Individual means of special processing. Basic concepts and terms, means and methods of special processing
Under the conditions of applied by an opponent of weapons of mass lesion and during industrial accidents, the terrain, facilities, equipment, people, animals, food, fodder, ox, etc. can be infected with radioactive, poisoning substances and biologically means tools. In order to exclude or reduce the danger of people's damage Special processing is carried out - translating terrain, structures, techniques and other objects with which the population can also come into contact and the sanitary processing of people and the veterinary processing of animals.
Disinfection -performance of deactivation and disinfection of territory, structures I am technology in order to eliminate the possibility of defeating people and animals. At a large scale of infection, the amount of disinfection works can be significant, so it is impossible to count on the execution of them in short; rock. It is advisable to carry out work on disinfecting in the event that it gives a significant time gain. This is especially true. It is usually left for natural disinfection. Only small areas of the approaches of the lips, separate platforms are disinfected. Sanitary processing of people and veterinary animals are carried out constantly and in full.
In case of accidents at NPPs and nuclear explosions, the terrain of objects in it will be strongly infected with radioactive substances (RV). In order to prevent the danger of lesion of people, it is necessary to reduce the degree of infection of their RV to a safe level. A natural reduction requires a long time, so spend deactivation -removal of radioactive substances from infected surfaces of structures, clothing and means of individual protection, technicians to permissible norms. Deactivation is carried out by physico-chemical and mechanical methods. Physico-chemical method -removal of radioactive products, more firmly connected with an infected surface by processing with special detergent solutions. Mechanical method -removal of radioactive substances from infected surfaces by shaking, swelling, dying, suction, blowing, flushing with clean water. The contaminated layer of the surface can be cut or insulated with protective coatings from unreleased materials.
Decontivation tools include materials (water, earth, sand, slag, various detergents, solvents, boards) and autowavers, authoring stations, poliva-washers, graders, bulldozers, scrapers, snowpressure, fire trucks, motor-pumps, vacuum cleaners, plows and etc.
Deactivation can be partial and complete. Partialit is carried out in order to reduce the degree of infection usually after the release of people from an infected area, and with a long stay of them on the ground, infected with radioactive substances, and in an infected area. It is primarily used primary means: rag (package), brooms, brushes, water, solvents (fuel), as well as deactivating solutions, degassing kits and appliances.
Fulldeactivation is to remove radioactive substances from infected surfaces to a permissible limit. Full deactivation of equipment, clothing and shoes of the personal composition of formations and parts are carried out at the points of special treatment organized by the units of anti-radiation and anti-chemical protection, after the conclusion from the radioactive contamination zones; Full deactivation of clothing and footwear of the population in stationary or mobile levels of special processing, which are created by the Commetable Technical Service of Guide. Control of surface infection is organized both before decontamination and after.
Degassing -clear 0V or removing them from clothing, surfaces of various objects. It happens partial and complete. With partial degassingsections of the infected surface of objects or the location are processed, with which it is necessary to contact when performing certain tasks. It can be held in the focus of the defeat or after the release of people from it. Full degassingit is to neutralize the surfaces of infected items to permissible norms. It is carried out on unexposed terrain with special means. Before that, the type of poisoning substance is determined. In the necessary cases, its completeness is controlled.
Degassing is carried out by chemical, physicochemical and mechanical methods. Chemicalthe method is based on the ability of some chemicals to engage in interacting with poisoning substances, resulting in non-toxic compounds. The degassing agents of redox-chloride action and alkaline are distinguished. Infected surfaces are treated with degasive solutions or suspensions. Physical and chemicalthe degassing method is flushing the poisoning substances from infected surfaces with detergent solutions or solvents, as well as evaporation of 0V with infected items. Mechanicalthe method provides for the removal of the infected layer of soil, snow, etc. Or isolation of an infected surface by the device of flooring or other coatings.
Special technical means can be used for degassing - sets, instruments, polyvoy machine, as well as municipal and agricultural machines.
The RDP's wound degassing device is used to degass infected objects, structures, techniques and rubberized means of individual protection by spraying by the appropriate detergent or degassing solution with simultaneous rubbing the surfaces of the surfaces. It consists of a tank with a lid, an air pump with a handle, a rubber hose, a branded with a brush (Fig. 22). There are spare parts and tools laid in a metal box, which is attached along the bottom of the reservoir; There is also a screwdriver key. Shoulder straps and belt braid serve for carrying the instrument. With the help of an air pump in the device tank, pressure is created, under the action of which the solution from the tank enters through the drain tube, the hose and a fire with a brush to the treated surface.
Fig. 22. RDP-4B Randled Degasal Device:
1 - reservoir; 2 - pump; 3 - brand with a brush; 4 - hose; 5 - Shoulder straps
When preparing the RDP to work, it is necessary to flush a dichlorotan tank, clean the mesh filters and remove (if necessary) lubrication from the pump valve; Check the service and fastening of the hose, the state of the branded and the operation of the pump; To adjust the leverage straps.
The prepared device is filled with a degassing solution through a strainer, pre-closing the crane on the brand. Remove the filter, clean it and put in place in the neck of the device. The lid is closed and carefully pressed the locking device. The device is worn onto the back, tip the belt flashes, make 25-30 swing machines to create a pressure in the tank, open the fason crane and begin to degassing. For normal spraying of the liquid periodically make 25-30 swing pump per minute.
Disinfection -the destruction of pathogens and destruction of toxins. It can be carried out by chemical, physical and mechanical methods. Chemical methodbased on the use of chemicals or their solutions, physical -on the action of fire, steam, ultraviolet rays and ultrasound, hot (boiling) water and hot air. In practice, chemical and physical ways are combined. The mechanical method provides for the removal or insulation (backbone, coating) of the infected surface layer of the object, the sweeping (flushing) from it of pathogenic microbes or toxins.
The effectiveness of disinfection is achieved by the timely and correct use of funds and methods, the choice of which should be based on the features of infected objects, the resistance of the microbes and the specific conditions of the situation.
When, deactivation, degassing and disinfection, it is necessary to comply with security measures:
All work is carried out in the means of individual protection, which cannot be removed without the permission of the head (supervisor), and constantly monitor their health;
Do not put deactivation tools, degassing and disinfection on infected objects and land;
The vehicle used for deactivation and degassing, to put in the pits and at the end of the work, to burn used for disinfection - to burn;
Do not eat, do not drink and do not smoke in places of deactivation, degassing and disinfection;
Do not touch the open parts of the body in contaminated gloves;
Work to carry out standing, do not sit down and do not climb on infected items.
When leaving the infected site, it is necessary to wipe the boots (protective stockings) and gloves with chlorine lime gloves.
Sanitary processing of peopleit is produced in order to remove radioactive substances from the skin, personal protective equipment, clothing, as well as the disposal of poisoning substances, pathogenic microbes and toxins. Divided into partial and complete.
Depending on the mass lesion applied by an opponent, the personnel of the formations and the population can only be infected with radioactive substances or only poisoning, or only biological means. Cases of simultaneous infection with radioactive and poisoning substances are possible. In accordance with this, the nature of sanitary processing is different.
