Fernand Magellan's first trip around the world. The first circumnavigation of the world Magellan's trip around the world shook the imagination of contemporaries test

Prologue. In 1513, Nunier de Balboa discovered the South Sea (Pacific Ocean), but no one could tell how far it stretched. It was assumed that the coveted Asia stretched behind him. But in order to sail to Asia through the South Sea, ships had to first get into this very sea. And how can this be done if not a single strait has been found over the entire length of the recently discovered continent for 20 years? In the course of the search, it turned out that America is blocking Asia from the Europeans. The wealth of the New World was still hidden from the Europeans, and it was perceived as a hindrance to be bypassed. Searches in the south seemed more promising, but even here tremendous difficulties awaited the travelers. The further south of the equator, the more rugged the coastline became, and the more difficult it was to replenish food supplies. The Indians in these parts showed hostility, and quite a few Spaniards died in skirmishes with them. The ships moved farther and farther from their homes, the distance to them was measured in many thousands of kilometers, and the travel time was no longer for months, but for years. To force people in such conditions to swim into the unknown, an iron will and a firm hand were required. In 1513, Nunier de Balboa discovered the South Sea (Pacific Ocean), but no one could tell how far it stretched. It was assumed that the coveted Asia stretched behind him. But in order to sail to Asia through the South Sea, ships had to first get into this very sea. And how can this be done if not a single strait has been found over the entire length of the recently discovered continent for 20 years? In the course of the search, it turned out that America is blocking Asia from the Europeans. The wealth of the New World was still hidden from the Europeans, and it was perceived as a hindrance to be bypassed. Searches in the south seemed more promising, but even here tremendous difficulties awaited the travelers. The further south of the equator, the more rugged the coastline became, and the more difficult it was to replenish food supplies. The Indians in these parts showed hostility, and quite a few Spaniards died in skirmishes with them. The ships moved farther and farther from their homes, the distance to them was measured in many thousands of kilometers, and the travel time was no longer for months, but for years. To force people in such conditions to swim into the unknown, an iron will and a firm hand were required. South sea

Willingness to lead the way. And in March 1518, the Portuguese navigator and warrior Fernand Magellan appeared before the Spanish Council for Indian Affairs. He announced that he was ready to pave the western route to the Moluccas, the true home of spices. It is only important to get ahead of the Portuguese, who are approaching these islands from the west. And in March 1518, the Portuguese navigator and warrior Fernand Magellan appeared before the Spanish Council for Indian Affairs. He announced that he was ready to pave the western route to the Moluccas, the true home of spices. It is only important to get ahead of the Portuguese, who are approaching these islands from the west.

Concept. In 1513 Magellan appears in Lisbon. He has no money, he enters the military and fights in Africa, where a brave warrior is seriously wounded. Back in Lisbon, Magellan develops a project to sail to the Spice Islands by a western route and submits his plan to the Portuguese king Manuel. He did not approve of Magellan's plan: from the west, the Portuguese had already almost reached the Moluccas, and the path through the unknown South Sea, even if the strait through which Magellan was going to sail, really existed, was much more risky. Offended by years of unfair oppression and the refusal of the most important matter for him, Magellan moved to Spain, where, after long negotiations, his project was adopted. In 1513 Magellan appears in Lisbon. He has no money, he enters the military and fights in Africa, where a brave warrior is seriously wounded. Back in Lisbon, Magellan develops a project to sail to the Spice Islands by a western route and submits his plan to the Portuguese king Manuel. He did not approve of Magellan's plan: from the west, the Portuguese had already almost reached the Moluccas, and the path through the unknown South Sea, even if the strait through which Magellan was going to sail, really existed, was much more risky. Offended by years of unfair oppression and the refusal of the most important matter for him, Magellan moved to Spain, where, after long negotiations, his project was adopted. King Manuel F. Magellan

Compound. The flotilla consisted of five ships. 265 people went sailing: Spaniards, Portuguese, Italians, French, British, Germans ... different countries... The command staff also included people of different nationalities. So, among the captains of the ships, two were Portuguese, three were Spaniards. The flotilla consisted of five ships. 265 people went sailing: Spaniards, Portuguese, Italians, French, British, Germans ... Such a motley crew concealed a great threat: Magellan's opponents could easily inflate the smoldering mutual hostility of immigrants from different countries. The command staff also included people of different nationalities. So, among the captains of the ships, two were Portuguese, three were Spaniards.

