Proper nutrition for a child under one year old - can it affect the health of the child as a whole? Nutrition for preschoolers The daily calorie intake for a 3-year-old child.

Correctly constructed, balanced nutrition from the first days of life is of great importance for the normal physical and neuropsychic development of the child and the development of immunity to various diseases. When constructing children's nutrition, one should take into account the high need of children of different ages in all food components. Children should be getting enough calories to meet all the needs of a growing body. The daily calorie requirement for children aged 1.5 to 3 years is 1500 kcal, 3-5 years old - 1800 kcal, 5-8 years old - 2000-2400 kcal, 8-12 years old - 2400-2800 kcal, 13-16 years - up to 3000 kcal.

In the diet of young children, there should be a significant amount of proteins, which contain all the essential amino acids, which are found in large quantities in milk, cottage cheese, meat, fish, eggs.

The value of fat in nutrition is determined by the content of phospholipids in it, as well as polyunsaturated fatty acids (linoleic, linolenic), the source of which are vegetable oils (sunflower, corn). These oils are best used in combination with vegetable purees and salads. The amount of higher polyunsaturated fatty acids should cover 1.2-1.3% of the daily calorie intake. in children's nutrition serve as a source of energy and are necessary for the assimilation of fat. Excess carbohydrates, as well as fat, leads to overweight, growth retardation and development in children. The best ratio of proteins, fats and carbohydrates in baby food is 1: 1: 4. The daily nutritional requirements of children are presented in Table 3.

A well-organized regimen is of great importance in the nutrition of children. With a well-composed diet and a properly organized diet (rational ratio of food components and strict adherence to the feeding time), optimal conditions are created for the absorption and assimilation of all nutrients. Violation of the regimen (see) up to 1 year (frequent and monotonous feeding with cow's milk, flour products, non-observance of the order of introducing complementary foods) often leads to eating disorders. Children over 1 year old should receive food 4 times a day. The distribution of feedings by the amount of food introduced should be as follows: breakfast - 30% of the daily ration, lunch - 40-45%, afternoon tea - 10%, dinner - 20%. The last feed is given 1-2 hours before bedtime. Meat and legumes are best served in the morning and afternoon, and dinner should consist of dairy or vegetable dishes.

Children's nutrition is based on the age-related needs of children for nutrients, taking into account the caloric requirement (Table 8). In the USSR, the division into the following age groups is accepted: 1 - 3 years, 3-7, 7-11, 11-15 years. It has been established that children aged 1 - 3 years spend about 1000 kcal per day, from 3 to 7 - 1500-1800 kcal, 7-11 years old - 2000 kcal, I -15 years old - 2400 kcal.

The ratio of proteins, fats and carbohydrates in the diet should be constant as 1: 1: 3 (or 4). If this ratio is violated, a diet of even high calorie content will be inadequate.

Proteins of animal origin for children 1-3 years old should be about 75%, and for older children - 65-50% of the total amount of protein in the diet. It should also be borne in mind that about 15% of the daily caloric intake is covered by proteins, 35% - fats, 50% - carbohydrates. Vitamins, minerals and water are essential ingredients in the diet of children. With the right set of products and appropriate culinary and technological processing, the child's need for these substances can be satisfied. However, in some cases, vitamins, minerals, and water have to be added to the diet.

With a properly organized regimen, children over 1-1.5 years old receive food 4 times a day at precisely set hours. Breakfast (about 25% of the daily calorie content) at 8-9 o'clock, lunch (35-40%) at 12-13 o'clock, afternoon tea (10-15%) at 16 o'clock and dinner (up to 25%) at 19 o'clock. For young children, it is more expedient to distribute the daily ration more evenly (lunch 30%, afternoon tea 20%). The child's diet should be built in such a way that protein-rich foods (meat, fish, legumes) are given in the morning (breakfast, lunch); for dinner it is better to recommend dairy, cereal, vegetable dishes.

In boarding schools, meals should be based on the norms established for healthy children of the appropriate age. It should be differentiated by chemical composition, calorie content and daily volume. So, for children 1-3 years old, the daily food volume is 1000-1300 g, 3-7 years old - 1400-1800 g, 7-11 years old - 2100-2300 g, 11-15 years old - 2400-2700 g.

