How many cast iron batteries are needed per square meter. Calculation of heating radiators: by area, by volume, depending on the temperature regime

Every person at least once in his life is faced with the problem of organizing the heating of his home. This may be due to the construction of a house, renovation of the purchased apartment, or the need to fix an existing heating system.

The technology of soldering PVC pipes made it possible to abandon communications made with the use of steel structures. This technology also made it possible to abandon labor-intensive gas welding processes, and made it possible to carry out many water supply, heating and drainage works on our own.

If it becomes necessary to do the work on heating the room with your own hands, the question arises of how to calculate the heating radiators. This will require the solution of a complex set of tasks, including the choice of a heating scheme, the determination suitable material radiator, room assessment and many other factors affecting the final result of the calculation.

The correctness of the decisions made will be clear when the system starts operating during the heating season. How to avoid unnecessary costs and ensure comfort in the room during the cold season, as well as what factors need to be considered when designing a heating system, it is recommended to find out in advance.

How to calculate the number of radiators

The calculation of the number of heating radiators can be done in three ways:

Determination of the required heating system based on the area of the heated room.
Calculation of the required sections of the radiator based on the volume of the room.
The most complex, but at the same time the most accurate calculation method, which takes into account the maximum number of factors affecting the creation of a comfortable temperature in the room.

Before dwelling on the above calculation methods, one cannot ignore the radiators themselves. Their ability to convey thermal energy media environment, as well as power, depend on the material from which they are made. In addition, radiators differ in resistance (ability to resist corrosion), have different maximum permissible operating pressure and weight.

Since the battery consists of a set of sections, it is necessary to take into account the types of materials from which the radiators are made, to know their positive and negative qualities. The material chosen will determine how many battery sections you need to install. Now there are 4 types of heating radiators on the market. These are cast iron, aluminum, steel and bimetallic structures.

Cast iron radiators perfectly accumulate heat, withstand high pressure and have no restrictions on the type of coolant. But at the same time, they are heavy and require special attention to the fasteners. Steel radiators have a lower weight compared to cast iron, work at any pressure and are the most budget option, but their heat transfer coefficient is lower than that of all other batteries.

Aluminum radiators give off heat well, they are light, have a reasonable price, but they do not tolerate high pressure of the heating network poorly. Bimetallic radiators took the best from steel and aluminum radiators, but have the highest price among the options presented.

It is believed that the power of one section of a cast iron battery is 145 W, an aluminum one - 190 W, a bimetallic one - 185 W and a steel one - 85 W.

The way in which the structure is connected to the heating network is of great importance. The calculation of the power of heating radiators directly depends on the methods of supplying and removing the coolant, and this factor also affects the number of heating radiator sections required for normal heating of a given room.

Area calculation

This method can be called the simplest, average way to calculate the required number of batteries in a room. It allows you to quickly determine the required number of heating radiator sections.

The calculation by area implies that in a standard living room located in the middle climatic zone, 100 W of heating power is required per 1 m² of area. By multiplying the area of the room by the required heat transfer, we get the total power of the battery that needs to be installed in this room.

Having decided on the material from which the structure will be made, and knowing the power of one section, you can easily calculate the required amount. For example, to heat a room with an area of 24 m², we need: 24 m² x 100 W / 190 W (power of one aluminum section) = 2400/190 = 12.63 sections aluminum radiator... We always round up and get 13 sections in the battery.

The manufacturer indicates the weight of one section, the volume of the coolant in it and the linear parameters. From these data, the overall dimensions of the battery itself and its weight are determined, but at the same time it is necessary to add the weight of the working coolant.

It must be borne in mind that the calculation of power for square meter the premises are not very accurate. Different ceiling heights also mean different volumes of air that need to be heated. To take this value into account, it is better to use the following calculation method.

Calculation by the volume of the room

This method takes into account more parameters, but as a result it also gives average values. It is based on the SNiP norm, according to which 41 W of heating capacity of the heating battery is required to heat 1 m³ of the room.

Multiplying the ceiling height of the room by its area and multiplying the resulting value by 41 W, you can get the required battery power. After performing calculations according to the above formula and choosing the material from which the radiator section is made, the desired value is determined.

