The fastest trains in Russia and the USSR

Russia is not a country with the fastest railways, and we are still very far from Japanese and French super-trains, but this was not always the case and in our country there were always attempts to create our own high-speed trains, and a sufficient number of locomotives and trains, whose high-speed the characteristics are far from being so bad, and in their class they are not inferior to foreign counterparts. In our rating, there are only trains of Russian or Soviet production, created at domestic factories. You can say that without Sapsan and Allegro this is not a rating, but we are ashamed in a country like Russia to look with an open mouth at neighbors, and buy from them, and not create our own, so the rating will be exclusively from domestic trains.

I will not pretend to be one hundred percent reliable, but I will build my rating based on the available data, because there are many myths about overclocking a particular locomotive, but documentary evidence, as usual, is not enough. And so let's start our ten fastest Russian and Soviet trains.

TEP70

TEP70 is in tenth place in our rating. This locomotive is the main diesel workhorse in passenger transportation on Russian Railways. The basic design of the locomotive is so successful that it can be accelerated to very high speeds, but the design maximum speed is 160 km / h. There is no doubt that the locomotive is capable of developing high speed, and there were even rumors that it was accelerated to 220 km / h during tests, but the speed of continuous operation is only 50 km / h, which does not allow us to put it higher in our rating. The locomotive began to operate in 1973, and at present its improved modification TEP70BS is being produced. It is produced at the Kolomna plant, and to date, 300 such cars and 25 more TEP70U are driving across Russia.

In fact, there are plenty of locomotives with a design speed of 160 km / h in Russia, but this is the only diesel with such indicators, and even so massive in production, which is why it deserves its place.

"Martin"

Of course, you won't be able to call Swallow a purely Russian train, but it is he who is next on our list of the fastest Russian trains. The main contribution to the creation was made by the same Siemens. The one who brought Sapsans to Russia. In fact, these trains are Siemens Desiro localized for our conditions. These locomotives are assembled at the Ural Locomotives plant, located in the city of Verkhnyaya Pyshma. The maximum design speed of a swallow is 160 km / h, but in fact the real speed is somewhat lower, however, it is for Russian roads that such trains are just perfect, because often we simply have nowhere to accelerate faster. The main purpose is suburban or intercity transportation for short distances up to 200 km. At the moment, 46 ES2G trains have already been produced.

EP2K

EP2K is arguably the most anticipated locomotive of our time. In the USSR, this niche was successfully occupied by Czechoslovakian emergency situations of various models, and Soviet factories did not really strive to compete with them, and thus for a long time we practically did not have high-speed passenger locomotives of our own production on electric traction. At the turn of the century, the first similar models began to appear in our country, but they were all either slower, such as EP1, or vice versa, faster, but something completely different was required, namely the replacement of Czech emergency situations. This task was successfully coped with at the Kolomna plant and in 2008 EP2K went into series. The maximum operating speed is 160 km / h, but the locomotive can easily go faster, and the speed of continuous operation is 90 km / h. At the moment, more than 300 EP2K locomotives have already been produced and in the future they should completely replace ChS 7.

"Oriole"

In 2014, the Tver Carriage Works presented its newest train, which was named EG2Tv Ivolga. The design speed of the train is 160 km / h, however, Russian Railways made it clear that this was not quite what was expected from the plant. The Swallow is already being produced for such speeds, and the Ivolga needs to be "overclocked". Rumor has it that during tests a train of three motor cars was accelerated to 250 km / h on a straight section, but this has not been documented anywhere, and the full train has not yet given such a speed. At the moment, it is on the basis of Ivolga that a passenger train is being created that can accelerate to 250 km / h, and time will show whether Tverskoy Vagonostroitelny will be able to fulfill this task, but so far two trains have been built, which from 2017 will be run in the Kiev direction of the Moscow railway.

