Federal Security Service of the FSB. Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation (FSB of Russia)

Gantipov -

Victor L. -

The Federal Security Service is a unified centralized system of the federal security authorities, which makes a solution within its powers to ensure the safety of the Russian Federation.

The United States of Russia's security agencies are conducted with the All-Russian emergency commission to combat counter-revolution and sabotage (PVC), which was formed in accordance with the decree of the Sov Usnarkom dated December 20 (December 7 at the old style) of 1917. Her first chairman was appointed Felix Dzerzhinsky.

Since 1917, security bodies have repeatedly reorganized and changed the name. In 1922, the HCC was transformed into public policy governance (GPU), in 1923, a joint government political governance (OGPU) was created. In 1934, state security bodies entered the People's Commissariat of the Interior (NKVD) of the USSR, which in February 1941 was divided into two independent authorities: the NKVD of the USSR and the People's Commissariat of State Security (NKGB). In July 1941, the NKGB of the USSR and the NKVD of the USSR were again united into a single addict - the NKVD of the USSR. In April 1943, the People's Commissariat of State Security of the USSR was again formed. In 1946, the NKGB was transformed into the Ministry of State Security (MGB). In 1953, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Ministry of State Security were merged into the Unified Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR. In 1954, the Committee of State Security (KGB) was created at the Council of Ministers of the USSR. In November 1991, the USSR president signed the law on the basis of which the KGB of the USSR was abolished and the intergenerate security service and the Central Service of Intelligence Service of the USSR were created on its basis (currently the foreign intelligence service of the Russian Federation).

On January 24, 1992, the Ministry of Security of the Russian Federation on the basis of the abolished inter-republican security service and the Federal Security Agency of the RSFSR (in May-November 1991 - the State Security Committee of the RSFSR, which had the status of the Federal Republican State Committee).

In December 1993, the Ministry of Security was abolished, a federal counterintelligence service was created (FGC).

The newest history of Russia's security bodies begins on April 3, 1995, when the President of the Russian Federation Boris Yeltsin signed the law "On the bodies of the Federal Security Service in the Russian Federation", on the basis of which the Federal Security Service (FSB) is a successor FGC.

In 2003, the FSB of the Russian Federation were transferred to the functions of the abolished federal border service of the Russian Federation (FPS RF) and (partially) of the Federal Governmental Communications Agency and Information (FAPSI) under the President of the Russian Federation.

The federal security authorities include: Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation (Federal Executive Authority in the Field of Security); Territorial security authorities (management (departments) of the FSB of Russia for individual regions and subjects of the Russian Federation); security agencies in the Russian FSB of Russia in the Armed Forces, other troops and military structures, as well as in their management bodies); border authorities (controls (detachments, departments) of the Federal FSB of Russia at the border service); aviation units; educational institutions, centers; Divisions special purpose; Research units; expert, forensic departments; Military medical units.

FSB of Russia in its activities is guided by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation.

The federal security authorities carry out counterintelligence activities; fight against terrorism; fight against crime; intelligence activities; border activity; Ensuring information security. Other areas of activity of the federal security authorities are determined by federal legislation.

FSB of Russia has the right to external contacts with special services and law enforcement agencies of foreign states, exchange with them on a mutual basis operational information, special technical and other means, as well as; Enter the international treaties of the Russian Federation in the prescribed manner and limits their powers.

Currently, the FSB of Russia supports official contacts with 142 special services, law enforcement agencies and border structures of 86 states. In 45 countries of the world, the apparatus of official representatives of the federal security authorities in foreign countries are functioning.

International cooperation of security bodies focuses on countering general challenges and threats, primarily international terrorism and extremism, drug trafficking, transnational organized crime and illegal migration.

Active interaction of security bodies with foreign partners on the line of such international structures and institutes as the UN, Group of Eight, the Organization for Safety and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), the Council of the Baltic Sea States, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), Council Russia - NATO, conference of managers of special services of Turkic-speaking states.

Since 2004, the FSB of Russia has been working as aimed at deepening the multilateral antiterrorist interaction of special services in the format of the regional anti-terrorist structure of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (RATS SCO).

