Mandarin (Citrus reticulata). Description, types and cultivation of mandarin
Usage. Dessert mandarin fruits, mainly use fresh, as well as for juicing and preserving segments.
Spreading. Individual varieties of mandarin differ sharply in biological characteristics and in relation to growing conditions. Thus, Unshiu citrus is one of the most resistant to cold among all citrus crops. Therefore, it is wide cultivated in areas where frosts are possible in winter (Japan, USSR, northern states of the USA, southern Argentina).
Some types of mandarin are much more than an orange, adapted to the conditions of a humid tropical climate. Best plots for their culture located at an altitude of 500 to 1200 m above sea level. sea with an annual precipitation from 700 to 2500 mm. Tangerine can grow with artificial irrigation in the driest areas, yielding excellent quality fruits, for example in North Africa.
Systematics and origin. Unlike an orange characterized by a great variety of forms, and these forms differ significantly among themselves in formological characteristics and biological characteristics. Most of them arose as a culture in China, Indochina, Japan and the Philippines. In this regard, the taxonomy of mandarin is finally not developed... The Soviet scientist A.I. Luss singles out 13 types mandarin, Japanese citrologist T. Tanaka - 35 .
Description of the plant. Usually trees tangerines are significantly inferior in size to orange, their height is 2-4 m. Often grow in shape bush.
Fruit spherical, slightly depressed, bright orange, with a thin, easily detachable peel, the flesh is sweet, slightly sour, tender. Widespread seedless varieties. The main glycoside is tangerine... The pulp of the fruit contains 7.6-8.3% sugars, 0.7-1.1% acids, 35 mg / 100 g of vitamin C.
Biological features. Like an orange bloom the mandarin in the subtropics and in the monsoon tropical climate mostly happens once a year. Maturation the fruit ends 6-10 months after flowering. In the tropics, there are frequent cases of irregular flowering - 2-3 times a year.
Varieties. Mandarin view unites many pomological groups of populations - Satsuma (which includes Unshiu, Wase, Owari, Ikedu, Zairai, Mikado Mitis, King, Natsudai-dai, Deliciosa - Italian mandarin), Calamondin, Algerian tangerine, once described as Daney's tangerine, etc.
Hybrids mandarins are numerous: tangelo (mandarin x grapefruit) - the fruit tastes like an orange; natsumikan - the same spontaneous hybrid; tangoras (mandarin x orange), this includes the species Citrus nobilis Lour .; tangerine Satsuma and others; citrandarines (mandarin x trifoliate); calamondin (mandarin var. austera x kumquat); ichandarins (ichang x mandarin Satsuma).
In some countries, the names "mandarin" and "tangerine" are synonyms... but tangerines should be called yellow-fruited varieties, and tangerines- intense orange.
Varieties Mandarin is classified as follows:
1. Satsuma group- very hardy and cold-resistant, grow widely in Japan.
2. Tangerines- fruits are yellow or pale orange, for example the Emperor variety from Australia.
3. Tangerines- fruit color from intense orange to red, for example Clementine from Algeria, Daney from the USA.
4. Sour tangerine(Citrus reticulata var. Austera Swing.) And probably the Rangpur lime belong to this group. Sour tangerine is distinguished by fruits with sour pulp. Is happening from China (Guangdong).
5. Most important hybrids: tangelo (Citrus reticulata x C. paradisi) - orange fruits, taste inherited from both parents, for example Coals, which are grown and exported from Jamaica; tangoras (Citrus reticulata x C. sinensis), for example King, which is a type of Citrus nobilis; Ortanike is a typical New World variety.
In the USSR, the most common tangerine unshiu, which is a complex population of various forms and varieties. Basic vigorous varieties: Owari, Sochi-23, Pioneer-80, Michurinets Sukhumsky; dwarf domestic selection: Anaseuli-Saadreo, Kartuli-Saadreo; Japanese Kovano-Wase and Miyagawa-Wase.
Of great interest to the subtropics of the USSR are Japanese dwarf varieties Okitsu-Wase, Myho-Wase, Tiahara-Unshiu, Nankan-Nagahashi-Unshiu, Siguama-Unshiu, Hayashi-Unshiu, Takikawa-Unshiu and Silverhill.
Mandarin Cleopatra, or Reshni, is sometimes cultivated for the fruit, but is mainly used as rootstock in the main citrus growing regions. According to the requirements for soil and climatic conditions, it is similar to a sour orange.
Harvest handling and storage. Tangerine fruits are transported at an air temperature of 2 to 5 ° C in refrigerators, keep at an air temperature of 2 to 6 ° C and a relative air humidity of 85-90%.
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Mandarins and hybrids \ Citrus reticulata \ Citrus deliciosa \ Citrus unshiu
Mandarin "Satsuma" variegated 600 rub
C. unshiu "Foliis variegatis"
A rare, variegated mandarin variety. Fruits are medium to large (for tangerines) in size, juicy, with a good balance of sugar and acids. At the beginning of ripening, they have a striped color, when fully ripe, they acquire a characteristic variety - orange. There are no seeds. The rind is bright orange, easily separated from the pulp, thin.
