The history of the village of Electricity transmission before the Great Patriotic War. History of the village Electric transmission before the Great Patriotic War One of three

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Power transmission during the war

Orlov Vladimir Efimovich

(Deputy Chief Engineer of GRES-3 named after R.E. Klasson)

The Great Patriotic War is a terrible wound and eternal glory in the history of our Motherland. A wound because the number of victims is incalculable. But that is why glory does not fade over the years - there is no greater feat than to give peace to your descendants.

Our duty is not only to honor the veterans of the Great Patriotic War, but also to explain, to tell the younger generation about the victories of that time, which were torn from the enemy by blood and sweat.

GRES-3 made a significant contribution to the Victory cause. The attached essay briefly describes that time.

On June 22, 1941, the war began. Already on June 23, the men of the village of Elektropotach began to go to the front. Life before June 22, 1941 began to be called - life before the war.

Of the 1200 workers at the power plant, 400 were called up to the front. The power plant has lost hundreds of skilled workers. They were replaced by yesterday's schoolchildren and vocational school students, the elderly and the disabled.

From the Peat enterprise, which supplied the power plant with peat, 1,118 skilled workers went to the front.

By November 1941, the need for such a volume of electricity began to be felt, which exceeded the capabilities of the machines remaining in operation. The distribution of energy capacities among Moscow enterprises was strictly limited. Each kilowatt was distributed according to the strictest rules.

Moscow was rescued by peat power plants - Shaturskaya GRES, GRES No. 3 named after R.E. Klasson, Orekhovo-Zuevskaya CHP. Every spring tens of thousands of people from Ryazan, Voronezh and other regions, mostly girls, were mobilized to produce peat. During the summer season, they had to produce enough peat to run power plants throughout the year. And on winter days, the entire population of Shatura, Pavlovsky Posad and Orekhovo-Zuevo went to clear the railway tracks from snow in order to ensure uninterrupted delivery of peat to the station. But peat was still not enough, and power plants switched to burning wood and stumps.

The lakes of the power plant were guarded by the Red Army division. The northeastern shore of Lake No. 4, the dividing dam between the 2nd and 3rd lakes, were especially protected, and a permanent, round-the-clock post was set up at the junction of three lakes No. 2, 3, 4, near the pumping water to the lakes from Zelenovsky quarries. Passage along the shore of Lake 4 and along the dividing dam between lakes 2 and 3 was prohibited from 10 pm to 6 am.

Anti-aircraft guns were installed on the northern shores of the third and fourth lakes. Anti-aircraft guns were also installed in the ash dump behind the quarries, opposite the new Green Island. The anti-aircraft gunners were girls - most of them from Moscow.

The boat station and the park were closed. The parachute tower, which is the most tall building in the village, was used as an observation post.

At the village council of the Electric Power Transmission, an extermination detachment of fifty people was created. The soldiers of the squad often trained in hand-to-hand combat in front of the club. Lenin, where the square is now. In the fall of 1941, the detachment took part in the battles for Moscow near Narofominsk.

In July 1941, at the Peat enterprise named after I. Klasson set up a workshop for the production of RSKA-1 nozzle parts. Strictly secret blueprints were issued to workers against receipt at the beginning of the shift. Nobody knew what the laborious part was for. The detail was an integral part of a formidable and hitherto unseen weapon - the BM-14 Katyusha rocket launcher.

Husbands and brothers who went to the front were replaced by girls and young women at the power station. They worked as boiler stokers, turbine driver assistants, pump drivers, electricians, turners, welders - mastered professions that were considered male.

The same situation was at the Peat enterprise. The skilled workers who left for the front were replaced by young women, 16–17-year-old boys and girls.

In August 1941, the field artillery equipment workshop PASM-22 arrived in the village of Elektropransition. Twelve Pullman wagons were adapted for ammunition handling. In one car there was a power station, in another a boiler room, in a third a mechanical workshop, in others there were departments for cleaning, crimping cases, filling them with gunpowder.

The site of the permanent location of the workshop was chosen for the former fields for drying peat, between the railway of the power plant and the highway to Elektroperechaya, at an insignificant distance from the Gorkovskoye highway. A switch was cut from the railway and a small railway dead end was built for the PASM parking lot. By this time, the fields were overgrown with young trees and bushes, which covered the workshop well.

