Council of People's Commissars 1917 2nd Congress. Creation of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR

"I All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers 'and Soldiers' Deputies (WHAT ???)

Decree

On the establishment of the Council of People's Commissars

To form to govern the country (what ???), pending the convocation of the Constituent Assembly, a provisional workers 'and peasants' government, which will be called the Council of People's Commissars. The management of individual branches of state life is entrusted to commissions, the composition of which must ensure the implementation of the program proclaimed by the Congress, in close unity with the mass organizations of workers, women workers, sailors, soldiers, peasants and office employees. Government power belongs to the collegium of the chairmen of these commissions, that is, Council of People's Commissars.

Control over the activities of the People's Commissars and the right to dismiss them belongs to the All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers', Peasants' and Soldiers' Deputies and its Central. Isp. To the Committee.

At the moment, the Council of People's Commissars is composed of the following persons:


  • Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars - Vladimir Ulyanov (Lenin).

People's Commissars:


  • for internal affairs - A. I. Rykov;

  • agriculture - V.P. Milyutin;

  • labor - A. G. Shlyapnikov;

  • for military and naval affairs - a committee consisting of: V. A. Avseenko (Antonov), N. V. Krylenko and P. E. Dybenko;

  • for trade and industry - VP Nogin;

  • public education - A. V. Lunacharsky;

  • finance - I. I. Skvortsov (Stepanov);

  • on foreign affairs - L. D. Bronstein (Trotsky);

  • Justice - G. I. Oppokov (Lomov);

  • for food - I. A. Teodorovich;

  • Posts and Telegraphs - N.P. Avilov (Glebov);

  • on affairs of nationalities - I. V. Dzhugashvili (Stalin);

The post of the People's Commissar for Railway Affairs is temporarily not replaced. "

Most impressive is the word: "country", of course, immediately after the title - the deputies do not know what territory!

WIKI about SNK: "

Immediately before the seizure of power on the day of the revolution, the Central Committee of the Bolsheviks instructed Kamenev and Winter (Berzin) to enter into political contact with the Left SRs and begin negotiations with them on the composition of the future government. During the work of the Second Congress of Soviets, the Bolsheviks offered the Left SRs to join the government, but they refused. The factions of the Right Socialist-Revolutionaries and Mensheviks left the Second Congress of Soviets at the very beginning of its work - before the formation of the government. The Bolsheviks were forced to form a one-party government.

The Council of People's Commissars was formed in accordance with the "" adopted by the II All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers', Soldiers' and Peasants' Deputies on October 27, 1917... The decree began with the words:



To form a provisional workers 'and peasants' government, which will be called the Council of People's Commissars, to govern the country, pending the convocation of the Constituent Assembly.


The Council of People's Commissars lost its character as a temporary governing body after the dissolution of the Constituent Assembly, which was legislatively enshrined in the Constitution of the RSFSR in 1918. The All-Russian Central Executive Committee received the right to form the Council of People's Commissars; The Council of People's Commissars was the body of the general management of the affairs of the RSFSR, which had the right to issue decrees, while the All-Russian Central Executive Committee had the right to cancel or suspend any resolution or decision of the Council of People's Commissars.

The issues considered by the Council of People's Commissars were decided by a simple majority of votes. The meetings were attended by members of the government, the chairman of the Central Executive Committee, the manager of affairs and secretaries of the Council of People's Commissars, representatives of departments.

The permanent working body of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR was the affairs department, which prepared questions for the meetings of the Council of People's Commissars and its standing commissions, and received delegations. The staff of the administration of affairs in 1921 consisted of 135 people (according to the data of the TsGAOR of the USSR, f. 130, op. 25, d. 2, ll. 19 - 20.).

By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR dated March 23, 1946, the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR was transformed into the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR.

Legislative base of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR


  • management of general affairs of the RSFSR

  • leadership of certain branches of management (Articles 35, 37)

    • The People's Commissar had the right to single-handedly make decisions on all issues under the jurisdiction of the commissariat headed by him, bringing them to the attention of the collegium (Article 45).

