Who lives well in Russia, how many parts. Analysis of the poem "who lives well in Russia" by chapters, composition of the work
Everyone left the house on business, but they did not notice during the dispute, as evening came. They had already gone far from their homes, about thirty versts, decided to rest until the sun shone. They lit a fire, sat down to feast. Again they argued, defending their point of view, they argued before a fight.
Prologue
In what year - count
In which land - guess
On a pole track
Seven men came together:
Seven temporarily liable
Tightened province,
Terpigorev County,
Empty parish,
From adjacent villages:
Zaplatova, Dyryavina,
Razutova, Znobishina,
Gorelova, Neyolova -
Bad harvest too,
Agreed - and argued:
Who has fun
Is it at ease in Russia?
The novel said: to the landowner,
Demyan said: to the official,
Luke said: ass.
To the fat-bellied merchant! -
The brothers Gubins said,
Ivan and Mitrodor.
Old man Pakhom strained
And he said, looking into the ground:
To the noble boyar,
To the Sovereign Minister.
And Prov said: to the king ...
Man what a bull: will get into
What a whim in the head -
Colom her from there
You can't knock it out: they rest,
Everyone stands his ground!
Everyone left the house on business, but they did not notice during the dispute, as evening came. They had already gone far from their homes, about thirty versts, decided to rest until the sun shone. They lit a fire, sat down to feast. Again they argued, defending their point of view, they argued before a fight. The tired peasants decided to go to bed, but then Pakhomushka caught a chick of a warbler and started dreaming: if only he could fly around Russia on his wings and find out; who lives "merrily, freely in Russia?" And each peasant adds that wings are not needed, but there would be food, they would go around Russia with their own feet and learn the truth. The arriving warbler asks to let her chick go, and for this she promises a “large ransom”: she will give a self-assembled tablecloth that will feed them on the way, and even give clothes with shoes.
The peasants sat down at the tablecloth and gave a vow not to return home until they “found a solution” to their dispute.
Part one
Chapter I
The peasants are walking along the road, and around them there is an “uncomfortable”, “abandoned land”, everything is flooded with water, and it’s not without reason that “it was snowing every day”. They meet the same peasants along the way, only in the evening they met a priest. The peasants took off their hats and blocked his way, the priest was frightened, but they told him about their dispute. They ask the priest to answer them “without laughter and without cunning”. Pop says:
“What is happiness in your opinion?
Peace, wealth, honor?
Isn't that so, dear friends? "
“Now let's see, brothers,
What is the rest of the ass? "
From the very birth, the teaching of the priest is difficult:
Our roads are difficult
We have a big parish.
Sick, dying
Born into the world
Do not choose time:
In the harvest and in the haymaking,
On a dead autumn night,
In winter, in severe frosts,
And in spring floods -
Go where the name is!
You go unreservedly.
And even if only the bones
Broke alone, -
No! Every time he will be
The soul will overpower.
Do not believe, Orthodox,
There is a limit to the habit:
No heart enduring
Without a certain thrill
Death wheeze
Funeral sob
Orphan sorrow!
Then the priest tells how they mock at the priest's tribe, mocking the priest and priest. Thus, there is no peace, no honor, no money for the priest, the parishes are poor, the landowners live in cities, and the peasants abandoned by them are in poverty. Not that they, but the priest sometimes gives them money, tk. they are dying of hunger. Having told his sad story, the priest drove off, and the peasants scold Luka, who shouted the priest. Luka stood silent,
I was afraid would not impose
Comrades in the sides.
Chapter II
RURAL FAIR
It is not for nothing that the peasants scold the spring: there is water all around, there is no greenery, the cattle must be driven out into the field, but there is still no grass. They walk past empty villages, wondering where all the people have gone. The "fellow" who met, explains that everyone went to the village of Kuzminskoye for the fair. The men also decide to go there and look for someone happy. A commercial village is described, rather dirty, with two churches: Old Believer and Orthodox, there is a school and a hotel. A rich fair is nearby. People drink, walk, have fun and cry. The Old Believers are angry with the dressed-up peasants, they say that the red calico they wear has “dog's blood”, so there will be hunger! Wanderers
go to the fair and admire different goods. A crying old man comes across: he has spent on drink and there is nothing to buy shoes for his granddaughter, but he promised, and the granddaughter is waiting. Pavlusha Veretennikov, "master", rescued Vavila, bought shoes for his granddaughter. The old man, with joy, even forgot to thank his benefactor. There is also a bookstore that sells all kinds of nonsense. Nekrasov exclaims bitterly:
Eh! eh! will the time come
When (come, desired! ..)
They will make it clear to the peasant
What a portrait of a portrait,
What is the book of the book?
When a man is not Blucher
And not my foolish lord -
Belinsky and Gogol
Will they carry it from the bazaar?
Oh, people, Russian people!
Orthodox peasants!
Have you ever heard
Are you these names?
Those are great names
Wore them glorified
People's defenders!
Here you have their portraits
Hang in your chambers,
The wanderers went to the booth “... Listen, take a look. // A comedy with Petrushka, .. // To the poor, quarterly // Not in the eyebrow, but right in the eye! " Wanderers by the evening "left the turbulent village"
Chapter III
DRUNK NIGHT
Everywhere men see returning, sleeping drunks. Fragmented phrases, snatches of conversations and songs rush from all sides. A drunk guy buries a zipun in the middle of the road and is sure that he is burying his mother; there are men fighting, drunken women scolding in a ditch, whose house is the worst - the road is crowded
What is more ugly later:
More and more often come across
Beaten, crawling
Lying in a layer.
At the tavern, the peasants met Pavlusha Veretennikov, who bought the peasant shoes for his granddaughter. Pavlusha recorded peasant songs and said, what
“Russian peasants are smart,
One thing is not good
What they drink to the point of stupor, .. "
But one drunk shouted: "And the more we work, .. // And the more sober us."
Peasant food is sweet,
The iron saw the whole century
Chews, but does not eat!
You work alone
And as soon as the work is over,
Look, there are three equity holders:
God, king and lord!
There is no measure for Russian hops.
Have we measured our grief?
Is there a measure of work?
A man does not measure trouble,
Cope with everything,
Whatever you come.
A man, working, does not think
That will tear the strength,
So recklessly over the charka
Ponder, what is superfluous
Will you get into a ditch?
Pity - pity skillfully,
To the master's measure
Don't measure the peasant!
Not gentle white-handed
And we are great people
At work and in fun!
“Write: In the village of Bossove
Yakim Nagoy lives
He works to death
Drinks half to death! .. "
Yakim lived in St. Petersburg, but he decided to compete with the "merchant", so he ended up in prison. Since then, thirty years "fried on the strip under the sun." He once bought pictures for his son and hung them on the walls of the hut. Yakim had accumulated “thirty-five rubles”. There was a fire, he would have saved money, but he began to collect pictures. Rubles have merged into a lump, now they give eleven rubles for them.
The peasants agree with Yakim:
“We drink - it means we feel strength!
Great sorrow will come
How can we stop drinking! ..
The work would not fail
The trouble would not prevail
Hops won't prevail over us! "
Then the daring Russian song "about the Volga-mother", "about the girl's beauty" burst out.
Peasant wanderers refreshed themselves at the self-assembled tablecloth, left Roman on guard at the bucket, and went to look for the happy one themselves.
Chapter IV
HAPPY
In a loud crowd, festive
Wanderers walked
They called out the cry:
"Hey! is there no happy one?
Show up! If it turns out
That you live happily
We have a bucket ready:
Drink for free, as much as you like -
We will treat you to glory! .. "
There were many “hunters for a drink of free wine” gathered.
The sexton who came said that happiness was in “complacency,” but they drove him away. The “old old woman” came and said that she was happy: in the fall she had a turnip of up to a thousand on a small ridge. They laughed at her, but no vodka was given. A soldier came and said that he is happy
“...That in twenty battles
I was, not killed!
I walked neither full nor hungry,
But death was not given!
I beat mercilessly with sticks,
And at least feel it - alive! "
The soldier was given a drink:
You are happy - there is no word!
“Olonchanin stonemason” came to boast of strength. They brought it to him too. A man came with shortness of breath and advised the resident of Olonchan not to boast of strength. He, too, was strong, but overstrained, lifting fourteen poods to the second floor. A "courtyard man" came and boasted that the boyar Peremet'eva had a beloved slave and was sick with a noble disease - "for her, I am a nobleman." "Yes, it is called!" But the peasants did not bring him a drink. The “yellow-haired Belarusian” came and said that he was happy that he was eating enough rye bread. A man came "with a bent cheekbone." Three of his comrades were broken by bears, and he is alive. They brought it to him. The beggars came and boasted of the happiness that they were served everywhere.
Our pilgrims realized,
That they spent vodka for nothing.
By the way, and a little bucket,
End. “Well, it will be with you!
Hey, muzhik happiness!
