All European dynasties. The oldest ruling European venasses version
English royal dynasties, angels, arpada, Asena, Askania, Bernadoty, Bonaparte, Brabanti, Vase, Waldeks, Velfa, Wettime, Vittelsbahi, Württemberg, Gabsburg, Gediminovichi, Gogenzollers, Grimaldi, Cappeting (Valua, Bourbon), Carolings, Mobylins, Commines , Lippe, Liechtenstein, Luxembourgs, Mecklenburgs, Meroving, Nassau, Nursa, Obrenovichi, Oldenburg, Paleologists, Protasievich, Przemyslovichi, Piseli, Radswichi, Romanov, Ryssky House, Rurikovichi (more than 220 surnames), Savoy House, Tseringen, Chingizids, Schwarzburgh, Jagiellons and many many others.
For convenience, we will specifically divide them (by origin and board) on the dominated homes, dynasties and kinds:
- Asian
- Balkan
- Hungarian
- Italian
- Caucasian
- Pyrenean
- Scandinavian
- Czech
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We ask for forgiveness from those who hope to get the most comprehensive information on the site. There are only brief information about major European homes, dynasties, birth and families.
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So what is DYNASTY (Greek. Dynast - the power of the property). By this name, the Greeks were called small Eastern rules, prince, not strong enough to title the kings. In Greece itself, the dynasties were called those who forcibly captured power in their hands, for example. 30 tyranans of Athenian. From tyranny the dynasty was distinguished only by the fact that the ruling persons were somewhat, and not one. In the Middle Ages, especially in the XI century, to destroy the former division into counties, dynasties were called faces from previously managed counties of the names that have achieved independence personal and for their possessions. Dynasty The Liberi Barones, Viri Egregiae Libertatis. They occupied the middle place between the dominated princes and graphs, on the one hand, and the lower nobility - on the other. When with the XV century. And the lower nobles began to receive the title "HERR", "FREIHERR", the dynasty accepted the county title and the difference between them and the graphs were destroyed.
We give here several definitions.
Family, Rod - A group of blood relatives (men and women) leading their origin from the overall ancestor (real or mythical), aware of their blood unity.
Welcome house - 1) Rod, having in his possessions unlimited sovereignty in domestic and foreign policy; 2) Rod, which occupies the throne of the sovereign state.
Dynasty - A number of reigning, generally ruling persons from one house, from one source.
House - Part of the family (kind), which has the right to inherit the throne. In childbirth, where women do not have the rights of inheritance, nevertheless, spouses and daughters of members of the house are counted for members of the house. If only men posses in the house in the house, then several dynasties can be combined in the house - for example, the royal dynasty of Denmark, Greece, Norway belong to one Oldenburg Home. If women and women have the right of inheritance, then lines of different houses can belong to one house (for example, Saxen-Coburg-Gothskaya line in the house of Braganca or the Larring line in the House of Habsburg).
This term also has other meanings, see Elizabeth II (values). Elizabeth II ELIZABETH II ... Wikipedia
Rothschilda - (Rothschilds) Rothschilds is the most famous dynasty of European bankers, financial magnates and philanthropes of the Rothschild dynasty, representatives of the Rothschild dynasty, the history of the dynasty, Meyer Rothschild and his sons, Rothschilds and conspiracy theory, ... ... Encyclopedia Investor
Platon Mononimi (Dr. Greek ... Wikipedia
The style of this article is non-Encyclopedic or violates the rules of the Russian language. The article should be fixed according to the stylistic rules of Wikipedia ... Wikipedia
- گورکانیان ← ... Wikipedia
Bible. Old and new covenants. Synodal translation. Biblical encyclopedia ARH. Nikifora.
church - Ts'erkov (Mat.18: 17; Acts 12: 5; Rome.16: 4, 5; 1k.7: 17; 1 Cor.14: 34; 1 Cor.16: 19) The word is currently understood : a) world-wide religious organization or separately each of more than 200 different modern ... ... Full and detailed biblical dictionary to the Russian Canon Bible
Institute of the Roman Catholic Church for the search and punishment of heretics and other enemies of the Catholic Church. Although this organization was created at the beginning of the 13th century. To combat Albigo Yarea in France, but its origins should be seen in more ... ... Encyclopedia Color
Rubruk (Franz. Rubrouck, Flam. Roebroeck, Lat. Rubruquis) Villa (Gilome) de (approx. 1215 - OK. 1295), Knight of the French king Louis IX Saint (see Louis IX Saint), Member of Crusades, and then Monk Franciscan (see Franciscans) ... encyclopedic Dictionary
Reformation of 95 theses of the formula of consent Counsefection ... Wikipedia
Books
- Duke Malboro. Man, commander, politician, Ivonina Lyudmila Ivanovna. The hero of this book is the famous English commander and politician Duke John Malboro. He was hardly the most famous person in Europe of the beginning of the century of enlightenment, and his opinion is hardly ...
- Duke Malboro man commander politician, Ivonin L .. The hero of this book is a famous English commander and politician Duke John Malboro. He was hardly the most famous person in Europe of the beginning of the century of enlightenment, and his opinion is hardly ...
The kings at all times lived in luxury and wealth, surrounded by the army of servants and courtiers. You can not imagine the king without a majestic palace, the walls of which are painted with gold, decorated with unique paintings, and the rooms are furnished with expensive furniture. Modern royal dynasties are no longer building palaces and castles, they inherited their residences from the Great in the past ancestors.