Steam locomotive type 2-3-2

The beginning of the 20th century was marked by a real boom in speed records in a wide variety of industries. Airplanes, cars, steam locomotives - all this moved faster and faster, and new records were set almost every year, and every developed country strove to enter the elite, having high-speed transport. The Soviet Union did not lag behind in this direction, especially considering our distances. In 1936, the first project of a 2-3-2k steam locomotive of the Kolomensky Zavod appeared, which developed a capacity of 3070 hp, which allowed it to accelerate to 150 km / h. Through refinement, the maximum speed was increased to 170 km / h. The locomotive successfully ran in and showed excellent results, but the outbreak of the war did not allow the serial production of the model. At the same time, they worked on the revision of the steam locomotive in parallel at the Voroshilovgrad Plant, and created a slightly faster model numbered 2-3-2B, which had a design speed of 180 km / h. He set his last record in 1957, when he reached a speed of 175 km / h.

EP20

Ep200

The three fastest domestic trains are opened by the experimental EP200 locomotive, built at the Kolomensky Zavod in 1996. EP200 appeared at an extremely unfortunate time, when it seemed to be really needed, but there was no money for its creation, testing and revision. The design speed of the locomotive was 250 km / h, and in operation the speed was limited to 200 kilometers. There is no exact data on the maximum speed on tests.

For all his high-speed advantages, he was not destined to go on permanent flights. At the beginning EP200 did not shine with reliability, especially at high speeds. And after the elimination of the shortcomings, it was never adopted, and in 2009 it was finally written off with the wording "Russian Railways does not need this type of electric locomotives", which looks not just strange, but simply as direct sabotage in favor of the German Sapsan, since it was it was its competitor, especially since on the basis of the EP200, the development of the EP250 and EP300 was already in full swing, the operating speed of which was supposed to be 250 and 300 km / h, respectively. After all the misadventures with the locomotive, the Kolomensky Zavod focused on the production and improvement of TEP70 and EP2k. Perhaps in the near future we will still see high-speed locomotives and trains that will come out of the gates of the Kolomensky Zavod, but this will not be EP200.

Falcon 250

The fate of this train was no less sad than the EP200. The technical requirements for the development of a new high-speed train were ready in 1993. The leading enterprise-developer was the Central Design Bureau MT "RUBIN". The Falcon 250 set off for its first tests in 1998, during which everything that was possible was tested, and the train itself developed a maximum speed of 236 km / h, while its design speed was 250 km / h. During the tests, quite a lot of various, but eliminated shortcomings were found, and in fact the train was 90% ready. However, for some unknown reason, the project was curtailed and Sokol was sent to the museum. In fact, along with this locomotive, all the developments in the creation of such high-speed trains were ditched, and if we now try to do the same, we will have to start from scratch again.

TEP 80

Overtook time - that is how they spoke about the fastest Russian locomotive. Is it funny to say, but the fastest locomotive in Russia is not an electric locomotive, but a diesel locomotive TEP-80. When it was created, TEP 70 was taken as a basis, which was not so fast, but had excellent potential for development. The TEP 80 was equipped with a one and a half times more powerful engine with a capacity of 6,000 hp, and it was this engine that allowed the locomotive to accelerate on tests to a record 271 km / h for Russia. By the way, this record has not been broken by more than one diesel locomotive in the world so far.

It was made at the Kolomensky Zavod in 1988-89, but the chaos in the country of the Soviets did not favor such breakthrough developments. The tests were carried out by the forces of the plant, and with the collapse of the union, the locomotive did not become necessary to anyone at all. The speed record was set in 1993 and recorded on camera. Why this project has not yet been restored remains a mystery, but it has gone into oblivion, just like the Sokol and EP200, and is gathering dust in the museum, never going on regular routes, although our railways still need such locomotives, but to build, if necessary, will have to be done from scratch.

