Maintain car battery terminals with their own hands. Maintenance of batteries

July 17, 2017.

One of the important parts of the car is the battery. It accumulates electricity and gives it the onboard system of the car. Without it, the starter will not start.

Experienced motorists know how to ensure the work of the battery for five to six years. If not to do the maintenance of this element, its service life will not exceed three years. It is always cost-effective maintaining periodic service than to acquire a new battery.

In this article, we will talk about the reasons for lowering the life and stages of the battery diagnostics, checking the density and methods of its increase.

Causes of abbreviations

Forewarned is forearmed. This principle will allow to extend the life of a car battery, arrange priorities in the service. It is important to know which reasons can lead to a reduction in working capacity.

Periodic discharged

The correct state of the battery is charged. In this case, when starting, the accumulated energy starts the starter. Further recharging comes from the generator during the movement of the car.

Modern vehicles stuffed with multiple instruments consume energy in such a quantity that the battery does not cope with the reserves. Special negative impact At the state of the battery, there is a tense urban driving style, when it often has to be in traffic jams. Therefore, it is important to remember the recharge of the battery.

Surround temperature

It is technically stipulated that the battery in the charged state fully gives energy when temperature mode 15-20 ° C. The charge begins to lose when the temperature is reduced by 1 0.

Non-compliance with rules of operation

Most often during winter operating Auto, in the discharged battery in the frost, the electrolyte is freezing. What could be the consequences for the battery? The most serious is a complete failure. At the time of the freezing of the electrolyte, crushed damage lead plates, housing.

In the summer, motorists face the evaporation of water from electrolyte. In such a situation, the plates suffer again (closure arises), reducing the battery life.

Malfunction of the on-board network

Its important nodes: the generator and voltage regulator must work flawlessly. Any malfunction sharply reduces the battery operation.

Another point, the voltage level of the on-board network. Increased level leads to a constant reloading of the battery and discharge of electrolyte. The reduced level will lead to a chronic discharged battery state. What are the consequences, mentioned above.

Subcase consumables

Inside the battery, corrosion processes are inevitable. The fight against this phenomenon is carried out by manufacturers. What can motorist make? Fill the battery exceptionally high-quality electrolyte and distilled water. The last specialists recommend taking pharmacy chains.

Sulfating plates is also inevitable. In our power only reduce the intensity of this process, resorting to desulfation. The emergence of this problem is the rapid drop in the capacity, overheating, the presence of an increased voltage on the battery outputs.

When to carry out service?

It is important to know not only how to serve the car battery, but when to do it. Maintenance develops from service operations and diagnostics. If a service maintenance It is better to spend in car service, then the diagnosis can be carried out independently. Only so the motorist will know about real state battery.

The diagnosis of the status of the battery is reasonably spent at the time of checking the oil level, filling the washer tank, and the like. This approach will prevent some problems with batteries.

What is included in the diagnosis:

• checking voltage on terminals when the battery is turned off;
• check voltage at engine working condition;
• determining the level of electrolyte;
• check for contamination and surface damage.

Service maintenance

When service operations spend employees of a hundred, the car owner does not think what they do. But if the motorist performs the car battery maintenance with his own hands, he should be explored which operations must be carried out.

Consider five basic actions.

1. With the permanent operation of the car, the battery is recommended to recharge every three months using network chargers. In this case, the maximum level of charging is achieved, and the problem with the discharged battery state is eradicated. Periodic recharging is carried out in automatic mode at a constant voltage from the car generator.

Recharge can be unscheduled. In situations where the owner forgets turn off the headlights or happens a long-plated car, then the level of charging drops to zero. In this case, charging is carried out in DC mode. This operation must be carried out under control.

2. Checking the load of the battery is carried out using a loader. This device will show the actual performance of the battery. Check should be carried out in two stages: without load and with a load.

At the first stage, you must turn off the battery from the charging source. After that, the load plug is connected and the built-in voltmeter data is checked with the matching table.

To the second stage, it is projected only at a 100% charging level. When the load is connected, the measurement is made on the fifth second of work. Usually, the voltmeter indicators are equal and more than 9 suggest that the battery is doing well. If the values \u200b\u200bare lower, the battery is time to change.

Depending on the magnitude of the load used, the voltmeter readings may vary. Thus, the same battery tested by two different load forks can issue values \u200b\u200bas 8.5 V and 10.5 V.

The permissible range of values \u200b\u200bis indicated in the documentation that is moving together with the load fork.

3. Definition of leakage current. If you have a new battery, it is working, but in the morning after the previous normal operation you can not start the car, then the leakage current should be measured. The presence is normal for the battery, only if its value does not exceed the norm.

