Perennial herb with an underground tuber of the primrose family. Homeland - Asia Minor, Greece, Southern Europe, Crimea. Grows wild in Greece, Palestine, Syria.

About 10 species are found in the Crimea and the Caucasus. Delicate cyclamen with flaming flowers are sometimes called "dryakva", "pork bread", alpine violet. Leaves are entire, rounded-reniform, with a heart-shaped base, on long reddish-brown petioles.

The leaf blade is dark green above, with a beautiful light pattern, reddish-purple below. The flowers are small, delicate lilac color pink, with a strong pleasant smell. The vibrant exotic flowers are reminiscent of tropical butterflies. Persian cyclamen and its polyhybrid forms are cultivated in the rooms.

Cyclamen blooms profusely, from early spring to late autumn.

The conditions of detention are relatively undemanding. In summer, a semi-shady place, fresh air, and abundant watering are needed. In winter - a bright cool room and occasional watering.

After rest (dormant period - summer) leaves grow from the tuber on long petioles, in late autumn flower stalks appear, at the top of which they form large flowers with pointed curved petals.

The main condition for the correct maintenance of cyclamen in the room is a cold atmosphere, which can be created by placing the plant between double window frames or in a cool window greenhouse, fenced off from the battery and room air by glass or film. Blooming cyclamen watered sparingly around the edge of the pot and fertilized.

At the end of flowering, watering should be gradually reduced, and after the leaves have fallen off, remove the tuber for a dormant period in a dark place. The tuber needs to be moistened occasionally; at the beginning of July, watering should be increased again, in addition, the cyclamen should be sprayed 2-3 times during the day.

In early September, transfer the plant to fresh soil or limit the extraction of soil from the surface, exposing the top of the tuber.

It is better to take the land loose, nutritious, composed of equal parts of humus mixed with leafy, light soddy soil and sand. After transplanting, transfer the pots to a bright place, protecting them from direct sunlight.

With proper care, cyclamen will bloom well for many years. It is propagated by seeds (less often by dividing the tuber), but it is difficult to do this in indoor conditions, therefore it is recommended to purchase already flowering plants.

Transplanted before the start of growth at the end of March, while separating the young bushes formed on the rhizome for reproduction. Cut flowers and leaves can stand in vases of water for a long time.

Cyclamen European combines whole line decorative properties: abundant flowering, grace and delicate aroma of flowers, the beauty of numerous painted leaves, which makes it possible to use it in the decoration of premises both in a blossoming state and after flowering. Cut flowers and leaves are excellent material for miniature bouquets and flower arrangements.

They look like butterflies fluttering over silvery green foliage. In European gardens, cyclamens are planted under large trees - they bring light and play to the shady twilight, while in our country they are more often grown as indoor plants.

Some people think that after flowering they are thrown away, but this is a misconception. Cyclamen is a perennial plant, and if properly cared for, it will delight you with its flowers for a long time.

The Eastern Mediterranean is considered the birthplace of cyclamen (Cyclamen), a plant of the primroses family, the closest relative of the primrose. In nature, there are many species that grow in the mountains along the shores of the Mediterranean, Black and Caspian Seas. Hence the second name - alpine violet. And the third, not at all poetic name - the duck - the plant received for its poisonous properties: some animals, having tried it, begin to tremble and stumble.

Other types of cyclamen - pontic (C. ponticum), kosky (C. coum), Caucasian (C. caucasicum) - are grown as garden crops, which does not exclude the possibility of using them as pot plants.

Now many varieties have been bred, differing in color (from white and pink to dark red, burgundy and purple) and flower shape and leaf colors. In some varieties the petals have beautiful corrugated edges, there are terry and profusely blooming cyclamens, in which up to 35 flowers bloom at the same time, these are varieties of the "Turbo" line.

There are miniature forms, the height of which does not exceed 15 cm, and there are those that bloom completely without leaves - the flower stalks come out directly from the ground. In room culture, the most common Persian cyclamen (C. persicum), sometimes grown European cyclamen (C. europaeum), or purple (C. purpurascens).

Yersidians bloom mainly in autumn and winter, propagate by seeds. European, or purple, flowering time - spring-summer, propagate them both by seeds and tubers. And they differ from Persian ones in that their bushes and flowers are much smaller and more tender Persian and they are evergreens, that is, there is no dormant period for these flowers, the rosette of leaves does not die off.

Alpine violet care

Cyclamen or alpine violet - indoor plant, ideal for rooms with a cool microclimate. The popularity of this plant grows from year to year.

This is because cyclamen blooms in winter, when few plants can please us. bright colors, in which shimmers sunlight and at just one glance at them, a person is seized by joy, inspiration comes. This plant is simply irreplaceable in homes where bright, emotional people with a light, slightly changeable character live.

