Drainage pipes which are better. Drainage pipes for groundwater disposal: complete product classification
Or houses. In any metropolis, there must be invisible drainage systems for waste water and groundwater; the owners of a private estate have to solve the issue of dealing with storm water, melt and groundwater on their own. Will help in this the most modern look drainage pipes - perforated drainage pipe.
A drainage system is a complex system of pipes (drains) and wells, sometimes pumps, to collect and drain high groundwater and sediments from houses and wetlands.
The question of the need for a drainage device on the site is not so simple. Removal of excess water is necessary in the following cases:
- if water regularly enters the basement under the house or the basement used as a gym, library, cinema, boiler room;
- if the walls of the house crack and sag;
- if the water in the well is above the level of the foundation (and especially if it is close to the surface);
- when the site is swamped, if after a rainstorm, water is not absorbed on the ground for a long time and there are puddles;
- in clayey areas;
- if the site is on a slope or in a lowland.
Drainage is superficial and deep. Deep drainage is carried out around the house for groundwater drainage and to protect the foundation of the building and the basement, it is always made closed by design. The drainage of water from the site is carried out using surface drainage (by design, it can be open and closed). Storm sewage -.
In our article, we consider the most progressive type of material for closed drainage - perforated pipes.
Drainage pipe device
The device of a closed deep drainage is not the most difficult job, it is quite doable on our own. The work itself is quite commonplace: dig a trench, backfill with rubble and sand, mount pipes, fill up a trench. The complexity of the drainage device is the choice of diameter, slope and other design wisdom.
It is advisable to install water drainage from the foundation simultaneously with the construction of the house (and in case of long-term construction - with the laying of the foundation).
Principle of operation
The principle of operation of drains is simple - water seeps inward, flows in the direction of the slope, is collected in water intakes or enters the city sewer.
Views
Modern perforated pipes are made of plastic - HDPE (low pressure polyethylene) and PVC (polyvinyl chloride). There are tough and well-bending (flexible) varieties. Rigid ones are sold in measured lengths - 6 and 12 m each. Flexible - in coils up to 50 m long.
Drains are single-layer and double-layer. , corrugated outer layer and smooth inner layer.
To indicate the strength of perforated drains, the coefficient of ring stiffness of the product is used: SN2, SN4, SN6, SN8, SN16 (in order of increasing stiffness).
There is a subdivision of products in terms of the number and location of holes: fully perforated ones have six rows of holes located along the entire circumference of the pipe; partially cut through - only three rows.
As a rule, corrugated pipes are used to drain groundwater.
Also used for drains are ceramic and steel tubes with perforation, but due to shortcomings they practically ceased to be used. They also stopped using due to the limited service life (up to 30 years), weight, fragility, cost, and installation complexity. Concrete structures have large diameters and are used only in communal systems. Products without perforation are also no longer used.
The most modern products are produced with a geotextile filter.
Advantages and disadvantages
Ceramics
Steel as a material has a rather significant cost, such pipes are susceptible to corrosion, "overgrowth" by deposits of insoluble calcium and magnesium salts. But in terms of strength, the metal exceeds any other types of pipes and sometimes you simply cannot do without them. The service life of products with anti-corrosion coatings reaches 40 years. Smooth and corrugated.
Ceramics is a fragile, heavy material, it is difficult to install, they do not have fittings for connecting to modern inspection chambers, for connecting, turning.
The most relevant and demanded type of drainage pipes for private estates is polymer.
Advantages of plastic products:
- low cost;
- ease of installation;
- no corrosion:
- plastic;
- availability of a huge range of pipes and accessories for sale (corrugated and smooth, double-layer and single-layer, with or without filter material).
- double-layer drains have very smooth inner walls - this increases the flow rate of the water and the volume of drained water.
Disadvantages: in some cases - with the danger of landslides, earthquakes, strong subsidence of the soil - the strength of the plastic may be insufficient and you will have to install a metal drainage system.
Material
It is better to buy the material in building hypermarkets, certified. The approximate price of materials is much less than the cost of the work, and the quality is more dependent on the material. For the same reason, you should not use used materials.
If it is necessary to deepen the drainage system by more than two meters, we recommend choosing two-layer pipes - they have greater rigidity; the smooth inner surface allows them to be laid with a smaller slope and not to bury the trench “to the center of the earth”, which is important when the distance to the collector well is large.
Diameter
When choosing the diameter of the drains, it is necessary to take into account all the factors affecting the amount of groundwater: the amount of precipitation, its distribution by seasons and months; the height of the groundwater relative to the bottom of the foundation, the size of the house; the slope of the soil surface (slope, lowland, hill), the seasonality of the rise of groundwater.
If the groundwater rises above the level of the bottom of the foundation 1-2 times a year (mainly when snow melts), you can choose for ring drainage around the house:
- with a house area of up to 70 m² - diameter 100 mm;
- 100-120 m² - 150 mm;
- 120-150 m² - a diameter of 150-200 mm is desirable.
If the house is in a swamp or the groundwater level is above the foot of the foundation, the house is on a steep slope or in a beam, the house has a building area of 200 m2 or more - do not experiment with your own home, contact the specialists and make a project - it will come out safer and cheaper than to redo the sewage system that cannot cope with the volume of the discharged water, to repair the basement and to repair cracks in the walls.
Soil type
Clay and loamy soils retain water. In chernozems and sandy loam soils, water usually drains quickly and without problems. All other things being equal, when installing drainage pipes in loam and clay, you should choose a larger pipe diameter.