PASM-22 provided anti-aircraft artillery with artillery ammunition for the entire Moscow air defense district. Soldiers from a military unit and civilians from Pavlovsky Posad, the village of Elektroperechaya and surrounding villages - about one hundred and fifty people in total - worked in the workshop. They quickly learned the difficult and dangerous profession of an ammunition collector. Cartridges, shells, fuses, mines were moved from carriage to carriage on conveyors. The Germans surrounding Moscow felt that shells were being prepared for battle somewhere nearby, they were looking for PASM, but they could not figure it out. PASM worked with maximum productivity, up to 30,000 shots of the same caliber went off the assembly line per shift.

On December 10, 1944, in the compartment where the shells were loaded with gunpowder, when the switch was turned on, a spark flared up, and the gunpowder exploded. Four girls and one soldier were killed.

On May 9, 1945 - on the last day of the war - shells (blank shells) were prepared on the PASM-22 for a festive fireworks display on Red Square in Moscow.

In connection with the difficult situation at the front at the beginning of the war, they were preparing for the worst. In case of the arrival of the Germans, a partisan detachment was created in the village of Elektroperechaya. The place for the base of the partisan detachment was chosen in the forest between the subsidiary plots White moss and the river Dubenka. The commander of the partisan detachment was appointed party organizer of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks at the State District Power Plant No. V.I. Klasson Bogachenkov. The partisan detachment was created according to all the rules of wartime, with turnouts in nearby villages.

In the most extreme case, the power plant was mined. The fourth turbine was dismantled and sent east. Many of the plant workers were preparing to evacuate with their families. All archival documents were destroyed.

The winter and spring of 1942 at the Power Transmission passed for many residents in conditions of a lack of food. And they had to work much more than before the war. Many went and traveled to the villages to exchange various things for food, mainly potatoes.

The time was very busy, like the summer of 1941. The Germans advanced south and advanced towards the Volga.

The power plant was operating at full capacity. The industry worked in three shifts around the clock. This created additional difficulties for the power plant - it often had to work at night with maximum power generation, which made it difficult to carry out the necessary repairs on the equipment at night.

The mechanical workshop of the power plant carried out military orders for the manufacture of weapon parts. It was difficult.

It was also difficult with food from the workers of the power plant, the products received by the cards did not correspond to the expenditures of strength and energy that they spent during an eleven-hour working day.

That year GRES No. 3 named after Klassona created her own subsidiary farm, which she began just before the outbreak of the war.

But, despite the difficulties, GRES №3 im. Klasson and Peat enterprise named after Klasson successfully worked, and the power plant uninterruptedly supplied the industry in Moscow and the Moscow region with electricity.

During the war, the staff of GRES No. 3 held the rolling Red Banner of the Defense Committee 11 times during the war. Over four hundred workers and employees of the power plant were awarded the medal "For the Defense of Moscow". For selfless labor during the war years, 1,094 employees of the enterprise were awarded the medal "For Valiant Labor".

For high technical and economic indicators by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated April 1, 1945, State District Power Plant No. 3 named after Klassona was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor. Fourteen employees of the power plant were awarded orders and medals, including the director of the State District Power Plant No. 3 named after Klassona Ivan Ananievich Erokhin.

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Working for PASM, we did not stand aside

War ... She is indifferent to the age and sex of a person ... She is merciless to everyone ... Men, women, children, old people ... She does not care who will live and who will die, who will stand in arms, and who will dig trenches ... She deprives of childhood and youth ... Today it is difficult to imagine schoolchildren cleaning shells during the summer holidays, or 17-year-olds working 12 hours a day. But during the war the youth of the Power Transmission worked. On PASM-22. We had a mobile artillery equipment workshop in the woods, supplying the front with shells.

One of the three

Back in the thirties, employees of the Main Artillery Directorate (GAU) came to the idea of ​​creating mobile ammunition assembly points for the uninterrupted supply of ammunition to troops in important strategic areas. We decided to equip the arsenal production in ... the train. By order of GAU, the industry manufactured mobile workshops, each one a dozen cars. Since the artillery ammunition came in the form of "semi-finished products": separately shells, shells, gunpowder, fuses, they had to be collected in stages. In one car, the chemical etching of the shells was going on, in the other - the preparation of the shells, in the third - the hanging of the charges, in the fourth - the assembly, etc. Each train had a power plant, a boiler room, and a mechanical repair shop. According to eyewitnesses, there were only three such arsenals on wheels, and they operated in decisive areas near Moscow, Stalingrad, and Leningrad. Hundreds, thousands of boxes with ammunition sent PASMs to firing positions every day.