The genus includes fifteen species of tuberous herbaceous perennials common in the Mediterranean, the Caucasus and some regions of Asia. The name of the genus comes from the Greek word "cyklos" - a circle, according to the shape of the tubers of these plants.

In room culture, two types are common: Persian cyclamen and European cyclamen.

Persian cyclamen is perennial, forming tubers of a round shape, up to fifteen centimeters in diameter. The tuber has only one growth point, and its damage leads to the death of the entire plant. The leaves are dark green, leathery, heart-shaped.

They are located on long (up to thirty centimeters) petioles and have a decorative grayish-silvery pattern. The flowers are pointed, curved back. Their color can be white, pink, dark red, burgundy, purple. There are flowers with a two-tone color.

Flowering lasts quite a long time, more than three months. Depending on the variety and room conditions, it can begin in October and last until April.

Cyclamen european is somewhat smaller in size, its tubers are spherical and can reach ten centimeters in diameter. The leaf petioles are no more than fifteen centimeters long. The flowers are pink, with a pleasant scent.

Cyclamen is unpretentious: during the flowering period, it needs a bright, but not sunny, cool room. The optimum temperature in winter is +15 degrees Celsius. Irrigation is uniform, always with soft, settled water. Do not allow water to enter the middle of the leaf rosette. The plant propagates by dividing tubers or seeds.

Bought already in bloom, cyclamen can bloom again. After the plant has faded, it is kept at a moderate temperature, without stopping watering and feeding. You can transplant the plant into "fresh" soil. As the old leaves die off, new ones appear, and then buds form and flowers open.

Alpine violet breeding

Alpine violet is called cyclamen in his homeland. It is a primrose that grows in the Mediterranean mountains, where in spring it forms a continuous carpet, it is also found in the Crimea and the Caucasus. In the gardens of Europe, cyclamens of various colors grow under trees with a spreading crown. In the shady twilight, the flowers look like fluttering butterflies, hovering easily over the silvery-green foliage.

Cyclamens are also successfully grown as indoor plants, if you love to have flowering plants around you all year round, cyclamen fits perfectly, because one plant during the flowering period gives up to fifty flowers with delicate curved petals.

Cyclamen propagates only by seeds, its tubers are not divided, and do not succumb to the persuasion of a friend to share a bush, no matter how big it is. This manipulation will destroy the plant, because damaged tubers quickly rot.

Cyclamen or alpine violet is a medium-sized perennial plant. The leaves are wide, with impeccable proportions and varied patterns. The flowers are bright, unusual, located above the leaves, they are both large and small, with different colors. Most of the species have an amazing aroma.

In contact with

Cyclamen varieties

All cyclamens are divided into two types: Persian and European. And those, in turn, for a large number of varieties. For growing at home, Persian cyclamen is more suitable.

The height of an adult plant is about 15-30 cm. Flowers can be absolutely any color, large, small, fragrant, odorless, double or with corrugated petals. The petals are curved backward, slightly pointed. Distinctive feature- the lower part of the leaves is green. It blooms from October to April, after which it loses its leaves and enters a dormant period. This species has flat, rounded tubers with one growth point. Photo of persian cyclamen Cyclamen European (purple). Growth about 10-15 cm, leaves are small, dark green, flowers are small, can be white, purple, pink. The difference from other varieties is the presence of roots on the entire tuber and the violet-red lower part of the leaves. Also, the purple cyclamen lacks a resting phase. Flowering occurs in summer, and the plant rests in the autumn-winter period. Over time, daughter branches are formed on the tubers.
Photo of European cyclamen Cyclamen ivy (Neapolitan). It has pointed leaves with a silvery pattern. The flowers are pink with a purple V-shaped mark and have a pleasant scent. Less often, there are white flowers without a speck. It blooms from August to October, the rest of the time it is at rest, without leaves. They grow back immediately after flowering. This variety of cyclamen is excellent for breeding in open ground, is frost-resistant (-28 ˚С), equally well tolerates both shade and bright sun.
Photo of ivy cyclamen. A shrub with large, up to 15 cm in length, leathery, bright green leaves growing from tubers, which is its main difference. It blooms almost from tubers, from a pale to deep pink hue, usually before the appearance of the leaves between September and November. Afraid of frost and hot sun.
Photo of African cyclamen

The healing properties of cyclamen, omens and superstitions

It is known that alpine violet has healing properties and has:

• wound healing;
• anti-inflammatory;
• hemostatic;
• sedative;
• antimicrobial effect on the body.

Preparations containing cyclamen root are used to cure sinusitis, inflammation in the nasopharynx, diseases of the oral cavity, colds.

It is also recommended to take medicines from cyclamen for headaches, for the treatment of increased emotional and psychological excitability, insomnia, central nervous system... Besides, medicines from this plant are effective for gynecological diseases, increase immunity, stabilize the hormonal system.