    With the formation of the USSR in December 1922 and the creation of an all-union government, the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR became the executive and administrative body of state power of the Russian Federation. "

    This term has other meanings, see Council of People's Commissars. Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR (SNK RSFSR) ... Wikipedia

    Council of People's Commissars: Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR Council of People's Commissars of the USSR ... Wikipedia

    RSFSR Council of People's Commissars of the USSR ... Wikipedia

    This term has other meanings, see Council of People's Commissars. additional information: List of People's Commissariats of the USSR Council of People's Commissars of the USSR (Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, SNK USSR) ... Wikipedia

    The SNK request is redirected here. Cm. also other meanings. The Council of People's Commissars of the USSR (SNK, Sovnarkom) from July 6, 1923 to March 15, 1946, the highest executive and administrative (in the first period of its existence, also the legislative) body ... ... Wikipedia

    IN AND. Lenin, the first chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Russian Soviet Republic and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR Council of People's Commissars (abbr ... Wikipedia

    This term has other meanings, see Council of People's Commissars. The Council of People's Commissars of the Ukrainian SSR (SNK, Sovnarkom) from July 6, 1923 to March 15, 1946, the highest executive and administrative (in the first period of its existence also ... ... Wikipedia

    - (SNK), in 1917 46 the name of the highest executive and administrative bodies of state power of the RSFSR, then the USSR, union and autonomous republics. In March 1946 they were transformed into Councils of Ministers. * * * COUNCIL OF PEOPLE'S COMMISSARS COUNCIL OF PEOPLE ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

    COUNCIL OF PEOPLE'S COMMISSORS (SNK)- - the former name of the winding executive and administrative body of state power - the Government (see) of the USSR, union and autonomous republics. SNK, as the Government of the Russian Soviet Republic, was created on October 26 (November 8) ... ... Soviet legal dictionary

    - (SNK) until 1946 the name of the highest executive and administrative body of state power of the USSR, union and autonomous republics. For the first time, the Council of People's Commissars headed by V.I.Lenin was formed at the 2nd All-Russian Congress of Soviets. According to… … Great Soviet Encyclopedia

He was first elected at the Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets on November 8 (October 26, old style) 1917 under the chairmanship of Vladimir Lenin as a provisional workers 'and peasants' government (until the convocation of the Constituent Assembly). Management of certain branches of state life was carried out by commissions. Government power belonged to the collegium of the chairmen of these commissions, that is, the Council of People's Commissars. Control over the activities of the people's commissars and the right to dismiss them belonged to the All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers', Peasants' and Soldiers' Deputies and its Central Executive Committee (CEC).

After the dissolution of the Constituent Assembly, the Third All-Russian Congress of Soviets on January 31 (January 18, old style), 1918, decided to abolish the word "provisional" in the name of the Soviet government, calling it "Workers 'and Peasants' Government of the Russian Soviet Republic."

According to the Constitution of the RSFSR of 1918, adopted by the Fifth All-Russian Congress of Soviets on July 10, 1918, the government was called the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR.

In connection with education USSR in December 1922, a union government was created - the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR under the chairmanship of Vladimir Lenin (first approved at the second session of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR in July 1923).

In accordance with the USSR Constitution of 1924, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR was the executive and administrative body of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR, formed by a decree of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR for the term of office of the Central Executive Committee, the Council of People's Commissars of the union and autonomous republics - the Central Executive Committee of the corresponding republics. The Council of People's Commissars of the USSR was supposed to regularly report on the work done at the congresses of Soviets of the USSR and sessions of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR.

The competence of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR was attributed to the organization of direct management of the national economy and all other branches of state life. This leadership was carried out through the central sectoral bodies - non-united (union) and united (union-republican) People's Commissariats of the USSR. The Council of People's Commissars of the USSR supervised the activities of the people's commissariats, considered their reports, and settled disagreements between individual departments. He approved concession agreements, resolved disputes between the Council of People's Commissars of the Union republics, considered protests and complaints against decisions of the Council of Labor and Defense of the USSR and other institutions under it, against orders of the People's Commissars, approved the staffs of all-Union institutions, and appointed their leaders.