Buckingham Palace. Stephen b Whatley. 1999.
Of course, every palace unique and has its own unique story. We decided to find out who owns the largest and rich palace, therefore, the rating of the royal residences of Europe, which now live representatives of the current monarch dynasties. In all of your attention, we offer seven palaces.
Royal Palace in Oslo - Norway
The Royal Palace in Oslo is located on the hill, Bellevue, which allows him to stand out against the background of the surrounding landscape.
Initially, the palace was conceived as a summer residence swedish king Karl XIV Yuhana. Construction was started in 1825, Karl itself laid the first stone into the foundation of the future residence. However, when after 24 years the construction was completed, the king was already dead and could not see him. The Danish Prince Charles became the first monarch, which was proclaimed by the King of Independent Norway by Cokon VII in 1905.
The palace is built in classicism style peculiar to the first half of the XIX century. The project of the Palace belongs to the Danish architect Hans Ditlev Franciscus Linstow (Hans Ditlev Franciscus Linstow). The building looks strictly strictly, but exquisitely. The interior is decorated with various works of art. In the decoration, beige-golden tones prevail, while there is no pathos and extra pomp. With the outside the palace is surrounded by a beautiful park.
The park specifically arranged a cozy recreation area and small lakes. Locals come here to rest with children.
Currently, on the first floor of the Palace there is a hall of the State Council and the parish church. Harold V takes the leaders of other countries in his residence and conducts important state events. The entrance to the palace is closed, tourists and residents of the city are allowed only to the Royal Park, as well as on the palace square.
The Norwegian Royal Palace is noticeably inferior to other residences of European monarchs both in the wealth of finishes and in size (that is why he ranks recently in our ranking). Its dimensions are quite modest: the length of the main facade is 100 meters, the width is 24 meters. The building has 173 rooms, and the entire palace complex together with the park occupies a little more than 17.5 hectares.
Royal Palace in Brussels and Lacken Palace - Belgium
Sixth place we gave the palaces of the Belgian king Albert II.
The official royal residence is the palace in Brussels. This monumental building is located in a respectable area on Kudenberg Hill, which was called "Royal Quarter".
The palace can not be called luxurious, however, he causes the Belgians a sense of pride and emphasizes the greatness of the royal family. Belgians are a restrained nation, it is probably why the royal residence is emphasized by severe forms.
The Royal Palace in Brussels is a monumental building, the facade of which is made in gray-brown tones.
Once on the site of the modern Royal Castle stood a fortified Cudenberg Castle, which belonged to the duke of Brabant. In 1731, the building burned down and was restored only by 1775. In that fire, a lot of valuable relics died.
From 1830 after the Belgian revolution, the King Leopold Saxen-Koburg was settled in the palace, and since then he became a royal residence.
Despite the fact that the Royal Palace is the official residence of the Belgian monarch, he and his family are mostly living in the Lacken Palace, using the residence for receiving high-ranking specials and conduct important state events.
The Palace of Lacken was built in 1785 in the north of the capital in the area of \u200b\u200bLacken for Albert Saxen-Tehshin State Statter of the Austrian Netherlands on the project of Architect Charles de Waiy. Furniture for this palace was made by the famous chapels Jean-Joseph Chapes. The building has changed the owners several times, while in 1830 after the revolution, the state did not give Lacken to the King Leopold I. Already at Leopold II, at the end of the 19th century, the castle was noticeably expanded and rebuilt.
Despite the fact that the palace does not boast a luxurious interior and rich external speciesLacken is famous for the whole world of his greenhouse, which is still coming annually to admire the exotic plants of millions of tourists.
A collection of unique plants growing in a greenhouse has an incredible value: some copies have been preserved since Leopold II, others are very rare and are no longer found anywhere else. In addition, the garden is located in the garden, a golf course, as well as unique pavilions that are not peculiar to Belgian architecture: the Japanese Tower and the Chinese Pavilion. Park complex along with a greenhouse takes more than 25 square meters. km.
Opposite the park is the Church of Our Lady in Lacken, built in a neo-neothic style. In church crypt, there is a family burial of the Belgian Royal Family.
Palace Amalienborg - Denmark
One of the famous sights of Copenhagen is the Royal Residence - AMALIENTORG Palace. It is he who ranks fifth in our ranking.
The palace was built in the eighteenth century. However, initially in his place was the Palace of Sofia Amalienborg, which completely burned in 1689. As a result, from 1750 to 1754. In his place was erected new. The main architect and the project manager became Niels EIGTVED. The Royal Residence Amalienborg became in 1794, when the previous residence burned down - Castle Kristiansborg. The king of Christian VII, the ruling in those years acquired 4 buildings at once, which now make up the main complex of the Amalienborg Palace.
The Architectural Complex Amalienborg consists of four identical buildings performed in the style of Rococo and form the correct octagon along with the filties. This: the Palace of Moltke, later he was called the Palace of Christian VII, the Palace of Christian Frederic Levetsau, renamed later to the Palace of Christian VIII, Palace Frederick VIII and the Palace of Christian IX.
Since all the buildings are built in the Rococo style, it is not surprising that the facade and the inner halls are decorated with stucco, the figures of the amurists, intricate carved patterns, etc. Such an interior cannot be boring and dull, he emphasizes the wealth and greatness of the Royal Dynasty of the Habsburgs.
One of the most luxurious apartments in the Danish Royal Residence is a knight or a large hall in the Palace of Christian VII. It is perhaps the most extravagant interior made in the best traditions of Rococo.