Mandarin "Miagawa" 500 rub
C. unshiu "Miagawa" \ satsuma "Miagawa"
The variety is very productive, nowadays very widespread and well-known. The fruits are large, pitted, with a thin and smooth skin. Juicy, with a good balance of sugar and acids, sweet, excellent quality. Early ripening variety.
Tangerine "Miagawa" for everyday use 00 500 rub
C. unshiu "Miagawa nucellare" \ "Miagawa 00"
An early ripening mandarin mutation unshiu "Miyagawa", originating from Japan. It ripens 14 days earlier than the usual "Miagawa" - already in the first half of September. Small tree or shrub. Fruits are spherical, sometimes flattened, large, about 130g, with a thin, rich orange, well-peeling peel. The pulp is excellent in taste, low in acid, sweet and very juicy. It consists of 8-10 segments, without seeds. The fruits can hang on the tree for a long time without deterioration in taste.
Mandarin "Abkhazian early ripe" 500 rub
C.unshiu
Grown on the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus. Low-growing trees, leaves 7.0-8.5 cm long, 3-4.5 cm wide, oval or rhombic; petioles are short, bordered. The fruits are large, up to 5.5 cm in diameter, with a thin, bright orange, well-detachable peel and juicy sweet-sour pulp. Fruit ripening begins in mid-October.
Mandarin "Iwasaki" 500 rub
C. unshiu "Iwasaki" \ Satsuma mandarin
It belongs to the group of the earliest ripe tangerines in the world - Iwasaki. The ripening period is from the first decade of September to the first decade of October. It is a mutation of the "Okitsu" mandarin that originated in Japan. A vigorous tree with no thorns. Typical for the Unshiu group "weeping" form of growth. The fruits are of excellent quality, with a harmonious taste.
Mandarin "Hashimoto" 500 rub
C. unshiu "Hashimoto"
It originates in Japan and belongs to the very early maturing Unshiu group of tangerines - "Goko Wase". It was discovered in 1963 by M. Hashimoto as a sport "Matsuyama" in Tomange and Aichi. A dwarf tree or shrub with thorns and elongated, dark green leaves. Requires a minimum amount of soil. Very early into fruiting. Fruits typical of Unshiu, slightly flattened, large (similar to the "Okitsu" fruit). The rind is dark orange, rather thin, easily removable. The pulp is juicy, sweet and aromatic. It is one of the few Unshiu varieties cultivated in Spain, where it ripens from the beginning of September. Therefore, from a commercial point of view, it is more interesting than, for example, "Okitsu" (which has a slightly tastier fruit). The fruits quickly lose quality while remaining on the tree. The variety prefers rather poor sandy soils and thrives in a pot culture.
Mandarin "Xi-Shan" 1200 rub
C. unshiu "Xie Shan" Satsuma mandarin
Xie Shan is a Chinese translation of the original Japanese title "Wakayama". An early ripe variety from China. It has a unique taste and aroma that is different from other Satsum. With the beginning of harvest in mid-September, "Xie Shan" together with "Miagawa" is included in the group of new, completely seedless, super-early Satsum.
Mandarin "Kartuli-Saadreo" 500 rub
C. unshiu "Kartuli Saadreo"
Dwarf variety of domestic selection, prone to vertical growth. Kidney mutation of the "Kovano" variety. High-yielding, early ripening variety, early fruiting. The pulp is sweet, juicy, with a good balance of sugar and acids.
Mandarin "Decopon" \ "Decopan" \ Citrus "Sumo" 2000 rub
Citrus "Sumo" \ tangerine "Shiranui" \ "Dekopon"
"Dekopon" is another name for the "Shiranui" mandarin, a Japanese hybrid of the "Kiyomi" tangor and the "Ponkan" mandarin, a triploid. It is also known as Sumo in the USA and Hallabong in Korea. Also grown in China and Brazil (here called "Kinsei"). It is considered one of the most delicious hybrid tangerines. For a long time it was banned from export from Japan. The plant is medium-sized, erect, branches at a young age have thorns. The leaf is small, with a narrow lionfish. The fruits are large, the size of a grapefruit with a distinct neck. Their surface is rough, orange in color when fully ripe. The taste has a perfect balance of sugar and acid. The variety is late ripening. Ripens in January-March. After shooting, the fruits are recommended to be kept in storage for about 14 more days to improve the taste.
Mandarin "Mandared" 2500 rub
Mandarin "Mandared" \ Red flesh tangerine
Mandared is the first tangerine with red flesh, a new triploid hybrid obtained by crossing Clementine "Nules" "(2x) x Tarocco orange (4x). Tall plant, with a habit of growing in breadth, with medium spines. Elliptical leaves with a pointed tip. , petiole middle length, similar to the stalk "Tarocco".