Difficult time. On September 20, 1519, the flotilla sailed to the Canary Islands, further south to the Cape Verde Islands, and then to the southwest. On November 29, the ships reached Brazil. The crossing of the Atlantic proceeded without much incident, although storms pursued the flotilla. On September 20, 1519, the flotilla sailed to the Canary Islands, further south to the Cape Verde Islands, and then to the southwest. On November 29, the ships reached Brazil. The crossing of the Atlantic proceeded without much incident, although storms pursued the flotilla. Magellan's ships moved south along the coast. On January 10, 1520, they entered the mouth of the La Plata River. Magellan's expedition did not have any information about the further route. After examining the mouth and not finding the desired passage here, the flotilla continued on its way. The movement slowed down: it was dangerous to sail near the coast, in shallow water, and Magellan did not want to move away from it, fearing to miss the strait leading to the South Sea. Each bay had to be carefully examined. Meanwhile, winter with its violent storms was approaching the Southern Hemisphere, and it was urgent to find a reliable anchorage for wintering. On March 31, the flotilla stopped for several months in the bay, which Magellan called the harbor of St. Julian, and left it only on August 24. Magellan's ships moved south along the coast. On January 10, 1520, they entered the mouth of the La Plata River. Magellan's expedition did not have any information about the further route. After examining the mouth and not finding the desired passage here, the flotilla continued on its way. The movement slowed down: it was dangerous to sail near the coast, in shallow water, and Magellan did not want to move away from it, fearing to miss the strait leading to the South Sea. Each bay had to be carefully examined. Meanwhile, winter with its violent storms was approaching the Southern Hemisphere, and it was urgent to find a reliable anchorage for wintering. On March 31, the flotilla stopped for several months in the bay, which Magellan called the harbor of St. Julian, and left it only on August 24. St. Julian's harbor

The desired strait has been found! In the flotilla, there were no longer five, but four ships: "Santiago", sent to reconnoitre the further road, was wrecked. The ships moved slowly southward, surveying every notch in the coastline. October 21 "San Antonio" and "Concepcion" went ahead in search of the strait. Suddenly a storm arose. When the ships that had no shelter were already threatened with death, the sailors noticed a bend in the coast and rushed to take cover around the bend. It turned out to be the entrance to the strait, behind it is the bay. The water in the bays and straits remained salty, and the current was directed to the west. Therefore, it was not the mouth of the river. All doubts were dispelled: the desired strait has been found! In the flotilla, there were no longer five, but four ships: "Santiago", sent to reconnoitre the further road, was wrecked. The ships moved slowly southward, surveying every notch in the coastline. October 21 "San Antonio" and "Concepcion" went ahead in search of the strait. Suddenly a storm arose. When the ships that had no shelter were already threatened with death, the sailors noticed a bend in the coast and rushed to take cover around the bend. It turned out to be the entrance to the strait, behind it is the bay. The water in the bays and straits remained salty, and the current was directed to the west. Therefore, it was not the mouth of the river. All doubts were dispelled: the desired strait has been found! The path along the narrow strait was difficult, any negligence threatened to shipwreck. Suddenly the San Antonio disappeared. For a year and a half, the sailors of the flotilla considered him dead. It was only later revealed that the ship had deserted and returned to Spain. The path along the narrow strait was difficult, any negligence threatened to shipwreck. Suddenly the San Antonio disappeared. For a year and a half, the sailors of the flotilla considered him dead. It was only later revealed that the ship had deserted and returned to Spain. Strait of Magellan

From Pigafetta's diary. Coming out of the strait, the ships - there are only three of them left - “plunged into the vastness of the Pacific Sea,” as the sailor, Italian knight and historiographer of the expedition, Antonio Pigafetta, wrote in his travel notes. It was Magellan's sailors who were lucky enough to cross this ocean without ever getting caught in a storm. But swimming was not easy at all. “For three months and twenty days we were completely deprived of fresh food,” said Pigafetta. “We ate breadcrumbs, but those were no longer breadcrumbs, but dried crumbs mixed with worms ... We drank yellow water, which had been rotting for many days ... Rats were sold for half a ducat apiece, but it was impossible to get them for such a price.” Scurvy began, from which 19 people died. Coming out of the strait, the ships - there are only three of them left - “plunged into the vastness of the Pacific Sea,” as the sailor, Italian knight and historiographer of the expedition, Antonio Pigafetta, wrote in his travel notes. It was Magellan's sailors who were lucky enough to cross this ocean without ever getting caught in a storm. But swimming was not easy at all. “For three months and twenty days we were completely deprived of fresh food,” said Pigafetta. “We ate breadcrumbs, but those were no longer breadcrumbs, but dried crumbs mixed with worms ... We drank yellow water, which had been rotting for many days ... Rats were sold for half a ducat apiece, but it was impossible to get them for such a price.” Scurvy began, from which 19 people died. Magellan's ships crossed the planet's largest ocean. Magellan's ships crossed the planet's largest ocean. Antonio Pigafetta