Calculation example

The listed methods do not take into account the individual characteristics of each house, the climatic zone, the way the battery is installed, and other important factors that can significantly affect the final result. If it is necessary to accurately determine the power of the heating radiator, it is necessary to take into account the correction factors that contain these factors. It is recommended to use the following correction factors for the calculation:

A1 - takes into account heat loss through the windows of the room. The value of the A1 coefficient ranges from 1.27 to 0.85, where the first value corresponds to a standard window with two glass panes, and 0.85 to a plastic window with a triple glass unit.
A2 - takes into account heat loss through the walls of the room and depends on the materials of the walls. A2 is taken equal to 1.27 for low thermal insulation and 0.85 for good. The unit will correspond to the average heat loss through the walls.
A3 - takes into account the climatic zone and low temperature environment... This coefficient is in the range of 1.5 (winters with temperatures of -40 ° C and below) and 0.7 (the temperature in winter does not fall below -10 ° C).
A4 - takes into account the percentage of glazing relative to the total area of all external walls of the room. The values of this coefficient are in the range from 1.2 (50% of windows) to 0.8 (windows occupy 10% of the area outer walls).
A5 - this value takes into account the number of external walls in one room. 1.1 - one wall and 1.4 - four walls of the room, which are in contact with the open space.
A6 - allows you to take into account the temperature of the room located above. If the value is 1.0, this is an unheated room and 0.8 is a well-heated residential apartment.
A7 - since the general formula will be based on calculating the required radiator sections per unit area, this coefficient takes into account the height of the heated room. With a ceiling height of 2.5 m, we take a correction factor of 1.0. With a height of 3.2 m, it is 1.1, and with a height of over 4 m - 1.2 or more.

The final formula for the exact calculation of the thermal power required to heat the room will look like this: P = S * 100 * A1 * A2 * A3 * A4 * A5 * A6 * A7, where

P is the heat in W required to heat the room;
100 - the number of W per unit area (W / m2),
A1-A7 - correction factors.

Calculation of battery power in a room of a panel multi-storey building in the middle zone of the Russian Federation with an area of 20 m2 and one standard plastic window will look like this: P = 20 * 100 * 1 * 1.15 * 1 * 1 * 1.1 * 0.8 * 1 = 2024 W.

If it is planned to install cast iron radiators in this room, then 2024 W / 145 W = 13.9 pcs., Round up to 14 pcs.

Is it possible to save

The organization of heating in the house is a costly business, but it is possible to save money when calculating the sections. The above methods use averaged data over the capacity of one section. A large assortment of heating radiators from different manufacturers and size differences can greatly affect the number of batteries required. To do this, it is necessary to clarify in the store the passport capacity of the required sample and use the specified data in the calculation.

Significant savings are possible when choosing a rational connection of the battery to the heating system. The specified passport values mean the efficiency of the assembled battery is 100%, but in reality different types connections can significantly reduce this figure.

Taking into account the most accurate data on the heated room and characteristics from the manufacturer for the specified type of battery, you can rationally use financial investments, avoiding the purchase of unnecessary radiator sections.

Cast iron radiators are prized for their reliability, unpretentiousness, simplicity of design.

They have high resistance to corrosion and are irreplaceable in open systems with a high oxygen content in water.

Thermal inertia of cast iron heating devices ensures stability temperature regime indoors with sharp fluctuations in the parameters of the coolant in centralized heating systems.

When calculating the required amount sections enjoy two ways -simplified and precise.

Simplified method for calculating the number of sections of cast iron batteries

Exists multiple formulas to calculate the number of heating radiators.

Per square meter of area, table

The technique is based on the statement that for heating 1 m² living space of a room in central Russia is necessary 100 watts thermal power of the heating device.

Photo 1. A variant of calculating the number of cast-iron radiators per square meter of area in a residential building.

Number of radiator sections calculated by the formula (1):

N = (100 NS S)/Q (1)

N
S- room area, m²;
Q- heat dissipation one section, Tue

At non-standard coolant temperatures

The thermal power of one section of the radiator is indicated in the passport for standard values of the temperature at the inlet Tpod = 90 ° C and device output Tobr = 70 ° C.