It is believed that the cyclamen in the house is capable of:

• absorb negative energy;
• maintain a favorable atmosphere;
• attracts money;
• gives self-confidence;
• attracts love;
• protects the house from evil spirits, envy, unkind thoughts;
• affects the fertility of a woman.

How to propagate cyclamen at home

Alpine violet can be propagated in several ways, depending on the type of plant.

Reproduction of the European species... This cyclamen reproduces by daughter tubers, rosettes, division of the main tuber, and also from the leaf.

When propagating with additional tubers, they must be separated and planted in other bowls with porous soil, covering the roots. When dividing a tuber, it is required to cut it with a sharpened knife so that the shoot and roots remain in each of the formed parts. It is advisable to divide one plant into two parts. After separation, it is recommended to rub parts of the tuber with activated charcoal and dry for 24 hours. Then plant in damp ground.
Dividing the cyclamen tuber When propagating by rosettes, they must be torn from the tuber and planted. The roots appear in about 20 days.

The method of propagation by leaves has a low result; it is rarely possible to grow a new flower. The leaf must be broken off with a piece of tuber.

Reproduction of the Persian species... This species reproduces only by rosettes and tuber division, since it does not produce daughter plants.

How to transplant cyclamen

A cyclamen transplant at home must be carried out immediately after its purchase or a dormant period. Before transplanting, you need to pay attention to the following nuances:

Next, you need to prepare the soil and drainage using expanded clay and pebbles. The composition of the soil for cyclamen must necessarily include: peat, humus, sand, leafy earth, peat. For better rooting of the plant, add vermion or vermiculite. Also, ready-made primer can be purchased at the store. Before planting cyclamen, the soil must be disinfected with a solution of potassium permanganate.

How to plant a cyclamen correctly:

1. Put the drainage on the bottom of the container, then pour the earth there up to half, without tamping it.
2. Remove the plant from the old container, carefully transfer it to the prepared one, placing it in the center, spread the roots and cover with soil, leaving the upper part of the tuber open.
3. Water, put in a cool, not dark place, out of sunlight.

If not done properly, this flower can hit various diseases caused by fungi and bacteria. Fusarium Fusarium (dry rot)... Fungal disease that affects the tissues and blood vessels of the plant.

Symptoms: yellowing of the upper part of the flower.

Treatment: treat the soil with topsin and isolate the plant.

Gray mold... It appears when the plant is in a damp and cold place; improper watering and the penetration of moisture into the middle also provoke the disease.

Symptoms: The appearance of gray mold on leaves and flowers, which subsequently turn yellow and die off.

Treatment: remove infected areas, reduce watering, treat with fungicide. Tuber rot Brown rot... They appear due to fungi found in infected soil.

Symptoms: root damage, loss of leaf color.

Treatment: the flower must be removed from the pot, the roots must be washed with a fungicide, and the diseased parts must be removed.

Wet rot... A bacterial disease that spreads through untreated water or soil.

Symptoms: The plant withers sharply, peduncles and leaves droop, a rotten smell is felt.

It is impossible to cure wet rot, the flower will have to be disposed of. Anthracnose Anthracnose... It is provoked by a soil fungus that damages the alpine violet during flowering.

Symptoms: damage to peduncles that lose their shape, stop growing and dry out. After the leaves become infected, curl, dry out at the edges and fall off.

Treatment: remove the affected areas, spray with a fungicide, move to a place with low humidity.

Sooty fungus... Occurs when infested by insects, leaving behind a sticky discharge.

Treatment: wash the flower with soapy water, eliminate pests.

Growing indoor flower Cyclomen at home requires the following rules:

• be sure to choose an appropriate place with diffused light and no drafts;
• it is necessary to maintain the temperature regime in the range from +14 ˚С to + 16 ˚С;
• in winter, it is recommended to put plants away from batteries, monitor the degree of humidity, and water on time.

This video is about how to grow cyclamen from seeds:

Sep 14 2018

Cyclamen (Alpine violet) - home care

Among indoor plants that delight us with their flowers on cloudy autumn and winter days, cyclamen occupies a special place. Although many people find it difficult to grow, in fact, it is enough to organize the watering and temperature correctly. In this article we will talk about the intricacies of caring for an alpine violet at home.

V wildlife cyclamen grows in warm and humid Mediterranean climates. It can be found in the shady forests of southwestern Asia, southern Europe, on the wooded mountain slopes of Greece, the Middle East, the Caucasus and Crimea. Cyclamen has several popular names: dryakva, "pork bread", alpine violet. The name "pork bread" comes from the fact that wild boars love to eat cyclamen tubers, pulling them out of the ground.

