechoslovak Red Cross, it was registered by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Czech Republic on June 10, 1993 (Ministerstvo vnitra ČR dne 10.6.1993 pod čj. VS / 1-20998 / 93-R)

Notes (edit)

Links

Information

Official Portal of the Czech Republic (Russian) (Czech) (English) (German) (French) (Spanish)
Official portal of the government of the Czech Republic (Czech)
Official website of the President of the Czech Republic (Czech) (English)
Official website of the Chamber of Deputies of the Chechen Republic (Czech) (English)
Official website of the Senate of the Czech Republic (Czech) (English)
Train and bus timetables (Czech) (English) (German)
Embassy of the Czech Republic in Moscow (Russian) (English)

The Czech Republic is one of the most interesting tourist destinations in Europe. The average income from tourism here reaches 5.5% of GDP, and it is not surprising - a huge number of cultural and historical monuments of different eras are located on a relatively small territory here.

From time immemorial, the country lay at the crossroads of trade routes, which allowed it to absorb a great variety of unique traditions, the brightness and uniqueness of musical schools.

Amazing nature and mild continental climate make it possible to find here thousands of opportunities for an unforgettable vacation.

Capital	Prague
Population	10 532 770 people

Population density	133 people / km²

Religion	Catholicism
Form of government	parliamentary republic
	Czech crown
Timezone	UTC + 1, in summer UTC + 2
International dialing code
Domain zone on the Internet
Electricity	220V. European type sockets, adapter required.

Climate and weather

As in any other country located in the center of Europe, the climate in the Czech Republic is moderate. Light frosts are possible only in winter. Little snow falls, which will guarantee the absence of slush in the off-season. However, there will be plenty of snowdrifts in the mountains for winter sports - in ski resorts, the snow lasts for about six months. Summer in the Czech Republic is usually warm.

Nature

The nature of the Czech Republic will easily surprise even a sophisticated tourist with its incredible diversity. The borders of the country are represented by a chain of impenetrable mountain ranges. Traveling deep into the Czech Republic, one can observe mountain passes of unique beauty, alternating with vineyards, and endless meadows with crystal lakes. In a word, the Czech Republic is ideal for lovers of sweet romance.

sights

The sights of the Czech Republic are really varied. It is not surprising that it is one of the ten most visited countries in the world. There is everything that the soul of an inquisitive tourist can strive for: ancient cities with memorable architecture, magnificent nature, reserves and unique healing springs ... It is pointless to list all the sights of this country - it can take several days. Let's try to briefly highlight the most popular ones.

Prague... The capital of the Czech Republic has every right to be called the main attraction of this country, because it is the most beautiful city in the world. " Old city"- the most attractive sector of the capital for tourists. It is in it that most of the attractions are located, the most popular of which are:

Prague Castle,
Jewish quarter,
Zlata duck
St. Vitus Cathedral,
astronomical clock in the town hall.

Kutna Hora Is another city on the must-visit list. When locals say "Kutna gora", they primarily mean All Saints Church... In this peculiar church, the symbol of the city, the remains of about 40 thousand people have been preserved.

When choosing a tour to this country, do not forget about Brno! It is the second largest city in the Czech Republic, the main attraction of which is St. John's Church... This ancient building is remarkable in that it houses an ancient, but still noteworthy organ. The painted ceilings of the church are still a unique feature of the church. In addition to the above-mentioned church, it is worth visiting the Cathedral of St. Peter and Paul, Capuchin Square, Old Town Hall and Spielberg.

Karlovy Vary- a world famous spa, where for many centuries the whole Czech nobility improved their health. There are also two large factories - Jan Becher and Krusovice. Is it worth presenting the drinks they produce - Karlovska Becherovka and the delicious beer Krusovice?

Food

There is so much to try in the Czech Republic! Czech cuisine is really hearty and very varied. In a whole network of restaurants nestled along the cobbled streets of Prague, you are sure to find a dish that will suit your taste. These are various sorts of fried meat, and aromatic sausages, and liver pates that melt in your mouth ... The Czech menu also includes baked fish and juicy vegetable salads. Does it make sense to talk about the famous Czech beer? This national intoxicating drink is worth highlighting in order to maximize this topic.

Residence

Like any other country open to tourists, the Czech Republic can offer a huge selection of a wide variety of hotels. From the heart of the country, Prague, to the very borders, a whole network is stretched hotels, hotel complexes, as well as villas and apartments suitable for rent. By the way, rental accommodation is considered the most acceptable for tourists. Many travel companies offer a wide range of services for booking both small provincial houses and luxury apartments in the center of the capital. Walls steeped in history tell you more than tidy, freshly painted and well-groomed hotel rooms.