Partial sanitary treatmentwhen infecting people of the RV lies in the mechanical removal of radioactive substances from open areas of the body, from the mucous membranes of the eyes, nose, oral cavity, clothing, shoes and personal protective equipment. It is carried out during the first hour directly in the radioactive contamination zone or after exiting it.
When carrying out partial sanitary treatment in the radioactive infection area, it is first wiping, caught up or shaking infected personal protective equipment (they are not removed), clothing, equipment and shoes, then remove radioactive substances from open areas and cheeks. If people found themselves in an infected area without personal protective equipment, after partial sanitary processing, they should be put on.
When conducting partial sanitary treatment on unemployed terrain, such a sequence is observed. Remove the skin protection tools and shake them or wipe with rag moistened with water (deactivating solution). Then, without removing the gas mask, shaking or during the dust remove the radioactive dust from the outerwear. If the conditions allow, it is removed and dying. Equipment and shoes wash and wipe with a rag, moistened with water or deactivating solution. Processing is performed by each independently or with the help of a comrade, which is from the windward side to the processed.
If clothes and shoes are not infected (at the time of radioactive infection, the means of individual protection of the skin were used in a timely manner), the deactivation of them is not carried out. Open areas of the hands and neck are wrapped with clean water, wipe or wash the front of the gas mask, remove it and carefully wash the face, rose mouth and throat. With a lack of water, open areas of the body and the facial part of the gas mask are wiping with a wet towel or tampon (gauze, cotton), moistened with water from the flask. Re-wiping is carried out with a pure tampon or a clean part of a towel, a nose handkerchief, a clean cloth. In winter conditions, disinfection of clothing, shoes and equipment can be wiped up with their unexposed snow.
When infecting the personal composition of the formations and the population of drip-liquid 0V, it is necessary to immediately process open skin coverings, infected areas of clothing, shoes, equipment and the front of the gas mask, using individual anti-chemical packages or a bag of antihimic agents (Fig. 23). Gas masks are not removed.
Fig. 23. Bag of antihimic agents (PCS): A - general view; B - disassembled
1 - drawer; 2 - a bottle with a degassing solution; 3 - bottle with solvent;
4 - metal tank; 5 - Pencils with substances for the preparation of a degassing solution; 6 - large packages with a substance; 7 - Male packages with a substance;
8 - tampons; 9 - wooden stirrer.
Individual anti-chemical package of IPP-8it consists of a flock with a degassing liquid and four cotton-gauze tampons. This package is issued to every member of the formation of go and is stored in a special pocket of the gas mask bag. When drip-liquid 0V in open areas of the body and clothing, the package is opened, the tampons alternately wet the fluid from the bottle and wipe the open areas of the skin, as well as the outer surface of the front of the gas mask, collar and edges of the clothing cuffs. In winter conditions, a degassing of infected sections should be wiped (without missing to the body) moistened tampons.
In the absence of IPP-8 and the bags of anti-chemical means for partial sanitary treatment, you can use the water from the flask and soap. It is impossible to use solvents (dichloroethane, gasoline, alcohol) and fuel for partial sanitary treatment, as it can aggravate the severity of the lesion: the poisoning substances, dissolving, are distributed over a large area and are much easier to penetrate into the body through the skin.
In the biological focus of the lesion during partial sanitary treatment, the gas masses are not removed, the biological agents are removed and shaking the biological agents that are taped on clothing, shoes, equipment and personal protective equipment. If the situation is allowed, equipment, coat and shirt removed. Equipment is carefully wiped with girlfriends, and coat and shirt shake out. It is necessary to remove and wear clothes so that open parts of the body do not come into contact with the outer contaminated surface. Then, with the help of an individual anti-chemical package, the outer surface of the front of the gas mask is treated.
With simultaneously infecting people with radioactive, poisoning substances and biological agents, first of all, the poisoning substances that fall into skin and clothing are neutralized, and then radioactive substances are removed and biological means are destroyed.
The gas masks after partial sanitary processing are removed from the permission of the head (head) of the unit only after the lack of danger of lesion will be established using radiation and chemical intelligence devices.
Partial sanitary treatment does not guarantee the protection of people from the affected by radioactive, poisoning substances and biological means. Therefore, as soon as the situation is allowed, full sanitary processing is performed.
Full sanitary processingpersonal composition of the formations and population, which were in the area of \u200b\u200bthe impact of biological agents, regardless of whether the means of protection was applied and partial sanitary treatment was carried out. Full sanitary treatment lies in disinfecting with disinfecting solutions of open areas of the body with the subsequent washing with warm water with soap. It is necessarily a disinfection of clothes, shoes and equipment or their replacement.
When people infect people with radioactive substances, full sanitary treatment is carried out if, after conducting partial sanitary treatment, the contamination of the skin and clothing will remain above the permissible norms. It should be carried out no later than 3-5 hours from the moment of infection. After 10-12 hours, it is ineffective. Clothes are subject to replacement if after it is shaking and dying the residual radioactive infection above the permissible limits.
Drip-liquid poisoning substances are neutralized using an individual anti-chemical package. The subsequent washing of the personnel and the population with warm water with soap does not protect against defeat about. There is no need for its conduct. Infected with poisoning substances, clothes and shoes should be replaced in perhaps short time.
Complete sanitary treatment is carried out at the sanitary treatment site or at the point of special processing, which are deployed in an unreleased area of \u200b\u200banti-chemical protection units. For equipment of mobile wash points there are special disinfection and shower installations.
1. Table kits for conducting special processing: IDK-1, DK-4, work order with them
1. 1 Tabel kit for conducting special processing IDK-1, working with it
The kit for special processing of autotractor equipment IDK-1 is designed for the complete degassing and disinfection of autotractor equipment using compressed air from a car compressor or a car pump for pumping tires.
The kit laced in the bag is transported behind the back or under the selection of the machine crew. The 20 liter canister is included in the car's set.
Kit for special processing of autotractor equipment IDK-1:
1 - laying bag; 2 - brush; 3 - scraper; 4 - ejector nozzle; 5 - Branch with sprayer 6 - zip set; 7 - special cover with sleeves and filter; 8 - clamp; 9 - -5 and liquid rubber sleeves.
Technical characteristics of the IDK-1 set
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Indicators |
IDK-1. |
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Weight of the kit, kg |
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Full tank of the beadone (canisters), l |
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Bidone working capacity (canisters), l |
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Time Deployment Set, Min |
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Complete time set, min |
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Working pressure, kgf / cm2 |
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when working with a manual pump |
1-1,2 |
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when working with an ejector nozzle |
3-4 |
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Solution, L-min: |
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with deactivation (disinfection) with extrusion |
0.4-0.6 |
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when deactivating squeezing |
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in case of degassing (disinfection) by ejection |
0.5-1.5 |
Deployment of the CIDC kit for special processing:
a - from the pump; B - from the car pneumatic system
To prepare IDK-1 to special processing under the pressure circuit under pressure generated in the canister pump for pumping tires (Fig. A):
- open the canister and fill it with the working fluid;
- install on the canister clamp with simultaneous pump for pumping tires;
- unscrew the cap with the tire valve of the cover special and the presence of an spool in the bus valve;
- attach the pump hose to the tire valve to pump the spike, and to the tube of the special sleeve with a crane, pre-disconnecting the adapter;
- attach to the sleeve with the crane of the brand;
- protect the brush to the brand;
- create a pump for pumping tire pressure in the canister, sufficient for intensive spraying of the working fluid.