The taste is intermediate between klmenetin and Tarocco orange. The fruits have absorbed the best characteristics of the parent plants. The shape is flattened, the average weight is about 170 g, the peel is fine-grained, dark orange in color. The pulp is pigmented, sweet, incredibly juicy. For the pulp to acquire an intensely bloody hue, daily temperature fluctuations are necessary. Ripens later, harvesting begins in mid-February and lasts until April.
Mandarin "Yosemite Gold"
C. reticulata "Yosemite Gold TM" (TDE4) \ Mandarin Hybrid
Yosemite Gold TM (TDE4) - hybrid (tangor "Temple" x 4n "Dancy" mandarin) x "Encore" mandarin, triploid. Newly released (2002) mandarin variety developed as part of the UC Riverside Citrus Breeding Program. The tree grows intensively both vertically and in width, has a tendency to alternate fruiting. The large fruits have an attractive, smooth, dark orange peel that is relatively thin. The flesh is pitted, bright orange, finely textured and juicy. The aroma is intense and sweet. The season of "Yosemite Gold" TM (TDE4) is January to mid-March, and the fruits hold well on the tree until April.
Mandarin "Kinnou" 500 rub
C. reticulata "kinnow" \ Ibrid tangor "King" x mandarin "Willowleaf"
Hybrid variety, was bred at the University of California at Riverside (Howard B. Frost Research Center 1915-1925).
"King" x "Mediterranean". It is currently the number one commercial tangerine cultivated in Pakistan (up to 70% of all tangerines), also grown in India, California and Arizona. A tree with an upright growth pattern, branches are thin, long, drooping practically without thorns. Leaves are medium in size, leathery, shiny, shaped like a spearhead. Fruits are medium in size (4.5-7cm), round, slightly flattened, which can weigh up to 70-100g. The rind is thin, very smooth, shiny, tight-fitting. The pulp is very juicy (up to 43%), aromatic and very sweet. The fruit consists of 12 segments with big amount polyembryonic seeds. Ripening periods are usually from December to February, and the fruits can remain on the tree for a long time without loss of quality. The fruit can be found sold under the name "Honey".
Mandarin "Poncan" 1200 rub
C. reticulata "Ponkan"
Fruits are large, from spherical to slightly flattened, with a short neck, often depressed below, with radial grooves, sometimes with a navel. The rind is of medium thickness, slightly adhering to the flesh, relatively smooth, with numerous chippings, orange when ripe. The pulp is orange in color, fragrant, tender, sweet, with a little acid, juicy, melting in the mouth.
Mandarin "Royal" 1200 rub
C. deliciosa "Geleking" \ Citrus nobilis "Geleking" \ "Yellow King"
Synonym for Citrus nobilis "Yellow King". There is little information about this tangerine. Belongs to the so-called group of "noble" tangerines. Most likely from Suriname from the group of Indo-Chinese or Cambodian mandarins. Some characteristics of this mandarin make it possible to say that it is a natural tangor, i.e. a hybrid between tangerine and orange. The fruits of this tangerine are large (the largest tangerines we know). The rind is thick (and very thick as for tangerines), adheres tightly to the flesh, but peels off; the surface is bumpy. Peel color from yellow-orange to orange.
Mandarin "Clemendore"
C. deliciosa "Clemendor"
The plant is vigorous, globular and dense crown, similar to the Mediterranean tangerine plant. The leaves are small and lanceolate. Clemendor needs to be trimmed annually to achieve the stated size. Small-sized fruits have a slightly flattened shape at two poles. They are sweet and very aromatic. The fruits are harvested from January to March, they retain their taste on the tree, remaining juicy, even if they are too ripe and hang on the tree for a long time.
Mandarin "Kami" 500 rub
C. deliciosa "Cami"
A hybrid developed according to a cross-breeding program (targeted cross-breeding with desired characteristics or without undesirable traits ...) obtained in Acireale in 1973 by crossing indicated as follows: mono-embryonic hybrid 50-15 A-6 (C. clementina Comune x C . deliciosa Avana) x Mapo tangelo. (released in 1992 - Italy). The tree is medium in size, the leaves are similar to the "Avana" tangerine (aka "Mediterranean"), the branches are rounded and grow without thorns at the ends. The fruit is spherical, spheroidal, rounded, 6-7 cm in diameter and about 120-150 g in weight, has a very tough, thin and smooth orange peel. The fruits change color at the end of November and can be harvested from mid-December to February-March. The pulp is very juicy, sweet-sour taste, has a pleasant aroma. The plant is sterile, in the absence of cross-pollination, the fruit is without seeds.
Mandarin "Kara"
C. deliciosa "Kara"
It is considered a natural hybrid between the "Owari" tangerine and the "King" tangerine. Early ripening. Sweet taste with moderate acidity, easy to clean. The size depends on the number of fruits on the tree (50-60mm in diameter), there are seeds.
Mandarin "Avano Apirena" 500 rub
C. deliciosa "Avana Apireno"
Fruits from small to medium 4.5-6.5 cm, weight 70-80 g, spherical slightly flattened, with a wrinkled neck. The rind is orange, thin. The pulp is orange-pinkish, juicy, sweet with a pleasant aroma.