The creation of PASM-22 was entrusted to the second rank military engineer L. Gordenin. A train (13 wagons) and about a thousand soldiers were provided at his disposal. Equipment for the workshop was delivered from enterprises in Moscow and Leningrad.

PASM-22 first settled at the Khrapunovo station. But the fascist aerial reconnaissance found it. At the end of August 1941, the workshop was transported to a railway dead end built by that time near the village of Elektroperechaya, which was located away from hostilities. From here, from PASM-22, there was a continuous stream of ammunition for the defenders of the Moscow sky. The casings from the positions were turned around many times. Our fellow countrymen worked day and night at the assembly line.

Valya the marker

Valya Chesmina came to PASM in 1941 as a 17-year-old girl. The village of Power Transmission is small, news travels quickly. Valya learned that at the 75th kilometer the workshop requires working hands. So she ended up on PASM.

Their family consisted of six people: mom, dad, grandmother and three children. Valya is the oldest. Only dad worked, mom looked after the children and the household. They lived very modestly. Like all Soviet people, they learned about the beginning of the war on the radio. Gathered for a family council, at which Valentina said that she was going to work.

On PASM they took her with a mark. For each shell, she had to put a stamp about the place and date of release. The little skinny girl who had never worked went out every day at five in the morning to get to work by six, the start of her shift.

- We lived very modestly. Dad was a tinsmith, he helped to block the roofs. When I went to work, he had to walk in bast shoes, - says Valentina Pavlovna. - There were no shoes, so my father gave me his boots. I stumbled in them, fell, but walked. Five kilometers there and then five kilometers back.

At six in the morning Valya was already in her carriage. On the conveyor, the girls connected the shells and shells, screwed the primers into them, and Valentina was responsible for marking by whom and when the shell was made. The shells - fragmentation and armor-piercing - were heavy, 85 cm long, slightly smaller than the girl herself. She could not lift the sleeve, therefore, having put a stamp, she turned it over to return it to the conveyor. Due to hard work, Valya was hospitalized with dislocation several times. shoulder joint, her hands were "set". But each time she returned to her former place of work to help the front.

In December 1944, tragedy struck. Early in the morning, when the switch was turned on, a spark flared up - and the gunpowder exploded.

-We heard a clap and saw that smoke was pouring towards us from a nearby trailer. Frightened, they abandoned everything, ran out into the street. We look, and there is a fire, everything is on fire! Someone managed to get out. Nina Chulkova was there, got out. And the rest of the girls are not. A soldier worked with them. He was without a leg, on a prosthesis. Stuck in the doorway. I am very sorry for Raya Ovechkin. She was so beautiful, cheerful, her hair was white. She lived on Gorky Street.

Then four girls and this soldier were killed.

Valya worked as a marker throughout the war from 1941 to 1945.

Despite her venerable age, Valentina Pavlovna Chashechkina visits the cemetery every year, where her comrades are buried. She loves life very much. She never refuses if she is invited to school with children. And when Valentina Pavlovna hears music, she cannot be held in place, she immediately starts dancing. The war is over, we must rejoice every day.

Children always remain children

During the battle for Moscow, residents of the Power Transmission saw the explosions of anti-aircraft shells in the sky, heard dull blows. The life of the village was rebuilt in a military manner. Trenches were dug in the park, the building of school No. 14 was prepared for a hospital, anti-aircraft guns were stationed on the lake.

In 1941, the construction of a narrow-gauge railway began on the 75th kilometer of the Gorkovskoye Highway. Schoolchildren helped the adults build the railway line: they chopped down trees, cleared the site, made an embankment, laid sleepers. Soon, PASM-22 arrived at the new location.

There were not enough working hands, and schoolchildren worked next to the adults.

Galya Shevova worked at PASM during the summer holidays from June to September (children began to study during the war years from October). In 1942 her year was 14 years old. The military came to the school and invited high school students, who were already 14-15 years old, for auxiliary work. The active girl did not think for a long time. Instead of sitting at home, it is better to help the front. The guys were built in pairs and together with teachers - Anna Vasilievna Kulikova (Blokhina) and Zinaida Ivanovna Molchanova - went to the PASM.

The carriages were made on hastily board racks, it turned out flooring. And they threw a tarp on top. Under this canopy, schoolchildren cleaned the shells with emery and turpentine. The casings from the positions were turned around many times, they were all rusty, and it took a lot of effort to clean them properly. Cleared, the boys put the shells in boxes and carried them to the wagons. The skin on my hands cracked from emery, everything ached. However, the guys felt like adults, realizing that they were doing a very important job for the front. And since 1943, everyone was happy to hear the news that in the workshop, in addition to ammunition, they would collect blank cartridges for salutes in honor of the victorious offensive of our army.