Entertainment and recreation

Agritourism... This type of entertainment was born relatively recently, but has already gained enviable popularity among sophisticated and not so tourists. In the Czech Republic, only foreigners adhere to the strategy of recreation on farms, among whom houses on the border area with Austria and Germany are in greater demand.

By the way, Czech farmers make every effort to make such a vacation as comfortable and interesting as possible. Fishing, camping, hiking or horseback riding ... There are even superior farms with tennis courts, their own golf courses and other activities unusual for the province.

Water tourism... The Czech Republic also has great water activities. Rich in deep crystal clear lakes, it will allow you to go sailing, go boating, rafting, canoeing, water skiing and even plunge into the world of windsurfing. In addition, the Czech Republic is a true paradise for fishing enthusiasts. There are enough rivers and lakes in the country that are ideal for professional fishing.

Children's rest... The Prague Zoo is the most popular among the youngest tourists. The institution is located in one of the most prestigious areas of Prague - in Three... Here, wildlife lovers will be able to observe animals exotic for this area. Elephants and hippos, tigers and cheetahs, sea seals and giant turtles, giraffes and other equally amazing species are presented behind an ornate fence Prague Zoo.

Winter activities Is a real pearl in the sea of what tour operators can offer you here. In the Czech Republic, there is an amazing number of sports centers that can provide you with the opportunity to try yourself in skiing, snowboarding. The most popular ski resorts in the Czech Republic today are Spindleruv, Krkonose, Harrachov and Mlyn.

Purchases

When traveling to the Czech Republic, do not forget to calculate your budget for your shopping trips. This truly amazing country can offer you a really wide selection of high-end boutiques and branded clothing stores. Fans of "wild" shopping will appreciate the whole network of discounters with European perfumery and cosmetics. In addition, the country still has small and cozy shops, coffee houses and bakeries that attract with their national flavor.

Traditional souvenirs for tourists are considered to be bohemian crystal, lace, beer mugs, embroidered clothes.

Transport

The most affordable and easiest way to get to the desired place here is to take an international or intercity bus and get poisoned on the way. However, it is worth noting that European public transport is expensive. By the way, a bus trip from Prague to Brno will cost 5.4 € and take no more than two hours. The same route by train it costs a little more - 6.2 € and will take more time - from three hours.

You can order a bus or train ticket via the Internet on specialized sites.

Taxi in the Czech Republic free, from 5 € for 1 km and another 10 € the taxi driver will take for boarding.

Connection

Mobile communication in the Czech Republic is no less accessible than in the CIS countries. Cooperation with a mobile operator will be optimal for tourists. Vodafone... You can buy a SIM card with a balance of CZK 200 for about € 8 at any newsstand.

Note that other operators offer a wider range of services and provide better service, but have a fairly aggressive price.

Safety

Anyone, especially novice tourists, should pay attention to the fact that money, valuables and documents should be kept in a hotel safe or in a proper bank branch. Despite the fact that the Czech Republic is a safe country, cases of robbery are still possible in it. As a rule, gypsies and laborers are involved in such an illegal business. In order to protect yourself from such precedents, avoid night walks in the gypsy quarters, and carry photocopies of securities and documents with you.

As a reminder, medical and property insurance is mandatory for every tourist entering the country.

Business climate

Modern economic policy in the EU countries involves state intervention in the market environment. It is generally accepted that this contributes to the economic growth of the country. The conditions for business development in the Czech Republic are quite favorable, since the government is pursuing a completely adequate policy that does not impede the emergence of entrepreneurship. One of the most attractive advantages for Czech businessmen is the minimum of bureaucracy. Reducing taxes for owners of growing small businesses is another indisputable advantage in this market segment.

Real estate

Real estate in the Czech Republic has become quite attractive for permanent investments. By the way, the cost of a new well-equipped one-bedroom apartment near the center of Prague ranges from 55 to 130 thousand €. Provincial real estate costs a little less, by about 5 thousand €. It is noteworthy that utility bills in the Czech Republic are cheaper than in the CIS countries.

When buying expensive souvenirs, keep the receipts you will need when crossing the border to prove that you are not exporting antiques.
The good news will be the fact that if you buy more than 100 € in Tax-free Shopping supermarkets, you can get back up to 22% of the amount spent.
Tipping in the Czech Republic is customary to leave generous - from 10% of the total.

Visa information

The Czech Republic is a member of the Schengen countries. If you have a valid Schengen visa on the pages of your passport, you can cross the borders of the country by any type of transport without any obstacles.

Visas to the Czech Republic are divided into three main types: transit, long-term and short-term. A transit visa is issued to people whose purpose is to visit a certain country, which can only be reached through the territory of the Czech Republic. A long-term visa will be required if your task is to stay in the country for a long time. A short-term visa is the best option for tourist trips.