Basic rules for laying perforated drainage pipes
The device for draining water from the foundation is not as simple as it seems at first glance. Here we describe all the features of the drainage process.
Wall-mounted deep drainage around the house is located below the freezing depth of the soil, below the foundation and in any case, not higher than 1.2 m from the ground level. It is located at a distance from the walls of at least 1.5 m, from the blind area - 0, -1.2 m. Ditches are dug with a width of at least three pipe diameters. It is necessary to add 0.3 m to the required design depth - the thickness of the crushed stone and sand backfill (crushed stone carries out the primary filtration of groundwater).
The first step is to pour a bedding onto the bottom of the ditch. First, wide and narrow bands of geotextiles are laid - for wrapping crushed stone and sand.
Then a layer of sand 100-150 mm thick is poured, rammed, wrapped in textiles. Crushed stone is poured with a filtering layer equal to the diameter of the drain, leveled with a piece of board nailed to a stick. Crushed stone fraction - 16-32 mm. Before backfilling, the crushed stone is washed with water with a strong pressure from a hose for 10-15 minutes. It is convenient to do this by pouring crushed stone into small heaps. Then it is either used or packed in bags and stored for no more than a week.
You can't dry it!
Perforated pipes are laid starting from the collector well. They are covered with washed crushed stone to a height of one pipe diameter, wrapped in a large piece of geotextile. Fill up with small unwashed crushed stone of fraction 8-40 mm with a layer of 100-200 mm. Fall asleep with earth.
Slope drainage system determined by SNIP 2.04.03 and varies within 2-10 mm per linear meter. The slope should increase slightly towards the collection sump. With a uniform slope, the system silts up faster.
Wells must be installed at every second turn of pipes and at their connection. Outlets of the pipeline must be at least 250 mm above the bottom of the well.
No matter how good the filters are, the drainage system is still clogged with organic residues ("silting up"), therefore, periodic cleaning of the system is required every 3-4 years.
How to clear a blockage in a drain pipe
There are two main ways of cleaning drains: mechanical and hydrodynamic. For the mechanical method, special pneumatic installations with a device for crushing deposits are used.
Hello dear interlocutor!
In the construction of a house, in addition to the construction of the structure itself,. It is scary to imagine, for example, what would happen to a precious cottage in the event of a systematic flooding of the foundation with sewage.
That is why today's article will focus on the very necessary and important system- drainage system.
And in particular - about what the optimal drainage pipe should be for your site.
Drainage is a structure designed for land drainage and auxiliary devices. Serves to drain ground water from the local area.
Soil waters in central Russia are often located high - at a depth of 2 m from the surface of the earth and even higher. Underground moisture destroys the foundation of the structure and causes rotting of plant roots. Before building a house, be sure to carry out engineering surveys, and.
How to understand that drainage is needed?
- Your site is located on a slope or vice versa in a lowland;
- If the surface of the territory is flat and the water has nowhere to drain, it stagnates and swamps the area;
- There are severe floods in your area;
- The walls of the house freeze in winter;
- The room is humid, mold and mildew form.
All these direct and indirect signs indicate the need for forced drainage of the site.
How does drainage work?
The soil drainage system can be of three types - open, closed and point.
- Open system
Serves for the drainage of surface waters (rain, melted snow, flood waters, etc.).
For the device of an open structure, a trench 50 cm deep and 60-70 cm wide is dug along the entire perimeter of the site. The collected water should be poured into a general drain. If the site is not located on a slope, ditches should be dug with a certain slope so that the water does not stagnate, but flows from the territory. The ditch is left empty (drainage without pipes), or reinforced with stones, cement. A special open drainage pipe can be laid.
- Closed system
More complex. The trenches here are from 1 to 1.5 m deep, 0.25-0.5 meters wide. The depth of the laying should be greater than the depth of soil freezing.
It is necessary to lay a sand-crushed stone pillow in the trench, and on top of it a special perforated pipe of the required diameter. You need to dig a ditch with a slope towards the well or drain. Remains of a gravel-sand mixture are laid on top. To avoid clogging and silting, drainage pipes must be additionally protected with filter material.
All collected water enters the storage tank, from it into the reservoir, or into the sewer. To control the state of the system, it is necessary to install special inspection chambers.
- Point
Single installed receivers in the places of the greatest accumulation of water. Several installed local receivers can be connected to a single network. The main elements of point drainage are storm inlets and outlets.
Competently selected and correctly installed system drainage of the site will protect the upper layers of the soil from erosion, the foundation of the house - from cracks, will preserve the decorative coating in the yard and will have a beneficial effect on soil fertility. Therefore, in no case should you neglect drainage.
Why is plumbing or sewer not suitable?
Plumbing or sewer pipes performed without special holes. Products without perforation can only be used to drain already collected liquid.
What is perforation for?
Through the technological holes, water from the soil enters the pipe and moves along it to the drain common for the entire section.
Types of drainage pipes
Products vary in material, surface, stiffness and load carrying capacity. Let's consider each variety separately.
By material:
Most often, pipelines for water drainage are made of asbestos cement, ceramics, and plastic. Less common are chrysotile cement, metal pipes and products with the addition of polystyrene.
Asbestos-cement
Asbestos cement is a waterproof and fire-resistant material. Made from cement and asbestos fibers.
At the moment, asbestos pipes are rarely used due to the large weight of the product and the difficulties of installation. Drainage holes in such pipes are difficult to make on your own, and the finished system has low operational properties.
Chrysotile cement
Chrysotile-cement parts are the closest relatives of asbestos-cement ones. They also contain white asbestos fibers called chrysotile. Chrysotile is packed in a concrete matrix. In the last century, the material was considered carcinogenic.