Leaky with patches
Humpbacked with calluses
Get out home! "
They advise the peasants to look for Yermil Girin - that's who is happy. Yermila kept the mill. They decided to sell it, Yermila was bargaining, one rival, the merchant Altynnikov, was a donkey. But Yermil outbid the miller. You only need to pay a third of the price, and Yermil had no money with him. He interrogated a half-hour reprieve. In court, they were surprised that he would have time in half an hour, to drive him thirty-five miles to the house, but they gave him half an hour. Yermil came to the marketplace, and that day there was a market. Ermil turned to the people to give him a loan:
“Be quiet, listen,
I'll tell you the word! "
“Long time merchant Altynnikov
Tied to the mill
Yes, I didn’t do it either,
Five times inquired in the city, .. "
Today I arrived “without a penny,” but they set a bargaining and laugh, what
(outsmarted:
“Cunning, strong clerk,
And the world is stronger than theirs, .. "
“If you know Yermila,
If you believe Yermila,
So help out, eh! .. "
And a miracle happened -
Throughout the marketplace
Every peasant
Like the wind half left
Suddenly spun!
The clerk was surprised,
Altynnikov turned green,
When he is full of the whole thousand
I put them on the table! ..
On the following Friday Yermil “people were counting on the same square”. Although he did not write down from whom he took how much, "Yermil did not have to give an extra penny." There was an extra ruble left, until the evening Yermil was looking for the owner, and in the evening he gave it to the blind, because the owner was not found. Wanderers are interested in how Yermil won such authority among the people. About twenty years ago he was a clerk, he helped the peasants without extorting money from them. Then the whole estate chose Yermila as the steward. And Yermil served the people honestly for seven years, and then, instead of his brother Mitri, he gave the widow's son to the soldiers. Out of remorse, Yermil wanted to hang himself. They returned the boy to the widow so that Yermil would not do anything on himself. No matter how they asked him, he resigned from his post, rented a mill and grinded everyone without cheating. The wanderers want to find Yermila, but the priest said that he was in prison. There was a peasant revolt in the province, nothing helped, they called Yermila. The peasants believed him, ... but without finishing the story, the narrator hurried home, promising to finish it later. Suddenly a bell was heard. The peasants rushed to the road when they saw the landowner.
Chapter V
LANDMARKER
This was the landowner Gavrila Afanasyevich Obolt-Obolduev. He got scared when he saw “seven tall men” in front of the troika, and, drawing out a pistol, began to threaten the men, but they told him that they were not robbers, but wanted to know if he was a happy person?
“Tell us in a divine way,
Is the life of a landowner sweet?
How are you - at ease, happily,
Landowners, do you live? "
“Having laughed to his fill,” the landowner began to say that he was of an ancient family. His family originated two hundred and fifty years ago through his father and three hundred years ago through his mother. There was a time, says the landowner, when everyone honored them, everything around was the property of the clan. It used to be that they had holidays for a month. What splendid hunts there were in the fall! And he poetically talks about it. Then he remembers that he punished the peasants, but lovingly. But on Christ's Resurrection he kissed everyone, did not disdain anyone. The peasants heard the funeral bells ringing. And the landowner said:
“The call is not for the peasant!
According to the landlord's life
They call! .. Oh, life is wide!
I'm sorry, goodbye forever!
Farewell to landlord Russia!
Now not that Russia! "
According to the landowner, his estate has been transferred, the estates are dying, forests are being cut down, the land is not cultivated. The people are drinking.
The literati shout that they need to work, but the landlords are not used to:
“I will tell you without bragging,
I live almost without a break
In the village for forty years
And from a rye ear
I do not distinguish barley,
And they sing to me: "Work!"
The landowner cries, because the free life is over: “The great chain has broken,
Torn - jumped:
One end for the master,
The other for the peasant! .. "
Part two
PEASANT
Prologue
“Not everything between men
To look for the happy
Let's touch the women! " -
Our pilgrims decided
And they began to interrogate the women.
They said how they cut it off:
“We don't have such a thing,
And there is in the village of Klinu:
Kholmogorskaya cow
Not a woman! smarter
And smoother - there is no woman.
You ask Korchagin
Matryona Timofeevna,
She is: the governor's wife ... "
Wanderers go and admire the bread, flax:
All vegetable garden
Has arrived: children are running
Some with turnips, some with carrots,
Sunflower is husked,
And the women pull the beets,
Such beets are kind!
Exactly red boots,
Lie on the strip.
The wanderers came across the estate. The gentlemen live abroad, the clerk is at death, and the courtyards wander like restless people, looking at what can be pulled: All the crucians have been caught in the pond.
The paths are so dirty
What a shame! stone girls
Broken noses!
Fruits and berries are gone,
Gone are the swan geese
The lackey has a goiter!
Wanderers went from the manor house to the village. The wanderers sighed lightly:
Im after the courtyard whining
She looked beautiful
Healthy, singing
A crowd of reapers and reapers, ..
They met Matryona Timofeevna, for whom they had traveled a long way.
Matryona Timofeevna
A dignified woman
Wide and dense
About thirty years old.
Beautiful; gray hair,
Eyes are large, stern,
The richest eyelashes
Severe and dark
She is wearing a white shirt,
Yes, a short sundress,
Yes, a sickle over his shoulder.
"What do you want, young fellows?"
Wanderers persuade the peasant woman to tell about her life. Matryona Timofeevna refuses:
“We already have an ear of wheat,
There are not enough hands, dear ones. "
And what are we for, godfather?
Come on sickles! All seven
How will we become tomorrow - By the evening
We'll squeeze all your rye!
Then she agreed:
"I won't hide anything!"
While Matryona Timofeevna was managing the household, the peasants sat down by the self-assembled tablecloth.
The stars are already seated
Through the sky is dark blue
The month has become high
When the hostess came
And she became our wanderers
"Open my whole soul ..."
Chapter I
Before marriage
Happiness fell to me in girls:
We had a good one
Non-drinking family.
Parents didn’t live their daughter, but not for long. By the fifth year they began to accustom themselves to cattle, and from the age of seven she herself went after the cow, carried dinner to her father in the field, grazed ducklings, went for mushrooms and berries, stirred up hay ... There was enough work. She was an expert in singing and dancing. Philip Korchagin, a “St. Petersburg worker,” a stove-maker, got involved.
I grieved, cried bitterly,
And the girl did the thing:
On a narrowed sideways
I looked in secret.
Prigozh-blush, wide-powerful,
Rus hair, quietly speaking -
Philip fell on the heart!
Matryona Timofeevna sings an old song, recalls her wedding.
Chapter II
SONGS
Wanderers sing along with Matryona Timofeevna.
The family was huge,
Grumpy ... I stomped
Happy girlish holi to hell!
The husband went to work, and she was told to endure her sister-in-law, father-in-law, mother-in-law. The husband returned and Matryona cheered up.
Philip on the Annunciation
Gone, and on Kazan
I gave birth to a son.
What a handsome son! And then the master's manager tortured him with his courtship. Matryona rushed to Grandfather Savely.
What to do! Teach!
Of all her husband's relatives, one grandfather felt sorry for her.
Well, that's it! special speech
It's a sin to keep silent about grandfather.
The lucky one was also ...
Chapter III
SAVELIY, BOGATYR SVYATORUSSKY
Savely, the bogatyr of the Holy Russian.
With a tremendous gray mane,
Tea, twenty years old, uncut
With a huge beard
Grandfather looked like a bear,
Especially as in the forest,
Bending over, he went out.
At first, she was afraid of him that if he straightened up, he would pierce the ceiling with his head. But he could not straighten up; he was said to be a hundred years old. Grandfather lived in a special room
He disliked families ..
He didn’t let anyone in, and his family called him “branded, convict”. To which the grandfather answered cheerfully:
"Branded, but not a slave!"
The grandfather often made fun of his relatives. In the summer he caught mushrooms and berries, poultry and small animals in the forest, and in the winter he talked to himself on the stove. Once Matryona Timofeevna asked why he was called a branded convict? “I was a convict,” he replied.
For the fact that the German Vogel, the offender of the peasant, buried in the ground alive. He said that they lived among the dense forests at ease. Only the bears bothered them, but they coped with the bears. He, lifting a bear on a spear, tore his back. When she was young she was sick, but when she was old she bent down so that she could not bend. The landowner called them to his town and forced them to pay their rent. Under the rods, the peasants agreed to pay something. Every year the master called them that, tore them mercilessly with rods, but had little. When the old landowner was killed near Varna, his heir sent a German governor to the peasants. The German was quiet at first. If you can't pay, don't pay, but work, for example, dig a swamp with a ditch, cut a clearing. The German brought his family, and he ravaged the peasants to the bone. They endured the steward for eighteen years. The German built a factory and ordered to dig a well. He came to dinner to scold the peasants, and they pushed him into a dug well and buried him. For this Savely ended up in hard labor, fled; they returned him and beat him mercilessly. For twenty years I was in hard labor and twenty years in the settlement, I saved up money there. Returned home. When there was money, his relatives loved him, but now they spit in his eyes.