The package of documents for applying for a visa is standard, but its submission is carried out only by appointment. The visa processing time is about five working days.

The Embassy of the Czech Republic can be found at: 123056, Moscow, st. Yu.Fuchika, 12/14.

Czech Republic is a Slavic state in Central Europe. It took shape within its present-day borders in 1993 as a result of the so-called Velvet Divorce - the peaceful disintegration of the federal republic of Czechoslovakia into two states - western (Czech Republic) and eastern (Slovakia). The capital city is Prague.

The main river artery of the country is the Vltava. The state borders on Germany, Poland, Hungary, Austria and Slovakia. It has no outlet to the sea. Due to the large number of explored ore minerals - coal, iron, this area of Europe has been the most industrially developed in all centuries. And even now it is one of the most politically stable countries of the European Union.

The area in the basins of the Vltava and Morava rivers is most favorable for life due to its natural conditions, due to the fact that it is quite vast, but at the same time it is surrounded on all sides by mountains that protect it from harsh winds.

The climate is temperate continental - summers are not hot and long, winters are mild and short. At the same time, the amount of snow falling in the mountains is sufficient for the operation of ski resorts.

The territory of the modern state has been inhabited since time immemorial.

Its first inhabitants were the Celts, then they were ousted by the West Slavic tribes, who founded the state of Great Moravia in the 10th century.
Since 1135, the kingdom under the name Bohemia became part of the Holy Roman Empire - the prototype of the European Union, and from 1806 to 1918 it was under the protectorate of Austria-Hungary. This greatly influenced her appearance, she is very similar to Germany, which was especially facilitated by the ruling elite. But at the level of commoners, the Slavic mentality, language and way of life, including cuisine, have been preserved.

Imagine that there are only 25 cities in a country with a population of over 40,000. In general, the population here is slightly more than 10 million

Having visited this country, you will see medieval knight's castles, Gothic cathedrals with sharp spiers, vast national parks with virgin nature. You can go skiing or improve your health at the balneological resorts. Everywhere you will be surrounded by the invariable German order and true Slavic hospitality and cordiality.

The country is beautiful both in winter and summer. However, with to, you will have more opportunities to get to know the country. Indeed, in winter, some of the ancient castles are closed, as are the tourist routes in the national parks.

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Cities from which tourists are blown away

It is a densely populated country with a predominantly urban population. Traveling between the main urban agglomerations, you can explore the whole of it along the way. After all, by Russian standards, it is tiny - 90 kilometers from Prague to the northern border, and 180 kilometers to the southern one.

Prague

The capital of the state. Located in the center of the historical region of Bohemia, on the banks of the Vltava River. It was first mentioned in the chronicles of the 6th century. In the Middle Ages, it competed with Paris for the title of the capital of Europe. The list of its attractions is very wide, often the whole trip can be limited to acquaintance with Prague.

You should definitely see Prague Castle - the historical center and the largest castle in the world. This is a complex of fortifications, temples and administrative buildings - it houses the residence of the president of the republic. Its architectural dominant is the Cathedral of St. Vitus - the pearl of European Gothic, which began to be built in 1344. The center of the old town is the Old Town Square - a great place for walking at any time of the year.

The hallmark of Prague is the Charles Bridge, 520 meters long, connecting the banks of the Vltava, as well as the Old Town and the Lesser Prague Castle. Construction began in 1347. Now it has been turned into a pedestrian zone. They sell souvenirs, artists work, amateur musicians perform.

Ceske Budejovice

A large administrative center (the capital of the South Bohemian Region) and a transport hub 140 kilometers south of Prague. Founded in 1265 at the confluence of the Vltava and Malshe rivers. The historic center of the city has the appearance of a classic European city of the 18th century.

One tower, the Iron Maiden, and part of the fortress wall have survived from the medieval fortifications. The symbol of the city is the Black Tower in the central square, decorated with the Samson fountain in the Baroque style. The writer Jaroslav Hasek lived there.

The city can be part of a so-called beer tour of the country, as it produces beer from the famous Budweiser brand. The adornment of this place is the snow-white Hluboka castle. It is located five kilometers to the north, on a high cliff. The beginning of its construction dates back to the middle of the 13th century, but as a result of numerous reconstructions it looks like a royal castle from the fairy tale "Cinderella".

Things to do

Tripster - craft excursions from locals.

Sputnik and Weatlas - excursions from professional guides.

Czech krumlov

A memorial city in the south of the country, one hundred and seventy kilometers from Prague. Its historical center, which has preserved its appearance since the 18th century, is classified by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. The first mention of it in chronicles dates back to 1240.