A few years ago, the Royal Family conducted a large-scale reconstruction of the Frederica VIII Palace, which was spent 130 million Danish kroons (approximately $ 22 million). To see the updated rooms, the wide public was able to see in 2010. For five years, which lasted repairs, a lot has been done: they carried out the reconstruction of the ceiling with frescoes, completely replaced the wallpaper and wooden decor elements on the walls, refreshed marble stairs and mosaic on the floors. The walls appeared on the walls, written by modern artists specifically for the Royal Palace, in which the Crown Prince of Denmark Frederick is currently living with his wife Princess Mary and Children.
It should be said that of all four palaces only one is completely closed to visit - this is the Palace of Christian IX, in which the acting Queen of Denmark Margrete II and Prince Henrik lives. The rest of the visitors' buildings at a certain time are allowed.
Amalienborg and in the luxury of the inner decoration and in the area is slightly inferior to the residence of the English royal family. The complex takes a relatively small area: the length of the amalienborg from north to south is 203 meters, and from the east to the west of 195 meters, but most of this territory covers the area, the palaces themselves are not very large compared to previously discussed.
Royal Palace in Amsterdam - Netherlands
At the fourth position we have placed the Royal Palace in Amsterdam - the residence of the Queen of Holland Beatrix Wilhelmina Arghard.
This is an amazing sample of neoclassical architecture. The palace was originally built in the XVII century as an urban town hall, which was the embodiment of the magnifications and importance of the Netherlands. The Royal Town Hall Palace became in 1808, after the coronation of Louis Bonaparte, his native brother Napoleon.
The walls of the palace still decorate the tight of world-famous artists, such as Jan Lievns, Giatert Flink, Ferdinand B., Jacob Yorders, Rembrandt. There is a collected incredibly many expensive antique furniture. It is here that currently the largest in the world and well-preserved collection of amp-style furniture, as well as items of decorative and applied art (more than 2,000 exhibits). Most of the collection was collected during the rule of Louis Bonaparte.
In the interior decoration of the palace prevails marble and gilding. The facade decorates a huge statue of atlas, which holds the globe on the shoulders.
It is noteworthy that at one time Amsterdam Town Hall, together with many other architectural masterpieces, claimed the honorary title of the eighth miracle of the world.
The royal palace adorns an impressive dome, on the top of which a vane is installed in the form of a medieval cogging vessel. It is Cogg that is a symbol of Amsterdam. Under the dome there are windows, of which previously watched the sail and the arrival of ships in the harbor.
As for the sizes of the palace itself, the length of the facade is 80 meters, which is not very much, therefore, despite the luxurious finish, this palace in the top three did not enter.
The central hall of the Amsterdam Royal Palace has impressive dimensions: 18.3 meters wide and 36.6 meters long, the height of the ceilings is 27.4 meters. On the marble floor you can see two maps of the world (Western and eastern hemisphere) and the heavenly sphere. The map is quite detailed areas of the colonial influence of the Dutch Empire. Maps are dated to the middle of the XVIII century. It is in this room that the most important ceremonies and techniques are held, for example, the presentation of state awards and the royal reception in honor of the New Year.
Eastern Royal Palace and Palace Sarsuel - Spain
In the third place, perhaps, you can put the Palaces of the Spanish Royal House. Currently, King Juan Carlos I lives at the Sarsuel Palace, but the official residence is the East Palace in Madrid, used exclusively for celebrations.
The East Palace was built in the XVIII century. In the Middle Ages, there was a Moorish fortress in his place, and later Alcazar Habsburg, destroyed in the fire in 1734. After that, Philip V, the first representative of the Bourbon dynasty, who climbed into the Spanish throne, wanted to build a luxury palace in Madrid.
Over the project worked two Italian architects: Filippo Yuvaru (Filippo Juvara) and Giovanni Battista Sacchetti (Giovanni Battista Sacchetti), which created a luxurious building in the style of Italian baroque. For the construction of the palace, granite produced in the Guadarram mountains was used.
The inner decoration of the Royal Palace in Madrid is considered one of the most beautiful in Europe. Walls are decorated with magnificent frescoes of the famous Italian and Spanish artists: Diego Velasquez, Korrado Jakinto, Luke Jordano, Francisco Bayeu, Giovanni Battista Tapoljo, Caravaggio, Francisco Goya, Vicente Lopez and Mariano Salvador Male.
Among the apartments most beautiful is the throne room. Under the ceiling painted venetian master Thion, crystal chandeliers sparkle. Walls abathed in red Damascus. On the perimeter of the hall there are statues that depict all the main human virtues. The palace occupies a territory of about 19.5 hectares.
Currently, it is open to visits and anyone who wishes for a small price can see this magnificence.
As for the Palace of Sarsuel, in which the royal family lives, he is beyond the city north of Madrid. Initially, it was built as a hunting house and a country residence. And only in 1962 the royal family settled in it. Of course, in the magnificence and luxury, he is inferior to the East Palace. It reigns warmer, cozy homely atmosphere. The palace is closed for visitors not to violate the measured life of Spanish monarchs.
Built building in the restrained style of early baroque architects Gomez de Mora (GoMez de Mora) and Carbonello (Carbonello). During the Civil War, the building suffered greatly and was restored only by 1960. Later, two more buildings were attached to him. Currently, the Sarsela Palace Complex includes the main palace and two additional houses on the sides, in one of which members of the royal family now. The rooms are decorated with tapestries, paintings and other works of art, which emphasize the status and greatness of their owners.