If in the heating system of a private house the temperature of the coolant has other values, then the heat transfer of the section Q calculated by formula (2):

Q = K NS ∆ T(2)

K- reduced coefficient, depending on the physical characteristics of the radiator section;
∆ T- temperature difference, calculated by formula (3):

∆ T= 0,5 NS ( Tpod + Tobr) — Tpom(3)

Tpod- temperature at the inlet of the heating device;
Tobr- outlet temperature;
Tpom- the required temperature in the room ( 20 ° C).

Calculation of the value Q at the given temperatures of the coolant at the inlet and outlet of the heating device, it is performed in the following sequence:

The value of the reduced coefficient is calculated TO from formulas (2), (3) for known passport values Q with standard Tpod = 90 ° C, Tobr = 70 ° C.
The difference is determined ∆ T according to the formula (3) for real parameters Tpod and Tobr.
Calculated Q according to the formula (2).

Photo 2. Cast iron radiator installed in a residential area. The device is decorated with decorative forging.

For non-standard ceiling heights

Formula 1) valid at standard room height - from 2.5 to 3 m... For other values of the height of the room use by formula (4):

N = (H NS Y NS S)/Q (4)

N- number of sections (rounded to the nearest whole number);
H- room height, m;
Y- power density equal to 41 W / m³ for panel houses reinforced concrete or 34 W / m³ for brick buildings or private houses with external insulation;
S- area of the room, m²;
Q- heat transfer of one section, W.

How to accurately calculate the number of heating radiators?

The basis methodology taken formula (1) with coefficients that take into account the climatic features of the area and the parameters of the building structures, on which the heat loss in the calculated room depends.

Number of radiator sections N with an accurate calculation, it is determined by formula (5):

N = K1 NS K2 NS K3 NS K4 NS K5 NS K6 NS K7 NS K8 NS K9 NS K10 NS ( 100 NS S)/Q (5)

N- number of sections (rounded to the nearest whole number);
S- room area, m²;
Q-thermal power one section, Tue
K1…K10 correction factors.

K1 - for the number of external walls in the room

Coefficient K1 is equal to:

0,8 - the room is internal;
1,0 - room with one outside wall;
1,2 - corner room - two partitions with the street;
1,4 - three walls to the street.

K2 - for orientation to the cardinal points

The degree of their heating by the sun's rays depends on the location of the outer partitions in the room. Coefficient K2 is equal to:

1,1 - external walls are oriented to the east or north;
1,0 - the walls of the room "look" to the west or south.

K3 - on the degree of wall insulation

The thermal resistance of the wall depends on the characteristics of the insulation, which affects the heat loss of the room. Coefficient K3 is equal to:

1,27 - outer wall not insulated;
1,0 - partitions of a room in two bricks without insulation;
0,85 - a wall with insulation, the calculated value of the thermal resistance of the entire wall complies with the norms of SNiP.

Verification of compliance with SNiP norms of thermal resistance of a wall, as a multilayer structure, is performed in the following sequence:

For each layer, its own thermal resistance is calculated R i by formula (6):

R i = h / λ (6)

h- layer thickness, m;
λ - coefficient of thermal conductivity of one layer.

The obtained values of the resistances of all layers are summed up.
The calculated amount is compared with the localized value.

K4 - on the peculiarities of the climatic conditions of the region

This coefficient depends on the climate zone in which the house is located. Depending on the average temperature Tcr for the five coldest winter days coefficient K4 is equal to:

1,5 : Tav ≤ -35 ° C;
1.3: -30 ° C≥Tav> -35 ° C;
1.2: -25 ° C≥ Tav> -30 ° C;
1.1: -20 ° C≥ Tav> -25 ° C;
1.0: -15 ° C≥Tav> -20 ° C;
0.9: -10 ° C≤Tav> -15 ° C;
0,7: Tcr> -10 ° C.

K5 - coefficient of ceiling height

Depending on the height N ceilings of the room the value of the coefficient K5 is equal to:

1,0: H < 2.7 m;
1.05: 2.7m ≤ H < 3.0 m;
1.1: 3.0m ≤ H < 3.5 m;
1.15: 3.5m ≤ H < 4.0 m;
1,2: H ≥ 4.0 m.

K6 - for the type of premises located above

Coefficient value K6 is equal to:

1,0 - on top of the room - an uninsulated attic or roof;
0,9 - above the room - a warmed attic;
0,8 - the upper room is heated.