- The first years of the war were the most difficult and tense. We knew that there were battles near Moscow. Therefore, our help was needed, - says Galina Nikolaevna Lykova. - We worked from morning until lunchtime. We were fed there, and we went home. In the evenings, our propaganda team checked the blackout in the village so that not a single window could show through.

Despite the fact that we did not have youth, we still ran to the park to the dance floor, went to school, and organized evenings. Children are always children.

We remember

Our PASM was the first to master the production of 45-mm sub-caliber ammunition. It was a secret development at the time. Projectiles with a tungsten carbide rod pierced armor more than 70 millimeters thick, they were worth their weight in gold, and were delivered to the troops by aircraft.

More than two-thirds of the victorious salutes during the war in Moscow were produced by shells from this workshop.

PASM-22, supplying artillery with ammunition, made a significant contribution to the defeat of the Nazis near Moscow. In addition, throughout the Great Patriotic War, the workshop continued to produce shells for sending them to different fronts, which indicates the significant role of this production.

In the year of the 50th anniversary of the Victory, an obelisk was erected at the site of the PASM-22 in memory of the labor feat of the Electrogorsk people.

In August 1941, a field artillery equipment workshop arrived in the village of Elektropransition. Twelve Pullman cars were adapted for working with ammunition, preparing them for firing. In one car there was a power station, in another a boiler room, in a third a mechanical workshop, in others there were departments for cleaning, roasting the shells, filling them with gunpowder. anti-aircraft artillery of the entire Moscow air defense district.
In the fall of 1941, there was a fierce battle for Moscow, the Germans were ready to strike the country in the very heart, but our people stood to death. Already in the first days of September, PASM-22 began to produce ammunition for the front. Soldiers from a military unit and civilians from Pavlovsky Posad, the village of Elektroperechaya and surrounding villages - about one hundred and fifty people in total - worked in the workshop. They quickly learned the difficult and dangerous profession of an ammunition collector. Cartridges, shells, fuses, mines were moved from carriage to carriage on transports. The military arriving from the front on trains and cars brought the shot casings, receiving ammunition for them. The Germans surrounding Moscow felt that shells were being prepared for battle somewhere nearby, they were looking for PASM, but they could not figure it out. PASM worked with maximum productivity, up to 30,000 shots of the same caliber went off the assembly line per shift. The military arriving from the front called: "Help, people are dying, there are no shells." And the Paseem team tried, not sparing themselves. They stayed overnight in the workshops: they would rest a little and, awakened by a blow on the sleeve, again stand up to the machines. Anastasia Ivanovna Mukhina, who worked in the first department of the workshop (and there were five of them in total), says: “At first we unloaded boxes with spent cartridges from the train, and sometimes new ones were received from the factory. In our department, the old cartridges were washed, they were thrown to us one by one through the window. " Further, the shells along the conveyor for refueling in the second compartment, where they were loaded with gunpowder. On December 20, 1944, when the switch was turned on, a spark flashed - and the gunpowder exploded. Four girls and one soldier were killed. "Dunya, you are my sweet one." - the mother of Evdokia Selishcheva fell, walking behind the coffin. And it is still unknown where that soldier came from, by the name of Kaergozhin ...
Shura Petrishcheva, who worked in the fifth department, screwed fuses into shells for 85-mm cannons. In 1943, she, as well as M. Markov, N. Zhitareva, P. Ivanov, was awarded the medal "For Labor Distinction" by M.I. Kalinin.
“I came to work for PASM from school fourteen,” recalls Alexandra Nikolaevna Mushkina, “my mother was taken to the hospital, my brothers stayed at home - one year, one two, and my sister and I entered the PASM. They did not come home for days. Let's rest for 15 minutes - and again at the machine. I fed the casings into the crimp, screwed in fuses, collected nettles for the dining room. "
The command ordered an increase in the release of ammunition - and cars with shells rushed to the front, on which girls from the PASM wrote "Death to the Nazis!" And the front moved farther and farther from Moscow, and now in the report of the Soviet Information Bureau appeared the first good news about the cities taken by Soviet troops, about the territories liberated from the Germans. And in the artillery workshop, they began to prepare casings without fuses - for salutes.
And on May 9, 1945, in the happiest generation in the life of the survivors of the war, when everyone laughed and cried, and strangers hugged in the streets, that day the girls from the PASM went to work. They prepared shells for the fireworks, and in the evening the cars rushed to Moscow in order to fire the last time in this war - a victorious festive salvo on Red Square.
And fifty years later, in May 1995. when the people celebrated the 50th anniversary of the victory in the Great Patriotic War, a monument was erected on the place where the PASM stood. Schoolchildren and the city administration came to its opening, a priest and a church choir came, PasEem residents, their children and grandchildren came. A tall gray-haired old man, a former mechanic of an artillery workshop, Alexander Yakovlevich Artemyevskikh read his poems.