To avoid inflating and disruption of welded seams, the canisters need to ensure that the pressure in the canister does not exceed 0.12 MPa (1.2 kgf / cm2 ).
It should be guided by the fact that this pressure is achieved by 28-30 pump swings for pumping tires when filling the canister with eighteen liters of solution and 70-80 swings when filling half (10 l).
When preparing IDK-1 to the speaker processing under the work based on ejection (Fig. b):
- open the canister and fill it with the working fluid;
- install the cover special on the neck of the canister;
- unscrew the cap from the tire valve of the cover special and remove the spool from the valve;
- attach a special sleeve cover to the tube;
- turn the nozzle to the branded until it stops and wrap it with a locknut;
- attach the second horses of the sleeve to the nozzle pipe;
- score to the nozzle to the brush;
- attach the sleeve with the crane to the branded place;
- attach one end of the hose to pump tires from a set of a chauffery tool through an adapter to a sleeve with a crane, and the second end to the air selection kolyan of the air system of the car;
- run the engine and create air pressure in a system of at least 0.3 MPa (3 kgf / cm2 ).
Note: when working on the basis of ejection, any capacity can be used: bucket, bank, barrel, etc.
For special processing it is necessary:
- open the crap device for feeding the working fluid when used, set according to the pressure under pressure, and when working on the basis of ejection, open the crap device and the air selection crane of the air system of the vehicle;
- wipe the intensively processed surface with a brush from top to bottom. Treat especially carefully those places and parts with which you have to touch the personnel;
- treat the space of the work fluid space inaccessible to wiping the brush.
As the working fluid consumes, turn the air into the canister during degassing and disinfection (Cap O 1.5 mm with a core) with a frequency of 12-15 swings per minute or 35-40 wraps every three minutes of work and with a frequency of 30-40 rides in a minute for deactivation (cap O 2 mm without a core).
When equipped under the ejection scheme, the flow rate of the working fluid at a constant air pressure depends on the height of suction, which allows you to adjust the flow rate of the working fluid by moving the container, for example, from the ground to the footrest or in the car body.
1. 2 Tabel kit for conducting special processing of DK-4, working with it
The kit for special treatment of military equipment DK-4 is designed for degassing, deactivation and disinfection of trucks, road trains, special car chassis and armored personnel carriers with carburetor engines.
Composition of the kit DK-4K:
1 - drawer; 2 - Package with powder SF-2U (SF-2); 3 - Polyethylene Bank; 4 - spare parts; 5 - branded; 6 - extension cord; 7 - vehicle; 8 - brush; 9 - Ejector; 10 - Spring; 11 - fasteners; 12 - Liquid sleeve; 13 - gas collection device; 14 - sleeve gas-liquid; 15 - Hook and Planck
DK-4K is designed for from cars with a diameter of the silencer 44.5 mm (GAZ-51, GAZ-63, GAZ-66, ZIL-150 and ZIL-164), 51mm (GAZ-53A, ZIL-157 and Zil- 157k) and 63,5mm (ZIL-130, ZIL-131, ZIL-137); Dk-4b - for BTR, BRDM; DK-4K - for cars Ural-375.
Technical characteristics of the set of DK-4
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Indicators |
DK-4K. |
DK-4B. |
DK-4K. |
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Mass set, kg: |
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with packaging |
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without packaging |
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Deployment time, min |
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The processing time is gas-liquid method, min: |
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40-50 |
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30-40 |
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Consumption of an aqueous solution of SF-2U or suspension of DTS-GK for processing, l: |
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cars type ZIL-131 and BTR |
50-60 |
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gas-66 cars and BRDM |
30-40 |
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Minute consumption of solution, l / min |
1.5 ± 0.5 |
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Pressure in the gas output system when working, kgf / cm2 |
0.9 ± 0.1. |
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The temperature of the gas-liquid jet at the outlet of the branded, ° C |
45-60 |
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The rate of consumption of solution for 1 m2, L. |
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Processing time 1 m2 minutes |
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As a capacity, 20-liter canister or rubber capacity of the RDR-40 are used.
The action of the gas-liquid instrument is based on the use of heat and the kinetic energy of the exhaust gas engines (armored personnel carriers). The exhaust gases of the engine are administered under pressure in the ejector and, acquired in the ejector nozzle the necessary speed, create a vacuum in the inlet part of the mixing chamber, thereby providing a gas-liquid solution to the solution from the tank in the fetch, and the dust removal method from the surface of the surface.
When processinggas-liquid method The solution from the tank over the sleeve is suused into the ejector, where the mixing of gas and liquid flows and heat exchange between them occurs. From the ejector, the gas-liquid flow flows into the sleeve gas-liquid, and then through the extension and the fireplace in the form of a gas-liquid jet is fed to the treated surface.
With deactivationby suction method Radioactive dust under the action of the vacuum created by the ejector, and the mechanical effects of the brush dust leaves from the treated surface and the sleeve gas-liquid is suused on the ejector, from where it is thrown out with the gas flow through the ejector diffuser.
Preparation of a set to a gas-liquid processing method.
The gas-liquid processing method is used to deactivate, degassing and disinfecting vehicles and armored personnel carriers using aqueous solution of SF-2U powder (SF-2) and aqueous suspension of DTS GK Powder (in summer and winter conditions).
To prepare a set to decontamination (degassing, disinfection), the G gas-liquid method connecting DK-4K to a preheated engine. After stopping the engine, make an assembly and connection of the DK-4K set in such a sequence:
- cut the set;
- for cars previously equipped with nipple, install an adapter on the nipple;
- install the cover with the valve and the gas chipper on the nipple of the exhaust pipe of the muffler or adapter;
- connect gas-liquid hose to the ejector diffuser;
- attach the brush to the branded and secure it with a nut; Connect the branches with the extension;
- attach the extension to the sleeve gas-liquid;
- connect the fluid sleeve to the ejector's nozzle;
- lower the other end of the sleeve into the container;
When assembling the device, in all places of connections, put paronit strips. The leakage of working solutions in the places of compounds is not allowed.
Note.The container with the solution should not be above the ejector level and below 1.5 m on the level of the ejector.
Before turning on the set to work, check whether the end of the fluid sleeves in the container with the liquid is omitted. The presentation of the sleeve gas-liquid exhaust gases without fluid is categorically prohibited.
Check the condition of the valve, make sure that the axis is freely moving under the action of the spring and, if necessary, adjust the valve.
After the engine preheating to normal thermal mode and connect the device to the gas outlet system, make the engine secondary start. When the engine will again work on stable crankshaft revolutions with normal thermal mode, close the valve, for which you return the lever to start and gradually increase the engine crankshaft turnover using the button (knobs) of manual throttle control to medium revolutions.