Direct the activities of the Federal Security Service President of the Russian Federation. The FSB Office is carried out by the director appointed to the position and liberated by the President of the Russian Federation.

From May 2008, the director of the FSB of Russia since May 2008 is the Army General Alexander Bortnikov.

According to the director of the FSB of Russia, Alexander Bortnovkov, in 2014, the special services and law and order bodies of the Russian Federation of terrorist orientation, including eight terrorist attacks. 74 counter-terrorism operations and more than 16 thousand operational combat measures were held, as a result of which 233 gangsters were neutralized, including 38 leaders. 637 members of the gangspolia and their accomplices are detained. 272 improvised explosive devices, a significant amount of firearms and other means of lesion were seized from the illegal turnover.

Due to the well-coordinated work of FSB, power and law enforcement structures in the coordinating role of the National Anti-Terrorism Committee in 2014, the crimes of terrorist focus committed 2.6 times less than in 2013. Over the past five years, their total has decreased more than nine times.

In the course of special operations of the FSB of the Russian Federation, 52 personnel staff and 290 foreign special services agents were pretended. During the year, 74 million cyber in the official websites of Russian structures and state bodies were suppressed, over 25 thousand Internet resources with publications violating the law were revealed. More than 1.5 thousand extremist sites were discontinued.

The state security authorities of the Russian Federation in 2014, damage to corruption actions in the amount of about 142 billion rubles, were initiated over five thousand criminal cases against corruption crimes, including 1590 cases regarding employees of state corporations and public participation companies, condemned over 1200 Persons.

Material prepared on the basis of RIA news and open sources

As we know, any country is an extensive organization that provides a sufficient standard of living to its population. Thus, the well-being of a country directly affects the quality of life of its inhabitants. The latter, in turn, are obliged to ensure the protection of their state. This fact, people realized in ancient times, which resulted in the creation of armies. His representatives always had honors and popularity in society.

However, in addition to ordinary military formations, there were security bodies in each state that fought with the intelligence activities of other countries on their territory. Such organizations in most cases have implemented their activities in the shade to hide the methods and ways of work from prying eyes. Nevertheless, to date, the existence and functioning of many state security structures is not surprising, as they are in almost every country.

As for Russia, in our country there is also a special office, which is called the Federal Security Service, or the FSB. What does this organization do, its structure and functions will be discussed later in the article.

Structure of a department

The Law "On FSB" largely gives an understanding of the structure presented in the service article. This issue is currently extremely interesting. After all, the structure shows the priority of certain activities of the service. Thus, today the system includes the following management, services and FSB departments:

• directly apparatus of the department;
• service counterintelligence and protection of the constitutional system of the Russian Federation;
• economic Directivity Security Service;
• border, personnel service and own safety;
• investigative management;
• department of Military Counterintection.

There are also other, more minor units included in the FSB. What does every structural department do, you can understand by analyzing regulatory base And other official information about the service.

Special divisions

FSB employees perform completely different tasks when working in certain structural formations of the service. However, there are divisions that have been put in terms of occurrence. This formation is the Center for Special Purpose of the FSB. There are two controls in its composition: "A" ("Alpha") and "B" ("Vympel"). Divisions are engaged in performing special tasks. For example, Alfa is an organization created to combat terrorism, the liberation of hostages and solving other important tasks. Alpha fighters often fulfill tasks in such as Chechnya, Dagestan, etc.

As for the Vympel division, it is one of the most classified today. The number, command and personal management is unknown. The organization of the organization is also sheaven secret. It can be judged only by rumors, according to which, "Vympel" is used for activity abroad.

Features of personnel composition

Any government department of employees is careful. Employees of the FSB in this case come to the service to the authority as a servicemen or the rights of civilian personnel. At the same time, people who already have education in certain areas of activity are welcome in the department. In addition, there is a special academy of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation. In this school, representatives of the officer composition for certain departments of the department are being prepared.

Output

So, we tried to analyze the features of such a structure as the FSB. What is engaged in this body, the features of its system and personnel composition were also described in the article. It remains to hope that in the future the department will only be improved in its work, as its activities are directly related to the safety of Russia.