Despite the fact that this residence is not very big, there is your garden, sports fields, chapel, helicopter platform, as well as round-the-clock security - monarchs guard the Guards Regiment.
Royal Palace in Stockholm - Sweden
In second place is the official residence of the Swedish king Gustav XVI - the Royal Palace in Stockholm. This impressive building in which there are 600 rooms, including solemn rooms and royal apartments. Length of the facade of 120 meters.
Palace is located in the center of Stockholm on the parade embankment of Stadholmen Island. It is built on the foundation of the medieval castle of Tre Kronor (three crowns), destroyed in 1697 by fire. The remains of that castle can be seen and now at the Palace-Museum "Three Crowns". The construction of a new royal palace was conducted for 57 years and ended by 1754. At that time, he became the largest construction project in Europe. The halls of the palace are made in a wide variety of architectural styles: Rococo, Baroque and neoclassicism. The best artists of that time were invited to design.
Each of the four facades of the Royal Palace is symbolic. The main - East and Western, respectively, the "Queen Facade" and "Facade of the King", lead to the Royal Apartments and symbolize the power of the monarchy. I would like to note that from the west side, two curved galleries form Kurdoner (a small area), where the daily solemn ceremony of changing the Royal Karaul occurs in the summer.
From the northern side of the Palace is the entrance to the Cabinet of Ministers and the Meeting Hall of the Swedish Parliament, Rixdag. This facade symbolizes parliamentary power.
The southern facade facing the palace descent is the most luxurious and solemn. Here is a huge monumental arch, on different sides of which there are a state hall and the royal chapel: the throne and altar are the main symbols of statehood. This facade is also decorated with six Corinthian columns and impressive sculptures.
Part of the palace, despite the fact that the king constantly lives in his residence, is open to visits. The greatest interest and admiration for tourists are luxurious royal apartments, the chambers of the Knight's Order, the celebration hall, the Charles XI Gallery, the Treasury, Arsenal, as well as the Palace-Museum "Three Crowns" and the Antique Museum of Gustav III.
This castle can be called an amazing model of architecture, because it perfectly combines the rigor and greatness, restraint and nobility.
Buckingham Palace - United Kingdom
As is known, the English Queen of Elizabeth II, which has been heading the country for over 60 years, together with his family lives in the Bukingham Palace (Buckingham Palace).
Over the years, this majestic and incredibly beautiful building is the main palace of Great Britain and the central headquarters of the ruling dynasty of Windsor. It is here that official techniques and other major activities of state importance are held.
It should be noted that the status of the official royal residence, the Buckingham Palace received more than 250 years ago. In 1837, going to the throne, Queen Victoria chose him.
Initially, the building was not so luxurious as you can see it now. Once a mansion belonged to the Duke of Buckingham, a friend of Queen Anna. In 1762, for 28 thousand pounds, the house bought George III, who renamed it to Bukingham House. And only after almost 60 years, in 1820, King George IV rebuilt the mansion and turned him into a luxury palace. More than 150 thousand pounds left for the reconstruction (at the time, huge money).
The restructuring and expansion of the palace lasted for almost 75 years under the leadership of John Nash architects and Edward Blor (Edward Blor), which built three new flaggels formed a large courtyard. Fully changed internally decoration and the facade was updated.
Later, during the reign of Queen Victoria, in 1853 a huge ballroom was built with a total area of \u200b\u200b800 square meters. m, which today is actively used for major state events, techniques and concerts.
Most of the halls of the Buckingham Palace remained unchanged since the times, including the front-dining room, white living room, and, of course, the Golden Throne Hall, which is currently undergoing receptions and formal photo shoots with members of the royal family. Until now, the walls are decorated with the pictures of the Times of Herovka IV, and in many rooms, samples of unique rare furniture are preserved.
However, at the board of King Eduard VII (1894-1972), some rest were redone in the style of Belle Epoque (translated from Franz. "Beautiful era"). Cream and gold tones began to prevail in the decoration.
Currently, the Buckingham Palace covers an area of \u200b\u200bmore than 20 hectares. There are more than 600 rooms in the castle, including 52 royal bedrooms and 188 bedrooms for employees and guests, as well as 78 bathrooms. In addition, the territory decorates a huge garden, occupying almost 17 hectares in which grow exotic trees And flowers. This is the largest in the UK private garden. Artificial pond decorates him in the center.
The royal residence guard the court division around the clock, which consists of the royal equestrian regiment and the regiment of the Guards infantry.
Nowadays, the Buckingham Palace is a real city in the center of London. There is an own police station, hospital, two post offices, clubs, bars, cinema and swimming pool. The palace employs over 700 people attendants.
The queen lives in the palace most of the year and leaves him only for two months (August and September). At this time, the residence opens its doors to visitors and everyone can see the luxurious royal apartments and the front halls of the palace with their own eyes.
By the way, for a certain fee, you can feel yourself king and live in the Buckingham Palace. About 200 rooms in the palace this year for the period of the summer Olympiad 2012 will be given to the hotel. All those who want, of course, take apartments will not give. In order to ensure the security of the Queen and its family, before booking the rooms of each applicant, Scotland Yard will be very carefully checked.
Making a small excursion to the European Royal Palaces, it immediately becomes clear that the descendants of the Great Dynasties are shouted by the heritage. In many palaces, reconstruction was carried out, unique, invaluable works of art were preserved.
