What is an individual thermal item (ITP). Individual thermal item for apartment building: schemes and solutions Development of a system of automation of the thermal point of a residential building

An individual thermal item is designed to save heat, regulating supply parameters. This is a complex located in a separate room. It can be operated in a private or apartment building. ITP (individual thermal item), what it is, as it works and functions, consider in more detail.

ITP: tasks, functions, appointment

By definition, the ITP is a thermal item, a heating building is completely or partly. The complex gets energy from the network (CTP, central thermal point or boiler room) and distributes it to consumers:

  • DHW (hot water supply);
  • heating;
  • ventilation.

It is possible to regulate, as the heating mode in the residential room, the basement, in the warehouse, is different. The following basic tasks are imposed on the ITP.

  • Accounting heat consumption.
  • Protection against accidents, control over security parameters.
  • Disable consumption system.
  • Uniform heat distribution.
  • Adjusting characteristics, temperature control and other parameters.
  • Transformation of the coolant.

It is upgraded to the installation of the ITP of the building, which is not suiced, but carrying benefits. The item is placed in a separate technical or basement, an extension to the house or a separately located number of facilitation.

The advantages of the presence of ITP

Significant costs for the creation of ITP are allowed in connection with the benefits that follow the presence of a clause in the building.

  • Efficiency (by consumption - by 30%).
  • Reducing the cost of operation up to 60%.
  • Heat consumption is controlled and taken into account.
  • Optimization of modes reduces loss up to 15%. Take care of the time of day, weekends, weather.
  • Heat is distributed according to the conditions of consumption.
  • Consumption can be adjusted.
  • The type of heat carrier is subject to change if necessary.
  • Low emergency, high safety operation.
  • Full process automation.
  • Silent.
  • Compactness, dependence of dimensions from the load. The item can be placed in the basement.
  • The maintenance of thermal points does not require numerous personnel.
  • Provides comfort.
  • The equipment is completed under the order.

Controlled heat consumption, the possibility of influencing indicators attracts in terms of savings, rational resource consumption. Therefore, it is believed that the costs pay off at an acceptable period.

Types of TP

Difference of TP - in the amount and types of consumption systems. Features of the type of consumer predetermine the scheme and characteristics of the desired equipment. The method of installation and placement of the complex in the room is distinguished. Allocate the following types.

  • ITP for a single building or its part located in the basement, technical room or a number of standing facilities.
  • CTP - Central TP serves a group of buildings or objects. Located in one of the basements or a separate construction.
  • BTP - block thermal item. Includes one or more blocks manufactured and delivered in production. It is characterized by compact installation, used to save space. Can perform the function of ITP or CTP.

Principle of operation

The design scheme depends on the energy source and the specifics of consumption. The most popular is independent, for the closed GVS system. The principle of operation of the ITP is next.

  1. The heat carrier comes to the item on the pipeline, giving the temperature to heating heating, DHW and ventilation.
  2. The coolant goes to the return pipe to the heat generating enterprise. It is reused, but a part can be spent by the consumer.
  3. Heat losses are replenished with feeds available in CHP and boiler houses (water preparation).
  4. The heat installation includes tap water, passing through the pump for cold water supply. Part of it goes to the consumer, the rest heats up a heater of 1 stage, heading into the contour of the DHW.
  5. The DHW pump moves water in a circle, passing through the TP, the consumer, returns with a partial consumption.
  6. The heater 2 steps acts regularly when the heat is lost.

The coolant (in this case is water) moves along the contour, which contributes 2 circulation pump. Its leaks are possible, which fills feeding from the primary thermal network.

Schematic scheme

This or that scheme of ITP has features depending on the consumer. The central provider of heat is important. The most common option is a closed DHW system with independent addition of heating. In TP, the pipeline comes the heat carrier, it is realized when heating water for systems and returns. To return there is a return pipe that runs to the center to the central item - the enterprise for generating heat.