Cyclamen belongs to the Primroses family, its genus consists of 20 species. It belongs to the ephemeroids that bloom for a short time. And in the rest of the year, the leaves of the plant dry up, and the flower begins a dormant period. Cyclamen is a perennial tuberous plant, the flowering period in nature begins in autumn and ends in spring. Indoor cyclamens mainly bloom during the cold season. Although there were hybrid varieties starting flowering in spring.

In early autumn, new leaves appear from the tuber. Cyclamen leaves are rounded with a silvery pattern on a dark green surface. The leaves are arranged horizontally, forming a dense basal rosette. Above it, flowers resembling moths appear on long pedicels. The petals are bent back and raised up. During the flowering period, from fifty to seventy buds appear on the cyclamen. And although one flower "lives" for about ten days, thanks a large number buds flowering period lasts several months.

Flowers are rich in colors and shades. Cyclamen has a rich palette of shades of pink and red. Also popular is the "alpine violet" white... Modern hybrid varieties can "boast" of unusual shades: burgundy, purple.

Types of cyclamen

All types of cyclamen are divided in height into three groups:

• undersized, in which the height is 15 cm;
• medium-sized - about 20 cm;
• standard - the height reaches 30 cm.

The following types of cyclamens are common in nature, differing in size, color and place of growth:

Persian

The Persian species is one of the most common varieties both in nature and in indoor floriculture. Tubers grow up to fifteen centimeters in diameter, have a flat-round shape. The leaves are dark green in color, covered with a silvery pattern and are heart-shaped. The height of the peduncles is from fifteen to twenty centimeters, and the total height of the flower reaches thirty centimeters. Flowers of white, pink or red color have oblong petals about five centimeters long, laid back from the corolla. The Persian species blooms from autumn to spring, and sheds its leaves in the summer. On the basis of the Persian cyclamen, many hybrid varieties for indoor floriculture have been bred.

European

European cyclamen is much less common among indoor flowers. It has some differences from the Persian look. The size of the leaves is three to four centimeters. In addition, the underside of the leaves has a purple tint. Its flowers are smaller, and the size of the petals does not exceed two centimeters. Flowers are white, red, or pink. The main difference between the European cyclamen is the flowering period. It blooms from May to September and lacks a pronounced dormant period with leaf drying. Of course, in summer it is advisable to keep it at a temperature no higher than 25 degrees and in diffused sunlight.

Cretan

The Cretan cyclamen is found naturally on the island of Crete. Differs in small size. Flowers are white and pink.

Kossky (photo Andrey Pomidorov)

The Kosky cyclamen is found in the Caucasus. A short plant reaches only ten centimeters in height, it can winter under the snow. The white or pinkish red flowers have dark spots at the base of the petals.

Ivy (Neapolitan)

Ivy cyclamen has a second name - Neapolitan. It differs from other species in that flowers appear first, and then leaves.

Care rules

Lighting

Cyclamen does not like direct sunlight, so it is better to place it on the north, west and east windows. In winter, when the amount of light decreases, it can be transferred to the southwest or southeast windows.

During the dormant period, the pot with the tuber is placed in a shaded, cool room. It can be a shaded place on the balcony, terrace. Some put a pot of tuber under the bathroom for the summer. But at the same time, one must not forget to water the land once or twice a month not big amount separated water.

Temperature

Maintaining the optimum temperature for cyclamen is the main difficulty in keeping it in an apartment. The most suitable temperature for alpine violets is considered to be between 14 and 16 degrees Celsius. This is especially important during the flowering period, which falls on the heating season. The flower pot must be protected from dry and hot air from radiators. In extreme cases, temperatures up to 25 degrees are allowed, but it is necessary to increase the humidity of the air. This will allow the plant to adjust to room temperatures.

At high indoor temperatures, cyclamen has a shorter flowering period.

How to water cyclamen

At a room temperature above 17-18 degrees, it is necessary to increase the air humidity. At the same time, it is not recommended to spray the cyclamen. Water can be sprayed into the air around the plant, making sure no droplets fall on the plant. But the best way will place the cyclamen pot on damp pebbles or expanded clay. In this case, the pot should not stand in water, otherwise it will lead to rotting of the tubers.

The cyclamen watering regime is determined by the period of flower development. During the period of leaf appearance and flowering, watering is done more often in order to prevent the earthen coma from drying out. Watering is carried out with settled water with a temperature a couple of degrees below room temperature. With the onset of wilting of the leaves, the amount and frequency of watering is reduced. During the dormant period, rarely watering with a small amount of water. Water around the edge of the pot to keep moisture out of the tuber. Watering a flowering plant is carried out through a pan, pouring out the rest of the water after an hour. You can put the pot in a container of water for fifteen minutes so that the water does not reach the edge of the pot. This method is suitable for clay pot, the pores of which allow water to pass through. The plant in a plastic pot is watered through a tray.