Portuguese. The ships were preparing to return to Spain when it became known that the Portuguese were about to seize them and were about to appear in these waters. They had to hurry to sail. It was decided that the Victoria, under the command of the Basque Juan Sebastian Elcano, should sail to Spain by the Portuguese route, skirting Africa. "Trinidad" was supposed to return across the Pacific Ocean. The ships were preparing to return to Spain when it became known that the Portuguese were about to seize them and were about to appear in these waters. They had to hurry to sail. It was decided that the Victoria, under the command of the Basque Juan Sebastian Elcano, should sail to Spain by the Portuguese route, skirting Africa. "Trinidad" was supposed to return across the Pacific Ocean. Fate did not favor Trinidad. For six months he wandered in the waters of the Pacific Ocean and was forced to return to the Moluccas. Most of the crew died on the voyage, but the fate of the survivors was, perhaps, even worse. They were captured by the Portuguese and almost all died in prisons. Only three returned to Spain five years later. Fate did not favor Trinidad. For six months he wandered in the waters of the Pacific Ocean and was forced to return to the Moluccas. Most of the crew died on the voyage, but the fate of the survivors was, perhaps, even worse. They were captured by the Portuguese and almost all died in prisons. Only three returned to Spain five years later.

On the verge of a dream come true. The flotilla did not stay near the Mariana Islands, and soon the ships landed on the islands, much later called the Philippines. The cherished goal - the Moluccas - was already close, but then Magellan, who struck up a friendship with one of the local rulers, the Rajas, intervened in the internecine war. And on April 27, 1521, the great navigator, on the verge of realizing his life's dream, died in a ridiculous skirmish with the natives. The flotilla did not stay near the Mariana Islands, and soon the ships landed on the islands, much later called the Philippines. The cherished goal - the Moluccas - was already close, but then Magellan, who struck up a friendship with one of the local rulers, the Rajas, intervened in the internecine war. And on April 27, 1521, the great navigator, on the verge of realizing his life's dream, died in a ridiculous skirmish with the natives. The sailors had not yet had time to recover from the shock caused by the death of Magellan, when a new disaster struck. The local raja invited the officers of the flotilla to a feast, and then treacherously interrupted them. More than 20 people were killed - the most experienced and knowledgeable. The survivors found themselves in a difficult situation, but nevertheless, by the end of 1521, they reached the Moluccas, where they cheaply bought the coveted spices - cinnamon, cloves, nutmeg... The sailors had not yet had time to recover from the shock caused by the death of Magellan, when a new disaster struck. The local raja invited the officers of the flotilla to a feast, and then treacherously interrupted them. More than 20 people were killed - the most experienced and knowledgeable. The survivors found themselves in a difficult situation, but nevertheless, by the end of 1521, they reached the Moluccas, where they cheaply bought the coveted spices - cinnamon, cloves, nutmeg. Doom

Completion. The Victoria crossed the Indian Ocean and on May 20, 1522, weathered a violent storm off the Cape of Good Hope. Many sailors were mowed down by hunger and scurvy. It was impossible to approach the shores of Africa to replenish supplies: a meeting with the Portuguese would be fatal. Only the unbreakable will of the captain of the "Victoria" forced the crew, at the cost of the most severe torment, to complete the work started by Magellan. On September 8, 1522, after more than six months of continuous sailing, the ship dropped anchor in Seville, and the next day, as Pigafetta recalled, “we all in shirts and on bare feet, holding each candle in our hand, went on a pilgrimage ...”. It is easy to understand the feelings of these people: only by a miracle and the intercession of the Mother of God - the patroness of seafarers - could they explain that they had survived. The first ever trip around the world is over. It lasted almost three years. Out of five ships, only one managed to complete it, out of 265 crew members - only 18. Victoria crossed the Indian Ocean and on May 20, 1522 withstood a fierce storm at the Cape of Good Hope. Many sailors were mowed down by hunger and scurvy. It was impossible to approach the shores of Africa to replenish supplies: a meeting with the Portuguese would be fatal. Only the unbreakable will of the captain of the "Victoria" forced the crew, at the cost of the most severe torment, to complete the work started by Magellan. On September 8, 1522, after more than six months of continuous sailing, the ship dropped anchor in Seville, and the next day, as Pigafetta recalled, “we all in shirts and on bare feet, holding each candle in our hand, went on a pilgrimage ...”. It is easy to understand the feelings of these people: only by a miracle and the intercession of the Mother of God - the patroness of seafarers - could they explain that they had survived. The first ever trip around the world is over. It lasted almost three years. Of the five ships, only one managed to complete it, out of 265 crew members - only 18.