Krumlov Castle, built on a rocky promontory washed by the Vltava River, the second largest in the country. Its area is 10 hectares. It was built from the XIV to the XVIII centuries, it organically combines two styles - Gothic and Baroque. Its special attraction is the Cloak Bridge. This is a three-story gallery that connects the residential part of the castle with the theater, a unique structure whose stage surrounds a revolving auditorium. All mechanisms have been preserved since 1766.

Pilsen

The country is famous for its beer, and this city is considered its beer capital. Pilsner has been brewed in it since the day it was founded. It is located 70 kilometers southwest of Prague. Founded in 1295, but unique in that it has never been a fortified city. It was built according to a single plan, all the streets of its historic center intersect at right angles. The city square is the largest in Western Europe.

The prefix "most" refers to many buildings in the city. For example, the spire of the Gothic cathedral of St. Bartholomew's height is 102 meters. Even in Prague there are none. There is an observation deck on the tower of the cathedral. But no less interesting is the Pilsen underground, open for inspection from to. It is a 19 km long medieval labyrinth of corridors and cellars.

The city has a brewery museum, as well as many beer bars and cafes. Don't forget to visit the Pilsen Zoo. It is huge - 20 hectares. Animals walk there in open-air cages that look more like parks. All kinds of animals from all over the world are represented.

Kutná Hora

It is located 70 kilometers east of Prague. Founded in the 13th century, it was the center of silver mining in Europe. The town is small - today the population is 20 thousand people, but it is very cozy and beautiful. Its main attraction is the Gothic Cathedral of St. Barbara, which was built for a century and a half and ended in 1547. Next to it there is a museum of silversmithing. On the same theme, you can visit the old silver mine.

The city center is classified by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site, a walk through it will be interesting and memorable. But a special feature of the city is the so-called Ossuary in Sedlec (one of its districts). This is a Gothic cathedral built on the site of a cemetery. It is "adorned" with human bones extracted from graves in order to free up space. The spectacle is surreal, it is not designed for the faint of heart.

Telc

Museum town to the east in the historical region of Moravia. It is located 150 km south-east of Prague. It was first mentioned in chronicles in 1333, when Margrave Charles of Luxembourg bought Telc Castle. However, the settlement was founded in 1099. The entire historical center of the city is built up with authentic three-storey houses of the 16th century, which have been preserved unchanged. Therefore, it is classified by UNESCO as a historical heritage site. It is surrounded by canals and reservoirs, for which it is called the Moravian Venice. It is interesting to see the castle built in the 16th century. This is one of the most visited tourist destinations in the Czech region of Vysočina.

If you suddenly wanted to go to nature

Despite the high population density and developed industry, there are many corners of virgin nature left in the country, a visit to which is no less interesting than contemplating historical artifacts.

Bohemian Switzerland

A nature reserve 70 kilometers north of Prague, on the border with Saxony (the second part of the park is called Saxon Switzerland). In this place, high hills, built of sandstone, formed an amazingly beautiful relief. Its highest point is the Decinsky snowfield, its height does not reach the mountains, but it is impressive - 733 meters. Numerous canyons, bizarre rock form. Such as the Pravcické Gate is a natural arch 16 meters high and 26 meters long.

Among the natural beauties, man-made ones are also hidden. For example, the rocky castle Shaunstein, called "Robber". Only ruins remained of the defensive structures, and you still need to get to them along narrow paths. The efforts will pay off with mesmerizing views of the forested mountain slopes. The administrative center of the park is the village of Grzhensk. There you can relax and have a tasty snack, the tourist infrastructure is well developed.

Local Grand Canyon

Just a few kilometers from Prague, near the village of Morina, there is a man-made object similar in beauty to Ruskeala Park in Karelia. Only this is the place where not marble was mined, but limestone. A picturesque quarry 800 meters long and 100 meters deep. There is a picturesque lake at its bottom. Filming location for Lemonade Joe. Locals call it Velka America, this place is visited by many tourists. It complements another local attraction - Karlštejn Castle.

Karlštejn is a 16th century Gothic castle 28 kilometers southwest of Prague. This is the royal residence. In addition, the treasures of the Holy Roman Empire were kept there. A classic defensive structure on a high cliff. The high quadrangular donjon tower stands out from the complex of buildings. One of the most popular tourist sites, the second in importance and attendance after Prague Castle. You can read a detailed review about visiting the castle at.

The peak season is at the end of May and the beginning when Prague is bursting with flowers. The tourist flow dries up somewhat in September, but by the end of December, during the Christmas holidays, bustle and carnivals begin again, lasting until the first days of the new year. A trip to this country is interesting at any time of the year. You can go to Prague on weekends, but for the sake of completeness, it is better to devote at least three days to the trip.

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