Top dressing

From the moment the leaves appear until the end of the flowering period, the cyclamen must be fed. They use complex fertilizers for beautiful flowering plants... Perform two dressings per month. In summer, during the dormant period, cyclamen is not fertilized.

The soil

Cyclamen prefers light and loose soil, neutral or slightly acidic. If you prepare the mixture yourself, then you need to take leaf and sod land, peat and sand in the same amount. Another mixture is also suitable for growing cyclamen:

• leafy ground (3 hours);
• peat (1 h);
• sand (1 hour).

You can buy ready-made soil mixture for tulips or universal soil. It is recommended to add sand or vermiculite to the finished mixture to make it friable.

Transfer

The plant is transplanted after the end of the dormant period, when young leaves begin to break through. First you need to choose a pot for the size of the tuber.

Important! The basic rule for choosing a pot is that the diameter should be larger than the size of the tuber, so that two to three centimeters remain between the tuber and the edge of the container.

There should be holes at the bottom of the pot for water to drain. First, a layer of expanded clay is poured. Then an earthen mixture is poured, which, before planting, must be warmed up in the oven for half an hour to kill bacteria. After all, cyclamen tubers are easily susceptible to disease.

The exception is diseased plants and recently acquired ones. The tubers are examined for rot, the decayed parts are cut out, and the cut is sprinkled with crushed activated carbon. Purchased plants are planted in soil with a lot of peat to accelerate growth. Therefore, you need to transplant the cyclamen into a more suitable soil.

Young flowers up to five years old are transplanted annually. Adult plants are transferred to a new pot, first once every two years, and then after three years.

Attention! When planting, the tuber should not be covered with earth. At least a third of the tuber must protrude above ground level, otherwise the plant will die. The exception is the European cyclamen, in which roots are formed over the entire surface of the tuber. Therefore, it is allowed to sprinkle it with earth, but you cannot bury it deeply.

Preparing for a dormant period

Let's pay attention to one subtlety when caring for a cyclamen. When the flowers fade, the leaves dry up, they must be removed. Removing faded flowers lengthens the flowering period, encouraging the emergence of new buds. But be sure to follow this procedure correctly. You can not pluck, cut off old peduncles and leaves. They must be twisted near the tuber itself, carefully so as not to damage it. If a "wound" is formed, then it is sprinkled with powdered charcoal (activated) carbon.

Reproduction

For reproduction of cyclamen, seeds or the method of dividing the tuber are used. Each method has its own pros and cons.

Seed propagation

Growing cyclamen from seeds is a long and laborious process. The seeds can be purchased from a flower shop or obtained by yourself. To get seeds from a home cyclamen, it is necessary to carry out artificial pollination. To do this, use a soft brush to transfer pollen from one flower to the pistil of another. If there are several alpine violets in the house, then cross-pollination is carried out - the pollen is transferred from one flower to another.

The ovary is better formed if pollination is carried out on a sunny morning. In this case, the transfer of pollen is carried out several times, which increases the likelihood of ovary formation. Before pollination, it is recommended to feed the flowers with the following composition: dissolve 1 gram of superphosphate and 0.5 gram of potassium sulphide in one liter of water.

Seeds are sown in August, before the growing season. Previously, the seeds are poured with a five percent sugar solution. Floated seeds are discarded. Then the remaining seeds are soaked in a zirconium solution for a day to improve germination.

An earthen mixture consisting of equal parts of peat and leafy earth, or a mixture of peat with vermiculite, is poured into a container for planting. The soil is moistened, and seeds are sown on the surface, sprinkling with a thin layer of earth. The container is covered with foil and placed in a shaded place with a temperature of 18 to 20 degrees. Periodically moisten the soil with a spray bottle and ventilate. Seedlings appear in a month and a half.

After the leaves appear, the film is removed, the seedlings are rearranged to a lighted place without exposure to sunlight. In this case, the temperature should be lower - 15-17 degrees. In December, the seedlings have two or three leaves and a small nodule is formed. They can be transplanted with a dive into a new mixture, which is made up of two parts of leafy soil, one part of peat and sand in a half dose. When transplanting, the tubers are sprinkled with earth. Dived seedlings are fertilized with complex fertilizers in a half dose a week after transplanting. Before the onset of the dormant period (second half of spring), the seedlings are transplanted into separate pots, already leaving the tubers protruding from the ground by a third.

It takes 13-15 months from the moment of sowing to flowering. Plants grown from their own seeds will acclimate better than seedlings from purchased seeds.

Tuber propagation

Most gardeners at home propagate cyclamen by dividing the tubers. During the dormant period, the tuber is removed from the pot, divided into several parts. There will be as many parts as there are growth points on the mother tuber. Slices are slightly dried, sprinkled with activated carbon powder or Kornevin. Then the parts are planted in separate containers in the usual mixture for cyclamens. Its composition was given above.