Determining the leakage current level is carried out using a multimeter. During the check, you need to disable all current consumers, turn off the ignition, turn off the minus terminal of the battery. The multimeter is translated into the measurement mode and connect to the gap between the minus terminal and negative output, observing the polarity. The indications of the multimeter are considered normal at the level of 15-70 mA.

If the resulting value is higher, then you should look for a leak source. This is already a question of a separate article, but you can start with alternately removal of fuses. At that moment, when the multimeter indicators return to normal and the source will be found.

Practice shows that an increase in leakage current affects:

• worn wiring, poor-quality isolation;
• incorrect connection of electronic systems;
• dirt and oxide on contacts.

4. The desulfation of the battery helps only at the primary stage of the plates sulfate. If during diagnostics you encountered such a problem, then do not tighten with the restoration of the battery performance. Severe two types of desulfation.

• chemical. From the discharged battery, the electrolyte is drained and filled with a solution of "Trilon B". For an hour, the reaction occurs, then it is drained and washed with distilled water;
• pulse current. It is worth notify that this procedure is complicated and it is necessary to have knowledge of the field of electrical engineering. The essence of this method is to connect the battery to the power source of a large value (more than 100 A). The pulse current excites the electrons, thereby knocking down lead sulfate from the plates.

5. Check the electrolyte density. The term is also found - the "battery density". In essence, this is the same. Density measurement is carried out with a complete charge of the battery. The average value varies on climatic zones. So, in the middle band, the norm is 1.27-1.29 g / cm3, and in northern - 1.3 g / cm3.

Check are carried out using a densimeter at a temperature of +25 0 ° C. If the measurement occurs at a different temperature mode, then you need to relate the values \u200b\u200bwith the table below.

Electrolyte temperature, 0c	Amendment to the indicator of the Densimeter, in g / cm3
-55 - 41	-0,05
-40 - 26	-0,04
-25 - 11	-0,03
-10 +4	-0,02
+5 +19	-0,01
+20 +30	0,00
+31 +45	+0,01
+ 46 +60	+0,02

Measurement is performed in each battery compartment and the deviation in the indicators should not be more than 0.01 g / cm 3.

The resulting result of the electrolyte density measurement can be classified as:

• normal;
• overlapping (the situation can be fixed by a simple loan of distilled water);
• understated (raising the level of harder).

Increased electrolyte density

Consider separately how to increase density. After all, the low level reduces the voltage and makes it difficult to start the engine of the car.

1. It is necessary to measure the density in each battery bank, relate to the climatic zone.
2. The increase in density occurs by topping the electrolyte of greater density. For this, we remove the old solid for this and fill the new one by half a half of the old one.
3. Sleep the battery without turning it to mix liquids.
4. The control measurement is carried out, repeating the procedure if necessary before reaching the required values.
5. The residue of the volume is complementary by distilled water.

297. Because when working the battery, it is formed a ram gas, it is impossible to inspect it, illuminating open fire.

Serviced batteries (for example, in VAZ cars) in the summer follows once a month with intensive operation, and during the other seasons after 2500 - 3000 km of run to check the level of electrolyte and bring the level to the norm, pouring distilled water (only water is evaporated when the electrolyte is heated) .
Every 10,000-15,000 km (once a year) Check the battery fastening, as well as the purity and reliability of the fastening of wire tips on the pole pins of the battery. White raid with pins and tips remove grinding skirtAfter that, a thin layer of technical vaseline is applied to the outer (not contact!) Surfaces.

298. The electrolyte spilled on the surface of the battery is removed with a rag moistened in soda or in a 10% solution of ammonia alcohol.

Dirt and moisture are cleaned with a brush with a rigid bristle and a dry clean cloth. It is impossible that the electrolyte falls on the metal parts of the car: it will lead to corrosion. The places of its hit are cleaned and stained with acid-resistant paint.
When the most minor cracks appear in the case and the filling masting of the battery, pass the battery for repair. Temporarily crack on the bank of the battery can be coated with plasticine, pre-flushing place around it.
Regularly check the reliability of the battery fastening by car; If necessary, tighten the nuts.

Tightening or unscrewed the screws of the nuts of the wires of the wires. Only wrench! It is impossible to hit the wire tip, pull over the wire.
When starting the engine, the starter includes no more than 10-15 s and only 2-3 times in a row, making no less half a minute between inclusions. Take care of the battery, do not be lazy to switch to the appropriate gears in any changes to the speed of the ride.

Checking the level of electrolyte in the battery

299. The electrolyte level in the battery is checked through the filling holes using a glass tube with an inner diameter of 3-5 mm.