In institutions with three meals a day, children receive 75-80% of the daily ration at the institution, and dinner (20-25% of calories) at home.

When establishing a diet for schoolchildren, it is necessary to take into account the time of classes at school. Students of the first shift at school should be provided with a hot breakfast, the second shift - an afternoon snack, which makes up 20% of the daily calorie content, that is, 500 kcal for younger students and 700 kcal for older students.

The child's body is growing, its functions are improving, the cognitive and physical activity of the baby is increasing, the need for energy increases. All these reasons affect the child's diet, which is already significantly different from the nutrition of children in the first year of life.

What happens to a child's body from a year to a year and a half?

At this age, children continue to develop the chewing apparatus, a sufficient number of teeth appear - by the age of 1.5, babies should already have 12 teeth. The activity of digestive juices and enzymes also increases, but their functions still do not reach full maturity. The volume of the stomach increases - from 200 to 300 ml. Emptying of the stomach occurs on average after 4 hours, which allows you to eat 4-5 times a day.

The daily volume of food (excluding the liquid drunk) for babies from one year to one and a half years is 1200-1250 ml. This volume (including calorie content) is distributed among feedings in approximately the following ratio: breakfast - 25%, lunch - 35%, afternoon tea - 15%, dinner - 25%. The volume of a single meal can be 250 ml, taking into account 5 meals a day, and 300 ml with 4 meals a day.

How to feed a child from a year old?

For children 1-1.5 years of age, dishes with a mushy consistency are preferred. If a child has chewing teeth (milk molars) erupted by this age, he can be offered whole pieces of food no more than 2-3 cm in size. The child develops a taste perception, an attitude to food, first addictions and habits begin to form. The baby begins to develop a conditioned food reflex at the time of eating, which ensures a sufficient, rhythmic secretion of digestive juices and good assimilation of food. That is why it is important to observe the diet, expand the food ration by introducing new products and dishes.

The cognitive and physical activity of the child increases, and with it the energy consumption of the body increases. The physiological need for energy in the age group from 1 to 1.5 years is on average 102 kcal per 1 kg of body weight. With an average body weight of 11 kg, it is 1100 kcal per day.

The main requirements for a child's diet after a year are - variety and balance in basic nutrients (proteins, fats, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins). Combinations of dishes from vegetables, cottage cheese, cheese, milk, meat of animals and poultry, eggs, cereals and flour products are required.

The basis of the diet of a baby from 1 to 1.5 years- these are products with a high content of animal protein: milk, dairy and fermented milk products, meat, poultry, eggs. The child should receive meals from these products, as well as from vegetables, fruits and cereals.

Dairy products for children from a year

In the nutrition of a baby over the age of 1 year, a large role belongs to milk, dairy and fermented milk products. They contain easily digestible proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals. Fermented milk products contain lactic acid bacteria, which regulate the work of the gastrointestinal tract, have a positive effect on the intestinal microflora, improve digestion, and increase the child's immunity. Milk, kefir, yogurt should be included in the diet of a healthy child every day, and cream, cottage cheese, sour cream and cheese can be used in one to two days.

For children with a normal body weight, products with a reduced percentage of fat are not acceptable, the diet uses milk 3.2% fat, kefir 2.5-3.2%, yoghurts 3.2%, sour cream up to 10%, curds like milk and creamy - 10% fat. The total amount of milk and fermented milk products should be 550-600 ml per day, taking into account the preparation of various dishes. Of these, 200 ml of kefir intended for baby food, a child can receive daily. For babies with intolerance to cow's milk proteins, it is best to postpone the introduction of whole milk until a later date (up to 2-2.5 years), and instead continue to use mixtures for the second half of life (they are made from whole milk powder without adding milk whey).

One-year-olds can only receive specialized infant milk (non-creamy) yogurt with a moderate content of fat and carbohydrates in a volume of up to 100 ml per day. Cottage cheese, as a source of protein and calcium, is necessary for children within 50 g per day. Sour cream or cream 5-10 g can be used for dressing the first courses, hard cheese up to 5 g in crushed form are used in the nutrition of a baby in the second year of life in 1-2 days.