Heating and DHW arranged in the form of contours, by which the heat carrier moves with the help of pumps. The first is made to design, as a closed cycle with possible leaks, focused from the primary network. And the second circuit is circular, equipped with pumps for DHW, feeding water to the consumer for spending. When heat loss, heating is carried out by the second heating level.

ITP for different consumption purposes

Being equipped for heating, ITP has an independent scheme in which a planing heat exchanger is installed with 100% load. Pressure loss is prevented by installing a dual pump. Feedback is carried out from the return pipeline in thermal networks. Additionally, TP is equipped with accounting devices, a DHW unit in the presence of other necessary nodes.


The ITP, intended for the DHW, is an independent scheme. In addition, it is parallel and single-stage, equipped with two lamellar heat exchangers loaded by 50%. There are pumps compensating for pressure reduction, accounting devices. It is assumed to have other nodes. Such heat-plugs operate on an independent scheme.

It is interesting! The principle of improving the heating system can be based on a plate heat exchanger with 100% load. A DHW has a two-step circuit with two similar devices loaded on 1/2 each. Pumps of various purposes compensate for the reduced pressure and fueled the system from the pipeline.

For ventilation, a plate heat exchanger with 100% load is used. DHW is provided by two such devices loaded by 50%. Through the operation of several pumps, the pressure level is compensated and the feeding is made. Supplement - accounting device.

Installation steps

The TP building or object when installing passes a phased procedure. Almost the desire of tenants in an apartment building is not enough.

  • Obtaining the consent of the owners of the premises of a residential building.
  • Application to heat supply companies for designing in a particular home, the development of bulk.
  • Issuance of technical conditions.
  • Survey of a residential or other object under the project, determining the availability and condition of the equipment.
  • Automatic TP will design, develop and assert.
  • The contract is concluded.
  • The project of the ITP of a residential building or another object is implemented, tests are carried out.

Attention! All stages can be implemented in a couple of months. Caring is assigned to a responsible specialized organization. For success, the company must be well proven.

Operating safety

Automatic heat resistant maintains service with adequate qualifications. The staff introduced the rules. There are both prohibitions: automation does not start in the absence of water in the system, the pumps do not include if the shut-off valves are blocked.
It is required to control:

  • pressure parameters;
  • noises;
  • vibration level;
  • heating engine.

The control valve cannot be exposed to excessive effort. If the system under pressure, the regulators do not disassemble. Pipelines are washed before launch.

Access tolerance

Operation of AITP complexes (automated ITP) requires registration, for which the documentation is provided to the Energonadzor. This coverage covers and certificate of their execution. Need:

  • agreed project documentation;
  • act of responsibility for the exploitation, balance of belonging from the parties;
  • act of readiness;
  • heat resistant should have a passport with heat supply parameters;
  • the readiness of the thermal energy accounting device is a document;
  • certificate of the presence of a contract with the power supply to ensure heat supply;
  • act of acceptance of works from the company producing installation;
  • An order assigning the maintenance, repair, repair and safety of ATP (automated thermal item);
  • a list of persons responsible for servicing installation of AITP and their repair;
  • a copy of the document on the qualifications of the welder, certificates for electrodes and pipes;
  • acts for other actions, the executive scheme of the object is automated heat resistant, including pipelines, reinforcement;
  • an act of crimping, washing the heating, DHW, which includes an automated item;
  • briefing.


Act of admission is drawn up, logs are becoming the following: Operational, instruction, extradition of outfits, detection of defects.

All-apartment ITP

The automated individual heat point in a multi-storey residential building transports heat from CTP, boiler rooms or CHP (thermo-power center) to heating, DHW and ventilation. Such innovations (automatic heat item) are saved to 40% and more thermal energy.

Attention! The system uses a source - thermal networks to which connects. The need for coordination with these organizations.

Many data is required to calculate modes, loads and savings results to pay in housing and communal services. Without this information, the project will not be executed. Without negotiation, the ITP will not be given tolerance. Residents acquire the following benefits.

