IN modern century, rich information, time to communicate and correspondence remains less and less. No matter how paradoxically sounded, but large quantity Information owns a person, the more ways he is looking for its reduction and transmission in a more compressed form. One of the most best ways Reduced words and expressions is the use of abbreviation.

To date, they are found everywhere in general English, in business correspondence, in SMS communications and chat rooms, in international terms. Many of them are used quite often, therefore not only studying English, but also the usual modern man should master the couple of the most common of them.

Abbreviation (Ital. Abbreviatura from Lat. Brevis - short) - a word formed by the reduction of the word or phrase and readable in the alphabetic name of the initial letters or by the initial sounds of the words included in it.

Abbreviations are found in any language of the world and fulfill a huge role. Sometimes ignorance or improper use of one or another reduction in English can lead to pretty awkward situation Or misunderstanding that the interlocutor wants to express one or another phrase.

Let's look at the example of improper use of a fairly known abbreviation LOL. (Laughing Out Loud - laugh loud, out loud).

Messages.
MOM: Your Beloved Aunt Just Passed Away. LOL.
I: Why Is That Funny?
MOM: It's not Funny, David!
I: Mom, Lol Means "LAUGHING OUT LOUD".
MOM: Oh My Goodness! I Thought It Means "Lots Of Love" ... i Sent It To Everyone! I Need to Call Everybody ...

Messages
Mom: Your favorite aunt just died. Lol.
I: And what is funny here?
Mom: It's not funny, David!
I: Mom, Lol means "Loudly laugh out loud".
Mom: Oh God! I thought it means a lot of love (Lots of Love) ...
I sent it all! You need to call everything back ...

The most popular abbreviations

This list of abbreviations can be found everywhere and, for sure, you are well acquainted with most of them visually, but we will pay attention to their correct translation and use.

• V.i.p. (Very Important Person) - very important person;
• P.S. (from lat. "POST Scriptum") - after written;
• A.d. (from lat. "Anno Domini") - our era;
• B.C. / B.C.E. - Before Christ. - to Christ / before Common Era. - BC;
• ASAP (AS SOON AS POSSIBLE) - As soon as possible;
• Uno. (United Nations ORGANIZATION) - UN;
• UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) - UNESCO;
• a.M. (Ante Meridiem, iN THE MORNING) - in the morning;
• p.M. (POST MERIDIEM, IN THE AFTERNOON)- in the evening;
• i.E. (iD EST. THAT IS) - it means;
• e.G. (exempli Gratia. , for example) - eg;
• u. (You) - you;
• eTC. (from Lat. Et Cetera) - and so on;
• 2G2BT. (Too Good to Be True) - too good to be true;
• 2Moro. (Tomorrow) - tomorrow;
• 2day (Today) - Today;
• BD. or BDAY. (Birthday) - birthday;
• 2nite (Tonight) - in the evening;
• 4ever. (Forever) - forever and ever;
• AFAIK. (AS FAR AS I KNOW) - as far as I know;
• BTW (by The Way) - by the way;
• RLY (really) - Indeed, truth;
• BRB. BE Right Back) - I'll be back soon;
• Ttyl. (Talk to You Later) - Talk later, "up to communication";
• IMHO (in My Honest Opinion) - in my opinion, in my opinion;
• Aka. (ALSO KNOWN AS) - also known as;
• TIA (Thanks in Advance) - thanks in advance.

Let us look at the use of the abbreviations above, in the examples:

• According to My Work Schedule I Need To Come To Work At 8 a.M.- Agree to my work schedule, I need to come to work at 8 am.
• AFAIK. This CONCERT WILL BE HELD 2day. - As much I know, the concert will be held today.
• All these events happened in 455 B.C. - All these events occurred in 455 to our era.
• I Invite. u.to My. BD 2NITE. - I invite you to my birthday tonight.
• Btw. She Was. RLY Good at Math AT School. - By the way (by the way) she was really good in mathematics when he studied at school.
• I "M Sorry. I" M in Hurry. TTYL.- I ask for forgiveness, I have a hurry. Let's talk later.

Pretty interestingly described abbreviations in English general purpose in this video:

Business letters and abbreviations

Writing business letters and drawing up a business correspondence today requires high-quality study and careful approach. Faced for the first time with the design and decoding of abbreviations in business English, the newcomer sometimes is confused and bewilderment, which all this means. The difficulty is to properly use this or another reduction, as well as in the specifics of business vocabulary. However, as in any field of learning a language, knowledge and a little practice will help to cope with any difficulties.