The beginning of the actuation of the valve of the device is designed to achieve a 0.8 kg / cm / cm in the system of exhaust gas2
With the average turnover of the crankshaft of the engine and is characterized by a slight pass through it of exhaust gases.
After turning on the kit to work, check the supply of a gas-liquid mixture from the brand. If only spent gases without fluid are served on the sleeve, stop working and troubleshoot.
To prepare the instrument for decontamination by the method of sucking radioactive dust:
- install the cover with the valve and the gas chipper on the nipple of the exhaust pipe of the muffler or on the adapter;
- install the ejector on the gas retardant;
- attach the sleeve gas-liquid to the ejector nozzle;
- connect the brand with a brush and secure the brush with a nut;
- connect the extension with one end with a branded, and the other - with a sleeve gas-liquid;
- open the valve, for which turn the lever around its axis.
When assembling the device, in all places of connections, put paronit strips.
Starting the engine of the car (armored personnel carrier) are in the same order as when processing a gas-liquid method.
The procedure for holding degassing (deactivation, disinfection).
- work with a gas-liquid device without preheating engine;
- to start the engine of the car (armored personnel carrier) with the valve closed;
- use the kit, in order to obtain hot water for household needs;
- producing gas-liquid exhaust gases on the sleeve without fluid, as this can output the sleeve (except in the case specified below);
- use the kit for everyday car wash (armored personnel carriers).
At air temperature below -10 ° C, when it is possible to reduce the elasticity of the gas-liquid sleeve, make the assembly of the device, without straightening the sleeve. After preparing the device for the work of the sleeve gas-liquid (in the bay), herarize the transmission through it for 1-2 minutes of gas-liquid jet, directing it into a solution with a solution (work on a closed cycle). After that, straighten the sleeve and proceed.
After work, as well as in cases of interruptions in operation at ambient temperature below 0 ° C, in order to avoid freezing in the sleeves of the residual residues (suspension), the sleeve is removed from the tank and remove the residual residues (suspension) of the exhaust gases through the sleeve for 10 - 15 C until the outlet of the gas-liquid jet out of the brand.
After establishing the engine speed necessary for the operation, proactivate (degassing, disinfection).
When deactivating (degassing, disinfection), the surface to be processed is intensively wipe down from top to bottom with a brush. Especially thoroughly treat those places and parts with which you have to touch the personnel. Places inaccessible to wip the brushed, handle a gas-liquid jet, for which the brush can be removed from the branded.
With the deactivation of the technique by dusting, special attention should be paid to ensuring that the emissions of the radioactive dust immediately has become processed object or nearby, the technique. In order to avoid this car (armored personnel carrier) with a set of DK-4K, set it so that the objects being processed are located from a leeward side.
In the process of operation of the device for decontamination (degassing, disinfection), the valve can accumulate, and in winter, try. As a result of this, the praise of gas excess can be ceased and the pressure in the gas output system may rise above the permissible limits. To prevent this phenomenon during operation periodically (after 20-30 minutes), lift and lower the valve by turning the lever around its axis.
To work on the assembly (disassembling) of the device in preparation for work on a gas-liquid processing method, the method of sucking radioactive dust, when adjusting the valve and install the set to object, use the chauffery tool.
2. The procedure for conducting partial and complete deactivation, degassing and disinfection of standard equipment using tablet
Approximate areas and sections of the surface to be partial degassing
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Objects |
Partial degassing area, m2 |
Surface elements |
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Cars: |
Cabin Doors, Steps, Bumper, Traction Coupling Device, Radiator, Part Hood, Fuel Tanks |
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type Gas. |
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type ZIL. |
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type Ural, Kraz |
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With van bodies: |
Cabin Doors, Steps, Bumper, Traction Coupling Device, Radiator, Part of the Hood, Fuel Tanks, Boxes with ZIP, Staircase and Rear Body Cube, Part Spare Wheel, Hut |
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Ural |
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ZIL-131 |
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ZIL-157. |
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ZIL-130. |
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GAZ 66. |
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Portable radio stations: |
The entire surface of the radio station |
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R-105M, R-107M |
Characteristics of technical means of special processing and their possibilities for processing weapons and military equipment
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Technical remedy |
Mass, kg. |
Deployment time, min |
Solutions used, concentration |
Work capacity |
Solutions consumption, l / min |
Possible area of \u200b\u200bprocessing one charging, m2 |
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Individual set |
3-4 |
RD-2. |
Kanistra 20-liters when working with a manual pump. |
0.4-0.6 |
40-50 |
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№. 1 |
33-40. |
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№ 2-BSH (2-AST) |
33-40. |
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SF-2U, 0.15 and 0.3% |
0.5-1.5 |
Not limited |
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GK, 1 and 1.5%; |
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Car kit |
SF-2U, 0.075% |
Kanister 20 L. |
1,3-1,7 |
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GK, 1 and 1.5% |
13.3 or 6.6-8 (disinfection of non-forming forms of microbes) |
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GK, 5 and 7.5% |
4-5 (disinfection of dispute-forming forms of microbes) |
Complete special processing is carried out sometime (Besarenino) under the guidance of the company commander (battery).
Divisions that have in its composition weapons and military equipment, equipped with DK-4, IDK-1, carry out complete degassing, deactivation, disinfection, as a rule, these sets.
In this case, the company commander (batteries) clarifies the task of platoon commanders, indicates the start and end time of processing, sequence and place of it, the procedure for recalculating containers, the degassing procedure (replacement) or deactivation of skin protection, uniforms, shoes, and the batteries ). After clarifying the task, it leads the treatment of processing in the platforms and the exit of technology and personnel in the collection area.
Full degassing, decontamination, disinfection of weapons and military equipment are carried out from DK-4, IDK-1 forces of crews (calculations) of machines. The personnel conducting processing should be in gas masks, rascoats, put in sleeves (or in rascoats in the form of a jumpsuit), protective gloves and stockings. Rifle weapons are taken to the "behind the back."
The processing is carried out in the following order: scrapers, shovels, etc. The object is cleared of dirt (ice, snow); The purified surface is cleaned with a brush with a brush while simultaneously supplying the solution. Running is carried out with a noticeable effort from top to bottom and left to right. Special attention is paid to the processing of grooves, protrusions, places of connecting two planes.
Car, the body of which is closed awning, the awning is processed simultaneously with the car. In case of degassing and disinfection of tents from tarpaulin, treatment is carried out until the material is completely blowning. When decontamination, the awnings are wrapped, shake out (are dying).
Car without tents is removed by cargo and removable equipment, the entire surface of the machine is processed, including a truck platform. The cargo is processed separately.
3. Safety measures when conducting special processing
All work related to the preparation of degazing and disinfectant solutions, as well as with the otparization of recipes and solvents, is carried out by a personnel, dressed in gas masks, protective stockings, gloves and raincoats (suitable in sleeves).
When organizing and carrying out works on degassing, deactivation and disinfection, it is necessary: \u200b\u200bto arrange jobs in such a way that the possibility of mutual infection is excluded; ensure the personnel of the necessary means of individual protection; To organize degassing, deactivation, disinfection of degassing machines (sets), protection products at the end of work.