Chapter IV
DEMUSHKA
It is described how the tree burned, and with it the chicks in the nest. The birds were there to save the chicks. When she arrived, everything had already burned out. One bird was crying
Yes, the dead did not come
Until white morning! ..
Matryona Timofeevna says that she carried her son to work, but the mother-in-law scolded him and told him to leave him with her grandfather. While working in the field, she heard moans and saw her grandfather crawling:
Oh, poor young lady!
Daughter-in-law is the last in the house,
The last slave!
Endure the great storm
Take the unnecessary beating
And with the eye of the unreasonable
Don't let the baby go down! ..
The old man fell asleep in the sun,
Fed the pigs Demidushka
Silly grandfather! ..
Mother nearly died of grief. Then the judges came and began to interrogate the attesting witnesses and Matryona, whether she was in connection with Savely:
I replied in a whisper:
It's a shame, sir, kidding!
I am an honest wife to my husband,
And old man Savely
A hundred years ... Tea, you know yourself.
They accused Matryona of killing her son in collusion with the old man, and Matryona only asked not to open the body of her son! Led without desecration
Honest burial
Betray the child!
Entering the upper room, she saw the son of Savely reading prayers at the coffin, and drove him away, calling him a murderer. He loved the baby. Grandfather reassured her that no matter how much the peasant lived, he was tormented, and Demush was in paradise.
"... Easy for him, light for him ..."
Chapter V
Wolf
Already twenty years have passed since then. The inconsolable mother suffered for a long time. My grandfather went to repentance at a monastery. As time went on, children were born every year, and three years later a new misfortune crept up - her parents died. Grandfather returned all white from repentance, and soon he died.
As ordered - executed:
Buried next to Demoy ...
He lived for one hundred and seven years.
Her son Fedot turned eight years old, they gave him up as a caretaker. The shepherd left, and the she-wolf took the sheep away, Fedot first took the sheep away from the weakened wolf, and then saw that the sheep had already died, he threw it back to the she-wolf. I came to the village and told everything myself. For this they wanted to flog Fedot, but the mother did not give it up. Instead of a young son, they whipped her. After seeing her son with the herd, Matryona cries, calls out to her dead parents, but she has no intercessors.
CHAPTER VI
HARD YEAR
There was hunger. The mother-in-law told the neighbors that she, Matryona, was to blame. put on a clean shirt for Christmas.
For a husband, for an intercessor,
I got off cheaply;
And one woman
Not for the same
Killed to death with stakes.
Don't joke with the hungry! ..
We barely coped with the lack of bread, the recruitment came. But Matryona Timofeevna was not very afraid, a recruit had already been taken from the family. She was sitting at home, because was pregnant and nursed the last days... A frustrated father-in-law came and said that they were taking Philip to recruit. Matryona Timofeevna realized that if her husband was taken as a soldier, she and her children would disappear. Got up from the stove and went into the night.
Chapter vii
GOVERNOR
On a frosty night, Matryona Timofeevna prays and goes to the city. Arriving at the governor's house, she asks the doorman when it is possible to come. The doorman promises to help her. Upon learning that the governor's wife was coming, Matryona Timofeevna threw herself at her feet and told her misfortune.
I didn't know what did
(Yes, it can be seen advised
Lady! ..) How will I throw myself
At her feet: “Step up!
Deception, not godly
Breadwinner and parent
They take from the kids! "
The peasant woman lost consciousness, and when she woke up, she saw herself in rich chambers, next to the "rash child".
Thanks to the governor,
Elena Alexandrovna,
I am so grateful to her
Like a dear mother!
She baptized the boy herself
And the name: Liodorushka
She chose the baby ...
They found out everything, the husband was returned.
Chapter viii
Banished by a lucky woman
Nicknamed the governor
Matryona since then.
Now she rules the house, raises children: she has five sons, one has already been recruited ... And then the peasant woman added: what are you up to
Not the point - between women
Happy to seek!
What else do you want?
Shouldn't I tell you
That we got burned twice
That god is anthrax
Have you visited us three times?
Horse attempts
We carried; I took a walk
Like a gelding in a harrow! ..
I'm not trampled underfoot,
Not knitted with ropes,
Do not punch with needles ...
What else do you want?
According to the abused mother,
Like a trampled snake,
The blood of the firstborn has passed, ..
And you - for happiness poked!
It's a shame, well done!
But don't touch women, -
Here is God! pass with nothing
Until the grave!
One pilgrim pilgrim said:
“The keys to women's happiness,
From our free will
Abandoned lost
God himself! "
Part three
THE LAST
Chapters 1-III
On Peter's day (29 / VI), passing the villages, wanderers came to the Volga. And here there are huge hay fields, and all the people are mowing.
Along the low-lying shore
On the Volga, the herbs are tall,
Cheerful mowing.
The wanderers could not resist:
“We haven't worked for a long time,
Let's mow! ”
Having amused, tired,
We sat down to breakfast ...
The landowners arrived in three boats with their retinue, children, dogs. Everyone went around the mowing, ordered to scatter a huge haystack, supposedly damp. (The wanderers tried:
Dry senzo!)
The wanderers are surprised why the landowner behaves this way, after all, the orders are already new, and he is fooling in the old way. The peasants explain that the hay is not his,
and “fiefdoms”.
The wanderers, having unfolded a self-assembled tablecloth, talk with old man Vla-drying, ask him to explain why the peasants are pleasing the landowner, and learn: “Our landowner is special,
The wealth is exorbitant
An important rank, a noble family,
The whole century freaked out, fooled ... "
And when he learned about "will", he had a blow. Now the left half is paralyzed. Having somehow recovered from the blow, the old man believed that the peasants were returned to the landowners. He is deceived by his heirs, so that in their hearts he does not deprive them of a rich inheritance. The heirs persuaded the peasants to "amuse" the master, but the slave Ipat did not need to be persuaded, he loves the master for mercy and serves not for fear, but for conscience. What kind of “mercies” does Ipat recall: “How small I was, our prince
Me by my own hand
Harnessed to the cart;
I have reached a frisky youth:
The prince came on vacation
And, having played around, redeemed
Me, the slave of the latter,
In the winter in the hole! .. "
And then in a blizzard, he made Provo, who was riding on a horse, play the violin, and when he fell, the prince ran over him with a sleigh:
"... They crushed my chest"
The heirs agreed with the patrimony as follows:
“Be silent, bow down
Yes, do not contradict the sick,
We will reward you:
For extra work, for corvee,
For even an abusive word -
We'll pay you for everything.
Do not live long for the heart
Hardly two or three months
The doctor himself announced!
Respect us, obey,
We will give you meadows
We'll give you along the Volga; .. "
It almost went wrong. Vlas, being a mayor, did not want to bow to the old man, he resigned from his post. There and then a volunteer was found - Klimka Lavigne - but he is such a thieving and empty person that Vlas was left as the steward, and Klimka Lavigne turns and bows in front of the master.
Every day the landowner travels around the village, finds fault with the peasants, and they:
“Let's get together - laugh! Everyone has it
Your tale about the holy fool ... "
Orders are coming from the master, one more stupid than the other: to marry the widow Terentyeva Gavrila Zhokhov: the bride is seventy, and the groom is six years old. A herd of cows passing by in the morning woke up the master, so he ordered the shepherds to "continue to calm the cows." Only the peasant Agap did not agree to indulge the master, and "then in the middle of the day he was caught with the master's log. Agap tired of listening to the master's abuse, he answered. The landowner ordered Agap to be punished in front of everyone. The master could not move from the porch, and Agap simply shouted at the stable:
“Neither give nor take under the rods
Agap shouted, fooling around,
Until he finished the damask:
How they carried out of the stable
His dead drunk
Four men
So the master even took pity:
"It's your own fault, Agapushka!" -
He said kindly ... "
To which Vlas the narrator remarked:
“Praise the grass in a haystack,
And the master is in the coffin! "
“Get out of the master
The ambassador goes: ate!
Calling, must be, the headman,
I'll go take a look at the gum! "
The landowner asked the steward if the haymaking would be finished soon, he replied that all the master's hay would be removed in two or three days. "And ours - will wait!" The landowner spent an hour saying that the peasants would be landowners for a century: “I’ll be squeezed in a handful! ..” The bailiff makes loyal speeches, which the landowner liked, for which Klim was presented with a glass of “overseas wine.” Then the Latter wanted his sons and daughters-in-law to dance, ordered the blond lady: "Sing, Lyuba!" The lady sang well. To the song the last one fell asleep, they carried him sleepily into the boat, and the gentlemen sailed away. In the evening, the peasants learned that the old prince had died,
But their joy is Vakhlak
It was short.
With the death of the Follower
The gentleman's caress has disappeared:
They didn't let me get drunk
Guardsmen for the Wahlaks!