Can children eat eggs?

Definitely yes, if there are no medical contraindications, such as food intolerance, dyskinesia (contraction disorders) of the biliary tract). Eggs are given to the baby hard-boiled or added to various dishes, in a daily volume of 1/2 a chicken egg or 1 quail. Up to a year and a half, it is recommended to use only hard-boiled yolk, mixing it with vegetable puree.

What kind of meat can a child eat?

With age, the amount of meat. Canned meat, meat soufflé, meatballs, minced meat from low-fat varieties of beef, veal, pork, horse meat, rabbit, chicken, turkey in an amount of 100 g can be given to the child every day, preferably in the morning, given their long period of assimilation. The expansion of the diet is due to the introduction of by-products - liver, tongue and baby sausages (the packages indicate that they are intended for young children). Sausages - are not included in the list of "allowed" foods.

Fish day: which fish to choose for the children's menu?

With good tolerance and the absence of allergic reactions in the diet baby low-fat sea and river varieties are introduced fishes (pollock, hake, cod, haddock) in the form of fish, fish and vegetable canned food for baby food, fish soufflé, 30-40 g per dose, 1-2 times a week.

You can't spoil porridge with butter

Vegetable oil at a daily rate of 6 g, it is advisable to use it raw, adding it to vegetable purees and salads. Animal fats child gets with sour cream and butter (daily rate up to 17 g). By the way, in the diet of children over one year old, it is still recommended to widely use gluten-free porridge (buckwheat, rice, corn), gradually introducing oatmeal. It is recommended to give porridge once a day in a volume of 150 ml. Until 1.5 years old, you should not offer a child rich in carbohydrates pasta.

A set of products for children 1-1.5 years old should include bread various varieties of rye flour (10 g / day) and coarse wheat (40 g / day) Cookies and biscuits can be given 1-2 pieces per meal.

We compose a fruit and vegetable menu for children

Vegetables are important as a source of carbohydrates, vitamins, mineral salts, dietary fiber, and should be widely used in the nutrition of children from 1 to 1.5 years old in the form of vegetable purees. The daily volume of vegetable dishes from cabbage, zucchini, carrots, pumpkin with the addition of onions and herbs is 200 g. And potato dishes - no more than 150 g, because it is rich in starch, which slows down the metabolism. Young children, as well as children with functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, should not be offered garlic, radish, radish and turnip.

In the absence of medical contraindications (for example, food allergies), children should receive 100-200 g per day of fresh fruit and 10-20 g berries ... They also benefit from various fruit, berry (preferably sugar-free) and vegetable juices, rosehip decoction (up to 100-150 ml) a day after meals. It is not recommended to use jelly in the diet of young children, as they excessively enrich food with carbohydrates, and their nutritional value is low.

Compote will not replace water

Do not forget that child must get enough fluid. There are no norms for the volume of additional fluid; you need to water the baby on demand (during feeding, in between feedings). It is best to offer your child boiled water, baby drinking water, weak teas, or baby teas. Sweet drinks - compotes, fruit drinks, juices do not compensate for the lack of fluid, and the sugar in their composition reduces appetite, increases the load on the pancreas baby... Make sure that fluid is available to your baby between feeds.

Cooking for children must be right

And a few words about food processing: for baby up to 1.5 years. Porridge, soups are prepared in mashed form, vegetables and fruits in the form of mashed potatoes, meat and fish in the form of soft minced meat (passed once through a meat grinder) or in the form of soufflé, steamed cutlets, meatballs. All dishes are prepared by boiling, stewing, steaming, without adding spices (pepper, garlic, etc.). Spoon feed your baby and drink from a cup.

The daily food volume is 1200-1250 ml. The calorie content of the daily diet is 1200 kcal.