All work on degassing, deactivation and disinfection of weapons and military equipment should be carried out in gas masks, protective raincoats, put in sleeves (or in the form of overalls), gloves and stockings (during decontamination instead of gas mask, respirator can be used).
When carrying out degassing, deactivational and disinfectural work, the personnel must:
- constantly monitor the health of personal protective equipment and immediately report to the commander about their damage or strong infection;
- exclude the ingress of degassing solutions for the means of personal protection of the skin, as well as on the bag for the gas mask;
- not to take in the hands of infected items without the prior degassing of those places for which it is necessary to keep the subject;
- the rag used in the degassing and deactivation, to be buried to the ground, and the disinfection used to burn;
- do not remove the means of individual protection of the skin and gas mask until the end of the work;
- at the end of the work, treat the degassing (deactivating, disinfectant) solution to the means of personal protection and remove them with the permission of the commander in the allotted place.
Armament and military equipment infected with VX, Iprit and aqueous hydraulic solutions of GK, SF-2U or solvents, after degassing should be operated by a personnel in compliance with precautions, avoiding long-term contact with open areas of leather with extended surfaces, using protective gloves or appliances for this. .
Armament and military equipment infected with zoman and geases from a degassing solution No. 2-bsp (2-ASH), aqueous solutions of GK, SF-2U or solvents, should be operated by a personnel dressed in a gas mask. Control over the concentration of the OB from the leeward side of the objects is periodically carried out using the instruments of chemical intelligence VDHR. Gas masks can be removed from the permission of the commander according to the results of the instrument readings.
When carrying out degassing, deactivation and disinfection, it is prohibited:
- go to bed and sit on infected items;
- shoot or unbutton personal protective equipment without permission of the commander;
- each food, drink, smoke and relax on the workstation.
Recreation of personnel, conducting degassing, deactivation and disinfection, eating, smoking and the departure of natural needs are organized in specially reserved places.
When working in the means of individual protection in summer conditions, it is necessary to avoid overheating of the body to comply with the limit deadlines for the continuous stay in them.
Maximum permissible time of work in personal protective equipment
|
Means of protection |
Air temperature, |
Maximum permissible working hours, h, during exercise |
||
|
easy |
average |
heavy |
||
|
Okzk, |
Not limited |
|||
|
Not limited |
||||
|
Okzk type protective clothing, filtering gas |
Not limited |
|||
|
Not limited |
||||
|
Okzk, filtering gas masks, protective stockings, gloves |
Not limited |
|||
|
Not limited |
||||
|
(OZK), Okzk, filtering gas mask |
||||
|
0,.5 |
||||
|
Gas mask, winter uniforms (chinel), protective stockings, gloves |
Not limited |
|||
|
Not limited |
||||
|
Filtering gas mask, Table winter uniforms (VATA) |
Not limited |
|||
|
Not limited |
||||
|
Not limited |
||||
|
Filtering gas masks, Table winter uniforms (VATA), OZK |
Not limited |
|||
|
Not limited |
||||
|
Not limited |
||||
Notes: 1. When cloudy and cloudy weather and at a positive temperature, the time of continuous operation in the means of individual protection increases by 20-30%.
2. The operating time in OZK does not depend on the use of the raincoat.
To increase the deadlines for continuous operation in conditions of high temperatures, it is recommended to periodically cool the means of protecting with water with water, and also wear wetted cotton screens, camouflage bathrobes, etc., which, in the process of work, should also be periodically saved.
When working in personal protective equipment in winter, it is necessary to take measures to prevent frostbite: wear warm spheres or socks, put into boots insoles from cloth, straw, paper, etc., put on protective clothing. Crescent jackets and pants, and on the head Under the hoods of the protective suit - the premium.
The personnel who carried out work on disinfection must pass full sanitary processing, and carried out the work on degassing, deactivation under the presence of conditions - hygienic washing.
4. Implementation of standards No. 12 and 15
Reception or action is first shown in general and at the normal pace and rhythm. Then, the show is made in parts in the slow motion pace and is accompanied by a brief explanation so that the students are accurately perceived and correctly learned the receiving or action correctly. In all cases, the show should be impeccable, exemplary, and explanations with briefs and intelligence.
During the training, the soldiers first need to learn how to clearly and unmistakably perform all the techniques (actions) at a slow pace and only after that move to the development of admission as a whole.
If there are normatives during the occupation, it is possible to establish interimaton periods of their implementation that meet the level of personnel preparation level, with such a calculation, to ensure that the time for the time established by the collection of standards is scheduled.
|
№ norm. |
Name |
Conditions |
Rating in time |
|||
|
"Ot." |
"Choir." |
"UD." |
||||
|
Preparation of special processing tools for work |
BTR, RXM, BRDM, the car is infected and removed from the contaminated area. Mechanic-driver (driver) and his assistant in the means of protection in front of the machine. Special processing tools in the car. |
|||||
|
Mechanic driver (driver) |
2 min 45 s |
3 min |
3 min 30 s |
||
|
Mechanic-driver (driver) and his assistant |
3 min |
3 min 20s |
4 min |
||
Errors that reduce the assessment to
|
||||||
|
№ norm. |
Name |
Conditions |
Rating in time |
|||
|
"Ot." |
"Choir." |
"UD." |
||||
|
Deactivation (degassing, disinfection) of weapons and military equipment |
Combat and other military equipment is infected and derived from an infected site. Crew (calculation) or driver and his assistant car. Protection tools in the "combat" position. The means of degassing (deactivation, disinfection) are prepared. |
|||||
|
Driver and assistant |
11 min |
12 min |
14 min |
|||
|
Driver and assistant |
6 min 30 s |
7 min |
8 min 20 s |
|||
|
b) partial degassing using a tank degassing device (TDP): |
||||||
|
Crew, calculation, |
5 min 30 s |
6 min |
7min 10 C. |
||
|
c) Full deactivation (degassing, disinfection) with two firewalls with ARS brushes: |
||||||
|
armored Transporter, Engineering Machine (BAT, PKT, Earthmaker), Airfield Machine, Truck (Special) Type of ZIL, "Ural", Kraz, Kamaz |
Crew, calculation, |
18 min |
20 minutes |
24 min |
||
|
Crew, calculation, |
14 min |
15 minutes |
18 min |
||
|
d) full deactivation (degassing, disinfection) using DK-4, IDC: |
||||||
|
Driver and assistant |
28 min |
30 minutes |
36 min |
||
|
Driver and assistant |
23 min |
25 min |
30 minutes |
||
|
Driver |
9 min |
10 min |
12 min |
||
|
Note: Cleaning and lubrication of techniques after processing in the standard are not included.