The construction of all considered palaces is dated to the end of the XVIII - the first half of the XIX centuries. It was at this time that in Europe there was a flourishing of such architectural styles as Baroque, Rococo, classicism and a little later than neoclassicism. All these styles were reflected in the design of royal palaces.
If we talk about the richest palaces, then the first troika rightfully entered the residence of the English, Swedish and Spanish royal families. It is these palaces that are the largest and rich. This is due to the fact that they were erected during the heyday of these states, when the kings had a desire, and the ability to build such majestic and luxurious buildings.
Anna Belova RMT.RU
Despite the fact that we live in a world where you are increasingly talking about democracy and a selection system, in many countries, dynastic traditions are still strong. All European dynasties are similar to each other. At the same time, each dynasty is special in its own way.
Windsors (United Kingdom), since 1917
The youngest
British monarchs are genealogically representatives of Hannover and Saxen-Coburg-Gothskaya dynasty, and more widespread vets who had faiths in Hanover and Saxony. During World War I, King Georg V decided that the proclamation was incorrectly called in 1917, according to the members of the new Windsor houses, the descendants of Queen Victoria, which represented the Hannover dynasty, and Prince Alberta male line - British subjects, and in 1952 Elizabeth II improved the document in its favor, declaring members of the house and its descendants who are not descendants of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert on the male line. That is, de facto from the point of view of normal monarchical genealogy Prince Charles and its descendants are not windsoras, the dynasty is interrupted on Elizabeth II, and they relate to the Glucburg branch of the Oldenburg House, which rules in Denmark and Norway, because the husband Elizabeth Prince Philip from there. By the way, the Russian Emperor Peter III and all his offspring of the male line, too, from the Oldenburg House of Blood.
Bernadoty (Sweden), from 1810
The most revolutionary
The son of a lawyer from Gasconi Jean-Batist Bernadot chose a military career and gave out to the generals during the French revolution. Relations with Napoleon did not work out from the very beginning, the ambition of the Gasconian considered himself better than Bonaparte, but he felt very successfully for the emperor. In 1810, the Swedes offered him to become the adoptive son of a childless king, and, after the adoption of Lutheranism, they were approved by the Kronprint, and soon - the regent and the actual ruler of Sweden. He entered into an alliance with Russia and fought against the French in 1813-1814, personally headed the troops. So the current ruler of Karl XVI Gustav is very similar to the Gasconian nose.
Gluckers (Denmark, Norway), from 1825
The most Russian
The full name of the dynasty is Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Gluxburg. And they themselves are the branch of the Oldenburg House, the weave of the descendants of which is extremely difficult, ruled in Denmark, and in Norway, and in Greece, and in the Baltic States, and even under the name of Romanov - in Russia. The fact is that Peter III and its descendants for all dynastic rules - just gluccourg. In Denmark on the throne, Gluxburgs now represents Margrenet II, and in Norway - Harald V.
Saxen-Coburg-Gothskaya, from 1826
The most conspiracked
The dukes of Saxen-Coburg-Gothic behaves begun from the ancient German home of the Wettins. As was customary in the XVIII-XIX centuries, the descendants of different German branches of the ancient ruling houses were actively used in dynastic marriages. And here Saxen-Coburg-Goths did not regret his offspring for a common cause. The first of this tradition was laid by Catherine II, taking his wife's grandchildren to Konstantin Pavlovich Duchess Julian (in Russia - Anna). Then Anna already saved his relative Leopold British Princess Charlotte, and his sister Victoria in marriage with Edward Kent gave birth to a daughter Victoria, which will become the most famous British Queen. And her son Prince Alfred (1844-1900), the Duke of Edinburgh, married the Grand Duchess of Maria Alexandrovna, Sister Alexander III. In 1893, the prince inherited the title of Duke Koburgsky and turned out to be an Englishman and Russian at the head of the German family. Their granddaughter of Princess Alix became wife of Nicholas II. Saxen-Coburg-Gothic dynasty is genealogically now on the British throne and completely without any reservations - in Belgian in the face of Philip Leopold Louis Maria.
Orange Dynasty (Netherlands), from 1815
The most unlucky
The descendants of the glorious Wilhelms of Orange returned their influence in the Netherlands only after the final defeat of Napoleon, when the Vienna Congress set a monarchical board there. The wife of the Second King of the Netherlands Willem II was Alexander I's sister and daughter of Paul I Anna Pavlovna, so that the current king - Villem Alexander - Praprapravnika Paul I. In addition, a modern royal family, although continues to rank at the Orange dynasty, actually grandmother Alexander Villem Juliana refers to the Mecklenburg Home, and Queen Beatrix - to the Westphalian Princely House Lippe. You can call this dynasty, because the three preceding Queens renounced the throne in favor of the descendants.
Parm Burbones (Luxembourg), since 1964
The Smestya
In general, the Parm Line of Bourbon since its time was a rather well-known and ambitious Italian dynasty, but she came almost a complete decline with the loss of his victobin at the end of the XIX century. So it would be stuck, being more or less successful aristocratic last name, but one of Felix's offspring married the Great Duchess of Luxembourg Charlotte Orange. So Parm Bourbons became the ruling dynasty of the dynamic state Luxembourg and lead a modest life, educating children, protecting wildlife and keeping Luxembourg. Do not think about the bread of the urgent area of \u200b\u200bthe offshore zone and 200 banks on the microstrum.