Breakfast: Porridge or vegetable dish (150 g); meat or fish dish, or omelet (50 g); Milk (100 ml)

Dinner : Soup (50 g); meat or fish dish (50 g); side dish (70 g); fruit juice (100 ml)

Afternoon snack : Kefir or milk (150 ml); cookies (15 g); fruit (100 g)

Dinner: Vegetable dish or porridge, or cottage cheese casserole (150 g); milk or kefir (150 ml)

Sample menu for 1 day:

Breakfast : Milk porridge with fruit; Bread

Dinner: Vegetable puree soup; vegetable puree from cauliflower with meat; biscuits; Fruit juice.

Afternoon snack : Yoghurt or biokefir; baby cookies.

Dinner: Curd or milk; fruit or vegetable puree.

At night : Kefir.

Whole milk is milk, during the processing of which none of its components has been changed qualitatively and / or quantitatively - proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and mineral salts, etc.

Gluten-free porridge - porridge that does not contain gluten - vegetable protein of some cereals: rye, barley, oats, wheat (from which semolina is made), which can cause damage to the cells of the small intestine in young children - celiac disease and allergic reactions, since babies have a deficiency the enzyme peptidase that breaks down gluten.

One of the important elements contributing to growth and development is the proper nutrition of the child, in which the quantity and quality of food is balanced in accordance with the needs of the baby.

Specialists in the field of pediatrics and nutrition have developed nutritional norms for children of the first year of life, the violation of which can significantly affect the health of the baby and his physical and mental abilities.

Thus, an insufficient amount of food intake by a child of the first year of life can contribute to the development of dystrophy, rickets, prolapse of the kidneys, which are supported by adipose tissue. Children's nutrition that does not correspond to the age category in terms of quality and composition can lead to delayed development of the child, missing teeth or poor quality, diathesis, allergic reactions, nervous system disorders, mental retardation, anemia.

Healthy nutrition for children is especially important in the first year of life., when the basic functions of the body are laid and the lack of weight, or the absence of any vitamins or vital trace elements, can affect the health of the child as a whole.

Nutrition for children of the first six months of life

The calculation of the nutrition of children in the first year of life can be carried out according to the need for the amount of food, knowing its calorie content and the weight of the baby. Besides, children of the first half of the year breastfed can eat exclusively breast milk, which satisfies all their needs for nutrients and contributes to the normal development of all organs, as well as supplies the body with immune cells that protect the baby from the effects of infection.

Breastfeeding is carried out at the request of the child, who himself determines how often and in what quantity he needs food. As a rule, by the end of the first month of life, the rhythm of breast milk production, as well as its composition, are synchronized with the needs of the baby and there are no problems. The following factors indicate that the baby does not have enough breast milk:

The number of wet diapers per day is less than the number of feedings.
The baby hangs on the chest for a long time and falls asleep more from fatigue than from satiety.
Often wakes up with a hungry cry and falls silent only after he was given a breast.
Weight gain does not meet the monthly growth rate.

If there is at least one of the factors listed, you should contact a pediatrician who will help you do a control weighing before and after feeding, as well as send breast milk for research in terms of its fat content and density. In the event that it turns out that, indeed, there is not enough milk, options are possible with supplementary feeding with mixtures after the main feeding or a complete replacement of one or two feedings with food for children.

The nutrition of children under one year old who are initially on mixtures should be monitored by their parents and meet the age requirements, it is very important to observe the feeding regime, give the baby the amount necessary for his age and take into account the composition of the mixtures.

Calculation of the amount of food for a bottle-fed baby

In order not to overfeed the baby or leave him hungry it is necessary to comply with nutritional standards, including the number of feedings and the amount of food consumed which are individual for each child and change every month as they grow.

There are several formulas that allow you to calculate the volume and calorie intake of a child by months, they are convenient to use and can be taken as a basis by a pediatrician who adjusts the feeding scheme depending on the individual needs of the baby.

The daily requirement for milk or formula for the first 10 days of life

As you know, in the first 2 - 3 days, the child needs a very small amount of nutritious and easily digestible colostrum, which is excreted instead of milk. About 3-4 days, milk appears, or the newborn is fed with an adapted mixture, the amount of which per day can be found out by the formula:

2% of body weight at birth multiplied by the number of days from birth.