(deactivation, disinfection);
Errors that reduce the assessment to "unsatisfactory":
the trained are not trained in the rules for the use of degassing (deactivation, disinfection). |
||||||
Literature:
- Textbook Sergeant Chemical Troops. Warmivdat, 1988
- Tutorial sergeant motorized rifle troops. Milivdat, 2003
- Educational and methodological manual for the preparation of units to protect against nuclear, chemical, bacteriological weapons and incendiary means. Warnizdat, 1989
- Admission to use individual protection tools. Warmivdat, 1978
- Takes and ways of action soldiers in battle. Warmivdat, 1988
- Preparation of units to protect against nuclear, chemical, bacteriological (biological) and incendiary arms of the enemy. Warnizdat, 1989
- Special handling guide. Warmivdat, 1971
- Collection of standards for BP RVSN, KN. 7 "Commissal Training" 2006
Special treatment is to remove radioactive substances, neutralizing or removing poisoning substances and biological agents from infectious surfaces. With special processing, sanitary processing of people, deactivation, degassing and disinfection of clothing, shoes, personal protective equipment, equipment, weapons and military equipment are carried out. Special processing can be partial and complete.
Partial special processing It is carried out directly in the combat orders of units without stopping the combat missions.
Full special treatment It is carried out after performing a combat task in parts occupied by parts or in special processing areas. It is carried out using both tablet and means of departments of radiation, chemical and biological protection.
Deactivation - Fence in surfaces infected with radioactive substances. It is carried out by removing radioactive substances (blowing, swelling, shaking, flushing).
Degasy - neutralization of surfaces infected with poisoning substances. It is carried out by removing or decomposition of poisoning substances (evaporation, flushing, chemical destruction).
Disinfection - It is neutralizing the surfaces infected with biological agents. It is carried out by removing or destroying the pathogenic microorganisms and their peddles (washing, the impact of physical or chemical factors).
Means of special processing. The individual anti-chemical package of IPP-8 (IPP-9, IPP-10) is intended for degassing the skin of a person (face, neck, hands), individual sections of uniforms (collar, overalls, sleeves) and the facial part of the gas mask infected with drops (aerosol) of poisoning substances.
Package of the IPP-8 (Fig. 71) is a walled polyethylene bag, inside of which are located: a glass bottle with a liquid recipe (solution), four barley tampon and instructions for using the package.
Fig. 71. Individual anti-chemical package IPP-8: 1 - glass bottle; 2 - gauze tampons; 3 - Sealed polyethylene package
Package IPP-9 is a metal recipe cylinder. A special cover with a punch and a spongy tampon, which closes with a protective cap is found on the cylinder. Inside the cap is placed two cotton-gauze tampon.
The IPP-10 package is a metal recipe cylinder. The cap-band is found on the cylinder.
IDPS-69 kit Designed for degassing personal weapons and uniforms. The kit is a set of ten individual degassing packets of IDP-1 and ten degasive DPP packets.
Package IDP-1 (Fig. 72) is intended for degassing weapons. It is a metal cylinder, equipped with a polydaging recipe and a hermetically closed foil membrane. On the cylinder there is a kapron brush with a hollow platter for the recipe and polychlorvinyl cover.
Fig. 72. Package IDP-1: 1 - metal cylinder; 2 - cover; 3 - polyethylene brush; 4 - Punch
Package DPP (Fig. 73) is intended for degassing uniforms. It consists of a plastic bag-brush with holes, two packages with a polydaging powder recipe, rubber tape and a packaging bag with a memo.
Fig. 73. Package DPP: 1 - brush package; 2 - rubber belt; 3 - polyethylene packaging with degasive recipe; 4 - memo to use; 5 - Polyethylene Packaging Bag
Table funds. For both partial and full special processing of equipment and weapons, various tablets are used. These include a car kit for special processing of military equipment, a tank degassing kit, autonomous devices for degassing, deactivation and disinfection of weapons and military equipment forces by calculations, etc.
Special processing kits are, as a rule, onboard means, that is, transported on the sample of weapons and military equipment, for the processing of which they are intended, and are used by its calculation (crew). These sets implement a liquid processing method, which consists in irrigating the recipe and wiping the brush of the infected surface. Depending on the type of special processing, degassing, deactivating and disinfectant solutions are used.
Sanitary processing of people. Sanitary treatment is the removal of radioactive substances, decomposition, destruction or removal of poisoning substances, pathogens and toxins from the skin of people, as well as with apparent personal protective equipment, clothing and shoes. Partial sanitary treatment in infecting by radioactive substances is carried out as possible during the first hour after infection, directly in the radioactive infection area or after exiting it. To do this, remove the upper clothes and, putting your back against the wind, shake it out. Then make clothes and carefully cleaned or knock it out. Shoes wash with water or wipe the wet rag. Wash open areas open areas of hands and necks, facial part of the gas mask; Thoroughly wash your face, rinse your mouth and throat.
Partial sanitary processing in the infection of drip-liquid poisoning substances is performed immediately. To do this, it is necessary, without removing the gas mask, to process open areas of the skin, on which there were infected areas of clothing, the facial part of the gas mask with a solution of an individual anti-chemical package of IPP-8 (IPP-9, IPP-10). With the sudden use of the opponent, it is necessary:
- put on a gas mask and cloaks;
- open the packet unscrewing the cap (IPP-8), removing the cap and pressing the POWER (IPP 9) or turning the lid and pressing it (IPP-10);
- pour the recipe or squeeze it from the spongy tampon (IPP-9) into the right hand;
- hold your breath, close your eyes, holding your left hand for the valve box, remove the front of the gas mask from the chin;
- fast movement of the right hand to wipe the skin under the gas mask and the inner surface of the facial gas mask;
- dry tampon remove excess recipes, starting with leather in the eye area;
- put on the facial part of the gas mask, make a sharp exhale and open your eyes;
- wipe the wet tampon (sponge) neck, hands, collar, cuffs, the outer surface of the facial part of the gas mask;
- remove the surplus recipes dry tampon;
- close the bottle of the cap (IPP-8) or, stretching the punch until it stops, close the balloon (IPP-9, IPP-10).
The eye recipe hit is unacceptable.
To carry out partial sanitary treatment in infecting with biological agents, it is necessary to wip the disinfecting agents of open areas of the body, and, if possible, and washing warm water with soap.
With simultaneous infection with radioactive, poisoning substances and biological agents, the poisoning substances are neutralized, and then biological agents and radioactive substances. Full sanitary treatment is in a thorough kneading of the entire body with warm water with soap, as well as to provide amazed special medical care. In this case, linen, clothing and shoes are replaced or subject to special processing.
Special processing of weapons and military equipment. With partial special processing, the part of weapons and military equipment is neutralized, with which the personal composition comes into contact when conducting hostilities. Individual weapons and small items are processed completely.
Deactivation of automaton (manual anti-tank grenade launcher, sniper rifle). For decontamination, prepare 3-5 tampons and a flask with water. Install the machine vertically and thoroughly wipe it with tampons, abundantly moistened with water. You need to wipe the entire surface of the weapon from top to bottom, starting with the muzzle. Tampon as pollution should be rotated by the net side to the treated surface; Dirty tampon can not be immersed in the liquid used for deactivation, and it is necessary to replace it clean. Repeat the wiping of two or three times; The gaps and grooves of the weapon wipe the rag wrapped on the end of the wooden stick (shompol). At the end of deactivation, weapons wipe dry and lubricate, dirty tampons and rags to collect and bury.
