Solution M 50 proportion. Learning to knead masonry solution - accurate composition, tool, tank for kneading
Cement mortar whose proportions are basic knowledge for any host, installer or builder.
After all, each team structure (construction, plane, etc.) from brick or block should be made of a specific type of solution.
And not from what happened at hand. Therefore, let's talk about the compositions.
Compositions and their applications
So, the cement solutions are applicable:
- For plastering. The correct ratio of 1 to 3, where the unit is cement, and three sand. The fluid is initially measured with a benchmark on the volume of cement, although they dilute the mixture without a rush, pouring water gradually. This is necessary to comply with the consistency in the concrete mixer or by the usual bucket. Sometimes they add lime. But this ingredient is combined (diluted) sand twice. So the solution will become more plastic, and hence the saving of material.
- Under brickwork. Standard is 1 at 4. Where is the cement unit. It happens that the share of cement (one unit) is still plusing up to 0.3 hawed lime.
- Under the tie of the floor in the apartment. Again, the classic is 1 to 3. But it is necessary to give preference only by expensive brands of cement. Here M150-200-300 is a waste of time.
- Concretes. There are specific values \u200b\u200bfor fillers, tested by time and Soviet designers: 1/2/4. Where 1 is cement, 2 - sand and 4 gravel or crushed stone. As you know, concrete has its own classes or types. So here the best way concrete solution with their own hands is performed strictly from higher category cement, and this is M500 brand.
Table for selecting the desired components:
Preparing yourself
Spread everything in stages. The solution prepared quickly and independently is most often needed for masonry or fill in the private sector. And for this you can not do without:
- Sand;
- Water;
- Cement.
And most owners come like this:
- Capacity is prepared for mixing (bucket, barrel, stretcher, pelvis or even plastic in the pit).
- A screwdriver is taken with a nozzle for places of plaster (building mixer).
- Bucket or other capacity to work. Of the general it is necessary to transfer to the object, and drag times the capacity of more than 10 liters with cement is not professionally.
It is not enough just to mix the proportions, and they, let's say straight, to recalculate on the fingers. For a specific task, there are subtleties in this process.
For example, a solution for laying a stone or brick is a kind of consistency. Someone at the finished mixture throws trowel and looks at the result (the viscosity is determined). Well, professional masonry comes more often like this:
- Related relatively dense solution.
- Next, an inclined plane is created (approximately 40 degrees).
- Some of the solution from the center of the tank laying on the inclined and see the degree of readiness - if the mixture does not flow, then you can work.
But in general there golden Rule For the preparation of the solution. All ingredients are mixed still in a dry form, and already begin mixing with a liquid, gradually adding water.
How to choose the desired cement type
List the material brand for specific types of work:
- Plaster. Suitable M 150-200 for internal work and M 300 for external facade processing.
- Bricklaying. Brand from M300, not lower. Sand share in cement 4 to 1.
- Screed. Only Mark M 400.
- Concrete. Here is the question of appointment. If a concrete base Will carry out support functions, we buy strictly M500 for the entire volume. Well, for sites, parking and other structures, the type of cement is a secondary matter.
About the fraction of sand in the solution
Any proportion should vary by the coefficient of strength or purpose. The rate, as already mentioned, is one to three, where three parts of normal sand and one part of the cement.
If the amount of sand is increased, then the solution during frozen (drying) will be given in strength. The other side of the medal, the solutions according to the classical norm are not so plastic, and there is a possibility that the masonry can simply crack.
Check simply: on the training (test) plot we make several rows of masonry with different amounts of sand. After that, we try to break the seams on the chips, cod and other damage.
For reference:the brand of cement M400 is, in fact, almost concentrate, and it is necessary to dilute such a material with a proportion of 1 to 4. By the same principle we do with M500.
But this rule will be suitable for cement mortar (masonry, plaster), and not for concrete.
Even on classical solutions, if necessary, a little liquid soap is added. Now it is no longer a scarce product, and on the complete capacity of the concrete mixer can be addressed to 100 grams of soap. It will be stamped such a composition for no more than five minutes, but will serve perfectly with the bad quality of the brick.