The resulting figure is equal to the daily amount of food, then it must be divided by the number of meals. For example, birth weight is 3,200 kg, then on the fourth day from birth he must consume the daily food intake equal to the formula:

(3,200 / 100 * 2) * 4 = 64 (2% of body weight at birth) * 4 (number of days from birth) = 256ml per day.

In this case, the daily nutritional intake of the child in the first 10 days should not exceed 1000 ml per day.

There is an easier way to find out the amount of food per meal, for this you need to multiply the number of days from birth by 10. For example, on the 5th day of life from birth, a one-time norm of milk or mixture is 50 ml, respectively, each subsequent day the norm increases by 10 ml for each meal food.

Method for calculating the volume of food by its calorie content

In the first half of the year, the energy requirements of children for food per day correspond to 115kkl per kilogram of body weight, after 6 months this figure decreases to 110kkl per kilogram. But this method is used only when the calorie content of the food is known, for example, when using baby food.

Let's give an example, the baby's body weight is 5kg, then the daily calorie intake is 5 * 115 = 575kkl. Knowing the calorie content of the mixture per liter 680kl / l, you can find out the amount the child needs per day - (575 * 1000) / 680 = 845, 5 ml per day.

It should be borne in mind that a child's diet at 10 months includes not only mixtures, but also 3 full meals consisting of vegetables, meat and dairy products. Therefore, in order to calculate the diet of a 10 month old child, it is necessary to know the calorie content of all products per 100 g. and take into account that a one-time meal should not exceed 120 - 140g per meal.

Calculation of the daily dose of milk according to the Reich

A fairly simple way to find out the amount of food in order for the nutrition of children in the first year of life to be balanced and sufficient is to divide the baby's weight in grams by his height and multiply the resulting number by 7.

For example, a child weighs with a height of 57cm, 4.9kg. we have a calculation: (4900gr / 57cm) * 7 = 601ml, which corresponds to the norm.

Child nutrition calculator up to a year by months

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Proper nutrition for a child under one year old - can it affect the health of the child as a whole?
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Proper nutrition for a child under one year old - can it affect the health of the child as a whole?

Introduction of the first complementary foods

The composition of mother's milk fully meets the needs of a growing child's body up to 6 months, while adapted formulas, no matter how enriched with various microelements, are not fully absorbed, and a child already at 4 - 5 months needs an additional source of nutrients... You can learn more about healthy eating for children by studying the table of introducing complementary foods by month, taking into account the fact that for children on artificial feeding, complementary foods must be introduced a month earlier.

Consider additional nutrition for children under one year of age for months, starting from six months as with breastfeeding.

Despite the recommendations of pediatricians in previous years, today you should not use applesauce or juice for the first complementary foods, since its acidity can disrupt the balance of bacteria in the baby's stomach and lead to diathesis. The best option for a baby's first acquaintance with adult food would be the introduction of mashed potatoes or a lighter zucchini in season. It should be introduced in the first half of the day, after the main intake of milk or mixture, starting with a teaspoon and gradually replacing the second feeding 80 - 90g. vegetable puree. Gradually, you can make multi-component purees, fruit purees and juices diluted with water.

When introducing new products, it must be remembered that the nutrition of children under one year old does not imply the use of artificial colors, trans fats and preservatives, therefore the best food is healthy food for children in the source of origin, which, mom is sure.

Starting from the moment the baby reaches the seventh month, you can enter fermented milk products prepared with the help of special starter cultures and lactic bacteria. Such food will help the child to quickly adapt to solid foods and create the necessary microflora in the intestines. The nutrition of a seven-month-old child should include two full meals consisting of vegetable soup or mashed potatoes, dairy-free porridge or kefir. The amount of cow's milk products should be limited, as it is a strong allergen in its pure form. By the end of the seventh month, the amount and composition of complementary foods for a child on GW and an artificial baby are equalized.

The nutrition of an eight-month-old baby is becoming more varied, as meat puree from chicken or rabbit, a quarter of the yolk and a little butter or vegetable oil are gradually introduced into the diet. Healthy food for children should be varied and contain all the nutrients needed for growth and development.