Advantages of chrysotile cement drainage systems are water tightness, resistance to mechanical stress, good response to high pressure, service life -25 years and more. Cons - heavy weight, installation difficulties, slow assembly process.
Ceramic
They are made from a special type of clay with subsequent firing. Ceramic drainage products are durable, high pressure resistant, environmentally friendly. The range of diameters produced is not great - from 5 to 30 cm.
A too low coefficient of surface friction makes it difficult to install the filters.
Polymer
Polymer parts, in turn, are subdivided into products made of polyethylene (HDPE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and polypropylene.
Mon
Drainage pipes HDPE are made of polyethylene of sufficiently high stiffness classes SN4 and SN8. They are used for both deep and surface pipelines. Sizes range from 5 to 70 cm in diameter.
There are single-layer, double-layer and perforated versions of products with joints in the form of couplings, welding and socket.
Details from HDPE are flammable.
Made of polypropylene
A frequently used product. The closest relative of the HDPE. Available in crimped and smooth. The minimum pipe diameter is 50mm, stiffness class SN8.
Pvc
Drainage pipes made of PVC (polyvinyl chloride) are no less popular for the arrangement of pipelines than the previous 2 plastic kind pipes.
Produced in the following modifications:
- Rigid and flexible;
- With and without filter material;
- Single layer and double layer.
Supplied in lengths of 6 and 12m and in coils.
When buying a pipe, you should pay attention to the stiffness class, PVC products are available in a wide range, from SN2 to SN16.
With expanded polystyrene
The structure is a perforated pipe inside a geotextile filtering shell filled with expanded polystyrene granules. Special pellet channels improve water drainage. Expanded polystyrene is resistant to all liquid media, tolerates low temperatures, has a long service life (up to 100 years) and is unattractive to rodents.
The need to use this particular type is due to the following factors:
- Groundwater is too close to the surface;
- The site is dominated by alumina;
- The site is located in a lowland and is prone to waterlogging;
Standard dimensions - core D = 110 mm, total diameter of the drainage system - 300 mm.
Corrugated
Corrugated pipes are made in the form of a plastic accordion. Drainage holes in such products can be either round or slotted.
Advantages of corrugated products:
- Light weight;
- Simple and fast styling technology;
- Reliability;
- High corrosion resistance;
- Strength and durability;
- High level of ring stiffness;
- Wide range Applications - pipes are produced with varying degrees of rigidity, which makes it possible to select products directly for
Single-layer and multi-layer
Pros of multilayer pipes:
- Several layers give the product extra strength and durability. Upper layer more often corrugated, inner - smooth. They are designated by the SNX marking, where X is the maximum drainage depth in meters.
- Single-layer pipes are most often used for local drainage systems. They can be smooth or corrugated.
Flexible and tough
Pipes are divided into 2 types, depending on the stiffness:
- Flexible models: Used to create flows with a rounded perimeter. They are characterized by lower ring stiffness and strength. They are produced in the form of bays. Convenient because there is no need to install a large number of connecting elements.
- Rigid pipes: Used for laying straight sections. Available in thick-walled and thin-walled. They have a higher strength factor compared to flexible ones, but when laying, additional fittings cannot be dispensed with.
Perforated
Drainage pipes for groundwater drainage are produced with perforations. The diameter of the technological holes is made from 1.5 to 5 mm. Holes are located in different products either around the entire circle, or ½ and 1/3 of it.
Non-perforated products are only suitable for specially designed systems where moisture is collected from a common source and transported to the drain.
Perforated drains are called suction (collecting) drains.
With filtering layer
Without filtration, technological holes quickly become clogged and throughput decreases. The filtering layer of pipes is made of geotextile or coconut fiber.
In geotextile
Geotextile is a non-woven fabric, most often black. Placed on top of the pipe and used as a sieve to prevent dirt from entering.
Such a drainage pipe lives in the ground for a long time and, accordingly, retains its operational properties for a long time.
Coconut wrapped
Coconut fiber as a pipe wrapper has its pros and cons. The advantages include environmental friendliness, high elasticity and permeability, high resistance to decay and deformation. The only negative is the high cost of construction.
Yet
In addition to the above, metal perforated pipelines from special alloys are extremely rarely used. They are used in industries where in wastewater chemical waste may enter. Using such products at home does not make sense.
Which is better?
For storm water
Smooth plastic pipes with a minimum stiffness factor (eg SN2) are ideal for collecting surface water.
Do not overpay for products with high strength characteristics. Corrugation is not needed here either.
For groundwater drainage
For groundwater drainage, the most successful choice will be a corrugated multilayer pipe with perforation and protection in the form of a coconut filter. Yes, this product is not the cheapest on the market. But such a pipe will 100% save your foundation from destruction, and, accordingly, from huge financial costs.
It is imperative to choose a pipe based on the SN parameter.
Drainage table for different soils
If the pipeline is laid incorrectly, for example, above the level of soil freezing, then in winter it will freeze. There are 2 options here - either lay the pipes below this level, or insulate them well. Let's summarize the data on the recommended types of drainage pipes, depending on the types of soil in the table.
The table of the dependence of the distances between the drainage areas on the type of soil and the depth of the drains is given below:
Drainage pipe manufacturers
I propose to consider several leading manufacturers of plastic elements and find out how their products differ from each other.
Pragma
PRAGMA ® - trademark high-strength polypropylene pipes... Corrugated, red, made with a double structured wall made of PPR-B polypropylene. Withstands temperatures up to +60 degrees.