Lower the tube into the battery until it stops into the safety shield, then close the outdoor hole and remove it with your finger. The electrolyte column in the tube will indicate its level in the battery.

In batteries with an indicator (tube), the electrolyte must be at the same level with it or above it for 5 mm. In batteries without a tube or indicator, the electrolyte level should be 5-10 mm above the safety panel or the upper edge of the separators.
If the electrolyte level dropped as a result of evaporation of water (normal process), the distilled water should be added to the battery (in no case is not a water or from the roadside stream - the battery will sit down) 15-25 "C.
If the electrolyte level is higher than normal, it is necessary to suck it with a rubber pear with an ebonite tip, otherwise it will splash out of the battery.

300. After a long trip, inspect the battery. If electrolyte remains on its surface, it means that there is splashing.

The reason for this may be elevated level The electrolyte in the battery (check and install the normal) or the appearance of cracks in the housing and the battery filling mastic (you should repair the battery).
If neither the first and neither second then check and adjust the voltage of the generator and check whether the battery is not sulfated.
If, with an external inspection, it is found that the electrolyte is leaking, and immediately pass the battery to repair the battery, to periodically add the electrolyte into a faulty compartment.

Battery sulfate

301. With a weak sulfation, the battery will be able to save one hundred or more charges of a small current / discharge.

A strong sulfated battery must be changed: Repair is impossible.
Sulfatization occurs when driving on a car with too low electrolyte in the battery, as well as with a very long stay of the battery in a discharged or not fully charged state. In this case, on the surface of the battery plates, large crystals of lead sulfuric crystals are formed on the surface of the battery.

Battery storage

302. If the car is not used for a long time, the battery should be removed and stored in a dry place.

Optimal temperature when storing the serviced batteries russian production - from -20 ° C to 0 ° C, maintenanceable Western batteries - from about ° C to +27 ° C. At such temperatures, the processes of corrosion of plates and self-discharge of the battery are slow. Recharge the stored battery every three months (battery 6st-55a - once a year). Storing the battery in the discharged state makes it unsuitable for use. If the battery is removed for the winter, without exploiting the car at this time of the year, then the test and recharging of the battery is carried out in spring, before installing.

Preparation of electrolyte

When the water is infused into acid, boiling, brewing acid splashes and causes burns.
Electrolyte is prepared from battery sulfuric acid only top grades (The first grade will lead to premature battery output) and distilled water, not in the iron vessels. The utensils for the preparation of electrolyte can be ceramic, ebonite, lead (non-glass - burst).
The electrolyte - 1.28 g / cm3 (for regions with a temperate climate) is normal for the central regions of Russia (for areas with temperate climates) - prepares from 0.36 liters of sulfuric acid and 1 l of distilled water.
The finished electrolyte for 15-20 hours is left in a closed dishes so that it is cooled and falling out the bottom of the bottom.
Sulfuric acid in a loosely closed dish is not stored: it quickly absorbs the atmospheric moisture.
In the northern regions, where the temperature in the winter is lowered to -40 ° C, the normal density of the electrolyte is 1.29 g / cm3 (measured at a temperature of + 20-25 ° C). To prepare such an electrolyte per liter of water take 0.38 liters of sulfuric acid.
In warm southern areas where there are no strong frosts, the electrolyte density should be 1.26 g / cm3, and prepare it at the rate of 0.33 liters of sulfuric acid per liter of water.
The higher the density of the electrolyte, the lower the temperature of its freezing.

304. If when stored for a month, the battery was discharged by more than 10%, it is necessary to inspect and repair.

This can occur if you were poured into it untrapillated water, as well as in the case of metal particles in the battery. It is possible to replace the electrolyte, flushing the inside of the tank, and wipe the surface of the battery.
The battery self-discharge is accelerated and when the battery is kept for a long time. In this case, the electrolyte density in the lower layers is becoming higher than in the upper.

305. If when using the car, the battery is discharged too quickly, first of all, reinforcing self-control for the economy of driving mode.

Avoid frequent engine launches, when moving at low speeds, never forget to switch to lower gears.
In addition, disconnect the unnecessary additional lights you have installed and other unnecessary electricity consumers.
Sometimes it is necessary to check whether the current leakage does not occur due to damage to the insulation in the electrical equipment system (then the Mi-Liammermeter, which is included between the tip of the positive wire and the positive output of the battery, will show the current of more than 1 mA when the consumers are disabled), as well as checking the generator and regulator Voltage, testing for sulfate.

306. The density of the electrolyte in the serviced battery is measured with an acidomer - a car areometer (to find out the degree of battery discharge).