Mandarin "Tardivo di Chaculli" \ "Ciaculli" 500 rub
C. deliciosa cv. "Avana Tardivo di Ciaculli"
Late Italian variety, natural mutation of the main variety "Mediterranean", discovered near Palermo. Flattened fruits. The peel is thin, well separated from the pulp, dark orange, with a pronounced aroma of essential oils. The pulp is of the same color, sweet, delicate taste and aroma, small lobules, without seeds. The tree is very graceful, with small leaves, grows evenly.
Mandarin "Tardivo di Chaculli"
C. deliciosa "Avana Tardivo di Ciaculli nucellare" 60-22A-2
Late variety, ripening February-March. The pulp is juicy, aromatic.
Mandarin "Chakulli piccolo" \ "Chiakulli" 500 rub
C. reticulata "Ciaculli piccolo" \ Small Ciaculli mandarin
Ciaculli is a remote suburb of Palermo, Sicily, Italy, located near the suburb of Croceverde. Piccolo = small - small. Tangerines from Chaculli \ Ciaculli are sweet, very aromatic, thin-skinned tangerines, one of the most famous in Sicily. They are grown on only 200 hectares by small-scale farmers. Ciaculli mandarins are listed as one of the Slow Food's unique products.
Mandarin "Pixie" \ Tangerine 500 rub
Citrus reticulata "Pixie" \ C. reticulata "Pix Mandi" \ Pixie tangerines \ Pixie mandarin
Pixie is the result of Kincy (King X Dancy) free pollination that took place in 1927 and was released in 1965. The tree is vigorous, predominantly upright. The fruits are usually spherical or slightly flattened, and sometimes have a neck. The rind is yellow-orange in color and is easy to peel. The pulp is pitted, orange, juicy. The taste is soft and sweet. The fruits ripen at the end of winter and can hang on the tree for a very long time.
Hybrid mandarin "Temple X Dancy" 1200 rub
Temple x dancy mandarin hybrid
The crown is compact, dense, not weeping in shape. Thorns are absent or extremely rare. The lionfish is narrow, the leaf is similar in shape to a tangerine. Fruits are spherical, the skin is thin, slightly rough in texture, orange in color when ripe. The taste is sweet and sour, the seeds are present.
Mandarin "Keraji" 500 rub
C. "Keraji" \ mandarino "Keraji"
Fruits are small to medium-sized, flattened at the poles, grooved underneath. Unlike other tangerines, the peel yellow color... Thin, easy to separate from the pulp. The pulp is amber-yellow, sweet, juicy, with a honey flavor. The variety is early ripening, fruitful.
Mandarin "Cleopatra" 500 rub
C. reshni \ mandarino Cleopatra
Mandarin "Cleopatra" is native to India. The tree is compact, with a rounded crown, without thorns. The leaves are small, narrow. The flowers are white, small. All year round looks very decorative, due to the beautiful lush crown, remontant flowering and fruiting. The fruits are not big size, spherical, strongly flattened above and below, outwardly similar to clementine fruits. The peel is thin, easily separated from the pulp. In an unripe form, the peel is orange-green in color, the pulp is sour in taste, it is better to wait until it is fully ripe. When fully ripe, the peel is orange-red in color. The texture of the pulp is soft and juicy, the taste is sweet and sour, closer to sweet. A remontant variety, it grows well and bears fruit in indoor conditions.
Triploid "Clara" 600 rub
Ibrido triploide "Clara"
Triploid hybrid obtained in 1980 by crossing clementine "Monreal" and orange "Tarocco" tetraploide. The tree is not very vigorous; thorns are occasionally present. Fruits are large, usually obovate, slightly flattened, brightly colored when ripe Orange color... The pulp is slightly pigmented and very juicy, the seeds are absent. The taste is similar to "Tarocco", but sweeter. The main flowering wave in spring, fruit ripening from mid-January to late February.
Triploid "Camel" 600 rub
Ibrido triploide "Camel"
Triploid hybrid of clementine "Nules" and tetraploid mandarin "Avana", obtained in the 1990s in Acireale, from a study begun in 1978. The tree is similar to the "Avana" tangerine, but there are thorns, a more vigorous growth rate. The fruit is medium in size, pale orange, easy to peel. Usually ripens from December to January. The taste is a mixture of Avana tangerine and clementine.
Mandarin "Fremont"
C. deliciosa "Freemont"
Mandarin "Michal"
C. reticulata "Michal"
The Michal Mandarin is considered a natural hybrid of the Commune Clementine and Dancy Tangerine. Ripens from October to December (November to January). The variety is early ripening, fruits of good quality, easy to clean. Among the disadvantages of this variety, its tendency to variable fruiting is noted, small size fruits and a variable number of seeds. Distinctive feature varieties is an obvious dependence of the size of the fruit on their number on the tree. The bright orange fruits are very decorative. The pulp of the fruit also has a bright orange color and a pronounced aroma. The pulp is very tasty and aromatic (juice up to 44%), some acids and a few seeds (on average 6).