TRAIN SPEED

TRAIN SPEED

one of the most important indicators of the quality of operational work. The number of kilometers traveled by the train during a unit of time (hour, day) is expressed. There are four types of S. d. P .: a) chassis; b) tech. (distillation); c) precinct (commercial); d) route. Running S. d. P. - the average speed on a homogeneous section of the path in a short period of time, during which there is no significant change in the speed of movement. This speed rarely remains constant over a long period of time, increasing and decreasing as the track profile and driving conditions change. The largest value of the running C d. N. Naz. maximum speed. Technical S. d.p. - the average speed of movement along the tracks between two divisional stations, excluding the idle time of the train at intermediate stations. Tech. The distance of the train is determined by dividing the distance traveled by the train by the time of the actual movement of this train along the tracks. Precinct S. of the item is called. the average speed between two local stations, taking into account the idle time of the train at all intermediate stations. A precinct station is determined by dividing the distance between two precinct stations by the total travel time of the train, including the idle time at intermediate stations. The approach of the precinct railway station to the technical one by introducing a rigid schedule, reducing the time for stopping and disseminating the experience of the best Stakhanovite machinists in non-stop and accelerated running of trains without collecting water at intermediate stations is the primary task of railway workers. tr-that. Route S. d. P. - the average daily speed from the moment the route departs from the loading or formation station until the moment it arrives at the unloading station or disbandment, taking into account all stops at associated precinct and marshalling yards. Route S. d. P. Within one road is calculated according to the distance from the entrance to the exit point of the road, and for transit trains - between these points. S. d. P. On the tracks and sections is established train schedule. In order to ensure the safety of movement, the S. d.p. is limited: a) when moving along the arrows on the deviated side paths - no more than 40 km / h; b) when the train moves in wagons forward - no more than 25 km / h; c) when accepting a train at dead ends - no more than 15 km / h; d) when passing a place surrounded by speed reduction signals - 25 km / h(unless a special warning is given indicating a different speed); e) when pulling up a train stopped on a steep ascent - no more than 5 km/h; f) after departure from a faulty traffic light with a red light - no more than 15 km / h; g) when the trains move after - not higher than the speed of the train in front; h) when switching to manual due to damage to auto brakes - not higher than the speed determined depending on the number of operating hand brakes.

Technical Railway Dictionary. - M .: State Transport Railway Publishing House. N. N. Vasiliev, O. N. Isaakyan, N. O. Roginsky, Ya. B. Smolyansky, V. A. Sokovich, T. S. Khachaturov. 1941 .

See what "TRAIN SPEED" is in other dictionaries:

Train speed, one of the most important indicators of railway operation. e. of transport, expressing the number of kilometers traveled by a train per unit of time (usually an hour or a day). Distinguish between structural, chassis, technical, district, ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

It is usually measured in kilometers per hour, and in theoretical calculations, meters per second. Next to this actual speed of the train, the average or the highest on the way, the commercial speed is often calculated, which is expressed as the average ... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary of F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron

maximum design train speed- The speed accepted for this category of the railway. Source: SP 119.13330.2012: 1520 mm gauge railways ... Dictionary-reference book of terms of normative and technical documentation

The main generalizing tech. the norm establishing the order of all work g. the iron law of the work of transport (L. M. Kaganovich). The train schedule determines not only the movement of trains, but also the work of locomotives, wagons, stations, depots, ... ... Technical Railway Dictionary

For the term "Graph" see other meanings. The train schedule is the organizing and technological basis for the work of all divisions of the railways, a plan for all operational work. The movement of trains strictly according to the schedule is provided ... ... Wikipedia

Maximum permissible train speed- The maximum permissible speed is the speed of the train, which is allowed on the section due to the state of technical means (track, artificial structures, etc.) and is laid down in the train schedule. Maximum permissible travel speed ... ... Official terminology

cargo speed- The speed of movement of trains with industrial cargo when transporting them by rail. Conventionally: for small shipments 180 km, for wagon shipments 330 km, route shipments 550 km per day. ... ... Technical translator's guide

SPEED, CARGO- the speed of movement of trains with industrial cargo when transporting them by rail. Conventionally: for small shipments 180 km, for wagon shipments 330 km, route shipments 550 km per day ... Big accounting dictionary

SPEED, GREAT- the speed of trains when transporting perishable and other valuable goods. Conventionally: 330 km per day for small shipments of non-perishable goods and 660 km per day for perishable goods in refrigerated trains ...

SPEED, CARGO- the speed of movement of trains with industrial cargo when transporting them by rail. Conventionally: for small shipments - 180 km, for wagon shipments - 330 km, route shipments - 550 km per day ... Big Dictionary of Economics

Books

• Instructions for the construction, installation, maintenance and repair of continuous welded track,. Instructions for the arrangement, laying, maintenance and repair of a continuous welded track are developed taking into account the operational and climatic conditions of the continuous welded track, the differentiation of the ...