Despite the seeming simplicity of this reproduction method, the death of both the new plant and the mother tuber is often observed. Cut tubers are exposed to rot.

Diseases and pests

At good care cyclamen has been pleasing owners with its flowers for many years. But violations in care, non-compliance with watering and temperature regime lead to various diseases. The table shows the main problems when growing cyclamen.

The main signs	Cause	How to fix the problem
Brown spots appeared on the leaves.	Dry air, bright lighting.	Rearrange the pot or shade, increase the humidity.
The flower sheds buds.	A sudden change in ambient temperature, such as being transported to a warmer room.	If transfer is necessary, the plant should gradually get used to the change in temperature.
Cyclamen leaves turn yellow and wither.	Excessive watering, which led to rotting of the tuber.	Remove the tuber from the ground, cut out the decayed parts, sprinkle with Kornevin or charcoal and plant in a new sterilized mixture. If the leaves turn yellow and wither after flowering, this is normal.

For cyclamen, they pose a great danger fungal diseases, which often lead to the death of the flower. Infection most often gets through contaminated soil.

The main fungal diseases of cyclamen

Disease	The main signs	Cause	How to fix the problem
Fusarium wilting or dry rot.	Leaves turn yellow. Yellowing begins at the top and often affects one side of the plant.	The fungus through the roots enters vascular system plants, clogs it, which disrupts the nutrition of the leaves.	Watered with Fundazol at the root, and the leaves are treated with Topsin-M. Both the one and the other drug are taken at a concentration of 0.1%.
Wet rot	Leaves and peduncles wither, droop, which is accompanied by a putrid odor.	The spores of the fungus enter along with contaminated water or soil through cracks in the tuber or tearing off the peduncles. Heat and moisture contribute to the development of the disease.	It is impossible to cure a diseased plant. It is destroyed along with the earth. The pot must be disinfected.
Gray rot	A gray mold appears on the leaves, which rises into the air when the air moves. Leaves and peduncles turn yellow, darken and die off.	Develops when kept cold with high humidity.	Remove the affected parts, reduce watering and spraying, ventilate the places of detention, but without a draft. Treat with fungicide according to the instructions.
Root rot	The leaves turn pale, dark areas are visible on the tubers.	The fungus is ingested with unsterilized soil.	The soil is treated with a fungicide. But a young plant may not survive. In an adult cyclamen, the tuber is removed from the ground, damaged and treated with a fungicide. Then they are planted in new sterilized soil.
Anthracnose	Peduncles are affected, which stop growing, their upper part dries up. Then the leaves are affected, which curl up, dry up.	The fungus enters with the ground, develops at high humidity and temperature.	Reduce air humidity, remove damaged parts of the cyclamen. Treat with fungicide.
Sooty fungus	A black bloom appears on the leaves and shoots.	It appears in the habitat of aphids. It clogs the pores of the plant, and at first growth slows down, and then the leaves dry out.	You can rinse the leaves with a 2% green soap solution, then a copper-soap solution. Then washed with clean water. Or they are treated with a fungicide.

Among cyclamen pests, the main enemies are aphids, ticks and thrips. To combat them, insecticides are used, which are widely available on the market.

Conclusion

Alpine violet, blooming in the cold season, gives good mood, the joy of contemplating beautiful flowers with a delicate aroma. Do not be afraid of the difficulties in growing cyclamen, and it will decorate your windowsills in winter.

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Cyclamen European(alpine violet) requires difficult conditions of detention. He survives, and even more so multiplies, far from all growers, so it is worthwhile to dwell on this separately. This is quite rare home plant, which is a real hunt for flower growers, it is not easy to buy it. Outwardly, it resembles cyclamens, which are sold in bulk in stores - Persian cyclamens. Only the flowers of the European cyclamen are smaller, very fragrant and they bloom not in winter, but in summer. The value of the European cyclamen, or, as it is sometimes called, the alpine violet, is precisely in the scent of flowers.

Watering conditions for alpine violets

Water cyclamen European only and only in a saucer under the pot. In exceptional cases, you can pour into a pot, but make sure that moisture does not touch the outlets. I sometimes use the second method only when the plant has not yet grown - only after transplanting. A lump of earth should not dry out inside, but it should not be constantly wet either. When water is critically lacking, the cyclamen shows you that the leaves are drooping, which means you need to water urgently. It is not necessary to bring it to such an extent. As for over-watering, this is also not very good. Sometimes I can leave the pot in a tray of water for two weeks at the time of departure, but once from this I got suckers that spoiled the flowers. They were easily removed by the first insecticide that came across, but little pleasant.