And beyond the meadows
Heirs with peasants
They are being pulled up to this day.
Vlas is an intercessor for the peasants,
Lives in Moscow ... was in St. Petersburg ...
But there’s no point!
Part four
PIR - FOR THE WHOLE WORLD
Dedicated to
Sergei Petrovich Botkin
Introduction
On the outskirts of the village “There was a feast, a great feast1” With the deacon Trifon came his sons, seminarians: Savvushka and Grisha.
...At Gregory
The face is thin pale
And the hair is thin, curly,
With a touch of red
Simple guys, kind.
They mowed, reaped, sowed
And drank vodka on holidays
Equally with the peasantry.
The men sit and think:
Its meadows are dry
Hand over to the headman - for taxes.
The men ask Grisha to sing. He sings "merry."
Chapter I
BITTER TIME - BITTER SONGS
Cheerful
The landowner brought a cow from the peasant's yard, took the chickens and ate the zemstvo court. The guys will grow up a little: “The king will take the boys, // Barin -
daughters! "
Then all together a song burst out
Barshchinnaya
The beaten man is looking for consolation in a tavern. A man who was driving by said that they were beaten for swear words, until they achieved silence. Then Vikenty Aleksandrovich, a courtyard, told his story.
About an exemplary slave - Jacob the faithful
He lived for thirty years in the village of Polivanov, who bought the village with bribes, who did not know his neighbors, but only his sister. He was cruel to his family, not only to the peasants. He married his daughter, and then, after beating her, kicked him out with her hubby without anything. Yakov's servant beat him in the teeth with his heel.
People of servile rank -
Real dogs sometimes:
The heavier the punishment
So much dearer to them, gentlemen.
Jacob showed up like this from his youth,
Only Jacob had joy:
Groom the gentleman, take care, to please
Yes, a young nephew to swing.
All Jacob's life with the master, they grew old together. The master's legs refused to walk.
Jacob will carry him out himself, lay him down,
He will take him to his sister on a long-term trip,
Himself to get the old woman will help.
So they lived okay - for the time being.
Yakov's nephew, Grisha, grew up and threw himself at the master's feet, asking to marry Irisha. And the master looked at her for himself. He turned Grisha into recruits. Offended by Jacob, he made a fool of himself. "I washed down the dead ..." Who does not come up to the master, but they cannot please him. Two weeks later, Yakov returned, allegedly taking pity on the landowner. Everything went as before. We were going to go to the master's sister. Yakov turned off the road, into the Devil's ravine, unharnessed the horses, and the master was afraid for his life and began to beg Yakov to spare him, he replied:
“Found a murderer!
I'll get my hands dirty with murder,
No, you don't have to die! "
Yakov himself hanged himself in front of the master. All night long the master toiled, in the morning the hunter found him. The master returned home, repenting:
“I am a sinner, a sinner! Execute me! ”
After telling a couple of scary stories, the peasants argued: who is the sinner - innkeepers, landowners or peasants? Argued to a fight. And then Ionushka, who had been silent all evening, said:
And so I will make peace with you! "
Chapter II
Wanderers and God-lovers
Many beggars in Russia, whole villages went “for alms” in the fall, there are many crooks among them who know how to get along with the landowners. But there are also believing pilgrims, whose labors collect money for churches. They remembered the holy fool Fomushka, who lives in a divine way, there was also the Old Believer Kropilnikov:
Old man, whose whole life
Now the will, then the prison.
And there was also Euphrosyne, the widow of the township; she appeared in the cholera years. All the peasants receive, on long winter evenings they listen to the stories of pilgrims.
Such soil is good -
The soul of the Russian people ...
O sower! come! ..
Jonah, the venerable wanderer, told the story.
About two great sinners
He heard this story in Solovki from Pitirtm's father. There were twelve robbers, their chieftain was Kudeyar. Many robbers robbed and killed people
Suddenly the cruel robber
The Lord awakened the conscience.
The villain's conscience overpowered
He dismissed his gang,
Gave up property on the church,
He buried the knife under the bush.
I went on a pilgrimage, but did not pray for my sins, I lived in the forest under an oak tree. The messenger of God showed him the way to salvation - with the knife that killed people,
he should cut the oak:
“... The tree has just collapsed -
The chains of sin will fall. ”
Pan Glukhovsky passed by, mocking the old man, saying:
“You have to live, older, in my opinion:
How many slaves I ruin
I torment, torture and hang
And I would have looked at how I sleep! "
The enraged hermit stuck his knife in Glukhovsky's heart, fell
pan, and the tree collapsed.
The tree collapsed rolling down
With a monk, the burden of sins! ..
Let's pray to the Lord God:
Have mercy on us dark slaves!
Chapter III
BOTH OLD AND NEW
Peasant sin
There was an "ammiral-widower", for his faithful service the empress rewarded him with eight thousand souls. Dying, "Ammiral" handed over to the elder Gleb a chest with a free man for all eight thousand souls. But the heir seduced the headman, giving him freedom. The will was burned. And until the last time there were eight thousand
souls by serfs.
“So here it is, the sin of the peasant!
Indeed, a terrible sin! "
The poor fell again
To the bottom of a bottomless abyss
Quieted down, became pretentious,
They lay down on their bellies;
Lay, thought
And suddenly they began to sing. Slowly,
As a cloud approaches
The stringy words flowed.
Hungry
About eternal hunger, work and lack of sleep of a man. The peasants are convinced that "serfdom" is to blame. It multiplies the sins of the landlords and the misfortunes of the slaves. Grisha said:
“I don’t need any silver,
No gold, but God forbid
So that my fellow countrymen
And to every peasant
Lived freely and cheerfully
In all holy Russia! "
They saw sleepy Yegorka Shutov and began to beat him, for which they themselves do not know. It was ordered by the "world" to beat, so they beat me. An old soldier rides on a cart. Stops and sings.
Soldier's
Sickened by the light
There is no truth
Life is sick
The pain is intense.
Klim sings along to him about the bitter life.
Chapter IV
GOOD TIME - GOOD SONGS
The “Great Feast” ended only in the morning. Some went home, and the wanderers went to sleep right there on the shore. Returning home, Grisha and Savva sang:
Share of the people
His happiness
Light and freedom
First of all!
They lived poorer than the poor peasant, they did not even have cattle. In the seminary, Grisha was starving, only in the wahlach land he ate. The sexton boasted of his sons, but did not think about what they were eating. And he himself was always starving. His wife was much more caring than him, and therefore died early. She always thought about salt and sang a song.
Salty
Sonny Grishenka does not want to eat unsalted food. The Lord advised to “salt” with flour. The mother pours flour, and her food is salted with abundant tears. In the seminary, Grisha
recalled his mother and her song.
And soon in the heart of a boy
With love for poor mother
Love for all wahlatch
Merged - and fifteen years old
Gregory already knew for sure
What will live for happiness
Poor and dark.
A native corner.
There are two ways for Russia: one is “enmity-war”, “the other is honest. Only the“ strong ”and“ loving ”go along it.
For battle, for work.
Grisha Dobrosklonov
Fate prepared for him
Glorious path loud name
People's defender,
Consumption and Siberia.
Grisha sings:
“In moments of despondency, O Motherland!
I fly away with a thought.
You are still destined to suffer a lot
But you won't die, I know.
She was both in slavery and under the Tatars:
“... You are also a slave in the family;
But the mother is already a free son. "
Grigory goes to the Volga, sees the barge haulers.
Burlak
Gregory talks about the heavy share of the barge haule, and then his thoughts spread to the whole of Russia.
Russia
You and wretched
You are abundant
You and mighty
You are powerless
Mother Russia!
Strength of the people,
Power is mighty -
A calm conscience
The truth is tenacious!
You and wretched
You are abundant
You and downtrodden
You are omnipotent
To be our wanderers under their own roof,
If only they could know what happened to Grisha.
Year: 1877 Genre: poem
Russia is a country in which even poverty has its charms. After all, the poor, who are the labor force of the landowners of that time, have time to reflect and see what the overweight landowner will never see.
Once upon a time on the most ordinary road, where there was an intersection, peasants, of whom there were as many as seven, accidentally met. These men are the most ordinary poor men who have been brought together by fate itself. The peasants recently left the serfs, now they are temporarily liable. They, as it turned out, lived very close to each other. Their villages were adjacent - the village of Zaplatova, Razutov, Dyryavina, Znobishin, as well as Gorelova, Neelova and Neurozhayka. The names of the villages are quite peculiar, but to some extent, they reflect their masters.
Guys are simple people, and willing to talk. That is why, instead of just continuing on their long journey, they decide to talk. They argue about which of the rich and noble people lives better. A landowner, an official, an al boyar or a merchant, or maybe even a sovereign father? Each of them has their own opinion, which they cherish and do not want to agree with each other. The dispute flares up all the more, but nevertheless, I want to eat. You can't live without food, even if you feel bad and sad. When they argued, without noticing it, they walked, but in the wrong direction. They suddenly noticed it, but it was too late. The peasants gave the oil thirty miles away.