Perforated
A kind of Korsis pipes. The products of this brand use high-modulus polyethylene with the addition of mineral impurities, which give additional rigidity. They are produced in two types - with perforation only in the upper part or with holes along the entire surface.
Corsis
It is double layer polyethylene pipes for storm water and shallow drainage. The outer layer is black and corrugated for UV resistance. The inner one is smooth to allow water to pass through, it is made in white. White color facilitates inspection of the inner surface of the pipe.
Softrock
Softrock is a ready-made system that allows you to reduce the amount of work on laying and assembling drainage.
Flexible perforated pipes are surrounded by expanded polystyrene core, packed in a geotextile mesh. Additionally, the kit includes additional fittings. Pipe diameters -110, 160, 200mm. Outside diameter -300mm, Strength class SN4, pipe length -3m.
Pipes Logistics
The Logistics pipe is a flat rectangular pipe, supplied in coils. Made of polyethylene. Has internal reinforcing elements. The tube is compact and takes up 2.5 times less than conventional round tubes.
Uponor
Products made of high-density polyethylene with a double wall. The single-layer pipes are equipped with a coconut fiber filter.
SK-Plast
The company produces smooth and perforated products in both multi-layer and single-layer versions. Products of the STS brand are distinguished by their versatility and affordable price.
Dimensions and diameters
The choice of the pipe diameter is the most important step in the design of the drainage system.
For draining a significant volume of water, products will be needed large diameter(not less than 300-400mm). For domestic needs 200mm is enough. The most commonly used pipe is 110mm. For calculation required diameter it is necessary to take into account the degree of soil moisture, the filtration coefficient, freezing, the volume of the inflow and other features of the terrain (indicated in the relevant reference books).
For an area of 400m2, 110mm in cross-section will be enough. If the area is larger, 200mm pipes will do. Industrial areas are drained with larger diameter products. The width of the trench should be 40 cm larger diameter pipes.
Where to buy and how much they cost
You can buy products at any hardware or hardware store, on the market, or order delivery directly to your home on the Internet. The approximate cost of popular plastic products per 1 running meter:
- Single layer with the most popular diameter 110mm 110-130rub;
- Single-layer with a geotextile filter - 240-280 rubles;
- With a filter made of coconut fiber-300-350 rubles / m;
- Two-layer - 130-150 rubles / m.
The cost of products depends on the manufacturer and the material of manufacture.
Drainage installation and maintenance
Ditch preparation
Ditches for the drainage system can be dug manually or using special equipment. The width of the trenches should be 40-45 cm larger than the diameter of the pipeline. Distance between drainage ditches shown in the table above.
Trenches must be dug with a slope of 0.5-0.7% towards the collection of moisture. At the bottom of the trench, a layer of sandy soil 20 cm thick is laid, then the same layer of crushed stone.
DIY styling
Produced as follows:
- Drainage pipes are placed in the prepared ditch. If the perforation is made only on one side, then during assembly they should be laid with the holes down;
- The elements of the pipeline are connected to each other using special fittings with sockets.
- At turns of the line, it is necessary to provide for the installation of wells.
Backfilling
- The buried pipe is covered with a layer of rubble;
- A layer of sand must be poured over the rubble;
- A previously cut sod is laid on top of the trench.
Tips for saving when installing a drainage system go from the opposite. T, E, boil down to the fact that it is better to spend money on a competent drainage device than on the subsequent reconstruction of the house.
- Geological surveys must always be carried out before the installation of the drainage system! This will allow you to make the system working the first time and not to alter it later.
- Choose either coconut filters or quality geotextiles. Do not be lazy to familiarize yourself with its characteristics when buying;
- Instead of cheap limestone crushed stone, it is better to use granite, which will not be washed out with water later.
In the process of planning the construction of a residential building or country house, the owners of the land often face the question of the likely flooding of the territory ground water or large quantity precipitation.
In the spring, when the snow melts or in the fall, with constant rain, large enough puddles may appear in the country, which will interfere with the movement process, and can also harm the plants. Usually, all this is repeated from year to year, which can automatically lead to the complete destruction of the foundation.
With constant long-term water stagnation, the soil gradually becomes waterlogged, and oxygen does not enter the soil at all. All this automatically leads to the infliction of sufficient serious damage to all plantings.
Important! So that the plot of the dacha allotment does not gradually turn into a swamp in the process of precipitation, it is worthwhile to do high-quality drainage of the territory, that is, to carry out the arrangement of the drainage system.
A system of this kind is a network of special pipes interacting with each other. They are usually located around or along the site and provide effective drainage of water strictly outside of it.
Drainage pipes are a system that is used for high-quality removal of excess moisture from the territory, from the foundation of the house, from farms and from the garden. Such structures are laid strictly with a certain slope towards a special water receiver. It can be of several types:
- Ditch;
- Common drainage pipe;
- Drainage well.
Pipes intended for drainage differ from standard ones in their external characteristics... There are special holes on the top. Through them, water that collects on the surface of the soil enters the inner part of the structure, and then is completely removed outside the entire summer cottage area.
Modern pipes that are used in the arrangement of drainage can be of two main types - standard ones with perforated holes, and they can also be completely wrapped with special materials that act as filtration.
At the moment, in the implementation of construction processes, the following types of pipes are used:
- Perforated ceramic;
- Asbestos-cement;
- Made of high quality polymer.
The first two types are used quite infrequently, as they are characterized by high weight and certain disadvantages. As for polymer structures, they are endowed with such positive qualities, as:
- Relatively low weight, which greatly simplifies the installation processes and transportation of equipment.