Degassing machine. Degassing is carried out in personal protective equipment in such a sequence:
- prepare IDP-1 to work, for what to remove the lid and brush, remove the safety cap from the displacement, put the brush, pressing the displacement until you stop the membrane, turn the package to the brush down;
- take the left hand of the machine for the trunk and, holding it vertically or slightly tilt, carefully wipe the brush all the surface from above to donomis;
- thoroughly process wooden parts and a belt, which to wipe up to full blotch;
- after the complete use of the recipe, rub the machine with a rag of dry.
For disinfection, special disinfectants are used: phenol, cresol, lysol, as well as degasive solutions. For disinfection of weapons and military equipment, the same substances and solutions are used, as for degassing.
- What is the purpose of and what is the special processing?
- In what cases is degassing? What is it?
- What are decontamination and disinfection?
- What is the difference between partial and full special processing?
- When and how is the sanitary processing of people?
Special processing is a set of activities aimed at removing (neutralizing) TXV, RV from open areas of skin and clothing, protective equipment, weapons, military equipment, medical property and other environmental facilities in order to prevent lesions of personnel, recovery in the shortest possible time The combat reading of the troops and the creation of conditions for the successful implementation of the tasks set before them. Special processing consists in conducting sanitary processing of personnel, deactivation, degassing, disinfection of weapons, military equipment, protective equipment and is divided into partial and complete.
Partial special treatment is a goal to neutralize or remove the main mass of RV, TXV, BS from those surfaces of various objects with which the personal composition directly contacts when performing a combat task. It is carried out directly in the division without stopping the combat mission. With partial decontamination in an infected area, the dosimetry control of completeness is not carried out.
Complete special processing consists in final disposal or removal of TCV, RV, BS from all surfaces of an infected object. It is held by order of the connection commander after performing the combat task directly in units or special processing items deployed by the chemical service.
The combination of measures carried out to neutralize various objects of infected TCV is called degassing.
A combination of activities carried out in order to remove RV from infected objects is called deactivation.
Degation methods:
I. Physical:
a) Mechanical removal of TX from an infected surface:
Removing visible drops;
Removing the surface layer of an infected object;
Water wash under pressure;
b) TX isolation on an infected surface;
c) flushing with solvent and fire;
d) degassing hot air;
e) degassing based on the sorption process.
II. Chemical:
a) the use of degassing agents of redox-chloride;
b) the use of degasive substances causing the hydrolytic decomposition of TCV;
c) the use of degazing substances with oxidative-chloride and hydrolytic effect.
III. Mixed:
a) treatment with a degasive substance solution and solvent;
b) a method based on a degassing action of steam and a combination of it with other agents:
Degassing ferry and ammonia;
Degassing a steady ammonia mixture;
Degassing hot steam and air;
c) Degassing with hot air with pretreatment by chemicals.
Ways of deactivation.
I. Physical:
a) mechanical removal of RV (air blowing, with brushes, water jet);
b) isolation of RV on an infected surface;
c) filtering, deposition, distillation;
II. Physical and chemical:
a) complexation;
b) ion exchange;
c) flushing from the surface with the help of surfactants (surfactants);
d) sorption;
e) destruction or dissolving the surface layer of the object;
e) electrostatic steamer surface of metals;
The degassing agents of redox-chloride acts include:
1. Bleaching powder
2. Two calcium hypochlorite salt (DTS GK)
3. Monochloramine
4. Dichlorine
5. Hexakhlormelamin
6. Mononatrium Salt Dichlorizocyanuronic Acid
Degasive substances causing a hydrolytic decay:
1. Sulfurium sodium (sodium hydrogen sulfide salt)
2. Crash sodium or caustic soda Naoh
3. Ammonia and its solutions .
4. Monoethanolamine
5. Sodium tripolyphosphate.
6. Trinitrium phosphate.
7. Acute carbon dioxide NH 4 HCO 3.
Private special treatment in the focus of the damage to the subjective means of sanitary treatment in infecting is an individual anti-chemical package (IPP-8, 9, 10, 11). They are intended:
For degassing OK in open areas of the skin (face, neck, hand brushes);
For the degassing of limited sections of clothing, directly adjacent to the open areas of the skin (collar, wise sleeves) and the outer surface of the front of the gas mask.
The package is located at personnel and stored in the gas mask bag.
Ipp-8 consists of a glass bottle with a degassing liquid, gauze tampons, memos about the rules of use and polyethylene shell.
The IPP-9 package is a metal cylinder with a lid. Under the lid there are vita-gauze tampons and a punch with spongy tampon.
Package Ipp-10. It is a metal cylinder with a lid with a displacement.
When infected by open areas of the skin by aerosol and drops of OV and their degassing, the procedure for the use of IPP depends on the position of the gas mask at the time of contact with the s. With a gas mask, the procedure for applying the packages is as follows:
Open the package;
It is plentiful to moisten a tampon as a recipe and wipe the skin of the neck and brushes of the hands;
Mix the tampon again and rub the collar of clothes, cuffs of sleeves (capture the outer and inner surface of the fabric), the outer surface of the facial gas mask;
Dry tampon remove excess recipes from the skin of the neck and hands;
Close and remove the bottle.
Remove the package cover and put it on the bottom part of the case;
Drown a blank until it stops;
Turn over the package tampon down and sharply shake two to three times until the tampon moisturize;
Wipe the neck, hand brushes, collar, cuffs, the outer surface of the facial part of the gas mask;
Dry napkin to dry the skin of the neck, hands;
Pull the bed up until it stops;
Close the case with a lid and remove the package.
Translate the displacement in the working position;
Shock on it with your hand open the package and remove the displacement;
Alternately pouring a small amount of recipes to evenly apply it to the entire surface of the facial part of the gas mask;
Similarly, handle the collar, cushion cuffs, capturing the outer and inner surface of the fabric;
Tightly close the package and save it until reused.
The procedure for using packages with a sudden occurrence of a chemical focus:
Put on a gas mask and cloak in the form of capes (hide in the construction);
Immediately open the package and pour the recipe (squeeze from the tampon to the right hand);
Hold your breath, close your eyes, left for the valve box to delay the front of the gas mask from the chin;
Right-handed a quick movement to wipe the skin under the front part, especially areas adjacent to the nose, mouth, chin, and the inner surface of the front part (the eyes should be tightly closed throughout the processing time);
Dry tampon to remove excess recipes (start with the skin of the eye area), put on the front part and make a sharp exhale, open your eyes;
Wipe the neck, hands, collar, cuffs, the outer surface of the facial part of the gas mask.
When the first signs of lesion appear to introduce antidote from an individual first aid kit.
Complete sanitary treatment of affected is carried out, as a rule, when providing qualified medical care (Omnedb, Omoto, hospitals). For these purposes, the separation of special processing (OSO) is deployed.
The equipment should be a disinfection-shower vehicle (DDA), a watering truncission for water, rubber water tank, two HSB tents or three tents of mouth, radiometer-radigenometer DP-5B, rubber bags for infected clothes, wooden lattices under the shower, soap , washcloths, special mesh stretcher for washing wounded, vacuum cleaners, ropes, shoulders, flippers (wooden sticks), brushes, brooms, hydropultes, auto-components, substances and solutions for decontamination (SF-2, OP-7 or OP-10), Degation (N 1, N 2-in or N 2-BSH, DTS-GK) and disinfection, tables, benches, stands for stretcher. It is necessary to have medical facilities to provide emergency care.