Liechtensteins (Liechtenstein), from 1607
The most appropriate
For all the time of its richest history - the house is known from the XII century - they did not climb into a big policy, perhaps because at the very beginning they understood that it was possible to break up to everyone. They acted slowly, cautiously, helped the strong world of this - faithfully put on the Habsburgs, created successful unions, easily changed religion, heading Lutheran, then returning to Catholicism. Having received the status of imperial princes, Liechtensteins did not seek to curtail with alien surnames, strengthened their dynastic ties within the Sacred Roman Empire. Actually, Liechtenstein initially was a secondary possession for them, which they acquired, because they were de Jura Emperor to enter the Reichstag and increase his political importance. Then they threatened with Habsburgs, which confirmed their incorrectness, and still Liechtensteins are distinguished by great attention to dynastic relations, entering marriages only with pillars. It is worth adding said to the fact that the GDP per capita in Liechtenstein is the second in the world after Qatar - $ 141,000 per year. This is not least due to the fact that the dwarf state is a tax refuge, where different companies can hide from taxes of their countries, but not only. In Liechtenstein, the prosperous high-tech industry.
Grimaldi (Monaco), from 1659
The most rootless
Grimaldi is one of the four births that ruled the Genoese Republic. Because there were held in the XII - XIV centuries, constant clashes between the supporters of the Pope Gellastlines and the emperor - Gvelfami, then Grimaldi had to periodically run on nearby Europe. So they found Monaco for themselves. In 1659, the owners of Monaco adopted the princely title and received from Louis Xiii the title of Dukes de Valentina. They spent almost all the time at the French yard. But this is all in the past, and in 1733, the genus in the men's knee of stopped, and those that now Grimaldi - in fact come from the Duke of Estheville, who in the marriage contract Monaco ordered to take their surname. The current Prince Alber with sisters is completely coming from the marriage of the Count Polignak with the illegitimate daughter of Prince Louis II, which rules in the Principality in 1922 - 1949. But the lack of meaningfulness Albertes with interest pays for publicity working on the principality.
Princes of Andorra - Urkhel's Bishops, from the VI century
The most ancient
Since 1278, Andorra has two prince-ruler - Episcopes Urkhelsky and someone from France, first Count De Fua, then King Navarre, now and the President of the Republic. Episcopal Board is the historical attack of the secular dominion of the Catholic Church. Urkel, or, more correctly, the Urvel Diocese was founded in the VI century, and since then the bishops lead their pedigree. The current Prince - Bishop Joan-Anrik Vives-I-Sisilla is a theologian, a practitioner priest and a public figure. But for us, a special interest in the history of Andorra and Bishops of Uzelsky represents 1934, when they were shifted by the Russian adventurer Boris Skosharev from the throne. He came to Andorra, proclaimed himself as a king, or either a sought-to-date, or bribed the Country General Council supported him. The new king made a lot of liberal documents, but when he decided to make a gambling zone there, before the loyal bishop rebelled. And although King Boris I declared him a war, he still won, calling the reinforcement from the five national guardsmen from Spain.
Spanish Bourbon (from 1713)
The most branched
The fact that recently the Spanish bourbons are most sinking, everyone knows, but they are also the most branched from Bourbon historically. They have as many as six side branches, including the most significant - carlistle - from the infanta of Don Carlos senior. At the beginning of the XIX century, he was the cleanest applicant for the Spanish throne, but due to the pragmatic sanction of Ferdinand VII of 1830, who passed the throne of his daughter Isabelle, was not left. For Carlos, a strong party was formed, he unleashed two wars called carlisty (his grandson Carlos Jr. was already attended). The carlisty movement in Spain was weighty until the 1970s, formally exists now, but there is no importance in politics, although they have their own applicant for the throne - Carlos Hugo.
Right holder illustration Getty Images Image Caption. All royal houses of Europe were closely related. The main source of common ancestors was Germany
Royal families will not envy: too few children or children are not the floor - and the dynasty in danger, too much - and the subordinate territory can ride a civil war.
Of course, we are talking about times when the monarchs ruled without regard to parliament and could do almost all that they would be pleased.
In England, for example, do not be at Eduard III of such a number of children, there would be no War of Yorks with Lancaster.
Ekaterina Aragonian Henry Viii Son, who lived to mature age, England, quite possible, still remained Catholic.
In the history of European monarchies, a huge number of examples when the number of royal children (or their absence) solved the country's fate for several centuries ahead.
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Where to look for a wife?
Right holder illustration Wikimedia Commons Image Caption. The engraving on which young Victoria is captured on the day of his advice on the throne on June 20, 1837
By the time, young Victoria, royal power in Europe, with the exception of several particularly stubborn countries, was a little limited to the British throne.
But the monarchies as such were still preserved, and the kings, the duke and Kurfürshist married and gave birth to children, whom it was necessary to somehow attach.
A real Klondike for the Royal Bride Fair was Germany.
Full royal set
Right holder illustration
ZiegelBrlenner, Wikimedia Commons Image Caption. Map of North and Central Germany in 1806. Options for selection of brides and grooms were set
Until 1806, the Center of Europe spoke almost exclusively in German. Moreover, it did it on the territory of more than 300 different independent and semi-independent formations, most of which in some way or another was included in the sacred Roman Empire.
These were the hereditary possessions of the Habsburgs, and many small territories, which the rules of the Princely Family of Hohenloe, and the small kingdoms of Bavaria and Prussia, and even the Bishops of Reichenau and Cologne.