The tip of the acidomer is lowered into the bay opening of the battery, sucking the electrolyte and on divisions of the floating in the flask of the range determine the value of the electrolyte density.

The density reduced from the norm (component of 1.28 g / cm3) by 0.01 g / cm3 corresponds to the discharge of 6%. It should be remembered, however, that the testimony of the acidomer needs to make a temperature amendment. The electrolyte density should be equal to 1.27-1.28 g / cm3 at a temperature of +25 ° C. At a temperature of + 5--10 ° C, it increases by about 0.01 g / cm3, at a temperature of -10 ° C - by 0.02 g / cm3, at -25 ° C - by 0.03 g / cm3. The electrolyte density is not measured with an abnormal level of electrolyte, with a "boiling" or too hot electrolyte. Pre-Livi distilled water in the battery, wait until the electrolyte is mixed (several hours if the battery is discharged).
If the battery is discharged by 25% in winter (acid meter shows 1.25) or 50% in summer (acid meter shows 1.19), it needs to withdraw and recharging.
If you do not have a carometer, it is enough to check the density of the electrolyte twice a year: in spring and autumn.

Accumulator charging

307. The battery can be charged and not removed from the car, only pre-disconnecting positive and negative cables.

To charge the battery, you must perform the following (items indicated *\u003e are not taken into account if the battery is installed on the car).
- Before charging, check the level of the electrolyte and, if necessary, the frace of distilled water.
- the frozen battery before charging must exhaust.
- unscrew the tube from the battery or pull them out with a small screwdriver and put on the holes. Thus, the acid is prevented, and the gases generated during charging can be released freely.
- To charge, it is best to use a current equal to 0.1 battery capacity (if the capacity of the battery is 55 Ah, the charge current must be 5.5 A.
- The battery is charged only in a well-ventilated room (if the battery is mounted, the hood should be opened).
- Positive battery poles connect with a positive pole charger, and negative - with negative.
- The battery is charged until gas is actively forming in all cells.
- After charging, check the level of the electrolyte, the frace, if necessary, distilled water.
- Check also the density of the electrolyte. If in one of the cells it is significantly (more than 0.04 g / cm3) is lower than in others (for example, in five cells - 1.28 g / cm3, and in one - 1.18 g / cm3), it means The battery is faulty, and it needs to be replaced.
- Wait about 20 minutes until the battery comes out of the battery, then screw or insert corks.
When the battery is turned off, the engine should not work, otherwise electrical equipment is damaged.
Charging the battery usually produce experts.

308. If the battery "sat down" and does not rotate the crankshaft, and the engine from the tug is not possible, and there is no one near anyone, who would help the car, try the following trick.

Tighten your handbrake, post the left drive wheel using a jack, close the carburetor air damper, turn on the fourth or fifth gear. In gloves or gloves (so as not to scatter), rotate the wrapped wheel along the movement.

When the engine begins to work, turn on the neutral and remove the jack.

309. When buying a new battery, select it on the container equal to or close to the capacity of the replaceable battery.

Installing a battery with a capacity of a lot more computational gives only a temporary win, because such a battery will be operated underwent. When buying preference, give the German or Scandinavian batteries that are designed to work in a climate, similar to the Russian, and at the same time are very high-quality. When buying a battery with a flooded electrolyte, check whether it is charged and what is the density of the electrolyte. The quality of European dried-out batteries is guaranteed. Most Russian batteries, although they are called "dried", but require refreshments after the electrolyte fill. Bay electrolyte in the newly acquired battery, in an hour-other, check the density and reflect if it is lower below.

"Cursting" from the battery of another car

310. When cars with a faulty battery are "cigar" from your battery, short-circuits of the battery and powerful sparking are possible.

The same can happen in accidenting the opposite terminal on the mass of the car. Be careful when handling batteries.

311. For "Cursting" (that is, facilitating the engine launch) from the battery of another car it is better to use a cable with insulated clamps with a cross-sectional area of \u200b\u200b25 mm2.

Both batteries must have a 12V voltage. The discharged battery should not be frozen, the fluid level in it should be normal. Cars must be at such a distance so that they do not contact each other, and stand on the hand brake, the manual gearbox lever - on the neutral, and automatic - in the Position position. All electricity users must be disabled. The donor car engine should work at idle, which will avoid damage to the generator. Eliminating the start of the engine in a similar way, should be careful: it is impossible to stand next to the battery with a lit cigarette, because combustible gas can be released from the charged battery.