Epilogue. Juan Sebastian Elcano was declared the true hero of the voyage, pushing the deceased Magellan into the background. The king granted him a large annual pension, as well as a coat of arms that depicted the castle - the symbol of Castile - and under it - cinnamon, cloves and nutmeg. The coat of arms was crowned with a small globe with the motto: "You rounded me first." Magellan was charged with humiliating charges of violating petty royal instructions and of allegedly unjustified cruelty. The true role of this outstanding navigator became clear only later. Juan Sebastian Elcano was declared the true hero of the voyage, pushing the deceased Magellan into the background. The king granted him a large annual pension, as well as a coat of arms that depicted the castle - the symbol of Castile - and under it - cinnamon, cloves and nutmeg. The coat of arms was crowned with a small globe with the motto: "You rounded me first." Magellan was charged with humiliating charges of violating petty royal instructions and of allegedly unjustified cruelty. The true role of this outstanding navigator became clear only later. The importance of this voyage can hardly be overestimated. After 20 years of searching, the strait was finally discovered, later named after Magellan. It fell to Magellan to complete the work to which Christopher Columbus devoted his life - to pave the western path to the countries of the East. The trip around the world shocked the imagination of contemporaries, but its practical result was limited: the difficulties and dangers of sailing did not pay off by the benefits that it could bring. But its geographical significance was enormous. Magellan's voyage put an end to the controversy about the shape of our planet, in practice proving its sphericity. The establishment of the enormous size of the Pacific Ocean refuted the idea of a significant predominance of land over the sea, which was shared by Christopher Columbus. The importance of this voyage can hardly be overestimated. After 20 years of searching, the strait was finally discovered, later named after Magellan. It fell to Magellan to complete the work to which Christopher Columbus devoted his life - to pave the western path to the countries of the East. The trip around the world shocked the imagination of contemporaries, but its practical result was limited: the difficulties and dangers of sailing did not pay off by the benefits that it could bring. But its geographical significance was enormous. Magellan's voyage put an end to the controversy about the shape of our planet, in practice proving its sphericity. The establishment of the enormous size of the Pacific Ocean refuted the idea of a significant predominance of land over the sea, which was shared by Christopher Columbus.

The famous Portuguese navigator and discoverer Fernand Magellan left his mark on the history of mankind forever, becoming one of the most famous explorers. He embarked on a brave journey, the results of which replenished our collection of knowledge and told a lot of new things to Magellan's contemporaries. It is impossible to overestimate his merits, and one can be sure that the name of Fernand Magellan will never be forgotten.

Magellan is the first person to sail around the world.
Not only the famous strait is named after Magellan, but also two galaxies - the Large and Small Magellanic clouds, as well as a crater on the Moon.
It was Magellan who opened the Philippine Islands to the Europeans, where the republic of the same name is now located (see).
In the naval battle of Diu, which took place on February 3, 1509, Magellan's caravel broke through the formation of enemy ships, and Magellan boarded the enemy's flagship.
Once several ships of the flotilla, in which Magellan was sailing then, were wrecked, and sailors in boats reached an uninhabited island. It was decided that some of the sailors would go on boats to get help, and the rest would wait on the island from their return. Ordinary sailors were outraged that all the officers were leaving on boats, leaving only the sailors on the shore, fearing that no one would return for them. A riot almost broke out, but Magellan calmed the crew, remaining on the island with the sailors. Soon they were all saved.
Once Magellan lent a substantial amount of money to a merchant, which he did not want to return. The debt was returned to Magellan only six years after the trial.
Before his famous trip, Magellan fought a lot - in Malaysia, and in India, and in Africa. Subsequently, leaving military service, he decided to devote his life to the exploration of the world.
Magellan traveled around the world under the Spanish flag, as the king of Portugal did not want to finance his expedition. But the Spanish crown deservedly appreciated the famous navigator.
A squadron of five ships set off on a round-the-world voyage, taking food with them for two years, and Magellan hid the sailing route from sailors and other captains, which repeatedly caused discontent.
Magellan for many years remained the only captain who led the flotilla through the strait, which received his name, without losing a single ship.
The Pacific Ocean got its name precisely thanks to Magellan, who crossed it, having covered 17 thousand kilometers and not having met a single storm. As practice has shown, this name turned out to be reckless - the Pacific Ocean is famous for its violent character. Magellan was just lucky on his voyage.
Magellan was not going to make a voyage around the world - he was looking for a passage to the Moluccas.
Magellan himself never sailed around the world, dying in the Philippines. During the voyage, most of the expedition died - out of five ships, on board which there were 250-300 people, only one ship with 18 people on board returned to Spain. Thus, Magellan's expedition became the first circumnavigation of the world.
The Tierra del Fuego archipelago also got its name thanks to Magellan, who mistook the fires of Indian bonfires for volcanoes. In fact, there is not a single volcano on the archipelago (see.