A solution of cement, taking into account proportions, is individual solutions inside the building process. Under each type of brick, foundation, ties and everything else, proven components are selected. And even sand for the solution must be concrete grain.
How to interface cement mortarSee the instructions in the following video:
This article is not for professional builders, they all are well known, but for people who are not entirely sophisticated in the profession of the builder, but decided to independently perform some operations where cement mortar is required. Inviting builders - is unnecessarily costly, and not just finding those who want if the volume of works is small. And it is possible to prepare cement mortar.
Some inexistant developers puts such a concept as a solution to a dead end. There is nothing difficult in this. The grade of the solution indicates the strength of the compression of a small cube with a size of 70.7x 70.7 x 70.7 (mm) from the solidified solution and is measured in kg / cm2. That is, the higher the brand of the solution, the stronger the finished product will turn out. There are only 9 stamps of the solution, the lowest - 4, the highest - 300. The most often applied brands from 25 to 200.
The strength of the solution depends on the binding (cement) and the proportions of the binder of the aggregate (sand). For example, a cement solution in a 1: 6 ratio means that the solution consists of 1 part of cement and 6 parts of the sand.
Without going into a general construction excursion by type of solutions, we turn to practical advice immediately.
Wall Masonry Solutions
Performing the masonry of the walls of the brick or the kitel on the cement solution, it is very important that the solution has not only the necessary strength, but also was plastic enough. The laying on the hard solution, which, when moving it on the surface of the brick, immediately gives water and turns into a sedentary mass, is similar to torture. When working with such a solution, the brick does not slip on its surface, the vertical seams are very badly filled, and it does not have to talk about high performance with this solution at all.
Modern technologies offer different plasticizers, but it is quite possible to do without them, using old methods proven methods of preparation of solutions. Undoubtedly, the larger the binder in the composition of the solution, the more fattened, but with such an approach you can come to a catastrophic recepter of cement, and this is money, with considerable. Therefore, it is very important to choose suitable sand for a masonry solution.
Very rarely brought sand does not have pebbles. It is best for the safety net to immediately sift sand through a metal grid with cells of 5 x 5 mm, it will remove not only stones and roots from the sand, but also other impurities.
In no case use the washed river sand for masonry solutions. Only with the ratio of cement 1: 3, the solution can become a little plastic, but it is already a solution of M 200, and the masonry solution is mlaring - m 50 - 75, the ratio of components in which 1: 6 or 1: 5. It is best for such solutions a career sand with grain size of no more than 2.5 mm, which has a small melting of clay. It is this small impurity that will add a solution with the necessary plasticity.
If you brought the sand river and besides coarse-grained, there are two ways to prepare a solution of the desired consistency:
1. Add a little clay to it. If you cook the solution with a concrete mixer, then the clay must be thrown into the stirrer last. When preparing a cement solution in a 1: 6 ratio, it is sufficient to add 0.5 parts of clay so as not to reduce the grade of the solution and make it much plastic.
2. Pick the cement-lime solution. Lime will serve as a natural plasticizer, which will make a solution for masonry wall comfortable for work. When preparing such a solution, you can use lime dough or haired lime that you need to pour water in a large container. Lime is bred by water to the consistency very liquid sour cream and are used to prepare a solution instead of clean water. According to the standard of 1 m3 of the cement-lime solution M 50, 150 kg of hated lime is necessary.
The most common brands of cement mortar have the following ratios of cement and sand (the norms are given for the M400 brand cement):
- M 25 - 1:11 (136 kg of cement M300 per 1 m3 solution);
- M 50 - 1: 6.3 (232 kg of cement M300 per 1 m3 solution);
- M 75 - 1: 4.5 (319 kg of cement M300 per 1 m3 solution);
- M100 - 1: 5 (304 kg of cement M400 per 1 m3 solution);
- M200 - 1: 3 (499 kg of cement M400 per 1 m3 solution);
Most often in stores occurs cement M400. But if the cement M500 caught you, then it will be less needed. To determine how much cement M500 is needed, simply multiply the estimated consumption of M400 cement to the coefficient of 0.85.