It was too late to return home, and therefore they decided to continue the argument right there on the road surrounded by wildlife... They quickly make a fire to keep warm, because it's already evening. Vodka will help them. The dispute, as always happens with ordinary men, develops into a scuffle. The fight ends, but it does not give any result. As always, the decision is unexpected. One of the group of men, sees the bird and catches it, the mother of the bird, in order to free her chick, tells them about the self-assembled tablecloth. After all, men on their way meet many people who, alas, do not possess the happiness that men are looking for. But they do not despair of finding a happy person.
Read a summary of Who Lives Well in Russia Nekrasov by chapters
Part 1. Prologue
Seven temporary liable men met on the road. They began to argue who lives amusingly, very freely in Russia. While they were arguing, evening came, they went for vodka, lit a fire and began to argue again. The dispute turned into a fight, while Pakhom caught a small chick. A mother-bird arrives and asks to let her child go in exchange for a story about where to get a self-assembled tablecloth. The comrades decide to go wherever they look until they figure out who lives well in Russia.
Chapter 1. Pop
Men go hiking. The steppes, fields, abandoned houses pass by, they meet both the rich and the poor. They asked the met soldier about whether he was happily living, in response the warrior said that he was shaving with an awl and warming himself with smoke. We passed the priest. We decided to ask him how he lives in Russia. Pop argues that happiness is not about well-being, luxury, and tranquility. And he proves that he has no peace, night and day they can call to the dying man, that the son cannot learn to read and write, that he often sees sobs and tears at the coffins.
The priest asserts that the landowners have scattered throughout their native land and from this now there is no more, as the priest used to have wealth. In the old days, he attended weddings of wealthy people and made money on it, but now everyone has left. He told that he would come to a peasant family to bury the breadwinner, and there was nothing to take from them. Pop went further on my way.
Chapter 2. Village Fair
Wherever the men go, they see poor housing. The pilgrim washes his horse in the river, the peasants ask him where the people from the village have disappeared. He replies that the fair is today in the village of Kuzminskaya. Men, coming to the fair, watch how honest people dance, walk, drink. And they look at how one old man asks the people for help. He promised to bring a gift to his granddaughter, but he doesn't have two hryvnias.
Then the master appears, as the young man in the red shirt is called, and buys the shoes for the granddaughter of the old man. At the fair you can find everything your heart desires: books by Gogol, Belinsky, portraits and so on. Travelers watch a performance with Petrushka, people serve drinks and a lot of money to the actors.
Chapter 3. Drunken night
Returning home after the holiday, people from drunkenness fell into ditches, women swore, complaining about life. Veretennikov, the one who bought the shoes for his granddaughter, walked arguing that the Russian people are good and smart, but drunkenness often spoils everything, being a big disadvantage for people. The men told Veretennikov about Naked Yakim. This guy lived in St. Petersburg and after a quarrel with a merchant ended up in prison. Once he gave his son different pictures, they made fun of the walls and he admired them more than his son. Once there was a fire, so instead of saving money, he began to collect pictures.
His money melted and then only eleven rubles were given by the merchants, and now the pictures in the new house are hanging on the walls. Yakim said that the men do not lie and said that sadness would come and the people would be sad if they stopped drinking. Then the young people began to hum a song, and they sang so well that one girl passing by could not even hold back her tears. She complained that her husband was very jealous and that she was sitting at home. After the story, the men began to remember their wives, realized that they missed them, and decided to quickly find out who lives well in Russia.
Chapter 4. Happy
Travelers, passing by an idle crowd, look for happy people in it, promising them to pour a drink. The clerk was the first to come to them, knowing that happiness is not in luxury and wealth, but in faith in God. He told that he believes and that he is happy. Next, the old woman is a good judge of her happiness, the turnip in her garden has grown huge and appetizing. In response, she hears ridicule and advice to go home. After the soldiers, the story tells that after twenty battles he survived, that he survived hunger and did not die, that he is happy with this. Receives a glass of vodka and leaves. The stonecutter wields a large hammer, he has immeasurable strength.
In response, the thin man ridicules him, advising him not to boast of strength, otherwise God will take away the strength. The contractor boasts that he carried items weighing fourteen pounds with ease to the second floor, but recently he lost his strength and was going to die in his hometown. A nobleman came to them, told that he lived with his mistress, ate very well with them, drank drinks from other people's glasses and developed a strange illness. He was wrong several times in the diagnosis, but in the end it turned out that it was gout. The wanderers drive him out so that he does not drink wine with them. Then the Belarusian told that happiness is in bread. Beggars see happiness in giving. The vodka runs out, but they did not find a really happy one, they advise them to look for happiness from Yermila Girin, who runs the mill. Yermil is awarded to sell it, wins the auction, but he has no money.
He went to ask the people on the square for a loan, collected money, and the mill became his property. The next day, he returned all the kind people who helped him in difficult times, their money. The travelers were amazed that the people believed in Yermila's words and helped. Good people told me that Yermila was a clerk for the colonel. He worked honestly, but he was kicked out. When the colonel died and it was time to choose the bailiff, everyone unanimously chose Yermil. Someone said that Yermila did not correctly judge the son of a peasant woman, Nenila Vlasyevna.
Yermila was very sad that he could let the peasant woman down. He ordered the people to judge him, young man awarded a fine. He quit his job and rented a mill, determined his own order on it. The travelers were advised to go to Girin, but the people said that he was in prison. And then everything is interrupted because on the sidelines a lackey is punished for theft. The wanderers asked to continue the story, in response they heard a promise to continue at the next meeting.
Chapter 5. Landlord
Wanderers meet a landowner who takes them for thieves and even threatens with a pistol. Obolt Obolduev, having understood the people, started a story about the antiquity of his kind, about the fact that while serving the sovereign he had a salary of two rubles. He recalls feasts rich in various foods, servants, which he had a whole regiment. Regrets the lost unlimited power. The landowner told how kind he was, how people prayed in his house, how spiritual purity was going on in his house. And now their gardens have been cut down, houses have been dismantled brick by brick, the forest has been plundered, not a trace of the former life remains. The landowner complains that he was not created for such a life, having lived in the village for forty years he will not be able to distinguish barley from rye, but they demand that he work. The landowner is crying, the people sympathize with him.
Part 2. The last
Wanderers, walking past the hayfield, decide to mow a little, they are bored with work. The gray-haired man Vlas drives women from the fields, asks not to interfere with the landowner. Landowners catch fish in boats in the river. We moored and went around the hayfield. The strangers began to question the peasant about the landowner. It turned out that the sons, in collusion with the people, specifically indulge the master in order not to deprive them of their inheritance. The sons beg everyone to play along with them. One peasant Ipat serves without playing along, for the salvation which the master gave him. Over time, everyone gets used to deception and live like that. Only the peasant Agap Petrov did not want to play these games. The duck was seized by the second blow, but again he woke up and ordered to publicly flog Agap. The sons put the wine in the stable and asked them to shout loudly so that the prince could hear up to the porch. But soon Agap died, they say, from the prince's wine. People stand in front of the porch and play a comedy, one rich man breaks down and laughs loudly. A peasant woman saves the situation, falls at the feet of the prince, claiming that she laughed at her little son... As soon as Utyatin died, the whole people sighed freely.
Part 3. Peasant woman
They are sent to a neighboring village to ask about happiness to Matryona Timofeevna. There are hunger and poor people in the village. Someone caught a small fish in the river and says that once the fish was caught larger.
Theft is flourishing, someone is dragging something to take away. Travelers find Matryona Timofeevna. She insists that she has no time to rant, it is necessary to remove the rye. Wanderers help her, during her work Timofeevna begins to willingly talk about her life.
Chapter 1. Before marriage
The girl had a strong family in her youth. She lived in her parents' house without knowing troubles, she had enough time to have fun and work. Once Philip Korchagin appeared, and his father promised to marry his daughter. Matryona resisted for a long time, but in the end she agreed.
Chapter 2. Songs
Further, the story is about life in the house of the father-in-law and mother-in-law, which is interrupted by sad songs. They beat her once for her slowness. The husband leaves for work, and her child is born. She names him Demushka. Her husband's parents began to scold her often, but she endures everything. Only the father-in-law's father, the old man Savely, felt sorry for his daughter-in-law.
Chapter 3. Savely, the bogatyr of the Holy Russian
He lived in the upper room, did not like his family and did not let him into his house. He told Matryona about his life. In his youth, he is a Jew in a serf family. The village was deaf, one had to get there through thickets and swamps. The landowner in the village was Shalashnikov, only he could not get to the village, and the peasants did not even go to his call. The rent was not paid, the police were given fish and honey in tribute. They went to the master, complaining that there was no rent. Threatening flogging, the landowner still received his tribute. After a while, a notification comes that Shalashnikov has been killed.