312. If you have a special, industrial production Engine start facilitation cable, its connection is carried out in the following sequence:

The red cable is connected to the positive pole of the discharged battery;
- The other end of the red cable is connected to the positive pole of the donor battery;
- The black cable is connected to the negative pole of the donor battery;
- The other end of the black cable is connected to the "mass" of the car whose battery is discharged (best of all the metal part that is screwed to the engine cylinder block).
Check the reliability of the cable clips installation: the connected cable terminals should not touch each other, and the positive clamp should not touch the "mass" (body or frame).

And further...

313. When starting the engine with a discharged battery, do not turn on the starter for more than 10 seconds.

The fact is that from the strong current of the terminal and the cable is heated. Between the inclusions of the starter, a pause is set to half a minute. In the process of "cigarette", do not lean over the battery: you can get a burn. After starting, the cable is disconnected in the sequence, the inverse of the one in which they were attached.

314. In severe frosts, take the battery at night home.

Provided, of course, that in the car there is an autonomous anti-theft alarm.
And another small trick: leaving the car in the parking lot or in the garage, disconnect the plus terminal of the battery. If a hijacker will be lit on your car, he will need extra time to understand why the engine does not start, and this additional minute of the attacker will destroy.
The functions of the anti-theft device can also perform the "mass" switch installed in a place known only to the owner. In parallel, connect the conventional fuse (2a) with two thin wiring. Now, when the "mass" is turned off, the chain will be closed through the fuse, and parking lights Will burn. However, when the ignition is turned on, the fuse, which is not designed for such a load, instantly overrigent, and the chain is de-energized.

Well-groomed car - an installation in which all the nodes and mechanisms take place in a timely manner, the surfaces are clean, "onboard systems" work normally. The car battery is responsible for launching the engine, the operation of electronics and the means of ensuring a comfortable ride. Reliable operation of the battery is impossible without periodic service. Basically, lead acid accumulators are installed on the car. We will tell about the varieties and order of service of batteries.

Depending on the type of batteries installed on auto, maintenance consists of a set of mandatory operations. They can be made with their own hands or contact a hundred.

Acid lead batteries are divided by the device:

• served;
• low-service;
• non-servant;
• hybrid.

Served batteries are found on modern cars rarely. They are uncomfortable in operation, require increased attention to the charge and level of electrolyte in banks, poorly carry sharp air fluctuations. These are purely lead or multi-day batteries.

Low-service batteries are made of lead with a small antimony additive. Charging and maintenance of automobile anti-dynamic battery is to control the level of electrolyte in 30,000 km of run. The case is durable. After complete discharge, the battery is self-set. Most cars have low-service batteries.

If the batches of the battery are made of lead with calcium alloy, there is no need for maintenance. There are no covers on the banks, the amount of electrolyte is not checked. Service of calcium car batteries is timely charging. The limit is considered the residual charge of 25%. The discharged completely battery is not restored. Therefore, the owner of the car must closely monitor possible leaks, do not leave the energy supply systems from the battery overnight.

If the plates carrying a positive and negative charge are made of different alloys, anticulate and calcined, the battery is called hybrid. It has all the advantages of these types, but occasionally required to check the level of electrolyte. The battery is not afraid complete discharge, from providing a quick start of a high level of start-up current. The disadvantage is the high cost of AKB.

Car battery maintenance with your own hands

On average, each acb is designed to work for 4 years, with insufficient maintenance, the device will "score" for 3 years. Performing all conditions on timely care and then you can extend the shelf life of the battery under 6 years. Given the value of the node in the range of 5,000 rubles, the benefit of considerable.

Events affecting the performance of batteries, the deadlines are spelled out in the instructions for the device.

1. Measuring the level of electrolyte in each element is carried out with a glass tube lowered to the cavity. The fluid level must be 12-15 mm. Distilled water is added if necessary.
2. The electrolyte density measurement is made by the range, according to the instructions. Indications are checked with the table. The adjustment is led by distilled water with subsequent recharging.
3. Check the battery charge, it must be 12.6 V.

When working with the battery, security measures must be observed - work in a ventilated room, in rubber gloves. It is necessary to neutralize the spilled electrolyte with soda or ammonia solution.

Why decreases the shelf life of the AKB

Consider the reasons that can lead to a vehicle breakdown. Repair and maintenance warning emergency. It is important to always contain the battery clean, inspect the state of the terminals, clean them.