In order to determine the need of sand when laying the walls of the brick, you need to know that on average on 1 m3 of normal masonry it is necessary to 0.24 m3 solution, regardless of its brand. By defining the required volume of the solution, multiply this value to 1.2 and get the volume of sand. On average, the weight of 1 m3 of sand is 1.5 tons. From this calculation you can decide on the carrying capacity of the machine necessary to deliver the sand to your construction site.
The strength of the solution is determined by its brand, i.e. The ability to withstand a certain load on the compression, measured in kilograms per square centimeter. In order to obtain a solution of the same composition, all components included in it are measured by certain doses, applying various dishes or scales for this. Distinguish skinny, normal and fatty solutions. There is a lot of aggregate in the skinny, it is inconvenient in operation and is not distinguished by proper strength. The normal solution contains in the supply of the binder and the aggregate, in the oily - excess of the binder, so it cracks. Battime is determined mainly in clay and lime solutions with the help of an oar to which it is stirred. If the solution does not stick to the weft, but only a dirty, it is skinny; If it sticks with individual clots - normal; When the solution is strongly enveloping the paddle - it is greasy.
To the skinny solution is added binding substances, in the fatty - aggregate. All materials used to prepare the solution are pre-sifted on the sieve. When preparing a solution for plaster works, a sieve with cells 5x5 mm is used, for stone works - with cells 10x10 mm. From the clay of the limestone test, the solution is prepared at once, and from cement first prepare a dry mixture, and then a solution. Make up the mixture can be in the box; But it is better on a brisk - a wooden shield of 2x3 m. Any solution must be prepared carefully. The poorly mixed solution is heterogeneous, and where it is weaker, the destruction of structures can begin. Accurate dosing of materials must. Dry mixes, such as cement with sand, is best prepared so. Sand and cement in the form of beds are poured with layers, which are adjusted to the volume of 200-300 mm altitude. This bed is shoved by shovels several times to uniformity, and then the mixture is sieved through a frequent sieve with 3x3 mm cells, not less.
For the preparation of the solution, the mixture and water also measured doses and are thoroughly mixed to full uniformity. From excess water, it turns out a more liquid solution and after drying it is less durable than a thick solution of the same composition. From proper mixtures, homogeneous solutions are obtained. Lay them is much easier than inhomogeneous.
Materials and solutions for foundations and basements
These parts of the buildings are asgraded from durable materials that can serve for a long time, not destroying. Tables 6 and 7 provide materials and solutions for foundations and basements located in various operating conditions.
Table 6. Solutions for laying foundations and basements below the waterproofing layer:
| Brand cement | Type of soil | |||
| malval | wet | saturated water | ||
| cement-limestrine brand "10" (cement, limestone dough, sand) | cement-clay solution of brand "10" (cement, clay dough, sand) | cement-lime and cement-clay solution of brand "25" (cement, lime or clay, sand) | cement mortar of the brand "50" (cement, sand) | |
| 50 | 1:0,1:2,5 | 1:0,1:2,5 | - | - |
| 100 | 1:0,5:5 | 1:0,5:5 | 1:0,1:2 | - |
| 150 | 1:1,2:9 | 1:1:7 | 1:0,3:3,5 | - |
| 200 | 1:1,7:12 | 1:1:8 | 1:0,5:5 | 1:2,5 |
| 250 | 1:1,7:12 | 1:1:9 | 1:0,7:5 | 1:3 |
| 300 | 1:2,5:15 | 1:1:11 | 1:0,7:8 | 1:4,5 |
| 400 | 1:2,1:15 | 1:1:11 | 1:0,7:8 | 1:6 |
Note: The compositions of solutions are given in bulk units.