A rogue came instead of the landowner. He ordered to cut down trees if there is no money. When the workers came to their senses, they realized that they had cut the road to the village. The German robbed them to the last penny. Vogel built a factory and ordered a ditch to be dug. The peasants sat down to rest at lunch, the German went to scold them for idleness. They pushed him into the moat. He ended up in hard labor, twenty years later he escaped from there. During the days of hard labor, he saved up money, built a hut and now lives there.
Chapter 4. Demushka
The daughter-in-law scolded the girl for the fact that she does not work much. She began to leave her son to her grandfather. Grandfather ran to the field, told about what he had overlooked and fed Demushka to the pigs. The mother's grief was not enough, so the police began to come often, it was suspected that she had killed the child on purpose. For a long time she mourned him. And Savely kept calming her down.
Chapter 5. Patrimony
As the child died, the work stopped. The father-in-law decided to teach and beat the bride. She began to beg to kill her, her father took pity. All day and night, the mother mourned at the grave of her son. In the winter, my husband returned. My grandfather left grief from the beginning to the forest, then to the monastery. After Matryona gave birth every year. And again a series of troubles began. Parents died at Timofeevna's. Grandfather returned from the monastery, asked for forgiveness from his mother, said that he had prayed for Demushka. But he did not live long, he died very hard. Before his death, he talked about three ways of life for women and about two ways for men. Four years later, a praying mantis came to the village.
She said all about beliefs, advised not to breastfeed babies on fast days. Timofeevna did not listen, then she regretted, says God punished her. When her child, Fedot, was eight years old, he began to graze sheep. And somehow they came to complain about him. They say that he fed the sheep to the she-wolf. Mother began to question Fedot. The child said that before he had time to blink an eye, a she-wolf appeared out of nowhere and grabbed the sheep. He ran to the trail, caught up, but the sheep was dead. The wolf howled, it was clear that somewhere in the hole she had children. He took pity on her and gave the dead sheep. They tried to flog Fetod, but the mother took all the punishment upon herself.
Chapter 6. A Difficult Year
Matryona Timofeevna said that the she-wolf then had such a difficult time seeing her son. He believes that it was a harbinger of hunger. The mother-in-law spread all the gossip around the village about Matryona. She told me that her daughter-in-law caused hunger because she knew how to do such things. She said that her husband was protecting her.
After the hunger strike, they began to take the children to the service in the villages. They took her husband's brother first, she was calm that in difficult times her husband would be with her. But my husband was also taken away in the queue. Life becomes unbearable, the mother-in-law and father-in-law begin to pester her even more.
Picture or drawing Who lives well in Russia
Other retellings and reviews for the reader's diary
- Summary of Euripides Iphigenia in Aulis
The action takes place during the Trojan War. It started because of Paris, who stole Elena. The Greek army stands on the opposite bank from Troy. The ships cannot sail because there is no wind.
Who lives well in Russia summary of the chapters
So, in the first part of Nekrasov's work, Who lives well in Russia, we get to know the prologue. In the prologue, we meet men. These are seven people who met on the road, and they came from different villages. Each of them has a name and has his own opinion about who lives well in Russia and then the peasants argue. It seems to the novel that it is good for the landowners to live, Demyan sees happiness in being an official. Luka, on the other hand, thinks that priests live best of all. Pakhom says that it is better for the ministers to live in Russia, and the Gubin Brothers argue that the merchants have a wonderful life, and Pro says that the tsars feel better than everyone else.
And in the dispute, they did not notice how night fell. We decided to spend the night in the forest, continuing our argument. All the animals flee from their cries, the chick, which was caught by one of the men, flew out of the nest. The mother bird asks to give the chick, fulfilling the desire of everyone in response. Further, the bird tells where to find a self-assembled tablecloth. Sitting down to feast, they decide not to go home until they answer the question of who exactly is doing well.
Chapter 1
The men of the priest meet, who are asked how he lives and whether he is satisfied with life. Pop replied that if happiness for them is wealth and honor, then this is not about priests. Pop today is not held in high esteem, incomes are scanty, because the nobles and landowners have left for the capital, and you can't take a lot from mere mortals. At the same time, the priest is called to him at any time of the year and in any weather.
Chapter 2
The men pass several rural settlements, but people are almost nowhere to be seen, because they are all at the fair. The men went there. There were a lot of people there, and everyone was trading in something. There are many not only shops, but also hot places where you can get drunk. The men met an old man who had spent money on drink, but did not buy shoes for his granddaughter. Veretennikov, whom everyone knows as a singer, buys shoes and gives them to his grandfather.
Chapter 3
The fair is over and everyone wanders home drunk. The peasants also went, where arguments are heard along the way. They also met Veretennikov, who says that the peasants drink a lot, but they only say that they drink out of grief, and vodka is like an outlet for them. On the way, the peasants met a woman with a very jealous husband. They remembered their wives here, they wanted to quickly find the answer to the question of who has a sweet life in Russia and return home.
Chapter 4
The men get a bucket of vodka with the help of a self-assembled tablecloth and treat all those who prove that he is happy. Everyone came up and shared their vision of happiness. Someone was poured vodka, someone was chased away, and then the men heard a story about the clerk Yermil Girin, whom everyone knew and even helped out when the judges demanded to pay money for the mill. The people threw off, but Yermila returned everything and never appropriated someone else's. Once he fenced off his younger brother from recruits, after which he repented for a long time, and then resigned from the post of mayor. The men decide to find this Yermila, but on the way they meet a master.
CHAPTER 5
The peasants ask the landowner Obol-Obolduev how he lives. Tom lived well before, but not now, when there is land, but no peasants. He himself cannot work, he can only walk and have fun. All property was sold for debts. The men only sympathize and decide to look for the happy among the poor.
Part two
Walking along the road, the men see a field where hay is being mowed. They also wanted to mow, and then they see an old man sailing to the shore, which gives orders, which they immediately follow. As it turned out, this is Prince Utyatin, who was seized by a blow when he learned that there was no serfdom. Fearing they would lose their inheritance, the sons persuaded people to play the role of peasants for a fee, and they staged performances. Agap alone was not going to hide and told everything. The second blow happened. When the prince came to his senses, he ordered the serf to punish, he was asked to shout in the barn, for which they poured wine. Agap dies, because the wine is poisoned. The people watch as the prince has breakfast and can hardly hold back their laughter. One could not resist and laughed, he was ordered to be whipped, but the caring woman says that this son is a fool. Soon the prince had a third blow and he dies, but happiness did not come, because the sons and peasants began to wage war. As promised by Usiatiny, no one received the meadows.
Part three
To understand who is happy, the men go to a peasant woman in a neighboring village, where hunger and theft are rampant. The peasant woman is found, but she does not want to talk, because she needs to work. Then the men offer help, and Matryona shares her life.
She lived wonderfully in her parents' house. She had fun and did not know troubles, and then her father married off Philip Korchagin.
Now she is at her mother-in-law's house. There she does not live well, she was even beaten once. A child is born there, but the woman was often scolded, and although occasionally the father-in-law's father comes to her defense, life does not get better.
The old man himself lives out his life in the upper room. He also visited hard labor for the murder of a German who did not give the villagers live. The old man often talked with Matryona about his life, talking about the heroism of the Russian.
Then she tells how the father-in-law forbade taking his son with him to the field, he stayed with the old man, who fell asleep and overlooked the child. He was eaten by pigs. The woman later forgave the old man, but she herself was very worried about the death of the child. The woman also had other children. One of the sons was accused of not keeping track of the sheep and giving it to the wolf. The mother took the blame and was punished.
Then she talks about the hungry year. Then she was pregnant, and her husband was about to be taken into the soldiers. Anticipating difficult times, she goes to the governor's wife and loses consciousness at the meeting. When she woke up, she realized that she had given birth. She is nursed by the governor, and also gives an order to release her husband from service. The peasant woman goes home and constantly prays for the health of the governor.
And here she sums up that among women they will not find happy ones, since they all have long since lost the key to happiness.
Part four
On the occasion of the death of the prince, Klim arranges a party in the village. All the peasants gathered to take a walk at a feast, where they argue about how to properly manage the meadows. They sing songs right there at the feast.
In one of the cheerful songs, they remembered about the old days, about the old order. They told about the servant Yakov and his nephew, who liked Arisha, but the master also liked her, so he sent Grisha to the soldier, Yakov drank himself to death, and when he returned to work, he hanged himself in front of the master in the forest. The master cannot find his way out of the forest and the hunter helps him. Later, the master admitted his guilt and asked to be executed. Further, other songs are sung, which tell about different life situations.
Here the peasants started a dispute about who is better off among the robbers, peasants or landowners, and we get acquainted with another story.