and during the war, hundreds of residents of the Elektropranshaya village were mobilized and volunteered for the front. V last days On June 1941, graduates of school No. 14 also danced at the graduation ball. A few days later, many of them arrived at the Pavlovo Posad military registration and enlistment office. How many children died at the front! .. In the Museum of Military Glory of School No. 14 there are old photographs on the stands, and in those photographs there are young faces of graduates who did not return from the war.
Kolya Timoshkin died at Stalingrad, Konstantin Romanov was killed in Latvia. Kolya Merezhkovsky voluntarily joined the militia. He never reached draft age, went missing in intelligence.
Fought in artillery Lev Bogorodsky, Alexey Dorofeev, Vladimir Dikarev, Vladimir Lupezhov. Evgeny Ivanov, Evgeny Zakharov, Evgeny Ryzhov fought with the Nazis in the sky.
Konstantin Kudryashov graduated from the Yeisk Military Pilot School and in August 1942 became a squadron commander. During his military service, he made 135 night combat missions deep behind enemy lines, delivering ammunition and special cargo to the partisans, including thirty-five sorties to the Yugoslav partisans. In November 1944, Konstantin Mikhailovich Kudryashov was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
The rifle company was commanded by a graduate of the 14th school, Viktor Makarov. When crossing the Danube River in Hungary near Budapest, the Makarov company was ordered to be the first to cross the river and seize a bridgehead on the opposite bank. Fighters moved on rafts and boats, reaching the other bank of the Danube. German flares flashed in the sky, searchlights cut through the night darkness. And suddenly the landing was discovered by the enemy Through the continuous curtain of fire, the brave soldiers managed to break through to the shore, and here, in a fierce battle, knock the Germans out of the trench. "The enemy is driven out of the trenches. Makarov orders to take a fierce defense. Head Soviet soldiers a barrage of artillery fire fell, and bombs fell from the air. And then tanks and infantry went to storm the positions captured by the landing party. Sixteen counterattacks were repulsed in a day. One of which is worth, and here there are more than a dozen of them. From a nearby height, the enemy was firing point-blank machine-gun fire at the subunits that were being transported. Between the counterattacks, Makarov with a group of fighters captured the height, destroying the machine-gun nests. This ensured the crossing of the rest of the companies of the first battalion, ”- as wrote about the feat of V. S. Makarov, the Great Patriotic War participant and local historian S. N. Grabilin. From that bridgehead captured on the banks of the Danube, our troops began the battle to defeat the enemy's Budapest grouping. And Viktor Stepanovich Makarov was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for his accomplished feat.

The first settlers on the territory of the future city at the beginning of the twentieth century were the builders of the power plant. The place where the city now stands was at that time completely undeveloped and even unsuitable for human habitation. The history of the city is closely related to the history of the power plant. The earliest stage in the history of the city is, in fact, the history of the development of the power plant, it was she who laid the foundation for the working village "Elektroperechaya", from which the city later grew.

The construction of the largest power plant in Russia was mainly completed by the middle of 1913, 11 months after the start of construction, and on March 12, 1914, the power plant put its first current into the grid. In May 1923, through the "swamp" substation (it still stands and is located near house No. 23 on Lenin Street), it provided the first electricity for the operation of electrified peat elevator machines installed in the swamp.

By 1913, several peat-bog settlements were built, mainly with summer barracks. The village "Elektroperechaya" was not a single whole, as we now see the city, but was, so to speak, scattered. Simultaneously with the construction of the station, the swamps were drained, and on these islands houses and other outbuildings of the future city were built. So, in 1912-13. In the immediate vicinity of the power plant, the central settlement "Elektroperechaya" was built, or, as it was also called, a settlement of the 1st category, where houses for engineering and technical personnel were built. It was the most equipped street. Fir trees were planted near the houses, street lighting was carried out. Now it is Lenin Street. The settlement of the II category, where there were hotels, an office, a horse yard, was located on the place where the substation of the state district power station No. 3 is now located from the side of Sovetskaya Square. In the settlement of the III category, houses were built for highly qualified workers - now these are the streets of K. Marx and F. Engels. In 1914-15, on the western shore of Lake Gosbuzhie, a category IV settlement (later Oktyabrskaya and Dzerzhinsky streets) was built for shift personnel: stokers, machinists. It has not survived.