A number of abbreviations are used only in the letter, but in oral speech, full forms of the word are pronounced:

• Mr. (Mister) - Mr;
• MRS. (Mistress) - Mrs.;
• Dr. (Doctor) - Doctor;
• St. (Saint / Street) - Saint or Street;
• Blvd. (Boulevard) - Boulevard;
• Ave.. (Avenue) - Avenue;
• SQ. (Square) - area;
• RD. (Road) - road;
• Bldg. (Building) - building;
• B.SC. (Bachelor of Science) - Bachelor of Sciences;
• M.A. (Master of Arts) - Master of Arts;
• Ph.d. (Doctor of Philosophy) - PhD;
• M.d. (DOCTOR OF MEDICINE) - Doctor of Medical Sciences.

Most Popular Business Reduction english words shown below:

• CO (Compamen) - Company;
• PA (Personal Assistant) - personal assistant;
• APPX. (Appendix) - attachment;
• Re. (Reply) - answer;
• p. (Page) - page;
• sMTH. (Something) - something;
• sMB. (Somebody) - somebody;
• vs (lat. VERSUS) - vs;
• eTC. (lat. Et Cetera) - etc.

Popular three-letter acronyms ( TLA or Three-Letter Acronyms) in the business area:

• Cao (Chief Administrative Officer) - Head of Administration;
• CEO (Chief Executive Officer)- Chief Executive Officer (CEO);
• eXP. (Export) - Export - export of goods beyond the country's borders;
• HR (Human Resources) - Personnel service of the enterprise;
• HQ (Headquarters) - main management of the company;
• LLC (Limited Liability Company) - Limited Liability Company (LLC);
• R & D (Research and Development)- Research and development;
• IT (Information Technology) - Information Technology.

Examples of business correspondence using abbrevia :

• Far. Mr. Braun, OUR Co. Will Be Glad to Offer You The Position of Cao. - Dear Mr. Brown Our company will be glad to offer you the position of the company's chief accountant.
• Far. MS. Stone, MY. PA Will Definitely Contact You About Changes In eXP.process - Dear Miss Stone, my personal secretary will definitely contact you about changes in the export process.

Chats and SMS

As mentioned above, three-letter acronyms exist in English ( TLA or Three-Letter Acronyms) who help cut and compress quite large phrases up to 3 letters. To date, this is a fairly popular way to save time when corresponding in social networks.

• BFN (BYE FOR NOW) - see you later, bye
• BTW (by The Way) - By the way
• FYI (for your information) - for your information
• JIT (Just In Time) - during
• IOW (in Other Words) - in other words, in other words
• NRN (No Reply Is Necessary) - no answer is required
• OTOH (On the Other Hand) - on the other hand

As for SMS reductions, there are a huge amount.
The specifics of such abbreviations is that it is almost impossible to decipher without a detailed analysis.

• GL (Good Luck) - Good luck!
• GB (Good Bye) - until
• DNO (Don't Know)- I do not know
• Asaygt (AS Soon As You Get This) - as soon as you get it
• B4 (Before) - before
• BC (BECAUSE) - because
• Bon (Believe it or not) - Believe or not
• BW (Best Wishes) - with best wishes
• BZ (Busy) - Busy
• CYT (See You Tomorrow) - see you tomorrow

• Wish You. GL ON Your Exam. MOM. - I wish you good luck on the exam. Mum.
• Sorry. BZ. CYT. - I am sorry. Busy. See you tomorrow.
• I Will Be. Jit. GB. - I will be on time. Until.

For a detailed study with English shortcuts in SMS, we recommend visiting on which 2000+ contractions collected.

As we see, the topic is quite extensive, but should not be afraid! Faced with abbreviations and abbreviations in English several times, you simply will not be able to love them for originality and help in saving your time. And having loved something, you must and easily remember it!

We offer right now to choose a couple of other abbreviations for yourself and surprise your close enhanced communication! BFN and Watch Your Step While Texting!

Big and Friendly Family EnglishDom

Good afternoon Dear blog readers telling about. Today I decided to touch such interesting and often found in the English written language of abbreviations as i.E. and E.G. I'll tell you about meaning Each of these cuts, and also show you on the example when "i.e." should be used, and when "E.G.".

Latin abbreviations "I.E." and "E.G." It is often possible to meet in English literature, and indeed in everyday writing. I will say even more: these cuts would be used even more often if people were more confident in understanding when it is necessary to use "I.E.", and when "E.G." Therefore, for a start, I suggest to figure out what these uncomplicated reductions mean.

I.E. - value? I.E. - What does the reduction mean?