Mandarin "Carvalhise"
C. deliciosa "Сarvalhal"
An early variety of hybrid origin, one of the parents called the Mediterranean mandarin (C.deliciosa). Cultivated in Portugal and sometimes exported to European countries. A straight, upright tree with long, pointed leaves. The fruits are medium to large, generally spherical or oval in shape and have a thick, strong, well-fitting orange peel (in ripe fruits). The flesh is very juicy, slightly acidic and contains many polyembryonic seeds. A ripe fruit can hang from a tree for a very long time without any significant loss in quality.
Mandarin "Palazzelli"
C. deliciosa "Palazzelli"
Plant with a dense crown, very vigorous, with small thorns. The leaves are similar to clementine, the flowers are medium-small. The fruit has the shape of an oval, with a roughly wrinkled surface, the average weight is 110-120 g, the size is from medium to large. The peel is of medium thickness, the partitions are thin and tender, on average it consists of 10 segments, the pulp is juicy, with a large number of seeds. Very prolific, with alternating fruiting. Late variety, ripens from February to June.
Mandarin "Nova" \ Clementine "Nova" \ Tangelo "Nova" 500 rub
C. deliciosa "Nova" \ C. clementina "Nova" \ C. tangelo "Nova"
The Nova mandarin is related to the Lee, Osceola and Robinson mandarins. In Europe it is called "Clemenvilla". Hybrid clementine "Fina" and tangelo "Orlando". In 1971 it was brought to Europe, where it was named "Clemenvilla". The tree grows quickly and may have thorns. Medium-sized fruits 110-140 gr. The peel is orange-red in color, smooth, of medium thickness, tightly attached to the flesh. The pulp is bright orange, tender, juicy. The taste is sweet, with a pleasant balance of sugar and acid, with a rich taste. On mixed plantings, fruits may have few seeds. In isolated plantings, fruits are without seeds. Fruit jelly is made of the highest quality with a rich sweet taste.
Mandarin "Pectinata"
C. deliciosa "Pectinata"
Pavlovsky Mandarin 500 rub
(Orange)
Known under the names Pavlovsky tangerine \ Pavlovsky orange. This name is most likely due to the simultaneous similarity of the fruits of the orange with the fruits of orange and tangerine. In fact, the Pavlovian orange refers to oranges, or bitter oranges. Leaves without lionfish look like tangerine leaves. Flowering and fruiting are abundant, remontant. The petals are slightly purple in color. The fruits are bright orange in color, there are many fruits and in appearance / size they are more like mandarin fruits. The peel is easily separated from the pulp. The pulp is fresh and juicy. A bitter taste can be present if there was little sunlight during the ripening process. Thus, the fruits of summer ripening have a sweetish taste, without bitterness.
Mandarin (Citrus reticulata)
Mandarinor Mandarin tree ( Citrus reticulata ) is an evergreen tree of the Rutov family, with a height of 2 to 4 meters. The homeland of mandarin is China, from where the name of the plant comes from. In ancient China, tangerines were called rich officials who could afford to have this beautiful tree.
Currently, tangerines are grown as a fruit crop. The largest producers of tangerines are China, Spain, Brazil and Japan. In the Caucasus, tangerines of the Japanese group are grown.
Mandarins can be successfully grown in a greenhouse, at home, and even in an apartment. For these purposes, tangerine trees are purchased. undersized varieties... The height of such plants is about 1 m, and the flowers tangerine tree, which bloom in spring, exude a very pleasant aroma.
Indoor tangerine - popular varieties:
- Mandarin Winshiu- seedless variety in the open air reaches a height of 2-3 m, in room conditions - 0.8-1.5 m. The variety is frost-resistant, early maturing. Abundant flowering, small white flowers. Fruiting at the age of 3-4 years.
- Mandarin Forged-Wasse- early maturing, undersized variety. In indoor conditions, it reaches 40-80 cm, it is convenient for growing on a windowsill. Fruiting at the age of 2 years. Abundant flowering begins in spring and continues throughout the year. The fruits can remain on the tree for several months.
You can buy a room tangerine Kovano-Vasya in our store
Indoor Mandarin - Care
Lighting.Mandarin is a light-loving plant. Will feel good near the southern, southeastern and eastern windows. In the summer, take it out to the balcony, but shade the tree from direct sunlight in hot weather.
Temperature.In the spring when buds appear on your mandarin, preferably at a temperature of 16-18 ° C. In summer, it is better not to overheat the plant (above 25 ° C), otherwise the flowers may fade and crumble. If possible, place the tangerine in a room with a temperature of 10-14 ° C in winter. He needs a dormant period for high-quality fruiting.
Air humidity. High humidity is important for mandarin. Spray it often and take a warm shower from time to time. Make sure that no water gets on the flowers. If possible, place a pot with a tree in a wide tray with wet expanded clay as follows: place an inverted bowl (lid, tray) in the center of a wider tray, put a pot on this bowl and sprinkle with expanded clay around the edges. Moisten the expanded clay regularly as it dries.