Table 7. Materials for the underground part of the house and base located below the waterproofing layer:
| Materials | Material brand, kgf / cm 2 | ||
| Priming | |||
| allevable | wet | saturated water | |
| at level groundwater At depth of the surface of the earth, m | |||
| 3 or more | from 1 to 3 | 1 | |
| Natural stone, weighing more than 1600 kg / m 3 (limestone, dense sandstone, granite, diorit, basalt) | 100 | 150 | 200 |
| Natural stone weighing less than 1600 kg / m 3 | 50 | 75 | You can not apply |
| Concrete heavy weight over 1800 kg / m 3 and products from it, except concrete on the fuel slag | 75 | 75 | 100 |
| Brick clay plastic pressing | 100 | 125 | 150 |
| Cement solution | Application is not justified | 25 | 50 |
| Cement-lime solution | 10 | 25 | You can not apply |
| Cement-clay solution | 10 | 25 | Also |
Most often used for the device foundations booton. The aggregate is usually served stone from quarries, large gravel, crushed stone, brick-half-one, brick fight, etc. The aggregate is placed by layers with a thickness of 20-25 cm Mospos along the walls. Each layer is watered with a solution of the desired brand and tightly trambet.
The cement-limestone is prepared from cement, limestone test and sand. Lime dough is diluted with water to milk thickness and focus on clean sieve. From cement and sand prepare a dry mixture, put it on lime milk and stirred thoroughly. Adding lime milk increases the plasticity of the solution. Instead of limestone test, it is possible to use clay, which is taken in the same quantity. The compositions (in bulk parts) and the brand of cement-lime and cement-clay solutions are given tables 8, 9, 10. And those and other solutions are used both for masonry of overhead walls and foundations in dry soils. If the underground laying is carried out in a low-voltage soil, then at least 75 kg of cement, in cement-clay - 100 kg, are taken at 1 m 3 of sand in cement-lime solutions; In very wet and saturated soils - 100 and 125 kg.
Table 8. The composition and brand of cement-limestone and cement-clay solutions:
| Brand cement | Mark solution, kgf / cm 2 | ||||
| 100 | 50 | 25 | 10 | 4 | |
| The ratio of the parts of the solution | |||||
| 400 | 1:0,2:3,5 | 1:0,7:6,5 | 1:1,9:12,5 | - | - |
| 300 | 1:0,1:2,5 | 1:0,4:5 | 1:1,3:10 | - | - |
| 200 | - | 1:0,2:3,5 | 1:0,7:6,5 | 1:2:16 | - |
| 150 | - | - | 1:0,3:4,5 | 1:0,8:7 | - |
| 100 | - | - | 1:0,1:3 | 1:1,5:10,5 | 1:1,8:13 |
| 50 | - | - | - | 1:0,2:3,5 | 1:1:9 |
Note: Figures 1: 0.7: 6.5 Denote that they take 1 part of the cement, 0.7 pieces of lime or clay test and 6.5 parts of the sand.