K7 - on the types of installed windows

Depending on the type of glazing, the coefficient K7 is equal to:

1,27 - wooden windows double glazed;
1,0 - plastic or wooden windows modern design with a single-chamber double-glazed window;
0,85 - double-glazed windows, number of cameras more than one.

K8 - on the glazing area

Calculation of the coefficient K8:

Calculate the total area of all windows in the room.
Divide the resulting number by the area of the room, get the reduced value Spr.

Depending on the value Spr coefficient value K8 is equal to:

0,8: 0 0,1;
0,9: 0,11 0,2;
1,0: 0,21 0,3;
1,1: 0,31 0,4;
1,2: 0,41 0,5.

When installing and replacing heating radiators, the question usually arises: how to correctly calculate the number of heating radiator sections so that the apartment is cozy and warm even in the coldest season? It is not difficult to make the calculation yourself, you just need to know the parameters of the room and the power of the batteries of the selected type. For corner rooms and rooms with ceilings above 3 meters or panoramic windows, the calculation is slightly different. Let's consider all calculation methods.

Premises with standard ceiling heights

Calculation of the number of heating radiator sections for typical house conducted based on the area of the rooms. The area of a room in a typical building is calculated by multiplying the length of the room by its width. Heating 1 square meter requires 100 watts of power heater, and to calculate the total power, you need to multiply the resulting area by 100 watts. The resulting value indicates the total output of the heater. The documentation for a radiator usually indicates the heat output of one section. To determine the number of sections, you need to divide the total power by this value and round the result up.

Calculation example:

A room with a width of 3.5 meters and a length of 4 meters, with a normal ceiling height. The power of one radiator section is 160 W. Find the number of sections.

Determine the area of the room by multiplying its length by width: 3.5 4 = 14 m 2.
We find the total power of heating devices 14 100 = 1400 W.
Find the number of sections: 1400/160 = 8.75. We round towards a larger value and we get 9 sections.

For rooms located at the end of the building, the estimated number of radiators must be increased by 20%.

Premises with a ceiling height of more than 3 meters

The calculation of the number of sections of heating devices for rooms with a ceiling height of more than three meters is based on the volume of the room. Volume is the area multiplied by the height of the ceilings. To heat 1 cubic meter of a room, 40 W of the heating power of the heater is required, and its total power is calculated by multiplying the volume of the room by 40 W. To determine the number of sections, this value must be divided by the capacity of one section according to the passport.

Calculation example:

A room with a width of 3.5 meters and a length of 4 meters, with a ceiling height of 3.5 meters. The power of one radiator section is 160 watts. It is necessary to find the number of heating radiator sections.

You can also use the table:

As in the previous case, for corner room this figure must be multiplied by 1.2. It is also necessary to increase the number of sections if the room has one of the following factors:

Located in a panel or poorly insulated house;
Located on the first or last floor;
Has more than one window;
Located next to unheated premises.

In this case, the resulting value must be multiplied by a factor of 1.1 for each of the factors.

Calculation example:

Corner room with a width of 3.5 meters and a length of 4 meters, with a ceiling height of 3.5 meters. panel house, on the ground floor, has two windows. The power of one radiator section is 160 W. It is necessary to find the number of heating radiator sections.

We find the area of the room by multiplying its length by width: 3.5 4 = 14 m 2.
We find the volume of the room by multiplying the area by the height of the ceilings: 14 3.5 = 49 m 3.
We find the total power of the heating radiator: 49 40 = 1960 W.
Find the number of sections: 1960/160 = 12.25. Round up and get 13 sections.
We multiply the resulting amount by the coefficients:

Corner room - coefficient 1.2;

Panel house - coefficient 1.1;

Two windows - coefficient 1.1;

First floor - coefficient 1.1.

Thus, we get: 13 · 1.2 · 1.1 · 1.1 · 1.1 = 20.76 sections. We round them up to a larger whole number - 21 sections of heating radiators.

When calculating, it should be borne in mind that Various types heating radiators have different heat output... When choosing the number of heating radiator sections, it is necessary to use exactly those values that correspond.

In order for the heat transfer from the radiators to be maximized, it is necessary to install them in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations, observing all the distances specified in the passport. This contributes to a better distribution of convective currents and reduces heat loss.