Reduction I.E. Usually insert into the offer as a substitute "that is,". The abbreviation came to English from the Latin language and in the not trimmed version he wrote as "ID EST". I.E. It is appropriate to use the phrase as a substitute "in other words" or "that is" (as already mentioned above). This reduction is used when it is necessary to allocate anything more clearly or clarified.

E.G. - value? E.G. - What does the reduction mean?

"E.G." means "for example". Like the first abbreviation, abbreviation E.G. Appeared from the Latin expression "Exempli Gratia" ("For example"). "E.G." It is appropriate to use in cases where you do not intend to list everything that is now being discussed.

Examples of use "I.E." and "E.G." :

Example 1. Places

I.E. (ID EST)

Example sentence

I am Going to the Place Where I Relax Best, I.E., The Coffee Shop.
Explanation

[There is only one place, which in my opinion is the best for rest. With "I.E." I show everyone that I especially love to relax in this place.]

E.G. (Exempli Gratia)

Example sentence

At the places Where I Relax Well, E.G., Tchibo, I Have None of the Distractions I Have At Home.

Explanation
[Exists a large number of Coffee shops that I like, for example one of them is Tchibo coffee shop network]

Abbreviation "E.G." It can be used immediately with several examples, but it is not necessary to finish all your examples "etc". No need to write: I Like Coffee Shops, E.G., Tchibo, Starbucks, etc. Instead, it is better to write this: There is Debate As to Whether Some of The Ottonian Emperors (E.G., Saint Henry II and Otto I The Great) Were Evil.

Example 2. Elena Troyanskaya and her brothers and sisters

I.E. (ID EST)

The Most Beautiful Human In Greek Mythology, I.E., Leda's Daughter Helen, May Have Had A Unibrow, According to A 2012 Book on Helen I'm Reading.

[Elena, whose beauty was the reason for the start of the Trojan War, considered the most beautiful woman according to Greek mythology. She does not have and can not be rivals.]

E.G. (Exempli Gratia)

The Children of Leda, E.g., Castor and Pollux, Were Born in Pairs.

[It is believed that a couple of boys, with the names of Castor and Pollux, could be double, but as for all other children of Elena Troyanskaya, the historians do not have such confidence. According to Greek mythology, Elena hatched out of the egg, but despite such an unusual appearance of the light, it was able to give birth to a certain amount of twin, and Castor and Pollux is one of the examples.]

Selection of I.E. and E.G.

Abbreviations I.E. and E.G. - These are so common Latin cuts that absolutely optionally allocate them in italics.

And bbrviatura (Italian. Abbreviatura, from Lat. Brevis - short) - in vintage manuscripts and books: abbreviated writing words or word group. In modern editions, the abbreviation is called any abbreviated word or phrase. Abbreviation usually (but not always!) Recorded in capital letters. The abbreviations read by the sounds (and not by the names of the letters) and denoting nominal names are recorded by lower case letters (for example, university, Rono, Dzot).

What are the varieties of abbreviations

Initial abbreviation. The word formed from the names of the initial letters or from the initial sounds of the words included in the original phrase. (For example, ACS is an automated control system, ODU - ordinary differential equations, a yode - data description language).

• • Abbreviation Suitable. Abbreviation composed of the alphabetic names of the initial letters of words forming the original phrase. RF (ER-EF) ( the Russian Federation). KGB (Ka-GE-BE) (State Security Committee), TFKP (TE-EF Ca-PE) (theory of functions of a complex variable).

• • Abbreviation alphanumeric. Abbreviation, educated partially from the titles of initial letters, partly from the initial sounds of the words of the original phrase. CDSA (CE-DE-SA) (Central House of Soviet Army).

• Abbreviation sound (acronym). Abbreviation formed from the initial letters of the words of the original phrase. HPP (hydroelectric station). University (Higher Educational Institution). TASS (telegraph agency of the Soviet Union). Unlike the letter's abbreviation, pronounced as a single word ("GUM" as GUM, and not "GE-U-EM"), not eaten.

Recursive abbreviation. Abbreviation, decoding, which includes it itself. For example, GNU (GNU not UNIX), Alt (Alt Linux Team), PHP (PHP Hypertext Preprocessor), Atta (ATTA Creative Technologies Agency).

Complexed words. The word formed from the initial parts of two or more words (Prodmatmag, collective farm, etc.) or representing the addition of the beginning of one word with another word of the phrase (maternity hospital, drama, television, etc.).

Graphic abbreviation (since - since).

Mixed abbreviation (Russia - Russian Research Institute).