1. Battery operating status - Full charge in time of launch, feeding lost energy while driving from the generator. But if the car is equipped with several ecu, devices - consumers of energy, after the level of charge should be monitored systematically. The generator may not provide a complete charging in conditions of intermittent movement with downtime.
2. Temperature parameters are important for the passage of electrochemical reaction. For the battery, the movement of the electrolyte is scared - the lead plates are destroyed, a crack will appear in the housing. But optimally, the battery operates in the temperature range of +25 ~ -15 0 C. The hot electrolyte evaporates, barren plates. Cold - for each degree below -15 loses 1% of the container.
3. The maintenance of the on-board network is the voltage regulator and the generator really affect the operation of the AKB. With a high voltage level, a frequent reloading of an energy source is required. With reduced voltage, the battery will always be charged completely.
4. Sulfating plates is an inevitable electrolysis process using sulfuric acid. An insoluble precipitate falls out, which can be removed by pulsed current or chemically, washing cavities with a trilon B. When the salt of lead sulfate on the surfaces, the capacity is reduced, increased voltage on the terminals, overheating.

In order to notice the deviation from the norm in the battery, the battery should be diagnosed, repair and maintenance of the AKB. Part of the work can be performed with your own hands, others entrust to those skilled in the art.

Maintenance of the car battery with their own hands, performed efficiently, makes it possible to increase its life by 2-2.5 times, save money, time.

The need for service is due to such factors:

• Over time, the charge parameters deteriorate.
• Simple transport with a working engine contributes to the discharge of the automotive battery.
• Poor-quality, late care leads to irreversible processes. The battery failed cannot be serviced.

Studying factors affecting the battery use period allows you to maintain the device in a working condition.

Level of charge

Frequent car battery discharge helps to reduce use time. The masters recommend constantly charge car batteries serviced, fill the charge loss. But when moving around the city, it is difficult to achieve this result. After all, the motor periodically starts and turns off. In this case, the use of a network charger is allowed. Charge the power source with it easily.

Temperature mode

The main effect of the temperature has on starting power. To obtain the maximum capacity, a temperature of 15 degrees is required. The container is lost with a decrease in the specified temperature.

IN winter Rechargeable battery service is performed more often. After all, with full, partial freezing of the battery, the quality of the electrolyte is worsening.

Look at the video about the service of the battery in the cool time.

The operability of the side system

The state of batteries of cars depends on the state of the electrical network. Therefore, the generator and the regulator must be maintained in a working condition. Otherwise, it will be difficult to operate the battery.

The supply of excessively high voltage leads to boiling, recharge. The electrolyte level is gradually decreasing. And for its increase, it is necessary to top up distilled water.

Corrosion processes

Suspend corrosive processes is easy. This uses additives alloying impurities. To minimize the probability of corrosion flow, a better electrolyte is required. Fill it if necessary.

Sulfation

Its intensity is reduced if charging and maintenance of the car battery is performed in a timely manner.

Sulfate is installed using equipment, studies.

Rechargeable Battery Service Frequency

Maintenance divided into periodic and diagnostic. Most processes are implemented at home.

In order to understand how to maintain the battery, it is necessary to study all the subtleties.

Periodic service

• Operation of network charging. In front of the winter, charging is carried out quarterly, at a negative temperature - monthly. Network charging is applied when the power supply is completely discharged.
• Apply the load plug to assess the general condition.
• Establishing the density of electrolytic composition. From this depends on the operation of the AKB.
• Calculation of leakage current. The performance of the power supply, the state of the electrical nodes depends on this characteristic.
• Desulfation process.

Charging the maintenance of the car battery is performed according to a special scheme.

Diagnostics

• Measurement voltage level after turning off the power source.
• Measurement of voltage with the engine running.
• Assessment of the state of the battery at home.

Diagnostics associated with testing characteristics, level of electrolytic fluid, oil, performed regularly. Such processes allow you to maintain rechargeable batteries in a working condition.

Automotive Battery Service Rules

The performance of motor vehicles depends on the state of the power source. Therefore, the battery maintenance must be gradually.

Visual estimate

The battery is inspected 2-3 times a month if the vehicle is actively operated. Salt, oil spots and electrolyte leaks are removed from the housing. For cleaning is allowed to use a solution comprising a food soda.

Adhesions of the electrolytic composition contribute to the formation of a film that contributes to the current, the rapid self-discharge. Terminals, conclusions are processed by anti-corrosion mixtures. Before processing from these items, rust residues, dust and contaminants are removed.

Voltage level measurements

The degree of charge is set using a multimeter with a closed and open circuit. When placing the terminals, polarity must be observed. European, domestic devices are distinguished by the placement of negative, positive terminals.

The voltage of the fully charged battery is 12.6 V. to operate, maintain a battery that is not fully charged, it is impossible. After all, the sulfate process will flow rapidly.

The voltage is measured and when the engine is turned on, the connected stove and the on-board network. Such a regime implies a voltage of 13-14 V.

Such measurements are necessary to establish the state of the generator. The battery charging depends on its performance. With an excessively low voltage, the charge will not completely be completely accumulated.