At the stage of preparation for capital repair work and in the process of planning the construction of a new house, it becomes necessary to calculate the number of heating radiator sections. The results of such calculations allow us to find out the number of batteries, which would be enough to provide an apartment or house with sufficient heat, even in the coldest weather.

The calculation procedure can vary depending on many factors. Check out the quick instructions for typical situations, calculating for non-standard rooms, as well as with the procedure for performing the most detailed and accurate calculations, taking into account all sorts of significant characteristics of the room.

Heat transfer indicators, the shape of the battery and the material of its manufacture - these indicators are not taken into account in the calculations.

Important! Do not perform the calculation at once for the whole house or apartment. Take a little more time and do the calculations for each room separately. This is the only way to get the most reliable information. At the same time, in the process of calculating the number of battery sections for heating a corner room, 20% must be added to the final result. The same stock must be thrown on top if there are interruptions in the heating operation or if its efficiency is not enough for high-quality heating.

Let's start by looking at the most commonly used calculation method. It can hardly be considered the most accurate, but in terms of ease of implementation, it definitely breaks ahead.

According to this "universal" method, 100 W of batteries are needed to heat 1 m2 of floor space. In this case, the calculations are limited to one simple formula:

K = S / U * 100

In this formula:

For example, consider the procedure for calculating the required number of batteries for a room with dimensions of 4x3.5 m.The area of such a room is 14 m2. The manufacturer claims that each section of the battery it produces produces 160W of power.

We substitute the values in the above formula and we find that 8.75 radiator sections are needed to heat our room. We round, of course, upwards, i.e. to 9. If the room is corner, add 20% stock, round again, and we get 11 sections. If in work heating system problems are observed, add another 20% to the originally calculated value. It will turn out to be about 2. That is, in total, 13 battery sections will be needed to heat a 14-meter corner room in conditions of unstable operation of the heating system.

Approximate calculation for standard rooms

A very simple calculation option. It is based on the fact that the size heating batteries serial production is practically the same. If the room height is 250 cm (the standard value for most living quarters), then one section of the radiator can heat 1.8 m2 of space.

The area of the room is 14 m2. For the calculation, it is enough to divide the area value by the previously mentioned 1.8 m2. The result is 7.8. Round up to 8.

Thus, in order to warm up a 14-meter room with a 2.5-meter ceiling, you need to buy an 8-section battery.

Important! Do not use this method when calculating a low power unit (up to 60 W). The margin of error will be too large.

Calculation for non-standard rooms

This calculation option is suitable for non-standard rooms with too low or too high ceilings. The calculation is based on the statement that about 41 W of battery power is needed to warm up 1 m3 of living space. That is, the calculations are performed according to a single formula that looks like this:

A = Bx 41,

A - the required number of sections of the heating battery;
B is the volume of the room. It is calculated as the product of the length of the room by its width and height.

For example, consider a room 4 m long, 3.5 m wide and 3 m high. Its volume will be 42 m3.

We calculate the total heat demand of this room by multiplying its volume by the previously mentioned 41 W. The result is 1722 watts. For example, let's take a battery, each section of which produces 160 watts of thermal power. We calculate the required number of sections by dividing the total heat demand by the power value of each section. That's 10.8. As usual, round to the nearest higher integer, i.e. until 11.

Important! If you bought batteries that are not divided into sections, divide the total heat demand by the capacity of the whole battery (indicated in the accompanying technical documentation). So you will find out the required amount of heating.

Calculation of the required number of radiators for heating

The most accurate calculation option

From the above calculations, we saw that none of them is perfectly accurate, since even for identical rooms, the results, albeit slightly, are still different.

If you need maximum precision in your calculations, use the following method. It takes into account many factors that can affect heating efficiency and other significant indicators.

In general, the calculation formula is as follows:

T = 100 W / m2 * A * B * C * D * E * F * G * S,

where T is the total amount of heat required to heat the room in question;
S is the area of the heated room.

The rest of the coefficients need more detailed study. So, coefficient A takes into account the peculiarities of the glazing of the room.

The values are as follows:

1.27 for rooms whose windows are glazed with just two panes;
1.0 - for rooms with double-glazed windows;
0.85 - if the windows are triple-glazed.

Coefficient B takes into account the peculiarities of the insulation of the walls of the room.