Lighting conditions for cyclamen european

Our cyclamens are very light-requiring, but at the same time they do not like direct light. How to solve this problem? The obvious solution is a north or shaded window. My grandmother did just that. However, flowering under such conditions will begin only in June, and will end early too. I solve the problem in a different way. The best thing alpine cyclamen grew in my south window, with a single, but very important condition... From early spring to late summer, the lower part of the window was covered with thick sheets of white landscape paper so that direct rays did not fall on the leaves. One sheet in thickness is enough, but 2-3 of them may be needed to cover all directions of the incident light rays. Under such conditions, flowering will be from April to December inclusive, with almost no hibernation.

Transplant and soil

Cyclamen European needs an annual transplant, which is carried out in February. The pot can be used the same or slightly larger than the previous one - medium-sized, short, wide pots are suitable. In transplanting, the main thing is not to increase the size of the plant itself (the violet will remain small in any case), but to remove unnecessary outlets and replace the soil itself, which is depleted in a year.

When choosing a pot size, it is important to be aware of the purpose for which you are replanting the plant. If you want to get children, then take the pot a little wider so that new sockets go, and for good flowering, take a pot in which there will be nowhere for new outlets to branch.

The material of the pot does not really matter - the first years live well even in plastic glasses of half a liter. However, ceramic pots will be less likely to dry out the soil, and more beautiful.

This pot was chosen with an eye to getting babies, so it is slightly wider than I would choose for an actively flowering plant. Now is February, so some (winter) leaves have elongated petioles - by the beginning of flowering they will die off and the bush will take on a more compact appearance.

You carefully remove the extra sockets (you can get new plants from them) and replace part of the soil. Do this very carefully, leaving a lump of soil around the rhizome or tuber that forms on older plants. If the tuber is already large, it can be cut into several parts according to the presence of rosettes - this operation is for advanced florists. The slices are sprinkled with charcoal to avoid fungal infection or rotting. The tuber of European cyclamen, in contrast to the Persian counterparts, in which the tuber is buried only partially, must be buried completely, leaving only the growth point of the rosette open!

You can take any universal soil, be sure to put drainage on the bottom. Lime stones, which I specially brought from the south, have shown themselves very well as drainage - apparently, this is the closest thing to the natural conditions in the Alps.

It is necessary to have time with the transplant before the first buds appear, the end or even the middle of February is the best time.

After transplanting, it is important not to flood the plant - the soil should be moist, but not wet.

Fertilizing cyclamen

With an annual transplant, the Alpine cyclamen does not need fertilization. However, if for some reason you could not transplant a flower in February, then feed it with ordinary fertilizers for flowering plants at a dose half the recommended dose. Feed only when watering, foliar feeding is not needed.

Spraying

The alpine violet does not need to be sprayed, but this can be done sometimes, especially on hot days after the sun has gone. You can also spray with growth stimulants and succinic acid. At the moment, I don't use anything like that - I don't see any particular need.

Hibernation

According to my observations, the European cyclamen hibernates only because of the very modest light regime of our latitudes - in winter it is too dark for normal growth and vegetation. Nevertheless, growth in autumn and winter slows down, but does not stop - with an obvious lack of light, winter leaves with long petioles appear. In winter, I keep the pots with cyclamen closer to the light, do not shade the rare Moscow sun, but water it almost the same way as in summer, especially since the air in the apartment is still dry. By February, the plant is already starting to wake up, so do not delay the transplant.

• alpine violet or cyclamen
• types of cyclamen
• alpine violet: home care
• alpine violet: garden care
• medicinal properties of cyclamen
• alpine violet: photo
• alpine violet buy

Alpine violet or cyclamen

Cyclamen – perennial tuberous plant. Historical Homeland - Central and Southern Europe. This gentle and very beautiful flower able to decorate any room, as well as a garden. Most often cyclamenare planted in a pot and decorate apartments, but you can grow an Alpine violet in your garden. In the wild, cyclamens have small buds, indoor alpine violets delight with the larger size of their flowers. In any case, this gentle and stunning plant will delight you with its beauty, and you will definitely find a worthy place for your plant.

In nature, there are over20 types that are found in Asia Minor and the Mediterranean. Cyclamen is also known by this name asalpine violet, dryak ... Some species are on the verge of extinction and are included inRed Book , this is a cyclamen Kuznetsova, Colchis cyclamen and etc. Cyclamen in our conditions, it is grown as a houseplant, less often as a garden plant. But do not forget that this plant is poisonous!

Types of cyclamen

The most common types of cyclamen:

Cyclamen persian - herbaceous plant. Has spherical sealed with a diameter of up to 15 cm, from the lower surface of which roots extend.Leaves heart-shaped, up to 14 cm in diameter, green below, above with a gray-silver pattern.Flowers with oblong-lanceolate petals 5 cm long.Slightly curled petals are pink, white or lavendercoloration with purple spots at the base. The flowers have a pleasantaroma.