The lack of voltage contributes to the rapid flow rate of distilled water. In order to correct the situation, you need to test and repair the electric car.

Electrolyte

It is possible to estimate the level of electrolytic composition without disassembling the battery. The procedure is carried out after the device is fully charged.

• Served acb. To determine the level of electrolyte, openings focused on banks. A plastic tube is lowered into the hole until its edge will touch the plates. The resulting parameter should be at least 10 mm. It is very important to know how to add the electrolytic composition.
• Unqualified Akb. To check the electrolyte in the battery, appropriate labels are used. For more information on how to serve the maintenance-free battery, you can learn from the masters.

Additionally, the degree of electrolyte density is also estimated. The measurement uses the range. Distilled water, a new electrolyte is used to adjust the density level. Before pouring the composition, the degree of density is measured.

Talk leakage

An overly high leakage current prevents the constant charge restoration, contributes to the rapidly discharge of the battery. You can measure this parameter using a multimeter. Account service after such an inspection will be simplified.

Charging AKB

Charging at constant voltage is performed quarterly. Winter care, service is performed more often. After all, a negative temperature is affected by the battery.

With a complete discharge of the power source, an extraordinary charge is required. Such situations arise from:

• Phamp included.
• Long listening to music.
• Long downtime.

You need to charge the battery only with constant current.

Assessment of the status of AKB

For these purposes, a load plug is used, with which the maximum load is simulated with the engine running. Such events are easy to perform.

Periodic battery training

Twice a year there is a need for a battery training. Timely training cycles reduce the speed of the sulfation process. But the maximum effect is achieved with minimal sulfate indicators. More launched cases are carried out by other measures.

Correctly spent training source allows you to install a real capacity.

How to serve maintenance-free acb?

The maintenanceable battery needs care. Service such ankb is simple.

1. Inspection of the housing. In the process, the general condition is monitored, defects, damage, flows of electrolytic mixture are detected.
2. Check, repair drainage channels. They are cleaned of contamination, dust.
3. Visual inspection.
4. Detection of leaks of electrolytic composition.
5. Neutralization of acidic, alkaline medium.
6. Processing of inputs, contacts with lubrication. Such actions contribute to the extension of life, preventing destruction.
7. Testing working capacity terminals. The level of charge obtained from the generator depends on the results.

In the unworchable battery, the electrolyte is optional.

Features of care for serviced batteries

Maintenance includes procedures:

• Assessment of the degree of reliability of fastening. If necessary, the bolts, the nuts are fixed.
• Terminals, clamps are cleaned of oxides, rust. To prevent corrosion formation, parts are processed by lubricants.
• Visual and instrumental check of the level of electrolytic composition. Special tubes are used to verify. With a decrease in electrolyte level, banks are filled with distilled water prepared by electrolyte. You can buy them in stores.
• Establishing electrolyte density. The level of charge depends on this indicator. Excessively low indicators indicate a bad charge.
• Checking the performance of the battery using the load plug.

Pouring the electrolyte is performed only in the presence of sublishes. This procedure Includes a number of processes. The efficiency of the onboard system, main nodes and cars depends on the correctness of their implementation.

Security measures

Battery maintenance is maintained in accordance with some recommendations, safety measures:

• Before working, glasses, gloves from durable material are prepared.
• All events are held in rooms equipped with ventilation systemsCommunications.
• When working with acids, alkalis requires compliance.
• Play batteries need to be clean and dry surface.
• Contact of the skin and electrolytic composition must be eliminated.

The operation of all mechanisms, vehicle systems depends on the performance of the battery. Energy generated by power source is used to start the motor, feeding electronic nodes and the on-board network.

Exclude the rapid failure of the battery is easy. This requires the power supply maintenance.

Video on the subject of service AKB

The bulk vehicle Not depending on the model, the year of release and the manufacturer is equipped with such a necessary part as a battery. This is one of the varieties of a conventional electric battery. The main function of this device is to ensure the electrical current of all systems and mechanisms of the machine or motorcycle with a non-working onboard generator.

The battery is used in the following cases:

• power supply for the ignition system when the engine is first started;
• supplying electric shock of onboard systems of a car or a motorcycle with a non-working power unit;
• ensuring additional power supply for automotive devices when the generator is running.

The basic principle of the battery, according to the laws of physics, is the process of creating a voltage between contact plates placed in a special solution. Initially, the contacts in the battery were made of copper and zinc, but they were short-lived and quickly decomposed during the work.

The honor of creating this scheme, which in a somewhat modified form reached the present day, belongs to the Frenchman by the name Plant, he first demonstrated the working prototype back in 1859.