Presentation on the topic: Fernand Magellan's trip around the world

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Presentation on the topic: Fernand Magellan's trip around the world

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prologue In 1513, Nunier de Balboa discovered the South Sea (Pacific Ocean), but no one could tell how far it stretched. It was assumed that the coveted Asia stretched behind him. But in order to sail to Asia through the South Sea, ships had to first get into this very sea. And how can this be done if not a single strait has been found over the entire length of the recently discovered continent for 20 years? In the course of the search, it turned out that America is blocking Asia from the Europeans. The wealth of the New World was still hidden from the Europeans, and it was perceived as a hindrance to be bypassed. Searches in the south seemed more promising, but even here tremendous difficulties awaited the travelers. The further south of the equator, the more rugged the coastline became, and the more difficult it was to replenish food supplies. The Indians in these parts showed hostility, and quite a few Spaniards died in skirmishes with them. The ships moved farther and farther from their homes, the distance to them was measured in many thousands of kilometers, and the travel time was no longer for months, but for years. To force people in such conditions to swim into the unknown, an iron will and a firm hand were required. In 1513, Nunier de Balboa discovered the South Sea (Pacific Ocean), but no one could tell how far it stretched. It was assumed that the coveted Asia stretched behind him. But in order to sail to Asia through the South Sea, ships had to first get into this very sea. And how can this be done if not a single strait has been found over the entire length of the recently discovered continent for 20 years? In the course of the search, it turned out that America is blocking Asia from the Europeans. The wealth of the New World was still hidden from the Europeans, and it was perceived as a hindrance to be bypassed. Searches in the south seemed more promising, but even here tremendous difficulties awaited the travelers. The further south of the equator, the more rugged the coastline became, and the more difficult it was to replenish food supplies. The Indians in these parts showed hostility, and quite a few Spaniards died in skirmishes with them. The ships moved farther and farther from their homes, the distance to them was measured in many thousands of kilometers, and the travel time was no longer for months, but for years. To force people in such conditions to swim into the unknown, an iron will and a firm hand were required.

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willingness to lead the way. And in March 1518, the Portuguese navigator and warrior Fernand Magellan appeared before the Spanish Council for Indian Affairs. He announced that he was ready to pave the western route to the Moluccas, the true home of spices. It is only important to get ahead of the Portuguese, who are approaching these islands from the west. And in March 1518, the Portuguese navigator and warrior Fernand Magellan appeared before the Spanish Council for Indian Affairs. He announced that he was ready to pave the western route to the Moluccas, the true home of spices. It is only important to get ahead of the Portuguese, who are approaching these islands from the west.

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conception In 1513 Magellan appears in Lisbon. He has no money, he enters the military and fights in Africa, where a brave warrior is seriously wounded. Back in Lisbon, Magellan develops a project to sail to the Spice Islands by a western route and submits his plan to the Portuguese king Manuel. He did not approve of Magellan's plan: from the west, the Portuguese had almost reached the Moluccas, and the path through the unknown South Sea, even if the strait through which Magellan was going to sail, really existed, was much more risky. Offended by years of unfair oppression and the refusal of the most important matter for him, Magellan moved to Spain, where, after long negotiations, his project was adopted. In 1513 Magellan appears in Lisbon. He has no money, he enters the military and fights in Africa, where a brave warrior is seriously wounded. Back in Lisbon, Magellan develops a project to sail to the Spice Islands by a western route and submits his plan to the Portuguese king Manuel. He did not approve of Magellan's plan: from the west, the Portuguese had almost reached the Moluccas, and the path through the unknown South Sea, even if the strait through which Magellan was going to sail, really existed, was much more risky. Offended by years of unfair oppression and the refusal of the most important matter for him, Magellan moved to Spain, where, after long negotiations, his project was adopted.

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composition. The flotilla consisted of five ships. 265 people went sailing: Spaniards, Portuguese, Italians, French, British, Germans ... Such a motley crew concealed a great threat: Magellan's opponents could easily inflate the smoldering mutual hostility of immigrants from different countries. The command staff also included people of different nationalities. So, among the captains of the ships, two were Portuguese, three were Spaniards. The flotilla consisted of five ships. 265 people went sailing: Spaniards, Portuguese, Italians, French, British, Germans ... Such a motley crew concealed a great threat: Magellan's opponents could easily inflate the smoldering mutual hostility of immigrants from different countries. The command staff also included people of different nationalities. So, among the captains of the ships, two were Portuguese, three were Spaniards.