The jurisdiction of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR included the adoption of measures to implement the national economic plan and the state budget and to strengthen the monetary system, to ensure public order, the implementation of general leadership in the field of foreign relations with foreign states, etc.

Legislative work was also entrusted to the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR: it preliminarily considered draft decrees and resolutions, which were then submitted for approval by the Central Executive Committee of the USSR and its presidium; from the beginning of the 1930s, all bills had to be preliminarily submitted to the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, although this was not provided for by the constitution ...

The 1936 Constitution made an addition to the definition of the place of government in the state machinery. The Council of People's Commissars of the USSR was defined as "the highest executive and administrative body of state power." The 1924 Constitution did not contain the word "supreme".
According to the USSR Constitution of 1936, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, the Council of People's Commissars of the union and autonomous republics were formed, respectively, by the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the Supreme Soviets of the union and autonomous republics.

The Council of People's Commissars of the USSR was formally responsible to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR (VS) and was accountable to it, and in the period between sessions of the Supreme Council it was responsible to the Presidium of the USSR Armed Forces, to which it was accountable. The Council of People's Commissars could issue decisions and orders binding on the entire territory of the USSR on the basis of and in pursuance of existing laws and verify their implementation.

Orders, like state acts, began to be issued by the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR in 1941.

For the successful implementation of the functions assigned to it, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR could create with itself committees, administrations, commissions and other institutions.

Subsequently, a large network of special departments arose in various branches of government, which operated under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR.

The chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR were Vladimir Lenin (1923-1924), Alexei Rykov (1924-1930), Vyacheslav Molotov (1930-1941), Joseph Stalin (1941-1946).

In the post-war period, with the aim of introducing the names generally accepted in international state practice, by the law of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of March 15, 1946, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR was transformed into the Council of Ministers of the USSR, the people's commissariats - into ministries.

The material was prepared on the basis of information from RIA Novosti and open sources

The events of February 1917 opened up several options for the development of the course of events for the country: liberal and revolutionary. The Provisional Government advocated a gradual, evolutionary transformation of the existing problems in the country through reforms, the Soviets advocated cardinal changes, a change of power. However, the Provisional Government was unable to either retain power in its hands, or decide in existing conditions urgent problems of citizens. In October 1917, against the backdrop of a change in power, a new government was created.

The eventful period from February to October 1917 - the polarization of political forces, the growing popularity of the socialist camp, the government crisis, Kornilovism, the Bolshevization of the Soviets - led to the events of October 1917, the Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers 'and Soldiers' Deputies and the creation of a new government.

In the evening of October 26, at the II All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers 'and Soldiers' Deputies, in order to implement the program of the adopted decrees, it was decided to create a new government, which was named the Council of People's Commissars. On October 27, the "Decree on the Establishment of the Council of People's Commissars" was issued. Initially, this authority was created as a temporary phenomenon until the convocation of the Constituent Assembly, which was scheduled for November 28, 1917. Since 1946, the Council of People's Commissars began to be called the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR.

SNK composition

The first composition of the Council of People's Commissars, immediately after its creation, included only the Bolshevik faction. This was due to the fact that the Socialist-Revolutionaries and Mensheviks refused to recognize the events of October 1917 as legitimate, and, accordingly, did not consider the new government legitimate. They also opposed the appointment of V.I. Lenin as chairman of the Council of People's Commissars. By means of blackmail on their part, an attempt was made to reconsider the political course, appoint a new chairman, and only on these conditions join the membership. However, the attempt failed. An exception was the inclusion of the Left SRs in the Council of People's Commissars after December 10, 1917.