The modern rechargeable battery for powering the electric network of the car consists of a plurality of different elements placed in a high-strength case made from polypropylene. Inside the housing is divided into several cells filled with electrolyte.

In each of the battery cells, lead plates are placed, having different polarity, which are covered by a special chemical reagent necessary for the occurrence of electric current. In order to prevent short circuit, the plates must be isolated from each other with a special material.

For the convenience of use and maintenance, some minor changes and improvements can be made to the basic battery design.

Types of batteries

There are the following types of car batteries:

1. served;
2. little serviced;
3. hybrid;
4. not served.

• Served. This type of battery for the car has been practically out of operation and is extremely rare in retail. Usually, these are models of domestic manufacturers. From other varieties of batteries (especially foreign production) they are distinguished a large number of Disadvantages that affect the convenience of operation.

The disadvantages of the servked batteries include a fragile unprotected housing (most often it was produced from an ebony), which was covered with a special substance that losing its properties with sharp fluctuations in ambient temperature. This is the reason for a sharp drop in the battery charge in the winter. This was the cause of the drop in the level of fluid in containers, which required its constant replenishment.

• Low service. Most often found in modern cars. Typically, such batteries are characterized by a very solid case from different species plastic. During operation, control the level of electrolytic fluid and its replenishment is about once every 30 thousand mileage kilometers. The advantages include their fairly moderate cost.
• Hybrid. Hybrid car batteries are one of the modifications of the previous type of batteries. But have a significant difference: contact groups Cells consist of different metals, which allows you to achieve certain advantages, namely:
  1. high current level during engine starting;
  2. small fluid flow in the battery;
  3. long life and unpretentiousness.

Hybrid car batteries are rare and are not in great demand due to high prices.

• Non-servant. The design of such batteries does not provide for monitoring and restoring the water level in the cells, in connection with which there are no necessary holes on the housing. However for proper use Unattended car batteries must be monitored by other nodes and car mechanisms that are part of electrical system. It is important to regularly control the status of the belts, follow the serviceability of the generator and the entire wiring of the machine. The combination of convenience and cheapness makes them the perfect choice For a car owner, if he is confident in the technical condition of his iron horse.

Maintenance of automotive batteries

The long and high-quality work of the car depends on the technical condition of all its parts, nodes and mechanisms. The same applies to the battery. The battery requires a careful attitude and timely service activities.

Measuring electrolyte level

If the battery is installed in your car requires maintenance, then to extend the service life, you need to regularly measure the level of electrolytic fluid in the battery compartments.

For this, it is enough to quantify with marks on the housing, noting the maximum and minimum fluid level.

In the case of their absence, you can use a special glass tube of the desired size. For this:

• open the battery cell tube;
• immerse the tube to the appropriate hole;
• close the top cut tube with your finger and remove it out;
• set the fluid level in the tube.

The fluid level in the tube must be no less than 12 mm and not exceed 15 mm. If necessary, you can restore required amount By adding distilled water.

Electrolyte density measurement

For the correct flow of chemical processes to generate an electric current in the battery, it is important to control the electrolyte density in the battery. It must correspond to the magnitude specified in specifications battery.

For this purpose, a special device is applied - hydrometer. It is a glass flask with a rubber pear at the end, the float is placed inside.

To determine the density of the solution, you need to carry out the following sequence of actions:

1. open the battery cell plugs;
2. release air from the flask, compressing a pear at its end;
3. immersating the tip of the flask into the hole on the battery release a pear, with the result that the range is filled with electrolyte;
4. get the value of the liquid density in the battery, which is indicated on fission divisions
5. check the resulting value with the battery specified in the documentation.

The electrolyte density in the battery depends on the model and the manufacturer, but is usually 1.24 kg / l. When operating the device in harsh climatic conditions The density can be somewhat increased.

If the numbers obtained as a result of your measurements are lower than necessary, the desired amount of distilled water should be addressed and put the battery for charging.

The voltage of a fully charged car battery should be 12.6 volts. This is evidenced by O. proper work The battery and its willingness to perform the provided functions on the power system of the car.

Security measures for maintenance

Work with rechargeable batteries is pretty dangerous procedure and requires compliance with certain security measures:

1. use protective gloves and points;
2. work in well ventilated rooms;
3. compliance with the strict procedure for working with acids and alkalis;
4. compliance with fire safety measures.

Long and high-quality battery operation - warranty good job All systems and mechanisms of the car. Electricity generated by the battery is necessary to start the engine, power electronic components and many other purposes.

Using the advice given above, any car enthusiast can independently carry out work on servicing the battery, which guarantees its trouble-free service for a long time.