- Simplicity in the process of installing the entire drainage system. Working with pipes of this kind does not require special skills, a minimum amount of time resources is spent. Thanks to this, drainage in the country can be done by hand.
- There is a high-quality perforation that allows water to pass through, but not sand and small particles of soil, so there will be no clogging of the drainage structure as a whole. In addition, pipes of this type have the ability to self-clean. If a small rubbish penetrates, by means of an ideal smooth surface, it is completely removed from the system.
- High performance and durability. The pipes have special stiffening ribs, which contributes to the most even distribution of the load.
- The general application period is 40-50 years.
- Low cost of the entire system as a whole.
- There is a relative non-susceptibility to destructive corrosion and resistance to aggressive environments.
The process of pouring polymer pipes is very rare. The best option for such a system would be a pipe wrapped in high-quality geotextiles. In this design, it plays the role of a special filter that does not allow soil particles to pass through. If there is none, you will have to purchase a special one. Then you can forget about the periodic flushing of the system forever.
Buyers are offered a wide variety of categories and typical sizes of polymer pipes. This makes it possible to build such a drainage, which will be distinguished by high performance indicators.
Modern pipes for arranging the drainage system are made from different materials... It can be ordinary PVC, polypropylene and polyethylene. Among them, it is PVC structures that are in great demand, they can be:
- One- and two-layer, with certain classes of ring strength parameters;
- Flexible in structure, their length can reach 50 meters. They are produced in special bobbins. There are hard ones, the length of which is from 7 to 12 meters;
- Filtered and naked. The material can be a special geofabric or quality coconut fiber.
Pipes made of polypropylene are not much inferior in quality to those made of high-quality PVC. They are also manufactured in a corrugated and smooth form, and the minimum diameter parameters are 50 mm.
Similar designs are produced in a wide range, and the basis is polyethylene, produced under low or rather high pressure. Almost all types of pipes made of high-quality plastic are similar in many qualities to each other.
Pipes that are used in the drainage system or those intended for sewerage and city water supply are very different from each other. Here are the main differences between these designs:
- Purpose of pipes. Modern plumbing, as well as sewer pipes, direct wastewater, that is, sewage and water between certain elements of a particular engineering structure. As for modern drainage pipes, they effectively collect water accumulated in the ground.
- Differences are in the materials from which pipes of all categories are made. This is a large and varied set in all respects - cast iron, polymers, steel and high-quality ceramics. Drainage pipes by manufacturers are made only from polymer bases. Companies have almost completely abandoned other materials.
- For sewer and water pipes important sealing, that is, ideal moisture impermeability. Speaking of drainage structures, it can be noted that, on the contrary, their walls must have perforations in order to pass water very well.
- Pipes that are intended for the sewer system and for a standard water supply system do not differ at all from each other, therefore they can quite successfully interchange... Drainage systems have special additional structural elements that other structures do not have. Perforation is one such element.
The need for additional products is also important. For a drainage system, it is often required to purchase goods such as plastic or.
The main features of drainage structures include partial or complete perforation. It has a direct impact on a large number of general drainage characteristics.
Full perforation is the production of holes that are spaced at a specific distance, approximately 60 degrees around a common circumference. In other words, there are up to 6 holes in one section, and the standard diameter parameters are 1.3 mm. If the pipe is partially perforated, this means that there are 3 holes in its upper part and that's it.
To protect all present holes from clogging quickly enough, many manufacturers carry out perforations between corrugations, that is, between stiffeners.
Important! It is worth noting that such ribs help to distribute the load level as evenly as possible over the entire drainage structure. This has a significant impact on the indicators of its durability.
The main conditions for the use of a high-quality drainage structure implies the use of different pipe models according to the characteristics, which are intended exclusively for drainage. Each of them solves a particular task as efficiently as possible.
It is for this reason that it is so important to determine exactly why all drainage work on the land will be carried out, as well as what devices will need to be taken for this. For example, a two-layer drainage pipe, which is characterized by ideal strength and rigidity, is optimal for laying in the ground at a decent depth.
Devices that have a special filter layer are originally intended for use in places with the likelihood of sufficiently strong clogging or pouring water with fine particles of sand and gravel into the drainage system. Pipes, which have a sufficiently large diameter, are used in areas where there is a need to drain a large volume of water.
Important! For a drainage device at a relatively shallow depth, special corrugated single-layer pipes with or without perforation, but with the presence of filtration material, would be ideal. The hardness level may be slightly lower than usual.
Buyers from Russia are now provided with a fairly diverse selection of quality pipes that are used for drainage. Their cost can be different, from 70 to 300 rubles. The price category directly depends on parameters such as:
- Diameter;
- Type of pipes;
- Category of structures;
- It matters where the product is purchased;
- The volume of purchased products matters.
Arrangement of a high-quality drainage system is required to be planned in advance. You need to rely on General characteristics soil and ground, to the maximum indicators of the level of underground sources.
Material costs for such a design can be relatively small, if everything is thought out in advance. A particular advantage is that in the future, such an installation will help to effectively avoid a different plan of problems.
Building your own country house always starts with a drawing of the future structure, selection construction crew and quality materials. However, not everyone knows that the first stage of this responsible process should be the arrangement of the drainage system in their area. In this case, the suburban building will receive reliable protection from flooding during spring floods and heavy precipitation in the warm season. Proper arrangement of the drainage system is the key to a dry and comfortable home.
Description and principle of operation of drainage pipes
Drainage pipes or drains are designed to receive and discharge water, therefore they are considered necessary and important elements for draining the area. Drainage refers to a system of interconnected drains.