Diet food for children under one year old should not contain fried or smoked food; canned food, soups with meat broths and various sweets are also prohibited. During the period when the child already has several teeth, and this happens, as a rule, by the age of 9 months, you should not give the baby solid food, from which a piece may fall off. So carrots, apples and cookies, on which children relieved itchy gums, become pathologically dangerous.

Nutrition for a 10 month old baby

By this age, children can completely switch to an alternative menu, having reserved the right to eat their mother's milk before going to bed and with the first rays of the sun. The number of feedings per day is 5, taking into account breastfeeding or formula.
The diet of a child at 10 months is approximately as follows:

6 - 00 breast milk or 200 ml of formula.
10 - 00 milk porridge or cottage cheese with fruit puree.
14 - 00 vegetable soup or mashed potatoes with meatballs.
18:00 adapted kefir, baby biscuits with milk.
22:00 formula or breast milk.

How to feed a 10 month old baby? Of course, at this age, it is necessary to gradually teach the baby to eat independently from a spoon, for this you can put the child in a special chair and provide him with children's dishes. In this case, you can simultaneously feed the baby yourself with another spoon. A baby's nutrition at 10 months should not consist of completely homogenized foods. This way you can make soups not completely homogeneous, include thicker puddings or meatballs with rice in the diet. By the age of 10 months, the child's gag reflex fades away and more solid food, with which the baby is already able to cope, should be present on the table. It is better to refuse a blender when preparing food for a child of 10 months, kneading everything with a fork. The nutrition of an 11 month old baby practically does not differ from the diet of a 10 month old baby.

Baby food after a year

The nutrition of a one-year-old child is noticeably different from the diet of an infant, for example, the amount of food consumed per day can be equal to 1250 ml. at the same time, meals are reduced to 4. It is recommended to increase the interval between the last meal and breakfast. So, food for children after a year begins with breakfast at about 8 o'clock in the morning, dinner should not be later than 21 - 00 o'clock.

The child's diet per year consists of 25% of the daily allowance for breakfast, 35% for lunch, 15% for an afternoon snack and 25% for dinner.

Baby food recipes after a year should include dairy products, poultry, beef, vegetables, fruits, cereals, fish, eggs, vegetable fats. As little as possible, you need to give the child sweets, flour products, animal fats. Categorically, a child's food from one year old does not include carbonated drinks, chips, sausages and other instant meals. Such food contains many colors and flavors, which can strongly affect the pancreas or liver at one time, cause gastritis, ulcers, or cause severe poisoning.

The nutrition of a child at 1.5 years old usually does not include breast milk or formula, which of course can be consumed by a child at this age, if the mother wants it, but they do not carry much value in themselves. The food should be more solid and not uniform. Little by little, fried foods, such as cheesecakes, pancakes with cottage cheese, cutlets, can be added to the menu, as when eating a child of 2 years old. In this case, you should not allow a heavily fried crust affecting the baby's pancreas. At this age, children are very capricious and selective in food, therefore, when preparing it, the decoration of the dish, as well as the dishes and serving, play an important role. At this age, you can also start teaching your child the correct table manners.

(1 estimates, average: 5,00 out of 5)

Your baby grows up every day. After a year, his digestive system becomes stronger, and energy costs increase. But still, the basic functions of the intestines, stomach and liver are not yet fully mature. At this age, various chronic diseases of the digestive system can begin to form. Therefore, it is important during this period to establish the correct diet for children 1-3 years old.

Volume and calorie content

The energy value of the diet of a child of 1-2 years old per day is up to 1300 kcal. A toddler who is over 2 years old needs about 1,500 kcal per day, and a three-year-old child needs 1,600 kcal per day.

How much food to give a baby, of course, also depends on his appetite... If the baby eats well, rejoice, but do not abuse it, do not accustom him to overeating. This can later lead to obesity. If the baby is not eating enough, try to organize an additional meal for him. Give me a glass of warm milk, yogurt with cookies, kefir with a slice of bun.