We started a conversation about sinfulness, who is more sinful, and then a story about two sinners started. Kudeyar, who killed and robbed people and Pan Glukhov, who was greedy for women and was a drunkard. Kudeyarov had to cut down the tree with the same knife with which he killed, and then God would forgive his sins. But at that moment a pan passed, whom Kudeyarov killed, because the latter brutally killed the peasants. Immediately the tree falls and Kudeyaru's sins were forgiven.
The conversation went further that the peasant's sin is the worst. They talked about how eight thousand peasant souls were granted to the admiral for his services. He wrote free to everyone and gave the chest to his servant. After death, the heir pestered the servant and took the casket from him, burning everything. And then everyone agreed that such a sin is the most.
Then the men saw how the soldier was driving to Petersburg. He is asked to sing songs, and he sang about how hard his fate was and how unfairly they made his pension accrual, considering his bleeding wounds insignificant. The peasants throw off a penny and collect a ruble for the soldier.
The wanderers are walking, they see the hayfield. We haven't mowed for a long time, I wanted to work. They took the scythes from the women and began to mow. Suddenly, music is heard from the river. A gray-haired man named Vlas explains that this is a landowner riding in a boat. He urges the women on, says that the main thing is not to upset the landlord. Three boats are moored to the shore, in them is an old gray-haired landowner, hangers-on, a servant, three barchons, two beautiful ladies, two mustachioed gentlemen. The old landowner bypasses the haymaking, finds fault with one hay, that the hay is damp, requires it to dry out. All curry favor with him and try to serve. When the landowner with his retinue leaves for breakfast, the wanderers pester Vlas, who turned out to be a bailiff, asking why the landowner is in charge, although serfdom has been abolished, which means that the hay and the meadow that are mowed is not his. Vlas says that their landowner is "special" - "he has been weird and fooled all his life, but suddenly a thunderstorm burst out." The landowner did not believe it. The governor himself came to him, they argued for a long time, and by evening the master had a blow - the left half of his body was taken away, he lay motionless. The heirs arrived - sons, "black-mustache guards", with their wives. But the old man recovered, and when he heard from his sons about the abolition of serfdom, he called them traitors, cowards, etc. The sons, fearing that he would deprive them of their inheritance, decide in. indulge him all. One of the "ladies" told the old man that the landlords had been ordered to return the peasants again. The old man was delighted, ordered a prayer service, ring the bells. The heirs persuade the peasants to break the comedy. But there were also those who did not have to be persuaded. One, Ipat, said: “Play with you! And I am a servant of the princes of the Utyatinykh - and that's the whole story! " Ipat recalls with affection how the prince harnessed him to a cart, how he bathed him in an ice-hole - kunal into one hole, pulled out into another and immediately gave him vodka, how he put him on a box to play the violin. The horse stumbled, Ipat fell, the sleigh ran over him, the prince left. But after a while he returned - Ipat was grateful to the prince to tears that he did not leave him to freeze. Gradually, everyone agrees to deceive - to pretend that serfdom has not been abolished, only Vlas refuses to be a bailiff. Then Klim Lavigne is called to be the steward:
I have been to Moscow and St. Petersburg, I went to Siberia with the merchants, It's a pity I didn't stay there! Clever, but a penny does not hold, Heather, and comes across a Missed! Boasted man! I listened to some special words: Attechestvo, Moscow, the first throne, Great Russian Soul. "I am a Russian peasant!" - He grumbled in a wild voice And, kuknuv in the forehead with dishes, Drank in one gulp half-shtof!
Klim has a conscience of clay, And Minin's beard, You look, you think, That you can't find a peasant Degree and sober.
The old order has gone. The old prince walks through the estate, gives orders, the peasants laugh behind him. The prince gives stupid orders: having learned that a widow's house has collapsed and she is making her way with alms, he orders to fix the house and marry her to the neighbor's Gavril; later it turns out that the widow is under seventy, and the "groom" is six years old. Only the peasant Agap Petrov did not want to obey the old order, and when the landowner found him stealing the forest, he told Utyatin everything directly, called him a pea buffoon, and so on. The second blow was enough for Utyatin. But the heirs' hopes were not justified this time: the old man woke up and began to demand the punishment of the rebel - a public flogging. The heirs begin to persuade Agap, they persuade the whole world, Klim drank with him for a day, then, having persuaded, led him to the master's yard. The old prince cannot walk - he is sitting on the porch. Agap was taken to the stable, a bottle of wine was placed in front of him, and he was asked to shout louder. He shouted so that even Utyatin took pity. Drunk Agap was taken home. But soon he died: "Klim shameless ruined him, anathema, with blame!"
Utyatin at this time is sitting at the table - around the servile servants, the footmen chase the flies away, everyone agrees in everything. Peasants are standing at the porch. Everybody breaks a comedy, suddenly one guy can't stand it - he laughs. Utyatin jumps up and demands punishment for the rebel. But the laughed man - "a rich Petersburg resident", came for a while, the local order does not apply to him. The peasants persuade some of the strangers to obey. Those are unlocked. Saves all the burmistrov godfather - rushes at the feet of the master, says that her son laughed - a boy who is not intelligent. Utyatin calms down. He drinks champagne, jokes, "pinches beautiful daughters-in-law", orders musicians to play, makes daughters-in-law and sons dance, laughs at them. One of the "ladies" is forced to sing, falls asleep. They carry him away. Klim says that he would never have undertaken such a business if he did not know that the "last one" is swaggering at his will. Vlas objects that not so long ago it was all serious, and "not in jest and for money." Here comes the news that Utyatin died - a new blow was enough just after the meal. The peasants breathed a sigh of relief. But their joy was premature:
With the death of the Latter, the gentleman's caress has disappeared:
The Guardsmen did not let the Wahlaks get drunk! And for the meadows, the heirs with the peasants are dragged to this day. Vlas is an intercessor for the peasants, Lives in Moscow ... was in St. Petersburg ... But there's no sense in it!
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Part one
PROLOGUE
“Seven peasants came together on the pillar path” and began to argue, “who lives well in Russia”. The men spent the whole day in “pores. After drinking vodka, they even fought. One of the peasants, Pakhom, will twine a warbler that has flown up to the fire. In exchange for freedom, she tells the peasants how to find a self-assembled tablecloth. Having found it, the disputants decide without answering the question: "Who lives happily, at ease in Russia?" - do not return home.
CHAPTER ONE POP
On the road, the peasants meet peasants, coachmen, soldiers. They don't even ask them this question. Finally they meet the priest. To their question, Om replies that he has no happiness in life. All funds go to the priest's son. Himself, at any time of the day or night, can be called to the dying, he has to experience the grief of families in which relatives or people close to the family die. There is no respect for the priest, he is called “the breed of a foal,” about priests they compose teasers, obscene songs. After talking with the priest, the men go on.
CHAPTER TWO RURAL FAIR
At the fair there is fun, people are drinking, bargaining, walking. Everyone rejoices at the deed of "master" Pavlusha Veretennikov. He bought shoes for the granddaughter of a man who drank all the money without buying gifts for his relatives.
In the booth there is a performance - a comedy with Petrushka. After the performance, people drink with the actors, give them money.
From the fair, the peasants also carry printed materials - these are stupid books and portraits of generals with many orders. The famous lines are dedicated to this, expressing the hope for the cultural growth of the people:
When a peasant is not Blucher And not stupid my lord - Belinsky and Gogol Will he carry it from the bazaar?
CHAPTER THREE DRUNK NIGHT
After the fair, everyone returns home drunk. The peasants notice the women arguing in the ditch. Each one proves that her home is the worst of all. Then they meet Veretennikov. He says that all the troubles come from the fact that Russian peasants drink without measure. The men begin to prove to him that if there were no sadness, then people would not drink.
Every peasant has a Soul - like a black cloud - Wrathful, formidable - but the thunders ought to thunder from there, To pour bloody rains, And everything ends with wine.
They meet a woman. She tells them about her jealous husband, who watches over her even in her sleep. Men miss their wives and want to return home as soon as possible.
CHAPTER FOUR HAPPY
With the help of a self-assembled tablecloth, the men take out a bucket of vodka. They walk in the festive crowd and promise to treat those who will prove that he is happy with vodka. The emaciated sexton proves that he is happy with his faith in God and the Kingdom of Heaven; the old woman says that she is happy that her turnip has disfigured - they are not given vodka. The next soldier comes up, shows his medals and says that he is happy because he was not killed in any of the battles in which he visited. The soldier is treated to vodka. The bricklayer got home alive after a serious illness - and this is what makes him happy.
The courtyard man considers himself happy, because, licking the master's plates, he received a "noble disease" - gout. He puts himself above the men, they drive him away. The Belarusian sees his happiness in bread. Wanderers bring vodka to a man who survived hunting a bear.