Until 1915, peasants who came for peat extraction were prohibited from bringing their families with them and from staying in the villages of Elektroperedachi for the winter. After the administration of the power plant gave such permission (this was due to a change in the technology of peat extraction), the village received a new impetus for development. So, already in the same 1915, the settlement "Gidrotorf" was built - the modern street of Ukhtomsky. On the initiative of Klasson, Krzhizhanovsky and Winter, an outpatient clinic, an X-ray room, and a maternity ward were built. On the initiative of Larisa Ivanovna Radchenko and Zinaida Pavlovna Krzhizhanovskaya, a school was built.

In the early 1920s, the workers' settlement grew and developed rapidly. Many new houses and wooden barracks were built. Construction took place mainly in the area where Gorky and Kalinin streets are now located. In 1921, the building of the factory committee was built, which housed the police, the party bureau of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, and the Komsomol committee. On the fourth category, the Commune House was built, where the Komsomol members lived. Not far from the building of the plant committee there is a hostel for the operating personnel; currently, shops are located in this building on Sovetskaya Square. In 1918, the Hammer and Sickle food cooperative was created, which was located where the city market is now, i.e. on Gorky Street. It was extremely difficult to get to the cooperative in the spring, there was impassable mud all around, sometimes you even had to use a boat to get into the cooperative. In 1920, there were about 70 houses in the village.

In 1922, a club was built, and in 1927 a whole hospital complex, which included: a maternity ward, a kitchen, a laundry.

In the mid-1920s, intensive construction began in the area of ​​the first category, where two-storey wooden twelve apartment buildings with central heating, electric lighting, running water, and sewerage were built. In 1925-27. houses were built on both sides of the experimental field - now these are Pionerskaya and Komsomolskaya streets. Here were built two-story wooden houses with all conviniences. Since the construction of houses near the experimental field, names by category began to disappear; the first names appear along the streets.

In 1928-29. the first two large stone houses in three floors on Stalin street (now houses № 21 and 23 on Lenin street). Large-scale construction was carried out on Skvortsy and on the Kamenny quarry, where barracks for workers were built. In the early 1930s, when the power plant named after engineer Klasson joined the all-Union Stakhanov movement, a special house was built for the shock workers. This three-story stone house was built near the second lake on Stalin Street (now Lenin Street 16). In the fall of 1931, a shop for shock workers was opened there. One-story brick and cinder block two- and four-apartment buildings were built on the territory of the III-category.

In 1922, construction began on a railway bridge across the Klyazma River. Simultaneously with the construction of the bridge, work began on the construction of a wide-gauge railway line from the Pavlov-Posad station to the village of Elektroperechaya. This road was supposed to facilitate the delivery of equipment and building materials as well as improve passenger traffic. In 1925, a movement was opened along railroad, in the same 1925 a railway station was built in the village, which, unfortunately, has not survived to this day. At the end of the 1920s, a large natural park was equipped with the efforts of the inhabitants of the village: a summer stage, a dance floor, a shooting gallery, and a summer library were built there. In 1934, a stadium with a football field, basketball and volleyball courts, and a playground for small towns was built next to the park. In winter, a large skating rink was flooded at the stadium, where all the youth of the village came to skate. In 1939, a parachute tower was built in the park according to the design of the designer I. A. Shchelkov, a resident of the city. The tower was considered one of the best parachute towers in the Soviet Union. In 1930, a factory school (FZU) was built on the territory of the power plant. The school was faced with the task of training skilled workers for a power plant and a peat enterprise. FZU trained electricians, stokers, turbine drivers, railroad workers. In total, about 400 people studied at the school. In 1940, the FZU was reorganized into a vocational school for power engineers. Children from all over the Soviet Union came to study here. Two dormitories were built especially for them: male and female. In addition to FZU, there were two evening technical schools in the village: peat and energy.

In 1936, a new ten-year school №14 was built. In 1933, a new powerhouse club was built with a large auditorium for a thousand people; small hall for 200 people. A sports hall was built at the club, in which all year round the youth of the power plant trained.

Power transmission during the Great Patriotic War.

city ​​of Elektrogorsk, Moscow region.