However, Napoleon Bonaparte, defeating Prussian and Russian troops in simultaneous battles at Jena and Auersthedte, dissolved the empire and sent numerous rulers into single swimming. As a result, the central Europe map of that time looked like a complex mosaic, and each piece had its own ruler.
If that, the Germans will help
Right holder illustration Wikimediz Commons Image Caption. Kurfürste Hannover, King George I British. According to contemporaries, it was a boring man, he never spoke in English
German states and principalities served not only by an inexhaustible source of brides, but also a reserve in case that some other countries suddenly appeared without heirs.
Kurfürste Hannover Georg Ludwig, for example, became the first British king of the Hannover dynasty, Georg I.
According to contemporaries, Georg was a man boring and in English did not speak. The country actually managed the Cabinet of Ministers, which generally went to Britain for the benefit.
The Hannover dynasty on the throne was strengthened, and over the next one and a half centuries, her siblings of both sexes were married mainly with representatives of the German ruling surnames.
Right holder illustration Wikimedia Commons Image Caption. Duchess Kent with daughter, future Queen Victoria. In his hands, the baby holds the portrait of Pope, by the time the late
There were two reasons for that. The first is the one that these Royal Germans was a pond of a pride, and the second - in the British laws of the monarch did not have the right to marry with Catholics, which excluded all territories south of the Rhine.
After the death of Princess Charlotte, the only child of George IV and Carolina Braunschweigskaya, the king's brothers threw a chance to marry to ensure the country to a lawful heir. And where to look for wives? Of course, in the same Germany.
It so happened that Edward, Duke Kent married Victoria Maria Louise Zalfeld. The result of this union and became the Queen of Victoria, who, in turn, married his newly German cousin Albert from the Saxen-Coburg-Gota dynasty.
Dynastically Victoria turned out to be the most successful British queen and rewarded with his siblings most of the European thrones.
And the Russians there
Right holder illustration Wikimedia Commons Image Caption. Ekaterina Alekseevna, she is Sophia-August-Frederick Anhalt-Crebst, a year after marriage
Siblings of royal, ducal, Kurfursky and other German ruling families They were not too picky and married everywhere, where they would call.
- Empress Ekaterina II, she is Catherine Great before the transition to Orthodoxy was called Sofia-August-Frederica and was a princess of Anhalt Czyrrsc. According to the mother, she belonged to the Hollytein-Gottorpian princely family, to his father - to the Anhalt Crsc.com;
- Her son, the future emperor Paul I, was married twice, and both times on the Germans. His first wife was called August-Wilhelmina Hesse Darmstadt, and the second - Sofia-Dorothea-August-Louise Württemberg;
- Alexander I was married to Louise-Mary-August Badenskaya;
- Nicholas I - on Princess Charlotte Prussian;
- Alexander II - at Maximilian-Wilhelmin-August-August-Sophia-Maria Hesse Darmstadt;
- And only Alexander III put the temporary end of this tradition, marrying the princess Dagmar Danish. Although in fact she was a German, since her father, King Christian IX, was a representative of the younger branch of the German Dynasty of Oldenburgs.
Right holder illustration Wikimediz Commons Image Caption. Paul I with family. Next to him the second wife, also German, Sofia-Dorothea-August-Louise Württemberg, she is Maria Fedorovna
Thus, the numerous German kingdoms and the principality turned out to be something like a fisher garden, from which various royal houses were caught fish (bride) to their taste and discretion.
Therefore, some mixing DNA was not avoided. And here is just one example: Margaret-Augustow Anhalt Czyrrskaya was a grandmother of the British king of George I and a relative of the future Russian Empress Catherine II, which took place from the same august family.
And if you think that other royal houses of Europe escaped the German gene pool, then deeply mistaken.
Christian IX Dansky
Right holder illustration Wikimedia Commons Image Caption. King Christian and Queen Louise. Although Danish, but still the Germans
On the Danish throne, the Germans have fallen quite a long time. If the indigenous dynasty for some reason died, it followed as soon as possible to find a replacement.
To arrange the bloody civil wars as in the Middle Ages it was already somehow not very accepted (if the policy did not intervene in the question of the throne), and the mixing of blood in the royal families of Europe was such that finding some long-range relative of a suitable religion was no longer special Labor.
Christian IX Danish was the king of Denmark, but before he was called on the throne, he wore the titles of Duke Schleswig-Hollyteinsky and Lüneburg (as well as sad memory and the fate of the Russian Emperor Peter III).
Right holder illustration Wikimedia Commons Image Caption. Christian IX with children. On the left of Princess Dagmar, the future Russian Empress, right-princess Alexander, the future British Queen. And son Waldemar, who refused the Bulgarian crown
Christian belonged to the youngest branch of the Aldenburgs, who ruled Dania, starting from 1448. And no one left him in the kings until the hope remained that the king Frederick VII Danish leaves offspring. In 1852 it became clear that the elder branch of Oldenburgs was on the verge of complete extinction, and Christian made the heir.
He married his rosulor sister, Princess Louise Hesse-Kassels. This marriage turned out to be successful and prolific, although the distribution of the Danish royal offspring on numerous European thrones did not happen so much thanks to the king, as long as his wife, who, like any self-respecting mother, tried to attach the kids better.
Genetic team Salunka
So, in the second half of the XIX century, two prolific royal families were in Europe, who had to somehow add their numerous offspring.
The most curious lies in the fact that Victoria and Christian were also related. They were a secondary brother and sister through their common ancestor, the king of Britain George II.