The principle of operation and the device of the drainage pipe cannot be called complicated, therefore, in most cases, the owners of suburban areas equip the drainage systems on their own. To do this, it is necessary to lay drainage pipes along the site or along its perimeter with a certain slope towards a water collector and fill it with gravel, sand or soil.
Drainage pipes are divided into two types:
- The drainage or suction drains on the walls have holes that are arranged in a certain order. Through them, water enters the pipe, goes to the drainage well,
- By means of collecting cavities, water from the drainage well is discharged outside the area to be drained.
As a result of the use of a drainage pipe, a sufficiently thick, dry and stable plot of land is formed.
Material for the manufacture of drainage pipes
The modern world is characterized by the constant emergence of new technologies, therefore, the requirements for various communication systems are constantly growing. The drainage system in this regard is no exception. Outdated schemes and materials used in this industry become impractical and difficult to use. For example, ceramic and asbestos-cement pipes are practically not used for drainage for a site with a short service life and a fairly high cost. They have been replaced by polymeric drainage materials, which are characterized by a combination of flexibility, lightness, strength and reliability. In addition, almost all modern materials safe, do not corrode and withstand temperatures from -70 0 С to +50 0 С. Thanks easy installation the laying of plastic drainage pipes can be done by hand.
Modern drains are made of the following materials:
- Viniplast or unplasticized polyvinyl chloride.
- Low pressure polyethylene and low and high density polyvinyl chloride.
Scope of use
Drains can be used for domestic purposes, for example, for arranging drainage wells and draining groundwater from the basement and foundation of a building. Reclamation drainage pipes are used in civil and industrial construction, in land reclamation and in the construction of highways. In each case, the correct approach to the selection of the size and technology of manufacturing drainage pipes is required.
Dimensions (edit)
The choice of the size of the drainage pipe depends on its direct purpose; the performance of the entire drainage system depends on the diameter of the pipe. In everyday life, pipes with a diameter of 20 cm are most often used. A large volume of water requires the use of pipes with a diameter of 30-40 cm, such products belong to the industrial group, their domestic use is the arrangement of wells. The most popular are products with a diameter of 11 cm.
When deciding how to lay a drainage pipe with your own hands, you need to determine the size of the drainage pipes. In doing so, the following factors should be taken into account:
- The structure of the soil at the site.
- The degree of soil moisture and freezing.
- The planned volume of water to be discharged.
- Drainage depth.
- Trench width.
It is also important to know that pipes of the same diameter are not always enough to equip the drainage system. To connect the elements in such situations, a reducer or adapter is used.
Design features of pipes for drainage
For the usual home master it is very important to know what the drain pipe looks like. Unlike a conventional pipe, the drain is partially or completely perforated. Full perforation implies 1.3 mm holes every 60 ° along the cross-section. In case of partial perforation, there are three slotted holes, which are located between the stiffeners in the upper part of the shell. The presence of stiffening ribs on the drainage pipe makes the product more rigid and durable.
When deciding which pipes to choose for drainage of the site, it should be understood that they can be single-layer and double-layer. The first option has a low stiffness class, therefore it is used when creating shallow drainage. In this case, the pipes are laid at a shallow depth. The second option has a higher stiffness class and greater strength, therefore it is quite suitable for laying at a greater depth.
Pipes for groundwater drainage are also produced, which have a special filter layer or filter material. Such products are recommended for use in areas where there is high risk clogging of pipe elements.
Perforated drainage pipes
Most of the polymer pipes are characterized by the presence of a corrugated surface and an insignificant wall thickness, due to this, the product big size may have a small mass. This design of the drainage pipe helps to facilitate the entire process of arranging the drainage system.
It is worth noting that it is not recommended to independently drill holes in a regular drainage pipe. In a factory-made pipe, the holes have a certain geometry and are located in a certain pattern. Therefore, the slightest inaccuracy can cause a malfunction of the drainage system, which will certainly lead to flooding of the site, and not its drainage.
Most of the holes in the drain are narrow and long slots through which a minimum amount of contamination can pass into the pipe. The number of holes on one cross-sectional line is always the same:
- Perforation 360 0 assumes the location of the holes around the entire circumference of the pipe. The products are used in areas with severe flooding, where precipitation and groundwater have approximately equal amounts.
- Perforation 240 0 assumes the presence of holes for 2/3 of the pipe, the lower part of the product remains unperforated. Such drains are most often laid in areas with a natural slope or with the presence of heterogeneous soil.
- Perforation 180 0 implies the placement of holes in half of the drainage pipe. Such drains are used as an attachment to storm drains or in regions where one type of water is more abundant than another. Such situations include the predominance of melt water over groundwater, or vice versa.
- Perforation 120 0 is very rare and should be used for small amounts of surface water.
A perforated drain pipe has one pretty compelling advantage: the entire surface of the pipe works. This ensures efficient water drainage, clean channels and drains.
Geotextile braided drain
Geotextiles are used as a braid for perforated drainage pipes to protect openings from clogging. Such drains are suitable for laying in loamy and sandy soil. For domestic use, drainage geotextiles are purchased, the density of which is about 200 g / m 2. However, there is a material with a density of about 600 g / m 2.
When choosing, it should be borne in mind that with an increase in the density of the material, its cost increases. For this reason, one should rationally approach the choice of geotextiles so that the total cost of work on the arrangement of the drainage system does not increase.
Also, geotextiles can be road and needle-punched, so when buying, you should take into account the purpose of the material.
The geotextile drainage pipe braid has several functions:
- Reinforcement. The material enhances the load-bearing capacity of the product.