June 22 in the afternoon at the power station. R.E. Klasson held a meeting. The rally adopted a resolution in which workers, office workers, and engineering and technical workers of GRES-3, warmly approving the decision of the Soviet government to resolutely rebuff the fascist aggressors, declare: Stalin. labor discipline in production: without any panic, together, we will study military affairs in an organized manner. The peoples of our great Motherland have shown miracles of heroism, fortitude and faith in victory more than once in history. The headquarters of the Hitlerite rulers to enslave the great Soviet people will be beaten; the fascist hordes will be defeated and driven from our sacred territory.

Let us close our ranks more tightly around our great party!

Long live our gallant Red Army and Navy!

Long live the Soviet government!

Long live the great, dear Stalin! "

To successfully wage a war against a formidable enemy, the state needed, first of all, to strengthen its armed forces and increase their numbers. To this end, on June 22, the mobilization of men aged 23 to 36 was announced. 400 people went to the front from the power plant, 1118 from the peat enterprise.

Already in the first days of the war, the places of those who left to defend the Motherland were replaced by children who had been schoolchildren and women yesterday, and pensioners were returning to enterprises. They returned to their places, replacing those who had gone to the front. People gave everything for the front, everything for victory, completing tasks by more than 150%. Throughout the war, the station staff ensured an increase in electricity generation, a decrease in the specific consumption of fuel and electricity, an uninterrupted supply of electricity to the industry of Moscow, Pavlovo-Posad, Orekhovo-Zuevsky, Noginsky districts. In the first years of the war, the station reached the pre-war level, and as a result of its work in 1944, it achieved such indicators that it did not have for the entire period of its existence.

The Soviet Government highly appreciated the dedicated work of the collective. By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of April 1, 1945, GRES-3 was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor for achieving high technical and economic indicators. During the war years, the peat enterprise named after. R.E. Klasson was awarded the Passing Red Banner of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) four times, nine times the collective of the enterprise held the Passing Red Banner of the State Defense Committee in their hands. 372 workers were awarded the medal "For the Defense of Moscow", 1094 people - the medal "For Valiant Labor". Fedor Andrianovich Poletaev was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

In the cold and in the rain, day and night, women selflessly, sparing no effort, extracted peat, worked 12-14 hours a day. The brigades of Kolomenskaya, Dragunova, Mokhovaya met the peat production norms by 300-500 percent. In the evenings, the girls knitted mittens, socks, so that they could then be sent to the front to the soldiers. In a peat quarry and on railway tracks, 16-17-year-old boys and girls and adult workers selflessly worked at the machine and on the steam locomotive. Each of them has fulfilled his duty to the Fatherland in full. The peat enterprise contributed to the development of the defense industry, to the victory over the Nazi invaders, because peat is the same tanks, aircraft and mortars for the Red Army.

In August 1941, a field artillery equipment workshop arrived in the village of Elektroperechaya. Already in the first days of September, PASM-22 began to produce ammunition for the front. Soldiers from a military unit and civilians from Pavlovsky Posad, the village of Elektroperechaya and surrounding villages - about one hundred and fifty people in total - worked in the workshop. In 1943, employees of PASM-22 A. Petrishcheva, N. Zhitareva, M. Markov, P. Ivanov were awarded medals "For Labor Distinction" for their selfless work. Fifty years later, in May 1995, when Russia celebrated the 50th anniversary of victory in the Great Patriotic War, a monument was erected at the place where the PASM stood.

With the beginning of the war, martial law was introduced in the village of Elektropranshaya. All residents were mandatorily ordered to dig dugouts near their homes for shelter during a possible air raid. In the evening and at night, it was necessary to observe the blackout. To protect a strategically important facility - a power plant from enemy air raids, an anti-aircraft crew was installed at the site of the ORS base (where the city market is now located). Two cannons were located on the shore of the second lake, where the state district power station's fish farm is now; four more anti-aircraft guns were stationed in the place where the ELEON plant is now located. The power plant was covered with green camouflage shields.

At the beginning of the war, a military airfield was deployed in the village. During the battle near Moscow, PO-2 planes constantly flew there. After the enemy was driven back from the capital, the military airfield was moved from the village to another location closer to the front. During the four years of the Great Patriotic War, hundreds of residents of the village went to the front. Many of them have never returned to their homes. These heroes, at the cost of their lives, defended Freedom, Independence and the Future of our Fatherland!

Eternal honor and memory to them!