(antidotes, heartfall, oxygen, etc.), moistureproof bandages (plastic socks, stockings, mittens and dressings of different sizes) for overlapping on the wound on top of the ordinary bandage, as well as the exchanged line of cleanlings, clothing and individual protective equipment.
The composition of the OSO - the head (Feldsher), the Saninstructor-Dosimetrist, Sannaster-disinfector and 10-15 Sanitars, including from an easy-wing.
OSO is deployed at a distance of about 50 meters from the sorting post from the leeward side from Omnedb. Three platforms are deployed in OSO:
Sanitary processing site of affected;
Special processing platform of uniform, shoes, individual means of protection, equipment;
Playground special processing of transport and stretcher.
Special processing of equipment and personnel. Partial and complete special processing of weapons and techniques, sanitary processing of personnel and its organization
1. Special processing of equipment and personnel
When conducting hostilities in the face of applying an opponent of weapons of mass lesions, as well as during the destruction of radiation, chemically and biologically dangerous facilities, personal composition, its means of individual protection (PPE), uniforms and other elements of equipment, weapons and military equipment (IWT), reserves of material Funds, fortification facilities and terrain and open sources of water can be contaminated with radioactive substances (PB), infected with poisoning substances (s) or biological agents (BS).
The fact and degree of air infection, the terrain and military facilities of the RV, OB or BS are set using radiation, chemical and non-specific biological intelligence devices, as well as according to the results of the analysis of samples in radiometric, chemical and biological laboratories.
To preserve the combat capability of parts (divisions) and the creation of the necessary conditions for the fulfillment of the tasks in the situation of the radioactive, chemical and bacteriological (biological) infection, and special processing of weapons, military equipment, sections, roads and structures, as well as special processing of troops are organized and carried out.
Special processing is one of the measures to eliminate the consequences of using the enemy of weapons of mass lesion. It is organized and carried out by the forces of the troops themselves or regular divisions of the Troops of the RHB protection using the toal funds.
Special processing of troops includes: degarison, deactivation and disinfection of Introducts, uniforms and SIZ, small arms and objects of servicemen, reserves of material resources, fortification structures and individual areas of the terrain. It can be partial and complete.
The neutralization of surfaces infected with radioactive substances is called deactivation and is carried out by removing radioactive substances (blowing, washing, swelling).
The neutralization of the surfaces infected with the poisoning substances is called degassing and is carried out by removing or decomposition of the OB (evaporation, flushing, chemical destruction).
The neutralization of surfaces infected with bacterial (biological) means is called disinfection and is achieved by removing or destroying pathogenic microorganisms and their carriers (washing, exposure to physical and chemical factors).
2. Partial and complete special processing of weapons and equipment and its organization
Depending on the situation, the presence of time and available in the division of the funds, special processing can be partial or complete.
Partial special processing is carried out by solving the commander of the unit in the zones of infection using tablet technical means of special processing without stopping the fulfillment of combat missions. Its goal is to prevent the defeat and ensuring the possibility of the personnel of conducting hostilities without the means of individual protection of the skin of the insulating type, as well as the entrance (exit) into the objects of military equipment and fortification facilities.
Depending on the type of infection, special processing includes:
- when infected with the degasses of open areas of the body (face, neck, hands); uniforms and facial gas mask; small arms, equipment of equipment, individual sections of the SIZ of the skin of the insulating type and the outer surface of the IPT objects, with which the personal composition is most often in contact with their operation;
- with pollution of PB - deactivation of open areas of body, uniform, equipment, shoes, and personalized personnel, small arms, as well as the entire surface of the IWP objects, with reference means with or undercuts when exiting an infected area;
- When infection of BS - disinfection of open areas of the body, disinfection of the front of the opposite part of the gas mask, the first-aid kit for individual, gloves and flasks.
It is carried out during the first hour in infecting the BS and the contamination of the RV, and when infected with the unprotected personnel of the OI - immediately.
Complete special processing of troops is carried out by solving the commander of the compound (parts), as a rule, after performing combat missions and the exit of parts (divisions) from the infection zones in order to ensure the personnel of the opportunity to act without PIZ.
It includes a complete degassing, deactivation and disinfection of the outer and internal surfaces of ISP objects, uniforms, equipment, shoes, SIZ, small arms, food and material reserves, as well as complete sanitary processing of personnel.
Complete special processing is carried out at the trooping points of special processing (Pouox) by the forces and means of the units themselves using the tablet onboard sets and subwoofers or in specially equipped areas of special processing (RSO) deployed by the parts of the parts (units) of the RHB protection troops.
The amount of work and the procedure for carrying out complete CO depend on the type of infection, the degree of covering the objects of the IWP and the security of personnel.
Full deeds, deactivation or disinfection of impersonal IWT, ammunition and other material resources are carried out by compounds (parts) of the RHB protection on the PouS, deployed near the evacuation routes, at the national damaged machines, in places of concentration of infected property and in warehouses (bases).
Full deactivation, deactivation or disinfection of impersonal uniforms, equipment, shoes and PPEs, which cannot be processed in the units of troops, are carried out on degassing points deployed by parts (divisions) of the RHB of protection near front-line (army) databases of material support or divisional (regimental) Warehouses of military-technical property. At the same time, the infected broad property is subject to replacement directly in parts (divisions) due to the existing reserves of non-fermented property and is sent to degassing points of the troops of the RCB protection.
3. Sanitary processing of personnel and its organization
Sanitary treatment is a mechanical cleaning and washing of skin cover and mucous membranes of people undergoing infection and contamination with hazardous biological substances, as well as disinfection of their clothing and shoes when leaving the infected zone.
Sanitary treatment is a set of activities that include a hygienic washbase of personnel with a change of linen, chamber processing (disinsection, disinfection) of linen, uniforms and bedding. If necessary, disinfection (disinsection) of the military unit are simultaneously carried out.
Sanitary treatment with mandatory chamber processing of uniforms, linen and bedding is carried out when identifying such diseases such as plague, cholera, return title, epidemic suction typhus Brill's disease, ku-fever (pulmonary form), Siberian ulcers, high-fingered viral hemorrhagic fevers, Abdominal typhoid, parathy, tuberculosis, leprosy, diphtheria, fungal diseases, skin and nails, scabies, platinum pediculosis, etc. It is organized on the basis of the order of the commander of the military unit.
Full sanitary processing of the personal composition, infected BS and contaminated RV, is carried out at the sanitary treatment sites deployed by the rear service provider (divisions) together with the medical service and the RHBS service, using the disinfecting and showers of the regiments of the regiments and other technical means of special processing of the units of troops Rhb protection.
It involves neutralizing the open areas of the body with disinfecting solutions, mandatory washout of the entire body with hot water with soap, replacement (protective) linen, replacement or disinfection of infected uniforms and all the equipment of the serviceman.