  • Great accuracy of temperature maintenance devices.
  • The heating is made with the calculation, which includes the condition of the outer air.
  • Reduced amounts for services for utility bills.
  • Automation simplifies maintenance of objects.
  • Repair costs are reduced, the number of personnel.
  • Early finances on the consumption of thermal energy from the centralized supplier (boiler houses, CHP, CTP).

Outcome: How is the savings

The heat item of the heating system is supplied with a metering assembly when entering, which is the key to savings. From the instruments remove the testimony of heat consumption. Accounting itself does not reduce costs. Source source is the possibility of changing regimes and the absence of highlighting indicators from energy supply companies, accurate determination. It will be impossible to write an additional cost, leakage, expenses on such a consumer. The payback occurs in the time of 5 months, as the average value with saving up to 30%.

Automated coolant feed from the centralized supplier - heating mains. Installation of a modern heating and ventilation assembly makes it possible to take into account seasonal and daily temperature changes during operation. Correction mode - automatic. Heat consumption decreases by 30% at payback from 2 to 5 years.

On the basis of automation means of Aries by specialists of the company "Control and Drive Devices", an automated control system has been developed for the management of individual thermal items of the residential complex in Perm. The supply of hot and cold water in four 25-storey highways is controlled using instruments such as a programmable logic controller, I / O modules, operator panels.

Features of automation of ITP

Individual thermal points are complex technological objects with a plurality of controlled and measured parameters, as well as various control circuits. They need to constantly observe, but by the forces of one service personnel, without the appropriate automation, it is difficult to keep track of everything. Indeed, often the emergency operator reacts with a large delay. As a result, the scale of the accident may be very significant, and it is very difficult to understand its reasons in such cases. All this causes damage to the case, turns unreasonably large material costs for the service organization. For example, the pressure exceeding can lead to a rupture of the pipeline, the temperature exceeds - to an increase in coolant costs, the pump crash in winter - to freezing the pipeline.

Only the creation of an automated control system allows to ensure the safe operation of the equipment on individual heat points, makes it possible to quickly identify emergency and pre-emergency situations, promises economic benefits due to a significant reduction in maintenance costs and the use of labor resources.

We list the main goals of creating ACS:

Prompt and reliable receipt of information about the object in real time;

Monitoring the state of technological equipment;

Operational identification of emergency and pre-emergency situations;

The ability to control all technological parameters of objects from the dispatch point due to the remote dispatch.

At the same time, a number of sufficiently rigid requirements are made to the system being created. ASU should:

Work around the clock in real time in accordance with the mode of operation of technological equipment;

To be extensive, that is, if necessary, allow you to connect additional parameters and objects;

Be simple and convenient for production personnel;

Have opportunities for development and upgrades.

As an example, consider the automated system of individual thermal points, which was developed and implemented by specialists from the company "Control and Drive Devices" in one of the residential complexes of the city of Perm. The residential complex consists of four 25-storey houses and two individual thermal items - at the rate of one ITP for two houses. The block diagram of the system is presented in Fig. one.


Fig. one. Flowchart ACS ITP

The following parameters are monitored in each individual thermal station:

The temperature and pressure of the DHW and the HALL in the feed and return pipelines;

Temperature and water pressure on the lower and upper heating areas;

The presence of voltage;

State of circulation, feed and fire pumps (incl. / Off / accident);

Hydge pump control.

Choosing automation tools

Today's market of software and technical automation means is so extensive and rich that in most cases it is quite difficult to choose the necessary equipment to optimally. But, as always, the main thing is the issue of price and quality ratio. And in this regard, the products of the Russian manufacturer looks most attractive, because prices for Russian products are significantly lower than foreign ones. It works in the automation market for more than twenty years and has established itself as a supplier of reliable and high-tech products, which is used in various distribution systems - from the simplest to very complex. It is also important that the company has its own representative offices, service and engineering centers in all regions of Russia, where you can at any time, both by telephone and firm order, get comprehensive consultations on installation, programming and commissioning of equipment.