PASM - 22 (Arsenal on wheels).

the city of Elektrogorsk, Moscow region

PASM is a mobile artillery equipment workshop. Back in the thirties, the workers of the GAU (Main Artillery Directorate) came to the idea of ​​creating mobile ammunition assembly points for the uninterrupted supply of ammunition to troops in important strategic directions. A bold idea was born to equip an arsenal production in ... a train. By order of GAU, the industry manufactured mobile workshops, each of which was a dozen cars, in some of them - chemical etching of casings, in others - preparation of shells, in the third - hanging charges, in the fourth - assembly, etc. Separately in the carriages - power plant, boiler room, mechanical repair shop. Similar arsenals on wheels operated in such decisive areas as near Moscow, Stalingrad, Leningrad.

At the beginning of 1939. PASM - 21 was formed with the aim of quickly producing shells during the period of hostilities on the Karelian Isthmus. The workshop met expectations. By order of the Main Artillery Directorate, the carriages were re-equipped.

When the Great Patriotic War began, and a difficult situation arose near Moscow, it was necessary to organize the release of shells as soon as possible. The Germans were eager for Moscow; There was not enough ammunition - factories, bases and warehouses were evacuated, they were still on the way.

The creation of PASM-22 was entrusted to a military engineer of the second rank L.Ya. Gordenin. A train (13 wagons) and about a thousand soldiers were provided at his disposal. The equipment for the workshop was delivered from enterprises in Moscow and Leningrad. At the end of July 1941, the PASM was re-formed in Kaluga. PASM-22 first settled at the Khrapunovo station. But the fascist aerial reconnaissance found it. At the end of August 1941. The workshop was transported to a railway dead end built by that time near the village of Elektroperechaya (now the city of Elektrogorsk). The next morning we learned: enemy planes were intensively bombing the former parking lot.

Our quiet and very green village was located away from hostilities. But during the battle for Moscow, residents saw the explosions of anti-aircraft shells in the sky, heard dull blows. The life of the village was rebuilt in a military manner. Trenches were dug in the park, the building of school No. 14 was prepared for a hospital, anti-aircraft guns were stationed on the lake, and an extermination battalion was being formed. On the 75th kilometer of the Gorkovskoye highway, the construction of a narrow-gauge railway began. Schoolchildren helped the adults build the railway line: they chopped down trees, cleared the site, made an embankment, laid sleepers. Soon, PASM-22 arrived at the new location, and work began on the production of shells.

Our fellow countrymen worked day and night at the assembly line. For their shock work, many of them were awarded certificates and a medal "For Labor Distinction": M. Konnova, O. Golikova, M. Knyazeva, A. Rimskaya, T. Belova, etc. But then, in 1941, none of them did not think about the awards.

There were not enough working hands, and schoolchildren worked next to the adults. After studying 4-5 lessons, they went to the PASM together with the young teachers. At the conveyor under a tarpaulin canopy, they cleaned the shells with emery and turpentine. The skin on their hands cracked, and in the morning, when they came to school, the guys could hardly hold the pen. The guys felt like adults, realizing that they were doing a very important job for the front. But, perhaps, at that time they did not fully represent the significance of the PASM, for their work in which some of them, together with adults, were awarded medals "For the Defense of Moscow".

From here, from PASM - 22, there was a continuous stream of ammunition for the defenders of the Moscow sky. The casings from the positions were turned around many times. Arsenals put poetic appeals to the soldiers in the boxes with shells: "Casings of gold are more expensive, casings - a shot at the enemy, we should not throw casings and trample them in the snow (in the grass)."

Our PASM was the first to master the production of 45-mm sub-caliber ammunition. It was a secret novelty at the time. Projectiles with a tungsten carbide rod pierced armor more than 70 millimeters thick, they were worth their weight in gold, and were delivered to the troops by aircraft.

The most difficult and tense were 1941 - 1942. In 1943, everyone was happy to hear that in the workshop, in addition to ammunition, they would collect blank shots for salutes in honor of the victorious offensive of our army. More than two-thirds of the victorious salutes during the war in Moscow were produced by the shells of this workshop.

Thus, PASM - 22, supplying artillery with ammunition, made a significant contribution to the defeat of the Nazis near Moscow. In addition, throughout the Great Patriotic War, the workshop continued to produce shells for sending them to different fronts, which indicates the significant role of this production.

In the year of the 40th anniversary of the Victory, on the initiative of the team of our school, an obelisk was erected at the site of PASM-22 in memory of the labor feat of the Electrogorsk people.