The dependency is as follows:

if the insulation is ineffective, the coefficient is taken equal to 1.27;
at good insulation(for example, if the walls are lined with 2 bricks or are purposefully insulated with a high-quality heat insulator), a coefficient equal to 1.0 is used;
with a high level of insulation - 0.85.

The C factor indicates the ratio of the total area window openings and floor surfaces in the room.

The dependency looks like this:

with a ratio equal to 50%, the coefficient C is taken as 1.2;
if the ratio is 40%, a ratio of 1.1 is used;
when the ratio is equal to 30%, the value of the coefficient is reduced to 1.0;
in the case of an even lower percentage, coefficients equal to 0.9 (for 20%) and 0.8 (for 10%) are used.

The D coefficient indicates the average temperature during the coldest period of the year..

The dependency looks like this:

if the temperature is -35 and below, the coefficient is taken equal to 1.5;
at temperatures up to -25 degrees, a value of 1.3 is used;
if the temperature does not drop below -20 degrees, the calculation is carried out with a coefficient equal to 1.1;
residents of regions in which the temperature does not fall below -15, a coefficient of 0.9 should be used;
if the temperature in winter does not drop below -10, count with a factor of 0.7.

The E factor indicates the number of exterior walls.

If there is only one outside wall, use a factor of 1.1. With two walls, increase it to 1.2; with three - up to 1.3; if the outer walls are 4, use a factor of 1.4.

Factor F takes into account the features of the above room... The dependence is as follows:

if there is an unheated one above attic, the coefficient is taken equal to 1.0;
if the attic is heated - 0.9;
if the upstairs neighbor is a heated living room, the coefficient can be reduced to 0.8.

And the last coefficient of the formula - G - takes into account the height of the room.

The order is as follows:

in rooms with ceilings 2.5 m high, the calculation is carried out using a coefficient equal to 1.0;
if the room has a 3-meter ceiling, the coefficient is increased to 1.05;
with a ceiling height of 3.5 m, count with a factor of 1.1;
rooms with a 4-meter ceiling are calculated with a coefficient of 1.15;
when calculating the number of battery sections for heating a room with a height of 4.5 m, increase the factor to 1.2.

This calculation takes into account almost all existing nuances and allows you to determine the required number of sections of the heating unit with the smallest error. In conclusion, you just have to divide the calculated indicator by the heat transfer of one section of the battery (check in the attached passport) and, of course, round off the found number to the nearest integer value upward.

There are no problems with the choice of heating radiators today. Here you have cast iron, and aluminum, and bimetallic - choose what you want. However, the very fact of buying expensive radiators of a special design is not a guarantee that your home will be warm. In this case, both quality and quantity play a role. Let's figure out how to correctly calculate heating radiators.

Calculation of the whole head - starting from the area

An incorrect calculation of the number of radiators can lead not only to a lack of heat in the room, but also to excessively large heating bills and too high temperature in the rooms. The calculation should be made both during the very first installation of the radiators and when replacing old system, where, it would seem, everything has been clear for a long time, since the heat transfer of radiators can differ significantly.

Different rooms - different calculations... For example, for an apartment in a multi-storey building, you can get by with the simplest formulas or ask your neighbors about their heating experience. In a large private house, simple formulas will not help - you will need to take into account many factors that are simply absent in city apartments, for example, the degree of house insulation.

The most important thing is not to trust the numbers voiced at random by all kinds of "consultants" who by eye (even without seeing the room!) Tell you the number of sections for heating. As a rule, it is significantly overestimated, which is why you will constantly overpay for excess heat, which will literally go through the open window. We recommend using several methods for calculating the number of radiators.

Simple formulas - for an apartment

Residents of multi-storey buildings can use enough simple ways calculations that are completely unsuitable for a private house. The simplest calculation does not shine with high accuracy, but it is suitable for apartments with standard ceilings no higher than 2.6 m. Please note that a separate calculation of the number of sections is carried out for each room.

It is based on the statement that heating a square meter of a room requires 100 W of the radiator's thermal power. Accordingly, in order to calculate the amount of heat required for a room, we multiply its area by 100 W. So, for a room with an area of 25 m 2, it is necessary to purchase sections with a total power of 2500 W or 2.5 kW. Manufacturers always indicate the heat dissipation of the sections on the packaging, for example, 150 W. Surely you already figured out what to do next: 2500/150 = 16.6 sections

The result is rounded up, however, for the kitchen, you can round it down - in addition to batteries, there will also be a stove and a kettle to heat the air.