- Protection. Geotextile protects the surface from damage or minimizes the degree of mechanical stress.
- Drainage. Precipitation and groundwater are collected and discharged.
- Filtration. Particles of sand and soil are retained.
Ceramic pipes
For the production of this type of drainage pipes, lamellar clay and various additives are used. Ceramic pipes can be perforated and corrugated. The grooved outer surface increases water absorption.
The standard provides for the release of several forms of drainage pipe. It can be a cylinder, hex and octagon. However, all types are characterized by the correct geometric shape, the inner surface is always a circle, the outer surface of the pipe can be a polygon or a circle.
Ceramic pipes do not have sockets, therefore, when arranging the drainage system, the connection is made using clamps and couplings.
HDPE pipes
The best option for pipes for drainage of groundwater can be called low-pressure polyethylene products, HDPE pipes. Distinctive feature the material is extended service life, up to 50 years, high strength and elasticity. HDPE pipes are capable of withstanding water freezing. Due to the presence of a large assortment of connecting elements and fittings for HDPE pipes, it became possible to build a system of any configuration and length. Most of the underground drainage systems are made using HDPE pipes.
Among other advantages, good throughput and versatility deserve special attention. All this allows the use of such products in everyday life, civil and industrial construction.
As for the principle of operation of plastic drainage pipes, it has almost complete similarity with other types of pipes.
Polypropylene pipes
The high demand for polypropylene pipes is due to the presence of a large number of advantages. In particular, we are talking about the following:
- Long service life and high stability.
- Ability to work under high loads and high pressure in the system.
- Low weight of products, greatly simplifying their assembly and transportation.
- Due to the smooth inner surface, the pipes are almost completely self-cleaning.
- Low degree of clogging and silting.
- The pipes are connected by means of thermal welding, resulting in a solid monolithic structure.
- Ideal value for money.
Coconut wrapped products
Coconut wrapping is used as a filter material for drainage pipes. It has its own advantages and disadvantages. Among the advantages are the following:
- Natural composition.
- Resistant to deformation, rot and mildew.
- Elasticity.
- The ability to pass moisture.
- Reliable barrier against various blockages.
- Possibility of use when connecting drainage with storm and sewerage system.
The disadvantage of using coconut braided drainage pipes is the high price. However, it is worth considering the durability, strength and efficiency of products with a coconut braid.
PVC pipes
Not deprived of consumer attention and PVC pipes, which are excellent for creating drainage systems for areas, to protect buildings from excess moisture, to drain water from the upper layer of roads. The main application of the drainage pipe is the laying of the drainage system at great depths.
This is due to the presence of the following positive characteristics:
- High rate of bookmark depth.
- Excellent strength characteristics.
- Resistant to chemicals and compounds.
- Manufacturer's warranty.
The disadvantage of a smooth polyvinyl chloride drainage pipe is fragility when freezing, which greatly complicates transportation and implementation installation works at low air temperatures. Therefore, in order to avoid losses, caution and accuracy should be exercised when performing these processes in the cold.
Drains with expanded polystyrene
IN Lately drainage pipes with expanded polystyrene filler have become widely used. They perfectly replace other types of polymeric materials that are laid in gravel.
When choosing a drain pipe with filler, you need to pay attention to the following points:
- The length of the drainage system and its capacity.
- Groundwater rise level.
- Location of the catchment area.
- The amount of head of incoming and outgoing water.
- Features of the soil.
One of the advantages of such products is the ability to reduce their length with improvised materials.
Chrysotile cement pipes
Chrysotile is an environmentally friendly material that is completely free of toxic and harmful impurities. It does not pose a danger to the health and life of people, therefore it is widely used in the arrangement of various pipelines, including a water drainage system.
A feature of this type of drainage pipes can be called the ability to pass water not through holes, but through pores. Therefore, there are practically no restrictions on the soil here, they are safely used in any soil.
Of the large number of advantageous points, the following draws particular attention:
- Good water permeability.
- Long-term operation, more than 25 years.
- High strength characteristics allowing to withstand pressure up to 5.8 MPa and strong mechanical impact.
- Possibility of laying to a great depth.
- Simple connection of individual elements.
- Good cross-country ability and reasonable price.
There is only one drawback of such pipes for drainage of a site - the need to use special construction equipment for transportation and installation work, which has a significant impact on the final cost of the finished object.
Main manufacturers
Materials for arranging the drainage system are presented in a large assortment from foreign and domestic manufacturers.
"Perfocor"
The main purpose of the perforated polyethylene products of this model is the assembly of high quality and efficient drainage systems. The flexible drainage pipe has a double wall: white smooth inside and black corrugated outside. Due to this, the pipes for drainage "Perfokor" are distinguished by increased resistance to aggressive atmospheric phenomena. Products fully comply with the norms that are spelled out in special technical standards.
The connection of drainage pipes is carried out using various branches, tees, couplings and adapters. Installation of drains with a diameter of 11-16 cm can be carried out by means of a sleeve connection, without using O-rings.
Pipes "Korsis"
The products are used in the arrangement of storm drains and gravity sewers. The manufacturing process is carried out using high quality polyethylene in strict accordance with certain standards. They also have a double wall, while all models have a black corrugation on the outside, and inside the smooth shell can be white or yellow.
Connection to the system is carried out using shaped components "Korsis". At the same time, sockets are already welded on products of large diameter, therefore, only an O-ring must be selected for assembly. When connecting small diameter pipes, a Korsis coupling and two rubber O-rings are used.