Watering. WITHat the beginning of spring, provide the tangerine with abundant watering with complete wetting of the earthy clod. Water with warm, settled water. From a lack of moisture, the leaves can curl and fall off. Just do not overdo it, from excess water the soil can sour and the roots can rot. Reduce watering in the fall to prepare the plant for wintering. If wintering is not possible, water as the topsoil dries up.
Top dressing. In early summer, start feeding the plant. Organic fertilizers are preferable - diluted in water (1:10) and infused cow dung. During the period when the plant is growing rapidly, feed citrus fertilizers once every 2 weeks.
Transfer. The best time is in the spring, before the plant begins to grow vigorously. Transplant using the transshipment method, i.e. with an earthen lump. At the bottom of the pot, be sure to put drainage from small pieces of red brick or expanded clay.
Transplant young tangerine trees annually. The soil is sod, leafy soil, humus and sand in a ratio of 2: 1: 1: 1. For older adults (over 3 years old), transplant 1 time in 3-4 years. The soil is soddy, leafy soil, humus and sand in a ratio of 3: 1: 1: 1. If it is not possible to prepare the soil yourself - use a store for citrus fruits.
Trimming and shaping. Tangerines do not need much pruning, the crown turns out to be beautiful in itself. Remove dead and strongly stretched branches.
Flowering and fruiting: Indoor tangerines bloom very beautifully, on some varieties (Forged-Vasya) flowers can remain throughout the year. The main flowering occurs in the spring. But in order for your tangerine to feel comfortable, cut off most of the flowers and ovaries. The older the tree, the more fruits it can bear, without being particularly depleted. Count the leaves of your pet, there should be at least 15 leaves for 1 fruit.
Reproduction. Mandarins are propagated by seeds, cuttings and grafting. Cuttings do not take root very well, and the fruits of plants grown from seeds will have to wait a long time.
Diseases and pests. Plants are affected by scale insects, thrips, spider mites.
Plants in winter. V winter period it is better to give the tangerine a rest. Place the tree in a cool (10-14 ° C) room and reduce watering.
Useful properties of mandarin: Mandarin pulp contains vitamins C, P and B1, potassium, carotene, organic acids. Decoctions from mandarin peel are used for coughing, as well as to improve digestion. Mandarin juice has antimicrobial effect.
And the tangerine tree itself looks very beautiful and improves mood by 100%.
PHOTO OF MANDARIN TREE. CLICK ON MINIATURE TO ZOOM PICTURE
This variety is a blend of Clementine and Tangelo mandarin varieties. The peel color of the fruit is deep orange.
It is a cross between an orange and a tangerine, the color of the peel in the fruit of the Honey variety varies from yellow to orange, sometimes it can be green. The taste of this variety is simply excellent, very sweet and juicy. The season for this variety starts in November and ends in January.
Ripe mandarin fruits, mandarin leaves, green small mandarin freshly tied.
This variety of tangerine differs from other varieties by its smooth skin (which is rare in tangerines, as well as in oranges), the color of the peel in the fruit is orange-red.
The fruits of this variety of mandarin differ from other varieties in a very sweet taste, the color of the peel of the fruit is rich orange.
Distinctive feature This type of mandarins is their size, as they are very large, which is usually not the case with other varieties of mandarins. The peel of the fruit has a deep orange color.
This variety belongs to one of the oldest varieties of mandarin, at one time it was very popular. This variety is originally from the state of Florida, appeared in 1867. Now this variety is not in great demand, since when grown it is very sensitive to various diseases. The fruits are very juicy and tasty.
This variety is also known under the name "Algerian Mandarin". Differs in sweet taste, as well as lack of seeds in fruits. The membrane that covers the fruit itself is much thinner than that of other varieties, the texture of the fruit itself is also very fragile. Seasonal time for the Clementino variety starts from November to April. These tangerines are mainly imported from North Africa and Spain.
This variety is a cross between tangerine and grapefruit, it also resembles a pomelo (a pomelo is a large citrus fruit that resembles a grapefruit). The fruit of the Tangelo variety looks like large oranges, outwardly somewhat similar to the popular variety
It tastes like regular tangerine, with a slight grapefruit flavor. The season for this variety starts from November to February.
Quite a well-known variety of tangerines. The fruits have excellent taste, slightly tart. The color of the peel of the fruit is rich orange, rather smooth to the touch.
This variety of mandarins is also known under the name "Royal Mandarin", its fruit is a cross between tangerines and oranges. The fruit contains a lot of seeds, they taste very sweet, juicy, the peel has an orange color. The harvesting season for the "Temple" variety begins in January and ends in March.
The crown is compact, medium-sized flowers about 4 cm in diameter, solitary, in the axils of the leaves. The leaves are small, dense, dark green, lanceolate, 8x3 cm. Fruits are medium-sized, oval-flattened, about 6-7 cm in diameter.