Table 9. The compositions of the solution for overhead masonry of buildings with humidity of rooms up to 60% and for masonry foundations in alignmentary soils:
| Brand cement | Mark solution | |||
| 100 | 75 | 50 | 25 | |
| 600 | 1:0,4:4,5 | 1:0,7:6 | - | - |
| 500 | 1:0,3:4 | 1:0,5:5 | 1:1:8 | - |
| 400 | 1:0,2:3 | 1:0,3:4 | 1:0,7:6 | 1:1,7:1,2 |
| 300 | - | 1:0,2:3 | 1:0,4:4,5 | 1:1,2:9 |
| Cement-clay solutions | ||||
| 600 | 1:0,4:4,5 | 1:0,7:6 | - | - |
| 500 | 1:0,3:4 | 1:0,5:5 | 1:1:3 | - |
| 400 | 1:0,2:3 | 1:0,3:4 | 1:0,7:6 | 1:1:11 |
| 300 | - | 1:0,2:3 | 1:0,4:4,5 | 1:1:9 |
Table 10. Compositions of solutions for overhead masonry with humidity of premises More than 60% and masonry foundations below groundwater level:
| Mark. | Mark solution | |||
| 100 | 75 | 50 | 25 | |
| Cement-lime solutions | ||||
| 600 | 1:0,4:4,5 | 1:0,7:6 | - | - |
| 500 | 1:0,3:4 | 1:0,5:5 | 1:0,7:8 | - |
| 400 | 1:0,2:3 | 1:0,3:4 | 1:0,7:6 | - |
| 300 | - | 1:0,2:3 | 1:0,4:5 | 1:0,7:9 |
| Cement-clay solutions | ||||
| 600 | 1:0,4:4,5 | 1:0,7:6 | - | - |
| 500 | 1:0,3:4 | 1:0,5:5 | 1:0,7:7,5 | - |
| 400 | 1:0,2:3 | 1:0,3:4 | 1:0,7:6 | 1:0,7:8,5 |
| 300 | - | 1:0,2:3 | 1:0,4:5 | - |
| Cement solutions | ||||
| 600 | 1:4,5 | 1:6 | - | - |
| 500 | 1:4 | 1:5 | - | - |
| 400 | 1:3 | 1:4 | 1:6 | - |
| 300 | - | 1:3 | 1:4,5 | - |
Cement solutions are prepared in such a sequence. From cement and sand, a dry mixture is pre-prepared, and on 1 part of the cement, you can take from 2.5 to 6 parts of the sand (depending on the cement brand). The dry mixture is embedded with water, stirred and used in a case for 1-1.5 hours. Cement solutions are most often used to masonry foundations and other structures that are below groundwater levels. On the same solutions you can put the walls. They are pretty durable, but very cold. Depending on the brand of binding material and the amount of aggregate taken in bulk parts, a cement solution of one or another brand is obtained (Table 11). The need of cement is determined depending on its brand and the brand of the prepared solution (Table 12).
Table 11. Mark solution depending on the cement brand and the amount of aggregate:
| Brand cement | Mark solution, kgf / cm 2 | ||||
| 100 | 50 | 25 | 10 | 4 | |
| The ratio of the parts of the solution | |||||
| 400 | 1:3,5 | 1:6 | - | - | - |
| 300 | 1:2,5 | 1:5 | - | - | - |
| 200 | - | 1:3,5 | 1:6 | - | - |
| 150 | - | 1:2,5 | 1:4 | 1:6 | - |
Table 12. Consumption of cement by 1 m 3 sand for the preparation of the solution of the desired brand:
| Brand cement | Mark solution, kgf / cm 2 | ||||
| 100 | 50 | 25 | 10 | 4 | |
| Cement consumption, kg | |||||
| 400 | 340 | 185 | 90 | - | - |
| 300 | 435 | 240 | 120 | - | - |
| 200 | - | 350 | 185 | 75 | - |
| 150 | - | - | 230 | 95 | - |
To determine the quality of the building solution, it is necessary to comply with such parameters as strength, type of binding ingredient, proportion and purpose. Taking into account the density, cement and limestrine on heavy and lungs are divided. If it is necessary to obtain a heavy mixture, then the porous sands from the pumice, tuffs and slags are used as a placeholder. To prepare a light solution, you will need to apply foaming additives.
Masonry solution MARK M 50
This mixture is represented technical characteristics M-50 PC F50. M50 brand is a simple mixture, in which the strength class is in3.5. The composition of this product is water, astringent ingredients and aggregate.
M75 may have the following technical characteristics:
- moisture resistance W6-W8,
- frost resistance F50-F200,
- pC1-PK4 mobility.
To improve all the qualitative characteristics of the product under consideration, add auxiliary ingredients and plasticizers. They are able to increase the plasticity and density concrete solution. In addition, it is possible to slow down the gripping process when delivering it over long distances.
For M100, the strength class B7.5 is characterized, and the strength is 100 kg / m3. All components included in the product are thoroughly mixed using special technological equipment, especially.