Most of the Korsis drainage pipes are produced by the POLYPLASTIC group, whose enterprises are located in Russia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine and Belarus.
"Pragma"
The company PipiLife is engaged in the development of these products, the main purpose is to use in the arrangement of storm sewers, for municipal and industrial drainage, arrangement of drains in the process of road construction. Pragma drainage pipes are made of a special type of polyethylene, which perfectly withstands strong mechanical influences, powerful drains and is capable of operating in a wide temperature range, from -60 0 С to +100 0 С. Such characteristics give such products a great advantage over pipes made of polyvinyl chloride.
Due to their high ring stiffness, such pipes are simply irreplaceable when laying systems in especially difficult conditions. The installation of pipes is quite simple, they can well be used in tandem with drainage pipes made of other materials, including HDPE and PVC pipes, sewer smooth-walled routes, polymer and concrete wells. in the process of assembling a drainage system from such pipes, the use of special construction equipment is not required, which has a positive effect on the cost of installation work.
Drainage pipes "Softrock"
The manufacturing technology of these products belongs to the foreign company SoftRock. The main use is closed drainage systems of septic tanks, basements, foundations, land plots... Simple and quick installation of products with unified system allowed to quickly gain popularity. The main element of the SoftRock drainage system is a flexible perforated pipe with polystyrene foam filler of domestic or foreign production. This avoids the use of gravel when laying the pipe and makes the drainage system more efficient.
Drain for storm sewer
To drain melt and rainwater from the foundation and basement of the building, stormwater pipes are used. When arranging aboveground or underground storm sewer together with pipes, gutters, trays and storm water inlets are installed. Such systems allow you to protect the building from the negative effects of water and extend its life.
The materials used for these purposes must be particularly durable, resistant to ultraviolet radiation and various mechanical influences, withstand temperature changes and not react to chemical elements that may be present in precipitation.
Drains, in most cases, are equipped with cast iron, polymer and reinforced concrete pipes. At the same time, it is important to take into account the volume of passing water; with the correct selection of the diameter of the product, overflow of the storm drain can be prevented.
Drains for groundwater drainage
IN common system drainage drains for groundwater drainage perform the main function. With their help, water is collected and diverted outside the perimeter of the site. In this way, the problem of high soil moisture, dampness in the underground and basements, the appearance of mold and permafrost is solved. As a result, there are no puddles and ice on the paved surfaces, and the decay of the roots of the vegetation on the site stops.
In some cases, waterproofing surfaces is not able to completely solve the problem of high humidity. In such a situation, the solution will be the arrangement of an effective drainage system. Before choosing a structure, you should study the features of the soil; for the smooth operation of the system, it is necessary to determine the depth of the pipe laying.
It is important to observe the following conditions:
- The drainage pipe should be located below the level of soil freezing.
- The drainage should run 50 cm below the foot of the foundation.
Self-laying drainage pipes
Groundwater accumulated in a large number, can cause the destruction of buildings erected on the site. The result of their impact can be untimely shrinkage of the house, distortion of the roof, doors and walls. Elevated level humidity negatively affects the health of residents. Installation of the simplest drainage system will avoid all of these problems.
The work process is as follows:
- First, prepare the ditch... To do this, the places where the pipes pass and the location of the collector well are marked on the site. In the process of digging trenches, the slope towards the water intake is necessarily controlled, so that later the slope of the drainage pipe is in the right direction. In the finished trench, the bottom is equipped, creating a cushion of sand and gravel. Then geotextiles and drains are laid separately or some drains in a geotextile braid.
- At the next stage, the system is assembled.... Pipes and connecting elements are laid in a ditch and connected in series. At the end of the installation work, the slope is checked using a construction cord or ordinary rope. Inspection wells are installed in the turning points of the system. To connect individual drainage elements, use a special adhesive, heat welding or compressor fittings and couplings. In any case, the connection must be completely sealed.
- At the end, backfill with soil... Having checked the system performance, you can start backfilling the pipes with earth, gravel and sand. Crushed stone is poured over the pipe in the first layer, then a small layer of sand and the backfill is completed slightly above ground level.
Methods for cleaning drain pipes
To maintain the performance of the drainage system, it is necessary to regularly clean the drains. To do this, use the following methods:
- Mechanical cleaning... In this case, a pneumatic unit is used, which is equipped with a cleaning roller and a nozzle for crushing lime build-ups.
- Hydrodynamic cleaning... This method involves the use of a pump, hose and compressor, therefore it is considered more efficient.
What is the diameter of the drainage pipe to choose for lowering the groundwater?
There is a lot of information on the purpose of drainage on the Internet now, so I don't really want to describe the same thing several times. By and large, everyone decides on their own - he needs drainage in order to save the foundation, and the house as a whole, from dampness, cracks, or to apply the saying “enough for our century”.
Experience in lowering groundwater, wastewater disposal for more than 20 years, so I do not want to convince, but just give examples and some comparisons.
What kind of drainage pipe to choose - with a diameter of 63mm., Or 110mm.
Let us turn to the school curriculum and find a table in which the parameters of the water consumption are indicated with the conditional diameter of the pipe passage equal to 63 mm.
It turns out that a drainage pipe with a diameter of 63 mm., Is able to pass from 12 to 15m3 water in hour... , per day, respectively, at least 288m3., Water.
Considering that not a single soil vein gives such a head of the duct underground at such a speed, we conclude that lowering the ground water along the foundation is quite enough to use a drainage pipe with a nominal passage of 63 mm.
From my own experience, I can say that after the installation of the drainage system is completed, the largest water pressure is 1/3 of the diameter of the laid drainage pipe.