This is a rather strong tree with rather thick branches, does not differ in special branched qualities. With good and proper care a tangerine tree of this variety can grow quite large for the size of the apartment. The foliage on the tree is quite fleshy, even rough, the tree blooms profusely, the fruits are medium in size, the skin color is orange-yellow. A variety of dwarf tangerines (mountain tangerine) in nature up to 1.5 meters high, in an apartment up to 1 m. The leaves are small, lighter and thinner than that of the Unshiu tangerine. Flowers are small, mostly solitary. The main flowering takes place in the spring, but a small number of flowers can be seen on the tree throughout the year. Begins to bear fruit in the 2nd year. From a tree up to 100 fruits, good taste, the size of the fruit of the Gamlin orange. The plant is light-requiring.
Photo of indoor mandarin.
(Citrus clementina) - (tangerine x orange) - with small or medium-sized, flattened, very fragrant orange-red fruits covered with a shiny thin skin (polyspermous clementines are called montreal)
Medium-sized fruits (70-90 g). The top of the fruit is flat, slightly depressed. The rind is relatively thin and separates well from the pulp. 70% of the fruit mass is yellow-orange pulp and pleasant taste. Ripens in early November.
Fruits weighing about 80 g are orange in color. The peel is thin, well separated from the pulp. The pulp of the fruit has a pleasantly sweet taste. Ripens in early November.
Well suited for home cultivation. It is a very productive variety, distinguished by its frost resistance and high yield. The tree of the "Unshiu" variety is rather undersized, the crown is quite spreading, the branches are very thin and flexible, covered with corrugated leaves. This tree branches well, is fast growing, willing and abundant in color. The fruits are pear-shaped, there are no seeds. If the plant is artificially illuminated, growth will be continuous.
This tree is quite compact in size, the foliage is large enough, fleshy, dark green in color. This variety belongs to early varieties mandarin, blooms profusely. The yield of the variety is average, the weight of the fruit can reach up to 30g.
This is an extremely rare mandarin variety that grows in a compact bush. The fruits ripen in summer, the pulp of this tangerine variety is very sweet, reminiscent of the taste of honey.
5. The healing effect of mandarin.
Mandarins are contraindicated for: allergy sufferers (their pollen is very dangerous for them), diabetics, pregnant women and children under 2 years of age.
But they inhibit many viruses, cancer cells, remove heavy metals and radioactive substances from the body. Try tangerine essential oil. Its aroma will cheer you up, restore strength, reduce appetite, improve digestion and metabolism, and enhance immunity.
The cultivation of tangerines has long fascinated humanity. At home, it is an evergreen medium-tall tree with hard leaves of a dark green color.
Like all subtropical crops, mandarin in winter needs a cool content (8-12 degrees Celsius), especially with a lack of light, since under conditions of short daylight hours the plant forms thin weak shoots that must be removed.
Watering:
Water the plant regularly throughout the year, but in moderation when upper layer the soil will dry out slightly. Excess watering leads to the death of the plant, and the lack of moisture - to curling and falling of the leaves.
Mandarin does not like drafts, therefore, when taken out into the air in summer, it must be located in a place protected from the wind. In addition, the plant needs a constant supply of fresh air, what needs to be considered when kept at room, and spraying with water at room temperature.
Top dressing:
Be sure to regularly feed the plant in 10-15 days from the beginning of February to November. With additional lighting, feeding is not stopped in winter, but with half-concentration fertilizer. In the first half of summer, fertilizing watering is used. It increases the sugar content of the fruit and reduces the bitter taste that is characteristic of citrus fruits at room culture. The plant needs more fertilization, the older it is and the longer it is in the same container. Fertilizers are applied after watering. With additional artificial lighting, tangerines in winter also need to be fertilized. Organic fertilizers (slurry from cow dung) and combined fertilizers are recommended for tangerines. mineral fertilizers, you can also buy special fertilizers for citrus fruits in flower shops.
Soil for tangerine
3 parts turf, 1 part leaf, 1 part humus from cow dung, 1 part sand and a small amount of oily clay.
Reproduction:
Mandarin is propagated by air layers, grafting, sometimes cuttings and seeds. Cuttings are taken from shoots with a diameter of 4 mm, which have already finished growing. Thicker cuttings are very difficult to root, thinner ones give little growth or die. The cuttings take root within a month, it is rather difficult, so they are preliminarily kept in a solution of heteroauxin. The necessary rooting conditions are the substrate temperature not lower than 21-22 degrees Celsius, air temperature - 20 degrees Celsius, humidity - 90%.
It is best to plant tangerine in April-May on orange, lemon or orange seedlings that have reached a thickness of 8-10 mm.
This photo shows that on one rootstock, mandarin and lemon are grafted. They fit perfectly on the same barrel.
Other names: noble mandarin, true mandarin, European mandarin; Citrus mandurensis, Citrus nobilis Lour, Citrus reticulata Blanco var. Mandarin.
Botanical reference
Mandarin belongs to the Rutaceae family. It is an evergreen tree that grows up to 6 meters in height with shiny leaves, fragrant flowers and bright edible fruits.
Mandarin fruit is smaller than that of tangerine, less rounded. The satsuma fruit is seedless and has a pale skin. Clementine is a hybrid of orange and tangerine, its fruit is also seedless and is larger than mandarin fruit.