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difficult time. On September 20, 1519, the flotilla sailed to the Canary Islands, further south to the Cape Verde Islands, and then to the southwest. On November 29, the ships reached Brazil. The crossing of the Atlantic proceeded without much incident, although storms pursued the flotilla. On September 20, 1519, the flotilla sailed to the Canary Islands, further south to the Cape Verde Islands, and then to the southwest. On November 29, the ships reached Brazil. The crossing of the Atlantic proceeded without much incident, although storms pursued the flotilla. Magellan's ships moved south along the coast. On January 10, 1520, they entered the mouth of the La Plata River. Magellan's expedition did not have any information about the further route. After examining the mouth and not finding the desired passage here, the flotilla continued on its way. The movement slowed down: it was dangerous to sail near the coast, in shallow water, and Magellan did not want to move away from it, fearing to miss the strait leading to the South Sea. Each bay had to be carefully examined. Meanwhile, winter with its violent storms was approaching the Southern Hemisphere, and it was urgent to find a reliable anchorage for wintering. On March 31, the flotilla stopped for several months in the bay, which Magellan called the harbor of St. Julian, and left it only on August 24.

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The desired strait has been found! In the flotilla, there were no longer five, but four ships: "Santiago", sent to reconnoitre the further road, was wrecked. The ships moved slowly southward, surveying every notch in the coastline. October 21 "San Antonio" and "Concepcion" went ahead in search of the strait. Suddenly a storm arose. When the ships that had no shelter were already threatened with death, the sailors noticed a bend in the coast and rushed to take cover around the bend. It turned out to be the entrance to the strait, behind it is the bay. The water in the bays and straits remained salty, and the current was directed to the west. Therefore, it was not the mouth of the river. All doubts were dispelled: the desired strait was found! In the flotilla, there were no longer five, but four ships: "Santiago", sent to reconnoitre the further road, was wrecked. The ships moved slowly southward, surveying every notch in the coastline. October 21 "San Antonio" and "Concepcion" went ahead in search of the strait. Suddenly a storm arose. When the ships that had no shelter were already threatened with death, the sailors noticed a bend in the coast and rushed to take cover around the bend. It turned out to be the entrance to the strait, behind it is the bay. The water in the bays and straits remained salty, and the current was directed to the west. Therefore, it was not the mouth of the river. All doubts were dispelled: the desired strait was found! The path along the narrow strait was difficult, any negligence threatened to shipwreck. Suddenly the San Antonio disappeared. For a year and a half, the sailors of the flotilla considered him dead. It was only later revealed that the ship had deserted and returned to Spain.

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on the verge of a dream come true. The flotilla did not stay near the Mariana Islands, and soon the ships landed on the islands, much later called the Philippines. The cherished goal - the Moluccas - was already close, but then Magellan, who struck up a friendship with one of the local rulers, the Rajas, intervened in the internecine war. And on April 27, 1521, the great navigator, on the verge of realizing his life's dream, died in a ridiculous skirmish with the natives. The flotilla did not stay near the Mariana Islands, and soon the ships landed on the islands, much later called the Philippines. The cherished goal - the Moluccas - was already close, but then Magellan, who struck up a friendship with one of the local rulers, the Rajas, intervened in the internecine war. And on April 27, 1521, the great navigator, on the verge of realizing his life's dream, died in a ridiculous skirmish with the natives. The sailors had not yet had time to recover from the shock caused by the death of Magellan, when a new disaster struck. The local raja invited the officers of the flotilla to a feast, and then treacherously interrupted them. More than 20 people were killed - the most experienced and knowledgeable. The survivors found themselves in a difficult situation, but nevertheless, by the end of 1521, they reached the Moluccas, where they cheaply bought the coveted spices - cinnamon, cloves, nutmeg.