Abbreviations, or abbreviations, have long been applied on the letter in all peoples with a written language. Ancient Romans tried to achieve this with their Tyronian marks; In the newest time, with the same purpose, stenography was invented.

The main task of abbreviations is saving speech and written text. When the abbreviation pronunciation of the sound time is about five times shorter than the concept corresponding to it, and when writing savings is even more noticeable.

Most full list abbreviations (abbreviations) from A to Z

For quick search, use the Ctrl + F key combination

BUT

ABBM - accumulator battery Big power

ABZ - asphalt factory

ABS - anti-blocking system; Autoblocking system; Automated banking system

AVN - Academy of Military Sciences

AGZS - autogasode station

ADSL - Transliteration from English. Sokr. ADSL - ASYMMETRIC DIGITAL Subscriber Line (Asymmetric DSL) - asymmetric digital subscriber line

AZLK - automotive factory. Leninsky Komsomol

Gas station - gas station

AZSSR - Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic

Azu is a subscriber protective device; automatic locking device; Automatic charger; automatic protective device; analog storage device; Associative storage device

AIS OSAGO - automated information system for compulsory insurance of autocarted liability

AIS FFR - Automated Information System of the Pension Fund of Russia

AIF - Joint-Stock Investment Fund

AIF - "Arguments and Facts"

AK - 7.62 mm Machine Calashnikov System of 1947 (AK-47); Aviation Corps; car crane; joint-stock company; Aortic valve (honey)

AK-74 - 5.45 mm Machine Calashnikov System 1974

Akb - rechargeable battery; active client base; Joint Stock Commercial Bank

AKM - 7.62-mm automatic machine Calashnikov sample 1959, upgraded; Alveolar soft-tissue sarcoma (honey); Anti-crisis measures

ACP - automatic gearbox (switching) gear; Anti-crisis plan

Automatic transmission - automatic gearbox

ALROSA - "Diamonds of Russia - Sakha" (name of the joint-stock company)

Amik - Alexander Maslyakov and Company

AMN - Academy of Medical Sciences

AMS - Automatic Interplanetary Station

AN - Real Estate Agency; Academy of Sciences

ANB - National Security Agency

AO - autonomous region; aggregate compartment; joint-stock company; alcoholic intoxication; Amur region; Analytical review; Archaeological discoveries (edition)

AON - automatic number determinant; Academy of Social Sciences (under the CPSU Central Committee); Anti-Priest number; Number definition equipment

APK - Agrarian and Industrial Complex

AWP - automated workplace

ASKI - Transliteration from English. Sokr. ASCII - American Standard Code for Information Interchange (American Standard Encoding Table for Printed Symbols and Some Special Codes)

ACS - automated control system; Automated accounting system

ATO - anti-terrorist operation

PBX - automatic telephone exchange; Arbitration Arbitration Court

AHO - Administrative and Economic Department

AC - Accreditation Center

NPP - Nuclear Power Plant

Aya - subscription box; Subscriber box

Knowledge, understanding and use in the speech of professional jargon and business slang on english language It is extremely necessary if you cooperate with foreign partners. Use reductions very convenient in business.

Pay attention to the reduction ASAP (AS SOON AS POSSIBLE) - as soon as possible. We remove everything too much and get only four letters. YTD (YEAR TO DATE) - year to date. This abbreviation shows business performance from the beginning of the financial or calendar year in relation to today.

off. - Used in Instant Messaging to Represent "Of Course (of course)."

oMG. - Oh My God! (Oh my God!) - Complete reduction in text communication. Expresses extreme surprise. Used in fright or surprise. You can use to display an emotional state, such as shock.

cuz. - because; Since, since. Synonyms: Because, "Cause.

pPL - (People) people

pls. - (Please) please

thX - (thanks) thanks

whatcha - What Are you ... - What are you ...?

Abbreviations:

eTC.

eTC. Reduction from Etcetera [ɪt "set (ə) rə], and so on.

No need to write "And etc.", since and ("et") is already included in FPA.

e.G. I.E.

E.G. - This is an abbreviation from the Latin phrase (Exempli Gratia [Ig "Zempli" grætiə]), which means "for example". It can be pronounced as "E.G." ["I" ʤi] or "for example". For example:

A One-Way Journey, E.G. London - Frankfurt. Journey one way, for example: London - Frankfurt.

I.E. - This is an abbreviation from the Latin phrase (ID EST), translates as "That IS" - "that is." Used especially often in writing to enter additional information about anything. For example:

The Hotel Is Closed During Low Season, I.E. From October to March. The hotel is closed in not the season - that is, from October to March.