Cyclamen european - evergreen tuberous ... Tubers up to 10 cm in diameter, spherical or irregular in shape, along the entire surface of which roots are located.Leaves leathery, cordate-rounded, dark green with a silvery pattern, dark red underneath, 2-4 cm in diameter.Flowers medium in size, about 2 cm long, pink in color and pleasant aroma.Long flowering from spring to autumn.

To date, many varieties have been bred, with large and miniature flowers of various colors, from bright red to almost black.

Cyclamen European (photo):

Alpine violet: home care

You will definitely be able to grow a beautiful flower that will delight you with long flowering. We will help youtake care of behind an alpine violet.

Pots with plants, keep on the east and west windows. Cyclamen pots in the roomplace in the coolest place, such as between window frames. But it is impossible to allow direct sunlight to hit the plant.In winter keep plants in the brightest place, with a temperature of 12-14 ° C. In warm room conditions, cyclamen for a long timewill not live.

During the flowering of the plantwater evenly, so as not to allow either drying out or waterlogging. When watering, try not to wet the tubers. When the plant is dormant,cut watering , water only so that the clod of earth does not dry out. Water sparsely and in moderation while tubers are rooting. Water through a saucer, generously in summer and moderately in winter.Temperature water for irrigation should be 3-4 ° C below room temperature. 1-2 hours after wateringexcess water pour out from under the clover to prevent root rot. Before the buds appear, spray the plants from time to time, as soon as the buds appear, stop spraying.

Some types, for example,cyclamen european does not have a pronounced rest period. HavePersian cyclamen the dormant period is celebrated in the summer. At the beginning of summer, the leaves turn yellow and die off, only the tubers remain. From this periodwater cyclamen very rarely. For summer pots with tubers can be taken out to the loggia or a balcony protected from the sun and rain.Early autumn bring the tubers indoors and transplant them.For transplant use a loose soil mixture consisting of turf, humus and leafy soil and sand in a ratio of 2: 1: 1: 1.Soil acidity pH 5.5-6. Tuber clean from damaged roots and plant, deepening 1/2 or 1/3. Place a drainage layer on the bottom of the pot. Place the tubers in a bright, cool place. Water occasionally until the plant takes root. When the first shoots appear, water more often.

When and how to feed cyclamen?

As soon as the leaves grow before flowering, the plantfeed complete mineral fertilizer(1g / L) every two weeks.We do not recommend use a lot of nitrogenous fertilizers, as the roots can rot.

How to propagate cyclamen?

In a greenhouse cyclamen propagated by seeds ... Seedlings grown from seeds bloom 13-14 months after sowing. Amateur flower growers can propagate cyclamendividing the tuber ... But this is not always possible. Therefore, it is advisable to purchase tubers in the fall in flower shops.

Why do cyclamens get sick?

• The flowers are strong and healthy, and the leaves turn yellow.What is the reason? Indoor air is too warm and dry. Cyclamens cannot stand temperatures above 17 ° C. Perhaps the reasonyellowing of leaves in insufficient watering or sunlight on the leaves.
• Peduncles and leaf stalks becomesoft and rot ... The reason is waterlogging of the soil, especially if watering is carried out from above. Try to keep water away from leaves and tubers.Water through the pallet.
• Flowers quickly faded ... Reason - heat, dry air, improper watering.
• The leaves are deformed and curled. The reason - a pest appeared on the plants -cyclamen tick.

Alpine violet: garden care

In our climatic zonebest to grow cyclamens in pots, but you can try growing this gorgeous flower outdoors. It is important to choose a reliable and goodlanding place ... Cyclamen is afraid of rain, extreme cold, wind. The best thingto plant it under the crown of a tree to protect it from excess moisture during a rainstorm. When planting, you need to bury the roots well,optimal depth - up to 10 centimeters. Otherwise, your plant will freeze. An exception is if you live in a very warm climatic zone.The soil must allow air to pass through.Watered very carefully, in moderation, always keep an eye on the ground. Water at the root to keep the water out of the leaves. Necessarilycover up your alpine violet for the winter, because the plant is afraid of frost. A thick layer of fallen leaves will do.

Cyclamen - this is a delicate plant, but with proper care it can grow quietly in the garden for several years. Gardeners love it not only for its beautiful flowers, but also for its decorative leaves.

The healing properties of cyclamen

Many centuries ago, cyclamen was usedin medicine ... Today, this plant is popular with herbalists, healers, and also in medicine. On its basis, medicinal preparations are produced.Attention!Cyclamen believe poisonous plant, you need to use it very carefully for treatment, but it is best to purchase sprays based on it in a pharmacy! For medicinal purposes usecyclamen juice , it is obtained from tubers. It is an excellent antiseptic as well as antiviral. Modern pharmacology uses cyclamen juice to treat frontal sinusitis, sinusitis, sinusitis. it is found in many sprays.