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next completion. The Victoria crossed the Indian Ocean and on May 20, 1522, weathered a violent storm off the Cape of Good Hope. Many sailors were mowed down by hunger and scurvy. It was impossible to approach the shores of Africa to replenish supplies: a meeting with the Portuguese would be fatal. Only the unbreakable will of the captain of the "Victoria" forced the crew, at the cost of the most severe torment, to complete the work started by Magellan. On September 8, 1522, after more than six months of continuous sailing, the ship dropped anchor in Seville, and the next day, as Pigafetta recalled, “we all in shirts and on bare feet, holding each candle in our hand, went on a pilgrimage ...”. It is easy to understand the feelings of these people: only by a miracle and the intercession of the Mother of God - the patroness of seafarers - could they explain that they had survived. The first ever trip around the world is over. It lasted almost three years. Out of five ships, only one managed to complete it, out of 265 crew members - only 18. "Victoria" crossed the Indian Ocean and on May 20, 1522 withstood a fierce storm at the Cape of Good Hope. Many sailors were mowed down by hunger and scurvy. It was impossible to approach the shores of Africa to replenish supplies: a meeting with the Portuguese would be fatal. Only the unbreakable will of the captain of the "Victoria" forced the crew, at the cost of the most severe torment, to complete the work started by Magellan. On September 8, 1522, after more than six months of continuous sailing, the ship dropped anchor in Seville, and the next day, as Pigafetta recalled, “we all in shirts and on bare feet, holding each candle in our hand, went on a pilgrimage ...”. It is easy to understand the feelings of these people: only by a miracle and the intercession of the Mother of God - the patroness of seafarers - could they explain that they had survived. The first ever trip around the world is over. It lasted almost three years. Of the five ships, only one managed to complete it, out of 265 crew members - only 18.

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The journey of the Spanish navigator influenced the course of history. The piggy bank of discoveries was replenished annually. Humanity is on the verge of a cosmographic revolution. Let's get acquainted with the personality of the captain and consider the achievements of the round-the-world expedition.

Magellan Fernand: a short biography

Fernand Magalhães (birth name) was born into the family of a petty Portuguese nobleman in 1480. Since childhood, he was attracted by the expanses of water. Upon reaching the age of 12, he becomes a court page in Lisbon. He regularly serves and in 1505 he went to the conquest of the eastern lands. In India, he gets his first wound. In combat, he develops courage and courage, gains authority.

According to historical data, by 1510 Magellan became a captain. It is known that he participated in the council of war under the Viceroy of Albuquerque. Another struggle for a strategically important object - the land of Malacca, with the participation of Ferdinand, ends in victory. Before the conquest of the seven seas, Fernand Magellan in 1512. receives a retirement salary, but continues to serve in the navy in East Africa.

In 1514 in Morocco, he was seriously wounded in the leg. Moreover, Fernand is accused of aiding enemies. Outraged by what was happening, he went home to seek protection from Manuel I. At the same time, the ruler received many denunciations of the navigator. The angry king chased away the captain, who left the duty station without permission.

The circumnavigation of the expedition, the plan of which was hatched by F. Magellan, could be thwarted by these events. Although, the exact cause of the conflict is unknown. It can be unambiguously argued that the captain asked permission to serve another sovereign and received approval. There is a version that Fernand renounced his citizenship in Portugal and proclaimed himself Hernando Magellan.

Who made the first trip around the world

Further information is lost until 10/20/1517, when Hernando settles in the Spanish city of Seville. He expounds the idea of circumnavigation in the "Chamber of Contracts", but the council refuses to support. Only one of the leaders agrees to help the expedition, for a fee. The parties entered into an agreement and the project was submitted for consideration. Subsequently, it was successfully approved by King Charles I of Spain.

It is interesting that Fernand Magellan's first round the world trip was supported by an ardent opponent of the ideas of Columbus and Cortez - the president of the Committee on Indian Affairs.

Several factors influenced the monarch's positive decision:

The plan was to search for a strait that would connect the oceans;
I was impressed by the idea of sailing to the west and sailing to the east;
assistance of Roy Faleiro, an authoritative astronomer in Europe.

To achieve the set goals, a solid budget was allocated from the treasury. Hernando was previously promoted to the rank of admiral and awarded the Order of St. James. The initiator was entitled to an impressive salary, 20% of the entire profit of the campaign. The children were assigned leadership positions in the new territories.

The date of the circumnavigation of the expedition of F. Magellan was set for August 10, 1519. Here the question of primacy arose: under whose flag the ships will sail? Manuel I learned about the upcoming campaign and tried in every possible way to return the captain.

Initially, the king acted peacefully. He began to persuade, promising forgiveness, offering double the price. Attempts to negotiate have failed. The Portuguese consul organized a series of provocations in Selvia, which were supposed to prevent the squadron from going to sea. But, at the appointed time, 265 - 280 people, on 5 ships under common name The Armanda de Malucca moved in a given direction.

The beginning of the way

Fernando Magellan's first trip around the world begins with a riot. The Spaniards hated to obey the Portuguese. Apart from the ethnic issue, they did not like the arrogance with which the head of the expedition treats his subordinates. The main thing is that he completely refused to indicate the route. The admiral forcibly pacifies the rebellion and the team goes to the shores of Brazil.