SNK structure

A government was formed from the people's commissars. Each of them was in charge of a certain branch of the country's life, the commissariat. The head of the Council of People's Commissars was its chairman. The first chairman was V.I. Lenin. The position of Deputy Chairman was held by A.I. Rykov. From 1918 to 1937, the Council of People's Commissars was an authority accountable to the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, and from 1937 - to the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR.

After the adoption of the constitution in July 1918, in which the Council of People's Commissars was enshrined as a permanent body of power, 18 commissariats were created:

  • The Supreme Council of the National Economy;
  • Food;
  • Agriculture;
  • Trade and Industry;
  • Labor;
  • Social Security;
  • Enlightenment;
  • Connections;
  • State control;
  • Health care;
  • Financial affairs;
  • Justice;
  • Military affairs;
  • Foreign Affairs;
  • Marine affairs;
  • Internal Affairs;
  • For nationalities;
  • Transport.

SNK activities

The main activities carried out by the Council of People's Commissars after its formation:

  • Decree "On Peace": cessation of hostilities, abolition of secret diplomacy;
  • Decree on the Abolition of the Death Penalty;
  • Decree on Land ": the creation of new principles of land tenure and land use, the abolition of private property;
  • Decree abolishing the ranks and estates, the rights and privileges of officials;
  • Reform of the judicial system: the abolition of the institution of justices of the peace, revolutionary tribunals appeared;
  • Reforming the army;
  • Decree "On workers' control";
  • Introduction of a new calendar from February 1, 1917;
  • Spelling reform.

Goals and objectives of the Council of People's Commissars. The political program of the new governments.

The main idea of ​​the political program of the new government was the strengthening of the Soviet power, the political regime, the solution of the peasant and workers question, the replacement of the regular army, the elimination of private property.

Goals and objectives:

  1. Strengthening the political regime;
  2. Nationalization;
  3. Economic transformation;
  4. Improving the living standards of the population;
  5. Fight against rising prices, unemployment, crime, inflation;
  6. The solution of the agrarian and labor question;
  7. Reform of the judicial system, the army.

Pros and cons of the new government

The activity of the Council of People's Commissars is contradictory.

Advantages:

  • Attempts were made to reform and transform the vital sectors of the country, and many vestiges that had hampered the development of the economy were destroyed.

Flaws:

  • Practically from the very beginning of its existence, the Council of People's Commissars ignored the two-party All-Russian Central Executive Committee, elected by the Second Congress, in order to control the activities of the Council of People's Commissars.

    • The absence of the Mensheviks, Socialist-Revolutionaries, who left the congress even before the creation of the Council of People's Commissars, led to the formation of a one-party government, which made it impossible to create a coalition of democratic forces, and led to an increase in confrontation in society.

    The lack of specific plans, visions of the structure of the state apparatus, schemes for organizing power, governing bodies, coupled with the struggle for power, led to a deterioration in the situation of the population.

    He combined legislative, executive and administrative powers.

SNK members

Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars

V.I.Ulyanov-Lenin

People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs

L. D. Trotsky

People's Commissar of Internal Affairs

A. I. Rykov

People's Commissar of Agriculture

V. P. Milyutin

Committee on Naval Affairs

V. A. Antonov-Ovseenko, I. V. Krylenko, D. E. Dybenko

People's Commissar of Labor

A.G. Shlyapnikov

People's Commissar of Trade and Industry

V.P. Nogin

People's Commissar of Public Education

A. V. Lunacharsky

People's Commissar of Finance

I. I. Skvortsov-Stepanov

People's Commissar of Justice

G. I. Lomov

People's Commissar for Food

I. A. Teodorovich

People's Commissar of Almost Telegraphs

N.P. Avilov (Glebov)

People's Commissar for Nationalities I. V. Stalin (Dzhugashvili)

Conclusion

The activities of the Council of People's Commissars in the existing conditions were rather contradictory: not being able to implement the program, plans in a peaceful way, practically from the first days, methods of coercion and directive measures were used. Many decrees of the Council of People's Commissars did not turn into actual laws, but remained on paper.

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