Food processing

How do I prepare food for my baby? While he is not yet 1.5 years old - cook the soups and porridge mashed, and give meat and fish in the form of steamed cutlets and meatballs. Fruits and vegetables are best served pureed. From 1 to 3 years, also pay attention to mechanical and thermal processing of food. But it may not be as thorough as it used to be. Cook boiled porridge, light casseroles ... You can try to cook the first fried, but most importantly, low-fat cutlets.

Baby diet

Food in a child's stomach is digested on average within 4 hours. The intervals between meals should be the same. Feed your baby at the same time. Do not allow any food to be taken between these feedings, especially do not give the crumb sweetness.

It is best to feed your baby four times a day. But for very young children 1.5 years old, you can enter the fifth, namely night feeding.

Children should eat meat and fish, that is, high-protein food in the morning. It takes a long time to digest in the tummy. For the afternoon, a lighter meal is fine. For example, lacto-vegetable and carbohydrate. And now about the proportions ...

Milk

A child 1-3 years old should eat about 500-600 ml of dairy products per day. Milk is still very important to him. It is a source of calcium and vitamin B2. And they are necessary for the growth of the baby.

Meat

Nutritionists advise to saturate the child's body with proteins of animal origin. Such proteins contribute to the assimilation of protein, in addition, they retain nitrogen in the body. And without it, the synthesis of DNA and RNA is impossible. The baby must be given meat, but not all types of it. For example, pork and meat from ducks and geese contain too much animal fat, they can overload the baby's digestive system. It is best to give the crumbs chicken meat, lean beef and veal, turkey, rabbit.

A fish

The kid really needs the fish. Its protein is easy to digest. The baby should be given low-fat varieties of sea and river fish. We are talking about pike perch, cod, hake, sea bass.

Eggs

They cannot be abused in the child's food. An allergic reaction is possible. Eggs can be given to the baby in a steeply boiled form or with other dishes. For example, an omelet with milk, cheese cakes are suitable for a child.

Bread and cereals

It is best to give the crumbs oatmeal and buckwheat porridge. Porridge can be prepared with or without milk. It is better to choose bread from wholemeal flour. It is rich in vitamins of group B. And the dietary fiber that it contains - stimulates the intestines.

Don't forget about fresh vegetables and fruits too! There should also be enough of them in the baby's diet.

If it is necessary to calculate the calorie intake for each specific person; you should take into account the length (height) and weight of the body, age, sex, nature of activity, season, climate, room temperature, etc. only all their energy costs, but also to bring body weight to normal. In the opposite case, when the food is excessive and there is an increased body weight compared to the norm, the calorie intake should be limited.

In a warm climate, the calorie content of a child's daily diet should be less than in a cold northern climate. This is due to the fact that heat losses in these areas are many times higher even in summer. In winter, the body's need for high-calorie food becomes greater. The energy consumption of children and adolescents increases significantly if they are fond of sports, i.e. with an increase in traffic intensity.

When calculating the daily caloric intake, it is necessary to take into account the age-sex norms of the physiological need for nutrients and energy, which are developed taking into account the listed features.

In children's health institutions, sanatorium-forest schools for weakened children, children with tuberculosis intoxication, a higher caloric intake is determined (at least 3500 kcal).

High caloric content of food (at least 4000-5000 kcal) is characteristic of student-athletes, especially during the period of time during which competitions and trainings fall, due to high energy costs. During the last 1.5-3 hours of training among schoolchildren-athletes, swimmers, skiers, they reach 25-36% of the daily values.

High-calorie food (3500-4000 kcal) should be provided for schoolchildren - members of student production teams and students who participate in socially useful, productive labor in industrial or agricultural production during the vacation time.

Reducing the calorie content of a child's diet can be achieved by limiting the use of bakery and confectionery products in his diet. It should be remembered that the growing body of a child requires a constant supply of proteins (both plant and animal origin), fats, carbohydrates and the required amount of vitamins.

An increase in the caloric content of food is carried out by the introduction of dairy products, eggs and other sources of fats into the diet of children; in addition, cereals and cereals are needed as sources of carbohydrates. It should also be remembered that increased physical activity leads to an increase in fluid intake.

Caloric intake norms, taking into account the gender and age characteristics of children: