The words are opposite in meaning. Verbs - synonyms, verbs - antonyms What are the words ononyms and words synonyms
3. To cultivate love for the native language.
During the classes.
I.Organizing time.
- Good morning everyone morning!
1 slide: Hello school!
Hello class!
You meet us again!
Repeat these words.
See how the sun rejoices in you in response. I think with Have a good mood we will begin our lesson.
Sit quietly.
II... Introduction to the topic.
2 slide:
Read the words:
get through
penetrate
destroy
Why are all these words in one group? ( these are verbs)
Prove it. ( children tell the rule + example)
Read only the first three words. What can you say about them?
(these are verbs that are close in meaning).
What is their significance? ( get inside something).
How else can they be called? ( synonyms)
Quite right, words are friends.
Read the remaining words. What can you say about them?
(These are verbs opposite in meaning)
How to understand the "opposite"? (vice versa)
True, these are words - disputants.
How else can they be called? (antonyms).
Who will name the topic for today's lesson?
3 slide:- Read again the name of our lesson topic:
"Verbs are synonyms, verbs are antonyms."
What do we need them for? ( To make our speech richer, more beautiful and more accurate).
And we will be convinced of this today. And the purpose of our lesson:
Learn to correctly use verbs that are close and opposite in meaning in speech.
Sh. Work in notebooks.
4 slide:
Open your notebooks, write down the number: April twenty-third. Classwork.
A minute of calligraphy... On the chalkboard, carefully read the words for a minute of calligraphy: (One child reading)
quarrel be- dra be
(I point it on the board).
Pay attention to the correct spelling of a part of the word: be and the correct connection of letters Xia (bottom connection).
IV... Working on new material.
What is special about this pair of words? ( These are verbs - synonyms).
How did you guess? ( Words that are opposite in meaning, vice versa).
Who can say what synonyms are? (guys speak out)
In order for you to remember better, I have prepared for you
5 slide: "Knots for memory".
6 slide:- Read Lena.
What can we add specifically to verbs - synonyms?
Read it again and remember.
Tell a friend-to-another rule, giving your examples, use the examples of synonymous verbs you find on the chalkboard.
work move cry
laugh look work
quit laughing lazy
watch raise
go stand
Examination:
What are synonyms? + example
What are antonyms? ( I listen to children)
If I tell you, sit down, will you? (let's get up), look at the board? (we will not look). These are verbs - antonyms.
7 slide: Read Julia, the rule.
A knot (entered - on the contrary? - left), (flew up - on the contrary? - flew off).
Tell each other the rule, give examples, use the words on the board.
What are antonyms?
Well done, they were well oriented, so they remembered.
Let's get some rest.
8 slide: Physical minute. (there are two frogs in the swamp. "
9 slide:
I offer you the "Auction of words".
What is an "auction"?
- Auction - it is a public auction in which a good or property is sold to the highest bidder.
In our case, instead of a product, verbs are given:
scold to scold - to praise
hurry run - stand
construct build - break
intercede protect - offend
dusk darkens - dawns
have fun to rejoice - to be upset
take take - give
Your task in 5 minutes of time, for each verb to choose a synonym and antonym. Whoever writes more words gets the highest score.
Summing up the results.
10 slide: - Who is bigger? (The guys who wrote more words come out).
Let's check how it was possible to write. (Children read the words one by one)
Who learned new meanings of words, replenished their vocabulary?
Well done.
Get ready to dictation a proverb.
-Labor makes you young, but laziness makes you old.
Explain spelling.
11 slide:
Check the correct spelling.
Name only the verbs.
What can you say about them? (verbs are antonyms).
Prove it.
(opening check)
What are synonyms? + examples
What are antonyms? + examples
Who has risen a notch higher in their knowledge?
Well done, I'm glad for you. It means that it will be easier for you to work now,
because:
12 slide: One stone will not lift, but we will move the mountain in peace.
How do you understand the meaning of the proverb?
Name the verb in the first line. Choose an antonym. (let's raise).
What knot did you remember? (same root word, opposite in meaning).
Name the verb in the second line. Find a synonym. (let's move).
Clever girls!
Group work:
Gather in groups: Pattern, bouquet and orchard.
Each team receives a task, and they have the right to a “helping hand”, that is, a hint. In case of difficulty, raise your hand - you get a hint.
Assignment to the "Bouquet" group.
1. Choose the antonyms for the words: disappeared - (?) (Found, appeared)
broke - (?) (made, fixed)
2. Underline verbs - synonyms.
Looks like a goose at the glow. Looks like a cat on bacon.
Assignment to the "Pattern" group.
Replace verbs with synonyms:
The sun went down - (went down, went down)
The plane landed - (landed)
Boy runs - (rushes, rushes)
The river runs - (flows, flows)
Why is the same verb used in different ways?
(More precisely, the thought is expressed).
Task for the group "Orchard".
1.- What are these words? Prove it.
Built, built, erected?
What subjects can I say so?
2 How can you avoid repeating words in a sentence?
(Trolleybuses pass along our street, buses pass, cars pass.)
EXAMINATION!
What helped you in completing all the tasks?
(knowledge of the rules)
Which rules? (What are synonyms, what are antonyms?) + Examples.
Why do we need them?
Listen carefully to the poem (read by Misha), find synonyms for verbs and antonyms for them.
Who was interested in the lesson?
What are the names of words that have the opposite meaning, but refer to the same part of speech?
Afanasy44
Word with opposite meaning in grammar is called antonim.
For some words, there are opposite meanings of qualitative characteristics, for example, in relation to height (high - low), weight (light - heavy), season (winter - summer) or day (morning - evening).
But for most words there is no such opposition, therefore antonyms for them are possible only in a figurative sense.
Antonyms cannot be formed from words from different parts of speech or lexical levels.
Numbers, pronouns and proper names do not form antonyms.
Among the antonyms are distinguished:
contradictory, when there are no transitional steps between them (dead - alive),
contra, when there are transition gradations between them (white - gray - black), -
vector, denoting the multidirectionality of signs, phenomena or actions (left - entered, revolutionary - counter-revolutionary),
conversions, when opposite points of view are described by antonyms (learn - teach, found - lost),
enantiosemia, the antonym has the opposite meaning (borrowed a tool from a neighbor - lent a tool to a neighbor).
Antonyms can have one root and differ only in prefixes (input - output), or they can be multi-root (forward - backward).
Nelli4ka
Words with the opposite meaning are called "antonyms".
Antonyms have diametrically opposite meanings and are spelled differently. However, in this case, the roots can be either different (light - darkness), and the same (go in and out).
In any case, antonyms must refer to the same part of speech. It is impossible to pick up an antonym-verb for a noun.
The core of any antonyms is a sign (actions, natural phenomena, qualities, feelings, etc.), but the qualitative shades of this sign may be different.
Of course, not all words of the Russian language have their own antonyms, because in some cases it is impossible to find them. But it happens that a word in a figurative meaning acts as an antonym. Or the antonym is possible only in a specific case ("I need a husband, not a lazy one").
Lorelei
Antonyms are words of the same part of speech that have the opposite meaning. The term Antonyms itself is of Greek origin.
Antonyms are opposed to each other on some essential basis, and not all words can enter into antonymic relations. Antonyms are presented in dictionaries in pairs. Antonyms are divided into two types: multi-root (fat - thin, fast - slow, fun - sadness, work - idleness), and single-root (for example, revolution - counter-revolution, come - go). Antonyms are widely used in fiction as one of the figurative means.
Andreyushka
Words that have the opposite meaning are called ANTONYMS. They must necessarily refer to the same part of speech. For example: black - white (adjective), black - white (verb), black - white (noun), white - black (adverb). This is the most revealing example of antonyms.
So many words have no antonyms... For example: broom, well, brown, space, etc. You can even say this: few words have antonyms.
There are also approximate antonyms, that is, it is necessary to take into account not only their direct meaning, but to consider the word in general terms. Thus, the following pairs can be antonyms: hotel - hut, sword - shield.
There is a very interesting VKontakte game - Antonyms... Here photographs are offered and you need to find and guess the antonyms on them. Here there are very difficult tasks that just belong to the groups of approximate antonyms. The higher the level, the more difficult the tasks of this VKontakte game. A prize awaits the winner.
Agafia
Words that are opposite in meaning to each other are called antonyms... Their spelling can differ, for example, "true" and "false". These are multi-root antonyms. Antonyms are single-rooted, resulting from the addition of various prefixes (non-, re-, counter-, no-, de-), for example, love - dislike, revolution-counterrevolution. Sometimes antonyms are formed with the addition of the particle "not-", speak-do not be silent, hear-do not hear.
There are also enantiosemes, when one word can be interpreted in different senses, “view” materials in the sense of familiarizing themselves and “browsing” in the sense of not noticing the necessary information.
Words that belong to the same part of speech and have the opposite meaning are called antonyms... These linguistic units are opposed to each other and are polar. Words that mean:
All differences between antonyms are of a contrasting nature. Moreover, a word-verb cannot be matched with an antonym-noun, antonym-adverb or antonym-adjective. If our word is a verb, then its antonym should also represent the same part of speech.
Examples of antonyms: love - hate, old - young, good - bad, friendship - enmity, cold - hot.
Strymbrym
You just rest on such questions. In the process of answering, only one difficulty arises, how to stretch the answer so that it includes 200 characters. So, words that have the opposite meaning, but refer to one part of speech, are called - "Antonyms".
Elena-kh
words with opposite meanings can be called either contrasts or antonyms. But in this case, you need to answer antonyms... Antonyms can be of different parts of speech, an example of antonyms: long - short, close - distant.
Antonyms these are words of the same part of speech that have the opposite meaning. For example, the same root words are antonyms happiness is unhappiness... And other examples are full - hungry, kind angry, strong - weak.
Synonyms, antonyms, anonyms ...) For 2 examples ... help pliz)
Andrey kuzmichev
Synonyms in linguistics are words of one part of speech, different in sound and spelling (cf. homonyms), but having the same or very similar lexical meaning (cf. antonyms)
It is necessary to distinguish between synonyms and nominal definitions - the latter represent complete identity. Antonyms (Greek αντί- "against" + όνομα "name") are words of the same part of speech, different in sound and spelling, having directly opposite meanings: truth is a lie, good - angry, speak - be silent.
Classification of synonyms
So, synonyms can be differentiated:
on the subjects designated by them [S. "Buffoon - lycee - comedian - actor - artist" reflect different moments in the development of theater and different attitudes towards the profession of an actor (cf. the next paragraph)];
according to the social assessment of the designated subject (C. "salary - salary" reflect different attitudes towards the remuneration received for work);
by applicability in a particular style of speech (S. "horse - horse" is stylistically not always reversible; in the verse "where are you galloping, proud horse?" substitution S. "horse" will produce a comic effect);
by etymological meaning, which can give one of S. a special color (S. "bold - fearless" is associated general concept courage in the first case with "daring", "determination", in the second - with "lack of fear"; therefore, these S. in a certain context can be used as words that are opposite in meaning, as antonyms);
by the presence or absence of figurative meanings: so, in the famous epigram Batyushkov K.N.Advice to the epic poet:
Antonyms by the type of concepts expressed:
Contradictory correlates are such opposites that mutually complement each other to a whole, without transitional links; they are in relation to the privative opposition. Examples: bad is good, lie is truth, living is dead.
counter correlates - antonyms expressing polar opposites within one essence in the presence of transitional links - internal gradation; they are in a gradual opposition. Examples: black (- gray -) white, old (- elderly - middle aged -) young, large (- medium -) small.
vector correlates are antonyms expressing different directions of actions, signs, social phenomena, etc. Examples: enter - exit, go down - rise, ignite - extinguish, revolution - counter-revolution.
conversions are words that describe the same situation from the point of view of different participants. Examples: buy - sell, husband - wife, teach - learn, lose - win, lose - find.
enantiosemia - the presence of opposite meanings in the structure of a word. Examples: to lend money to someone - to borrow money from someone, to enclose with tea - to treat and not to treat.
pragmatic - words that are regularly opposed in the practice of their use, in contexts (pragmatics - "action"). Examples: soul - body, mind - heart, earth - sky.