You should also take into account the possible heat loss depending on the location of the room. For example, if this is a room located at the corner of a building, then the thermal power of the batteries can be safely increased by 20% (17 * 1.2 = 20.4 sections), the same number of sections will be needed for a room with a balcony. Please note that if you intend to hide radiators in a niche or hide them behind a beautiful screen, then you will automatically lose up to 20% of the thermal power, which will have to be compensated for by the number of sections.

Calculations based on volume - what does SNiP say?

A more accurate number of sections can be calculated taking into account the height of the ceilings - this method is especially relevant for apartments with no standard height rooms, as well as for a private house as a preliminary calculation. In this case, we will determine the heat output based on the volume of the room. According to SNiP, 41 W of thermal energy is required to heat one cubic meter of living space in a standard multi-storey building. This standard value must be multiplied by the total volume that can be obtained, we multiply the height of the room by its area.

For example, the volume of a 25 m 2 room with 2.8 m ceilings is 70 m 3. We multiply this figure by the standard 41 W and get 2870 W. Then we act as in the previous example - we divide the total number of watts by the heat transfer of one section. So, if the heat transfer is 150 W, then the number of sections is approximately 19 (2870/150 = 19.1). By the way, be guided by the minimum heat transfer rates of radiators, because the temperature of the carrier in the pipes rarely meets the requirements of SNiP in our realities. That is, if the radiator data sheet indicates frames from 150 to 250 W, then by default we take the lower figure. If you yourself are responsible for heating a private house, then take the average.

Exact numbers for private houses - we take into account all the nuances

Private houses and large modern apartments do not fall under the standard calculations in any way - there are too many nuances to be taken into account. In these cases, you can apply the most accurate calculation method, in which these nuances are taken into account. Actually, the formula itself is very simple - a student will cope with this, the main thing is to choose the right coefficients that take into account the characteristics of a house or apartment that affect the ability to save or lose thermal energy. So here's our exact formula:

CT = N * S * K 1 * K 2 * K 3 * K 4 * K 5 * K 6 * K 7
CT is the amount of thermal power in W that we need to heat a particular room;
N - 100 W / m2, the standard amount of heat per square meter, to which we will apply decreasing or increasing coefficients;
S is the area of the room for which we will calculate the number of sections.

The following coefficients have both the property of increasing the amount of thermal energy and decreasing, depending on the conditions of the room.

K 1 - we take into account the nature of the glazing of windows. If these are windows with ordinary double glazing, the coefficient is 1.27. Windows with double glazing - 1.0, with triple glazing - 0.85.
K 2 - we take into account the quality of wall insulation. For cold, non-insulated walls, this coefficient is 1.27 by default, for normal thermal insulation (laying in two bricks) - 1.0, for well-insulated walls - 0.85.
K 3 - we take into account the average air temperature at the peak of winter cold. So, for -10 ° C, the coefficient is 0.7. For every -5 ° C, add 0.2 to the coefficient. So, for -25 ° C, the coefficient will be 1.3.
K 4 - we take into account the ratio of the floor and the area of the windows. Starting from 10% (the coefficient is 0.8) for each next 10%, add 0.1 to the coefficient. So, for a ratio of 40%, the coefficient will be 1.1 (0.8 (10%) + 0.1 (20%) + 0.1 (30%) + 0.1 (40%)).
K 5 is a reduction factor that corrects the amount of heat energy taking into account the type of room located above. We take a cold attic per unit, if the attic is heated - 0.9, if the heated living space above the room is 0.8.
K 6 - adjust the result upward, taking into account the number of walls in contact with the surrounding atmosphere. If there is 1 wall - the coefficient is 1.1, if two - 1.2 and so on up to 1.4.
K 7 - and the last factor that corrects the calculations relative to the height of the ceilings. The height of 2.5 is taken as a unit, and for every half meter of height, 0.05 is added to the coefficient.Thus, for 3 meters, the coefficient is 1.05, for 4 - 1.15.

Thanks to this calculation, you will receive the amount of thermal energy that is necessary to maintain a comfortable living environment in a private house or non-standard apartment. It remains only to divide the finished result by the heat transfer value of your chosen radiators to determine the number of sections.

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