Maximum speed (Vmax) - the speed of the train, which is allowed on the site due to the state of technical means (track, artificial structures, locomotives, carriages, etc.).

Design speed

Design speed (Vр) - the highest speed on the section with which a train with the maximum mass set for a given type of locomotive and an estimated ascent of unlimited length can follow.

Travel speed

Traveling speed (Vx) - the average speed of movement during non-stop passage of the train along the section. Determined by the formula:

where ZNL is the total train-kilometers on the section, ZNt is the total train-hours in motion on the section without taking into account the duration of train stops and the time spent at these stops for acceleration and deceleration. The running speed depends on the profile and current state of the track, the power of the locomotive, the gross train weight, the resistance to the train movement, etc.

Technical speed

Technical speed (Vт) - the average speed of movement with non-stop passage of the train along the section, but taking into account the actually lost time for acceleration and braking due to train stops:

where ZNtpr is the total train hours spent on acceleration and deceleration at train stops on the section. The technical speed depends on the travel speed and the actual number of train stops.

Sectional speed

Sectional speed (Vuch) - the average speed of the train on the section. The section speed is determined by dividing the total train-kilometers on the section by the total train-hours of the trains on the section:

where ZNtst is the total train-hours of parking on the section, including stops of trains at separate points and downtime on the tracks due to non-acceptance of trains. The section speed depends on the throughput of the section, the size of the movement of freight and passenger trains, the technical condition of the track, blocking and rolling stock, the train schedule and dispatch control.

Route speed

Cruise Speed ​​(VM) —The average speed of a route from a Forming Station to a Disbanding Station. The route speed shows the average speed of the route not only taking into account the time spent on the sections, but also taking into account the downtime of routes at associated technical stations:

where ZNLm is the train-kilometers of routes traveled, ZNtm is the train-hours spent by routes to travel from the station of formation to the station of disbandment.

Cargo delivery speed

Cargo delivery speed (VT) - the average speed of cargo movement from the moment it was received by the road until it was handed over to the recipient.
Running, technical and sectional speeds can be determined not only for individual sections, but also for road sections and the entire railway network. e. To do this, it is enough to sum up the district train-kilometers and train-hours, respectively, for the road departments and the entire network. The ratio of the corresponding train-kilometers to train-hours will determine the speeds indicated above for these units and for the entire network as a whole.

Train speed is subdivided into structural, maximum, design, running, technical, sectional, route speed. The speed of delivery of goods is also distinguished.

Structural called the highest speed that the design of the locomotive provides. Maximum allowable it is customary to call the speed of train movement, which allows the state of technical means (track, artificial structures, undercarriage of cars, brakes, etc.) to develop on a section (direction). Estimated is called the minimum permissible speed with which a locomotive can follow the estimated ascent of unlimited length with a train of the maximum weight set for a given locomotive and ascent. Each series of locomotives has its own design speed. Undercarriage speed is the average speed of a train without taking into account the time spent on parking, acceleration and deceleration at stops, but taking into account constant restrictions when following intermediate stations and other places where deceleration is required, km / h:

where – section length, km; – the sum of the running times of the course along the section without taking into account the time for acceleration and deceleration, h.

Obviously, the travel speed cannot exceed the design and maximum (permissible) speed.

Technical speed is the average speed of a train without stopping, taking into account acceleration and deceleration. It is determined by dividing the distance between precinct stations by the time the train is in motion, including the time for acceleration and deceleration when stopping, following stations and other places with a speed limit (km / h):

.

Precinct speed - the average speed of train movement within the section, taking into account the time spent on stops, acceleration and deceleration (km / h):

,

where T uch - total travel time of the train along the section, h; – total time of train stops at intermediate stations of the section, h.

To assess how successfully the technical speed is used in the graph, the so-called speed coefficient is derived:

Route speed shows the average speed of the train along its entire route, km / h:

,

where – distance traveled by a train along its entire route, km;