People tell pilgrims about Yermila Girin. He asked people to borrow money, then he returned everything to the last ruble, although he could have deceived them. People believed him, because he honestly served as a clerk and treated everyone attentively, did not take someone else's, did not shield the guilty. But one day Yermila was fined for the fact that instead of his brother he sent the son of a peasant woman Nenila Vlasyevna to recruits. He repented, and the peasant's son was returned. But Yermila still feels guilty for her act. People advise pilgrims to go to Yermila and ask him. The story of Girin is interrupted by the screams of a drunken footman who has been caught stealing.
CHAPTER FIVE THE ROOM
In the morning, the pilgrims meet the landowner Obolt-Obolduev. He takes strangers for robbers. Realizing that they are not robbers, the landowner hides his pistol and tells the strangers about his life. His family is very ancient; he recalls the sumptuous feasts that used to be held. The landowner was very kind: on holidays he let peasants into his house for prayer. The peasants voluntarily brought him gifts. Now the gardens of the landowners are being robbed, houses are being dismantled, the peasants are working poorly and reluctantly. The landowner is encouraged to study and work when he cannot even distinguish a barley ear from a rye ear. At the end of the conversation, the landowner sobs.
The last one
(From the second part)
Seeing the hayfield, the peasants, yearning for work, take the braids from the women and begin to mow. An old gray-haired landowner with servants, barchats, and ladies comes here in boats. He orders to dry one rick - it seems to him that it is wet. Everyone is trying to curry favor with the master. Vlas tells the story of the master.
When serfdom was abolished, he suffered a blow, as he became extremely furious. Fearing that the master would deprive them of their inheritance, the sons persuaded the peasants to pretend that serfdom still existed. Vlas resigned from the post of mayor. Klim Lavigne, who has no conscience, takes his place.
Satisfied with himself, the prince walks around the estate and gives stupid orders. Trying to do a good deed, the prince fixes the crumbling house of a seventy-year-old widow and orders her to be married to a minor neighbor. Not wishing to obey Prince Utyatin, the man Aran tells him everything. Because of this, the prince had a second blow. But he survived again, not justifying the hopes of the heirs, and demanded the punishment of Agap. The heirs persuaded Petrov to shout louder in the stable, drinking a bottle of wine. Then he was taken home drunk. But soon he died, poisoned with wine.
At the table, everyone obeys the whims of Duck. The "rich Petersburg resident" who suddenly arrived for a while, could not stand it, laughs.
Utyatin demands to punish the culprit. Burmistrova's godfather rushes at the feet of the master and says that her son laughed. Having calmed down, the prince drinks champagne, revels and after a while falls asleep. They carry him away. The duck grabs the third blow - he dies. With the death of the master, the expected happiness did not come. A litigation began between the peasants and the heirs.
Peasant woman
(From the third part)
PROLOGUE
Wanderers come to the village of Klin to ask Matren Timofeevna Korchagin about happiness. Some men fishing, complain to the wanderers that there used to be more fish. Matryona Timofeevna has no time to talk about her life, because she is busy with the harvest. When the pilgrims promise to help her, she agrees to talk to them.
CHAPTER ONE BEFORE MARRIAGE
When Matryona was in girls, she lived "like Christ's in the bosom." After drinking with matchmakers, the father decides to marry his daughter to Philip Korchagin. After persuasion, Matryona agrees to marriage.
CHAPTER TWO SONGS
Matryona Timofeevna compares her life in her husband's family to hell. “The family was tremendous, quarrelsome ...” True, my husband got caught - her husband beat her only once. And so he even "took a ride on a sled" and "presented him with a silk handkerchief." She named her son Matryona Demushka.
In order not to quarrel with her husband's relatives, Matryona does all the work entrusted to her, does not respond to the abuse of her mother-in-law and father-in-law. But the old grandfather Savely - the father-in-law's father - takes pity on the young woman and talks to her kindly.
CHAPTER THREE SAVELY, BOGATYR SVYATORUSSKY
Matryona Timofeevna begins a story about Savely's grandfather. Compares him to a bear. Grandfather Savely did not let his relatives into his room, for which they were angry with him.
Peasants during the youth of Savely paid their rent only three times a year. The landowner Shalashnikov could not get to the remote village himself, so he ordered the peasants to come to him. They have not come. The peasants paid tribute to the police twice: first with honey and fish, then with skins. After the third arrival of the police, the peasants decided to go to Shalashnikov and say that there was no rent. But after the flogging, they still gave some of the money. The hundred-ruble bills, sewn under the lining, did not get to the landlord.
The German, sent by the son of Shalashnikov, who died in the battle, first asked the peasants to pay as much as they could. Since the peasants could not pay, they had to work off the quitrent. Only later did they realize that they were building a road to the village. And that means that now they cannot hide from the tax collectors!
The peasants began a hard life and lasted eighteen years. Angry, the peasants buried the German alive. All were sent to hard labor. Savely did not manage to escape, and he spent twenty years in hard labor. Since then he has been called "convict".
CHAPTER FOUR
Because of her son, Matryona began to work less. The mother-in-law demanded to give Demushka to her grandfather. Asleep, the grandfather overlooked the child, he was eaten by pigs. The arriving police accused Matryona that she specially killed the child. She is declared insane. Demushka is buried in a closed coffin.
CHAPTER FIVE THE WOLF
After the death of his son Matryona spends all the time at his grave, cannot work. Savely is grieving over the tragedy and goes to the Pesochny Monastery to repentance. Every year Matryona gives birth to children. Three years later, Matryona's parents die. At the grave of his son Matryona he meets with his grandfather Savely, who came to pray for the child.
Matryona's eight-year-old son Fedot is sent to guard the sheep. One sheep was stolen by a hungry she-wolf. Fedot, after a long pursuit, catches up with the she-wolf and takes the sheep from her, but when he sees that the cattle is already dead, he returns it to the she-wolf - she is terribly emaciated, it is clear that she is feeding the children. For the act of Fedotushki, the mother is punished. Matryona believes that her disobedience is to blame, she fed Fedot with milk on fasting day.
CHAPTER SIX
HARD YEAR
When the lack of bread came, the mother-in-law accused Matryona of the bey. She would have been killed for this, if not for her intercessor husband. Matryona's husband is recruited. Her life in the house of her father-in-law and mother-in-law became even more difficult.
CHAPTER SEVEN
GOVERNOR
Pregnant Matryona goes to the governor. Having given two rubles to the footman, Matryona meets with the governor and asks her for protection. Matryona Timofeevna gives birth to a child in the governor's house.
Elena Alexandrovna has no children of her own; she looks after Matryona's child as if she were her own. The envoy sorted out everything in the village, Matryona's husband was returned.
CHAPTER EIGHT
THE BABY PARABLE
Matryona tells the pilgrims about her present life, says that among the women they will not find a happy one. When the pilgrims asked whether Matryona told them everything, the woman replies that there is not enough time to list all her troubles. She says that women are already slaves from their very birth.
Keys to women's happiness, From our free will Abandoned, lost By God himself!
A feast for the whole world
INTRODUCTION
Klim Yakovlich started a feast in the village. The parish deacon Trifon came with his sons Savvushka and Grisha. They were hard-working, kind guys. The peasants were arguing about how they should dispose of the meadows after the death of the prince; they wondered and sang songs: "Merry", "Barshchinnaya".
The peasants remember the old order: they worked during the day, drank at night, fought.
They tell a story about the faithful servant Yakov. Yakov's nephew Grisha, asked to marry the girl Arisha to him. The landowner likes Arisha himself, so the master sends Grisha to the soldiers. After a long absence, Yakov returns to the master. Later, Yakov hangs himself in front of the master in a deep forest. Left alone, the master cannot get out of the forest. In the morning a hunter found him. The master admits his guilt and asks to execute him.
Klim Lavigne wins the merchant's fight. Bogomolets Ionushka talks about the power of faith; how the Turks drowned the monks of Athos in the sea.
ABOUT TWO GREAT SINNERS
Father Pitirim told this ancient story to Ionushka. Twelve robbers with ataman Kudeyar lived in the forest and robbed people. But soon the robber began to dream of the people he had killed, and he began to ask the Lord to forgive his sins. To atone for his sins, Kudeyar needed to cut down an oak tree with the same hand and the same knife that he used to kill people. When he began to saw, Pan Glukhovsky drove by, who honored only women, wine and gold, but without pity he tortured, tortured and hanged the peasants. Angry, Kudeyar plunged a knife into the sinner's heart. The burden of sins fell immediately.
OLD AND NEW
Jonah floats away. The peasants again argue about sins. Ignat Prokhorov tells the story of a will, according to which eight thousand serfs would receive freedom if the headman had not sold it.
Soldier Ovsyannikov and his niece Ustinush-ka arrive on the cart. Ovsyannikov sings a song that there is no truth. They do not want to give the soldier a pension, and in fact he was repeatedly wounded in numerous battles.
GOOD TIME - GOOD SONGS
Savva and Grisha take their father home and sing a song that freedom comes first. Grisha goes to the fields and remembers his mother. Sings a song about the future of the country. Grigory sees a barge haule and sings the song "Rus", calls her mother.