By structure, antonyms are:
multi-root (forward - backward);
single-root - are formed using prefixes that are opposite in meaning: enter - exit, or with the help of a prefix added to the original word (monopoly - antimonopoly).
Anonim (Greek) - nameless, unknown. The author of the anonymous text.
The meaning of the word "anonymous" is different for different types texts. Anonymous can be like literary works and utilitarian messages - letters, libels, denunciations, etc.
Homonyms (from the Greek ὁμός - the same and ονομα - name) are words that are different in meaning, but the same in spelling and sounding units of the language (words, morphemes, etc.). The term was introduced by Aristotle. Not to be confused with homophones
The words
The scythe is on the girl's head, the scythe is a mowing tool, the scythe is the geographical name (Curonian Spit)
The key is a musical sign, the key is from the door, the key is a natural source of water.
Onions are a plant, onions are weapons.
Pen - writing (gel, ballpoint, etc.), pen - human hand,
What are the words ononyms and words synonyms
User deleted
antonyms directly opposite in meaning adjectives
bad good
synonyms close in meaning adjectives
Synonym - A word that differs from another in sound or spelling, but coincides or is close to it in meaning.
Antonym - Words with the opposite meaning to another word.
Antonyms (Greek αντί- "against" + όνομα "name") are words of the same part of speech, different in sound and spelling, having exactly opposite meanings: truth is a lie, good is evil, speak - be silent.
Synonyms in linguistics are words of one part of speech, different in sound and spelling (cf. homonyms), but having the same or very similar lexical meaning (cf. antonyms)
Examples: cavalry - cavalry, brave - brave
They serve to increase the expressiveness of speech, allow you to avoid the monotony of speech.
It is necessary to distinguish between synonyms and nominal definitions - the latter represent complete identity.
Ludmila
Antonyms (gr. Anti - against + onyma - name) are words that are different in sound, have directly opposite meanings: truth is a lie, good is evil, speak is silent .. Words are called synonyms (more precisely, words considered in a certain sense ), usually belonging to the same part of speech, with the same or similar meaning. For example, synonyms are the words bold and brave, sadness and sorrow, extinguish and extinguish ..
Karlygash
antonyms are words that are opposite in meaning: native - alien, close - distant, good - evil.
synonyms are words that are the same or similar in meaning: bed, bed, bunk, bed, bunk - a place to sleep.
What words are difficult to find an antonym for? What is the antonym of eternity?
I will try to suggest the first part of the answer: Universe.
On the second - Moment.
I believe that the antonym cannot be matched to words that do not contain some kind of opposite shades, in which there is no comparison. These words include words that characterize weight, height, time of day. For example, you cannot pick up the antonym for the words wednesday kilogram centimeter. Also, nouns with a specific meaning do not have antonyms. Find the opposite of pencil, pen, or paper. And when it comes to complexity, it is difficult to find antonyms for words that denote feelings, because feelings contain the concept of intensity. And the antonym of the word eternity - moment.
The antonym is suitable for the word ETERNITY - Instant or One moment, or moment.
Here is a very short list, in my opinion, for which it is difficult to find antonyms.
Get out.
The funeral.
Direction.
installation
Intelligence
Promenade,
Leaven.
Distance
terrain,
Tree sticks.
For each word, you can choose an antonym if you think well and concentrate. The only catch is that everyone has their own opinion, so if it seems to you that you have chosen the perfect antonym, many may disagree with you. And the opposite of the word eternity, I ask for instantaneousness.
Probably you can choose an antonym for any word, although I wanted them not to be for good words, there were only inonyms.
There was a joke in KVN, it sounds like this: It is interesting that the antonym to the word antonym is a synonym;
What is the antonym, it means the opposite, it is necessary to choose the given word, on the contrary.
What is eternity is constancy, a whole century, timelessness, endlessly, for hours, without end.