The homeland of the mandarin is China. Mandarin is considered the most common citrus crop in India, China, Japan, South Korea and Japan. The distribution area also includes the Mediterranean (Spain, Morocco, southern France, Algeria, Turkey, Egypt). Tangerines are also grown in Georgia, Abkhazia, Azerbaijan; Argentina, Brazil and USA (Florida).
To obtain essential tangerine oil, the peel of the fruit is cold pressed. The resulting liquid has a dark orange or red-yellow color with bluish fluorescence and a warm fruity-sweet aroma.
Chemical composition
The composition of mandarin oil is rich in the following substances:
- 2% α-pinene;
- 3% β-pinene;
- 2-4% myrcene;
- 9-17% γ-terpinene;
- 65-70% limonene;
- 1-2% decyl aldehyde;
- 0.1% neral;
- methylthymol;
- 0.1% geranial;
- linalyl acetate;
- 0.1% thymol;
- 1% methyl N-methyl anthranilate;
- nutcatone;
- 0.20% α-sinensal.
Mandarin fruits contain vitamins A, B1, B2, B3, B6, C and E.
Mandarin is a source of essential provitamins. It helps to increase the resistance and protective properties of the body, to optimize self-regulation. An irreplaceable product during the period of sun deficiency, stimulating the absorption of vitamins and helping to cope with winter vitamin deficiency.
A slight choleretic effect determines the use of mandarin as a normalizing digestive process, eliminating fermentation and decay in the intestines and cleansing the body of toxins.
Possesses anti-edema properties: prevents the accumulation of excess weight and loss of firmness of the skin of the body.
Improves tissue metabolism and peripheral circulation.
Mandarin is also used to eliminate bleeding and inflammation of the gums.
The festive tangerine scent has a powerful psycho-emotional effect: it revives, awakens and restores vitality after illness or stress, focuses attention on the set goals and stimulates them to achieve them, helps to cope with mental crisis, overwork, tension, fear, grief, irritability and insomnia. The invigorating scent of mandarin has a beneficial effect on nervous system, inspires and at the same time soothes.
The choleretic and decongestant properties of mandarin determine its use as part of the most effective anti-cellulite agents. The action of tangerine is aimed at leveling the relief of the skin of the body, giving it definition to the contours, preventing the appearance of stretch marks and increasing the elasticity of the skin.
Has tangerine and a rejuvenating effect, allowing it to smooth out existing wrinkles, as well as visibly refresh the complexion.
Mandarin can significantly improve the condition of oily and enlarged pores, as well as depleted and "starving" skin lacking nutrients and vitamins. As part of various mixtures, tangerine is responsible for moisturizing and nourishing the skin. Ideal for mixed skin care.
Combined with neroli and lavender, it forms a super effective remedy against stretch marks formed on the body after childbirth.
Internal use (do not use externally!) One or two drops of tangerine oil will help not to burn, get a faster and more beautiful tan and not become a target for ugly age spots.
Mandarin oil is used as a flavoring agent for drinks (white wine, tea); to alter the aroma of other citrus oils (such as sweet orange oil).
Mandarin is also used for the production of exquisite French perfumes (it gives a spectacular fruity-floral note).
For use in aromatherapy machines: 3-5 drops of oil per 15 sq. M.
For aroma medallion: 2-3 drops.
Bath: 3 to 5 drops.
For the massage procedure: 6-7 drops per 15 g of base oil.
Also used for cold inhalation for 5 to 7 minutes.
For adding to cosmetics: 5-8 drops of oil per 15 g of base.
For gum applications: Mix 5 drops of oil with 10 g of rosehip oil or wheat germ oil.
To remove toxins (1-2 times a month): try not to eat for 18-20 hours. In the morning, take 3 drops of tangerine oil, in the afternoon - 4 k. + Half a tsp. honey. Drink with acidified water. During the day, do not drink tea or coffee; in the evening, have a light dinner. Regular repetition of this technique will cleanse the body, as well as reduce weight.
Inside, it is useful to use tangerine oil along with jam, honey, biscuit, cookies (three times a day, one drop). Drink butter with tea, kefir, juice, yogurt.
Also used to add exquisite flavor to salads, chicken and duck dishes, mayonnaise and pastries, as well as juices, wine and mulled wine.
Be careful when using: do not apply a mixture with tangerine oil to the skin (as well as make compresses, take baths and massage procedures) immediately before exposure to the sun!
Mandarin oil can go bad quickly - store it in a tightly closed container in the refrigerator.
A contraindication is the presence of individual intolerance to citrus fruits.
Application to the skin is accompanied by a slight burning sensation and redness lasting 2-3 minutes. This is a natural reaction.
Combines with bergamot, sandalwood and cardamom (avoid sun exposure) to form a memory enhancer and restorer.
Complimentary scents include patchouli, neroli, bergamot, vetiver, spruce, basil, bigardia, limette, cloves, ylang-ylang, cinnamon, marjoram, nutmeg, mint and lemon balm.
Store in an airtight container for up to 24 months.