It is quite difficult to understand this intreviation of genealogical branches, and I apologize in advance. Judge for yourself: Grandfather and grandmother King Christian on the maternal line, Karl Gessel-Kasselsky and Louise Danish, were children of daughters George II British, and thus cousin and sister. Well, Christian Louise's wife was the granddaughter of Prince Frederick Gessel, the brother of the Father of Christian himself.
That is, Christian and Louise were a cousin and sister and cherry relatives of Queen Victoria.
Grandma All Europe
Right holder illustration Wikimedia Commons Image Caption. Kaiser Wilhelm. Painfully loved mom and grandmother and desperately envied the cousin Georg
Queen Victoria sincerely believed that, with a large number of European royal houses, it would be in relationship, the less chances that military conflict would happen.
True, she herself, planning another marriage of his offspring, believed that they would also consider the British interests at the new throne, which, unfortunately, did not always happen.
The straight grandson of Victoria Kaiser Wilhegelm was terribly envied by his British cousin, believed that his grandmother does not love him, and wanted to attract the attention of Rodney by all possible ways. The fact that it resulted in the First World War (Of course, there were other objective and much more important historical reasons for this conflict, but also related relations It is not worth disclingoning), she no longer recognized.
Test of Europe
Right holder illustration Wikimedia Commons Image Caption. "Sasha and Minnie." Tsearevich Alexander with the bride, Danish princess Dagmar
And if the Queen of Victoria is called the grandmother of Europe, then Christian IX received a nickname of the European testing.
His children were on the thrones of Denmark, the United Kingdom, Russia and Greece. Another of his daughter Tira could well become the queen of Hannover, but she was not lucky, because in 1866 Hannover was annexed by Prussia.
His son Waldemar was offered to Bulgaria's crown, but he thought, refused, rightly judging that the reign was associated with too much potential problems.
It turned out that by the end of his life, Christian could boast such high-ranking grandchildren as the Russian emperor Nicholas II, the British king of George V and Hokon VII, who occupied the throne of Norway. Of course, his offspring remained on the Danish throne, but it did not see this for quite understandable reasons.
Two sisters
Right holder illustration Wikimedia Commons Image Caption. And here is the second sister Alexander with his fiance, Prince Wales
The most successful matrimonial achievement of Christian IX can be considered the fact that one of his daughters Alexander married Prince of Wales, the future King Edward VII, and the other, Dagmar, for the Russian emperor Alexander III.
Why both royal houses will not be guaranteed with the Denmark guaranteed to say it is impossible, although it is likely that Russia and Britain considered to give Denmark too insignificant country, the marriage with representatives of which would not be able to significantly affect the balance of power in Europe.
Son Sisters: Georg V and Nikolai II were so similar that they were even confused. What is probably not to be surprised, given the numerous degrees of kinship between two Augustons.
They threatened directly
Right holder illustration Wikimedia Commons Image Caption. Zesarevich Nikolai and Alisa Hessian after the engagement
The second daughter of Victoria, Princess Alice married Prince of Hessian Ludwig. With this marriage, too, everything was not too simple, since Victoria actually wanted to marry her more influential, for example, for Prince Orange, or Albrecht Prussian, who was a cousin of her own husband.
But Alice's groom did not like. Victoria, who was in a happy marriage herself, believed that he was not worth incolmenting children, of course, although it was not necessary to neglect dynastic connections, and I could have allowed Hesse marriage.
It is impossible to say that the marriage of Alice and Ludwig was very happy, although it did not prevent a pair of going to eight children.
The seventh was Victoria Alice-Elena-Luis-Beatris Hesse Darmstadt, the future Russian Empress Alexander Fedorovna, who married Nicholas II, who was the grandson of Christian IX.
Continuation of family history
Right holder illustration Getty Images Image Caption. Royal family of Belgium ...
To date, seven royal families remain in Europe: in Belgium, Denmark, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Great Britain and the Netherlands.
All of them, so, or otherwise, are descendants of Victoria or Christian, or both at once.
Right holder illustration Bill Ebbesen. Image Caption Denmark ... The descendants of both are the current monarchs of Norway, Denmark, Spain and the United Kingdom. By the way, the spouse of Elizabeth II, Prince Philipp can boast of the same dual relationship.
Right holder illustration Getty Images Image Caption Sweden ... The King of Sweden is a descendant of Victoria, but not Christian. The King of Belgians and Erzgertzog Luxembourg is in direct relationship with Christian, but not with Victoria.
Although both are directly connected by the Uzami Rodance with the King of Belgian Leopold, who was simultaneously uncle and Victoria, and her husband, Prince Alberta.
Right holder illustration Getty Images Image Caption Norway ... The King of the Netherlands is the only European monarch whose relatives with the European grandmother and the European test is not too close, although he is a distant relative of Elizabeth II, Prince Philip and other European royal families.
Right holder illustration Getty Images Image Caption Netherlands ... A slightly closer study of royal genealogical thickets of Europe shows that all the current monarchs in one degree or another are descendants of George II British. Although most of these related links is most suitable for the definition: the seventh water in the kisel.
Right holder illustration Getty Images Image Caption Spain ... However, when this Kissel is royal, he still interests historians and ordinary citizens. Alas, but such a relationship, close, or not very, does not always save from the tragic end.
This personally was convinced by the last Russian emperor Nicholas II, who was betrayed by his own cousin and friend Georg V.
Right holder illustration Getty Images Image Caption. ... and the United Kingdom are relatives and descendants of George II
True, it can be said that George had quite good reasons. But about this next time.