And the antonym to this word means, on the contrary, the word.
Antonym for the word Eternity is a finiteness, instant, second, moment, minute
I believe that either you can choose an antonym for a word, or you cannot. And the difficulty, probably, can arise if there is not enough vocabulary (in no case I want to offend anyone), so everything depends on the person. And for eternity, I would pick up the antonym moment or moment.
There are words to which antonyms are not matched at all, and this is a well-known fact. So don't think too long. So I agree with the previous answers that by the way eternity is not so difficult to choose an antonym, it will be a word - a moment.
In Russian there are words that are called words of gratitude, for example, the word thanks quot ;; it is very difficult to pick up an antonym for it, we can say that it is not possible; word please also does not allow you to choose an antonym for yourself; and here is the word eternity has the antonym moment , if you pick up the word eternity antonym second or minute there will be no gross error.
Antonyms are words with the opposite lexical meaning, they always belong to the same part of speech.
This means that if we are looking for an antonym for a noun, then we have to pick it up only from nouns. For an adjective, you can find an antonym only among adjectives, and for a verb only - among verbs. Accordingly, the antonym for an adverb will only be an adverb. Linguistic antonyms can never be words that refer to different parts of speech or lexical levels.
Antonyms can be chosen for such words, the meanings of which carry opposite qualitative shades, but the basis of these meanings is always a common feature (season of the year, weight, height, feeling, time of day, etc.).
The function of the opposite of antonyms can be used to achieve various stylistic goals, among which one can enumerate: an indication of the limit of manifestation of a quality, property, relationship or action; actualization of a statement or strengthening of an image, impression; the expression of an assessment, often in a comparative sense, of the opposite properties of objects and actions; the statement of two opposite properties, qualities or actions; approval of one of the opposed signs, actions and phenomena of reality due to the denial of the other; recognition of an intermediate quality or property, possible or actually established between two words opposite in meaning.
Most of all antonyms are among adjectives, since the main feature of antonymy is the presence of a qualitative feature, and no matter how an adjective expresses a quality. There are many examples of antonymic pairs among adjectives: thick - thin, cold - hot, quiet - loud, light - dark, black - white, sweet - salty, sharp - dull, small - large and many others.
However, nouns can also express the opposite meaning and demonstrate contrast. For example: evil is good, cold is heat, cleanliness is dirt, winter is summer, day is night, life is death, youth is old age, victory is defeat.
There are also many antonymic pairs among the verbs. These are, for example: love - hate, work - rest, walk - stand, respect - despise, accelerate - slow down, scold - praise, speak - be silent, open - close.
Good examples of antonymic pairs among adverbs include the following: cold - hot, beautiful - ugly, understandable - incomprehensible, accidentally - on purpose, fast - slow, tasty - tasteless, sweet - bitter, quiet - loud, calm - violent, spicy - fresh and etc.
Antonyms can differ in structure and be: multi-root (left-right, up-down, there-here), single-root, that is, those that are formed using prefixes with the opposite meaning or with the addition of a prefix to the original word (close-open, humane -inhuman, monopoly-antimonopoly).
From the point of view of action, antonyms can be: proportionate, that is, when there is a certain action and its opposition (push - pull, get up - lie down, build - break, get rich - get poor, blush - turn pale) and disproportionate, when there is an action and the absence of this action (to exercise - to be inactive, to be silent - to speak).
In the Russian language, there are dictionaries of antonyms, the first of which were compiled and published in the 1970s.
With the emergence of neologisms in the language, new antonymic pairs appear, which linguists immediately undertake to study. The antonyms-neologisms include: cool - sucks, dumb - fumble / whip, bummer - freebies and everything like that. Such antonyms-neologisms are mainly used by young people and refer to youth slang.
Antonymic words and expressions help to make Russian speech more expressive, informative and rich. Our everyday speech, literature, media reports are full of antonyms. It is already difficult to imagine the Russian language without antonyms. Without them, it will become faded and boring, statements will lose their piquancy and emotionality, therefore, such a stylistic device as antonymy is really necessary for speech.