Therefore, the automated system of management of the ITP was based mainly, the automation means of Aries, namely: a programmable logic controller, I / O modules, operator panels, power supplies. Among the equipment of other manufacturers, we call GSM modem - Siemens MC35i, SDV pressure sensors.

Software is designed using the Masterscada SCADA system. The video editor of the main mnemoshem is presented in Fig. 2. The SCADA system implements alarm system deviation from the norm from the recording to the archive message log, archiving the system parameters with the ability to view trends for each measuring channel, processing technological equipment.

Fig. 2.Arm operator. Mnemoshem ITP

In the second ITP installed the operator panel of the production of Aries. The panels are implemented the same functions as on an automated workplace of the operator: monitoring technological parameters, the control of rhps pumps, viewing the trends of technological parameters, maintaining the magazine accidents.

Adjusting an automatic system

In 2011, an automated system of the first individual thermal point was launched, as a result of which the need for a constant presence of attendants was disappeared. All information about accidents or system deviations is delivered to the service organization using SMS and calls. In addition, you can control technological parameters using SMS requests or remotely from another workstation. For example, if you want to run or stop the pumps, the operator turns on or disconnects them with SMS or with the operator AWP. The possibility of archiving technological parameters, data analysis and equipment operations appeared.

The experience of successful work on the implementation of ACS has allowed its expansion in early 2012, namely to connect the second ITP. Since the system has the ability to upgrade and build up, the connection of the second individual thermal point was performed quickly and promptly.

The control system of an individual thermal point (ITP) is intended for the distribution of the coolant on adjacent subsystems: ventilation, heating system, hot water supply, rising pump system.

The ITP control cabinet informs about the current state of the system by means of light indication. The operator panel provides the display of current information on the status of actuators (valves and pumps), the equipment modes, and also gives information about the current pressures and temperatures of subsystems. In addition, the visualization panel provides the ability to switch actuators on manual control mode.

On the front side of the control cabinet is the operator panel consisting of eleven video frames, which are designed to monitor the status and control of the ITP system.

Composition and functionality of video frames:

This project provides for:

  • local control of pressure and temperature of cold and hot water in heating systems and DHW;
  • automatic regulation of water temperature for heating depending on the outdoor temperature;
  • automatic regulation of water temperature in the DHW system;
  • automatic control of pumps in the heating system;
  • automatic control of circulation pumps in the DHW system;
  • installation of a free programmable controller PLC160-220.U-M of the firms of Aries and monochrome graphics control panel of the IP320, while the controller works in conjunction with the input modules of the Aries firm;
  • the choice of "Work - Reserve" is carried out according to the specified programs of the total operation time of the equipment and optimization of launch and stop;
  • installing regulating valves of the company "Danfoss".

The controller with I / O modules and the control panel is installed in the control panel.

Alarms:

  • pressure drop in pump pressure pipes;
  • excess temperature of hot water for heating;
  • excess the temperature of hot water on the DHW;
  • lowering the temperature of hot water to heating;
  • decrease in hot water temperature on DHW; collected on a shield in a shared light signal;
  • "Accident". Reset the "Accident" signal is made by the button on the IP320 panel.

The controller programming is carried out in the CodeSys environment in accordance with the IEC 61131 standard. Programming languages \u200b\u200bare supported, including a language of graphic functional programming.

Adjusting works include calibration, equipment calibration, functional testing of programs and equipment, launching the system into operation.

The technical solutions adopted in the work drawings comply with the requirements of environmental, sanitary and hygienic, fire-fighting and other rules operating in the Russian Federation, and ensure that the object is safe for the life and health of people, subject to the activities provided for by working drawings.

The working documentation set is made on the basis of a technical task and in accordance with the requirements of the current standards and rules:

  • SP41-101-95 - the design of thermal points;
  • GOST 21.408-93 - Rules for performing working documentation of automation of technological processes;
  • PM 106-82 - Schemes Electrical principal automation systems. Requirements for implementation;
  • GOST R50571 - electrical installation of buildings. Basic provisions. Security requirements.
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