The strength indicators of the solution affects temperature mode ambient air. If the air temperature decreased, then the time of the composition was also decreased, which sharply reduces its strength. Increased temperature indicators are also undesirable, since in this case moisture from upper layers The solution evaporates, and strength decreases.
If you need to give the necessary strength to the solution under consideration, it is worth adding 1/10 from the resulting cement volume.
For the presented solution, the time of frozen is characterized by no less than 2-1.5 days. If you want to get a composition with a short sinking time, then during the manufacture you need to add gypsum. Due to this ingredient, it is possible to achieve solidification of the solution for 6 minutes, and the complete rejection is observed after 30 minutes. But this solution is not always useful to use, special skills will be required here, however, the plaster will have high strength indicators.
You can prepare lime with the addition of clay. These ingredients are taken in the 1: 1 ratio. After that, be sure to add sand in the amount of 5 parts. The resulting mixture will be much stronger than just lime and clay.
What is the price of cement m 500 indicated
On video - cement lime mortar for plaster, proportions:
The limestrine for masonry brick has less strength indicators than cement. However, it is very warm and has a large plasticity. In addition, the solution of the solution of the solution is very light and quick-capable. For cooking it is necessary to use hawed lime, sand and water. All components mix well. Such a solution is very rarely used in construction. one-storey housesmost often for masonry inside the house.
Lime-cement today is applied not only for masonry bricks, but also to plastering the surface. In compliance with all proportions and manufacturing techniques, it is possible to obtain a high-quality solution, which will guarantee a long service life in the influence of negative influences.
Cement - artificial inorganic binding material, which when adding water, salt aqueous solutionsOther liquids forms plastic mass, which subsequently solidifies, turning into a stone-like body.
It is used for the production of concrete and building solutions. Now the most popular brand M (PC) 400 and M500.
Acquisition of high-quality binder
- Purchase is better to carry out in specialized construction stores and supermarkets, and not in the market.
- It is necessary to carefully examine the integrity of the packaging and all the inscriptions. It is very important that the shelf life does not exceed six months. The fresh, the better. And to avoid fake, it is necessary to check the quality certificate.
- It is unacceptable for the presence of lumps, and the People's Quality Inspection Method: Cement is gaining in a hassle and compress her palm in a fist. If he seeps through the fingers, then the material is good, if it is compacted in the hand, it should not be taken.
- It is not recommended to store it, it is advisable to use it immediately after purchase, and if a certain amount after the work performed remains, it is necessary to store strictly in the place protected from moisture, additionally placing in hermetic polyethylene bags, tightly knitting them.
Preparation of construction solutions
Many people think that the M400 or M500 brand is an indication of which proportion must be followed for the preparation of the mixture. This is not true. The number indicates that cement can withstand a load of 400 or 500 kg / cm 2, respectively. How to dilute cement?
The tables in the preparation and use of building solutions CH 290-74 are specified strictly regulated proportions.
So solutions are divided into:
- Plaster solutions: M10, M25, M50 brands;
- Masonry solutions: M50, M75, M100, M125, M150, M200 brand;
- For screed: M150, M200 brands.
- Mixed water with binders, get cement milk, into which sand is added.
- The second option is preferable: first mix the cement with sand, and then add water. This ensures the homogeneity of the obtained cement mass and quality construction work.
When preparing a cement-lime or cement-clay solution, first lime (clay) dough is bred by water to the consistency of milk and passed through a sieve with 10x10 mm cells. Then add it to an already mixed mixture of sand with a binder.
For plastering, clean river sand is used, career sand can be used for laying. Before use, sand is sieved through a sieve with cells of 10x10 mm. Often in individual construction use for these purposes an old shell mesh from the bed.
The amount of water is already determined in the production of the mixture, judging from the consistency of the mixture.
To interfere with manually solutions, apply a scooping shovel, a building mixer. But it is still better for large volumes of construction work to purchase electrical concrete mixer. To deliver the solution, use ordinary buckets, stretcher or a wheelbarrow. We should not forget about mittens and protective glasses.