All corners of the adjacent sea areas were explored in search of the strait. Here he was supposed to be, according to the mysterious maps of Fernand Magellan - the commander-in-chief of the round-the-world trip. Once it seemed to the pioneers that the desired place had been found. Upon detailed study, it turned out to be the mouth of the Parana River.

It was decided to send the squadron south. The advance was slow, storms dominated. The weather was getting worse. The end of March has come. Fernand announced the need to spend the winter at the point reached - 49 0 15 ′ south latitude. The bay was named San Julian (Saint Helena).

New acquaintances and old grudges

The area seemed completely unsuitable for human life. Europeans were amazed that the frosts were getting worse as summer approached. In eyewitness memories of Fernand Magellan's trip around the world, two living creatures from the bay were described: penguins and seals. But the situation soon changed.

A local resident came out to the sailors. The Spaniards noted the high growth of the Indian. By the legs big size the country was named Patagonia (Spanish patagon - big-footed). The friendship that had developed with new people played a cruel joke with the natives. Several people were taken on the expedition. None of the Indians reached Europe.

San Julian became famous for other tragic events. The captains of the three ships realized that there was no Magellan's path on the map. The squadron goes at random. A mutiny arose, which was brutally suppressed. One of the organizers was executed, the other two were left on the shore.

The goal is achieved

On October 21, 1520, the flotilla reached the pass. On the way, the ship "Santiago" crashed, but people were saved. The length of the strait is about 600 km. The most difficult tests awaited the sailors here. They did not meet with the locals. Sometimes, in the distance on the south side, fires were noticed. This gave rise to the name of the territory "Tierra del Fuego".

Magellan's path on the map

The squadron traveled for a month where the Strait of Magellan is located on the map - between Tierra del Fuego and South America. The uprising broke out again. The San Antonio ship was sent out for reconnaissance, but never returned. The best equipped ship decided to return to Spain. It is noteworthy that most of the expedition's supplies were stored in its holds. The captain betrayed the admiral the day the ocean appeared on the horizon.

The team wandered without food for 3 months and 20 days. Many were overcome by scurvy, people began to die. Magellan called the huge ocean Pacific. Throughout the entire voyage there were no storms, storms. Pigafetta, the chronicler of the team, noted the weariness and agony of the silence.

It is striking that the flotilla passed by the large archipelagos of Polynesia. Tahiti and the Marquesses went unnoticed. On March 6, 1521, the expedition stopped at the small Mariana Islands. The sailors were robbed to the skin by the aborigines, but they did not remain in debt. They paid back in the same way and continued their journey, calling the islands Thieves.

The mystery of the death of the discoverer

In the circumnavigation of the expedition of F. Magellan, he dies on April 27, 1521. After crossing the ocean for another week, the team stumbles upon the Philippine Islands. Relationships are struck, for which the journey was started. Bidding with local residents begins. Prince Humabon willingly enters into deals with Europeans. But not all residents are happy with guests.

The leader of the islet Mactan Lapu-Lapu declares war on the admiral. Surprisingly, Fernand - an experienced military man - takes untrained people to battle: cabin boy, stewards, cooks. As a result of the scuffle, he is beaten to death with spears. From the point of view of contemporaries and historians, it was suicide.

An explanation for this behavior was proposed in the 70s of the last century. If you follow the journey of Magellan, the map shows that the discovered territories go beyond the borders of Spanish possessions. The discoverer reluctantly deceived Charles I and preferred death to explanations before the king. Do you think this was the reason for the sailor to die? Write in the comments.

Some members of the expedition were killed in new lands, some died at sea. 18 people returned home. The ships were packed to capacity with spices, the expenses for the expedition were covered in full.

Discoverer's legacy

What did Fernand Magellan discover? The contribution to science consists of several points:

Discovery of the Pacific Ocean;
proof that the Earth is a ball;
proved the assumption that the planet rotates on its axis (regardless of Galileo).

Named after the discoverer:

Strait of Magellan - Fernando called it the Strait of All Saints;
kind of penguin;
lunar crater;
seamount in the Marshall Islands;
spaceship (1990);
Galaxies Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.

In 1985. a cruise liner is named after the sailor. It is operational and where the ship "Magellan" is now located can be tracked using special services.

The mutinies on the ships of Magellan have caused significant damage to history. The rebels covered their tracks. After the skirmish in the Philippines, there were few survivors to manage the three ships. They decided to burn one. All the incriminating documentation was preliminary taken there. But the significance of the round-the-world expedition is visible even without these documents.

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