Cleaning a file from rust vinegar. We restore the ferrous files

Files and Nadfili with time "arched" and stupid and work them becomes unpleasant and unproductive. This is especially happening when processing with versatile materials - non-ferrous metals, copper, aluminum, stainless steel. Particles of these metals as if stuck on the file, clog the space between the tooth and the file becomes smooth.

To restore such a file and return it to it, there is a simple method consisting in chemical etching of a file in a special solution. Approximately the same technology is also used to restore old, rusty files.

Initially, the file is inspected and, if necessary, weathered with a metal brush from mechanical contaminants. Then the files are degreased in solution washing powder or dishwashing products, then washed with running water and then immersed in acetone. With the files, all fat and oil sediments between the tooth are removed from the files. Declaring a file can also boil it in soda solution within 10 minutes.

If the file is rusty, it is immersed in a container filled with rust reducing agent. And they keep until the rust disappears. Rust reducing agent can be replaced with a 20% sulfuric acid solution.

Files are washed in running water and placed in a reduction solution consisting of

- nitric acid concentrated - 8%

- Sulfuric acid concentrated - 6%

- WATER - 86%

The peculiarity of this solution is that it rinsing metal more in recesses than on the protrusions. Those. It seems to deepen the depressions between the teeth of the file, and the teeth themselves are much walked. Thus, the height of the teeth of the file increases (although the overall thickness of the file decreases). And the file thereby restores and becomes sharp.

Failure etching time is about 5-10 minutes. After that, the file is removed from the solution, washed and tested. If he spent not enough, etching continues.

After etching, the files are thoroughly washed in running water or soda solution, to get rid of acid.

After recovery, it should be installed, since on their surface - a pure metal that can very quickly be covered with rust. For this, the files are lowered into machine oil (it is possible to work), the oil is heated to a temperature of 100-120 degrees and are kept over 15-20 minutes.

After the conservation procedure, the files are removed from the oil, thoroughly wipe, dried and put on them handles.

Similarly, you can restore files from almost any condition.

In any case, the files cannot be stored "in bulk", a shared bunch. At the same time, they rub each other and very quickly stupid. Therefore, it will be better if you make a simple shelf for files - Klyasser, where every file will be given its place and they will not touch each other. Yes, and the files will be in sight - you don't have to go through everything, choosing the right one.

Material for shelf - plywood, thin board, plastic.

Pens for files.

If you buy files not equipped with handles, then you will have to do them yourself.

Good handles for the legs are obtained from the plugs from the wine. The feet sticks into them without prior drilling.

Pens for more powerful files You can make short segments of dried cuttings for a shovel. They can be bought in shops of household goods and they are not expensive. From the ends of the handle, a big chamfer is removed, and the tree is grouped. In the end of the cut cut, the hole is drilled along the diameter of a little less than the shank of the file and the file with a tension is driven into the handle. So you can provide all files with handles.

Another good source material for the handles of the file can serve thick branches formed during the spring trimming of trees. Purified from the crust and dried, such handles not only look beautiful, but often have a very convenient "pistol" bending.

Konstantin Tymoshenko

Each of us is found in the tools a file that sometimes need to be corrected the item, something to sharpen or just carefully fill, remove burrs. With a non-frequency of using a file, there is enough for a long time, however, when I sharpened, the files are stupid very quickly.

So what to do? Throw it away and buy new? Yes, more than that of old files, many make the chisels or other necessary tools, as the file is made of solid metal. But buy a file is good decision, however, it costs money. Is it possible to extend your life to the old file? It turns out you can, but what needs to be done?

To do this, it is necessary to clean it with a metal brush, then degrease. After that, you need to put a file in acid. If in citric acid (5 grams of lifric acid per glass of water), then at hours 12. If this is an electrolyte from a car battery, then the time will be reduced to 6-7 hours. It is possible to use other acids, for example acetic, as well as chlorine iron.

With such a reaction, the surface of the metal of the file, reacts and the fascinated stubborn teeth are becoming sharp. After the file is treated chemical composition, immersion in neutralizing solution, and then to passivating. This uses soda solution. In it, the files are immersed for 5-10 minutes. To prepare a passivating solution, a household soap can be approached, which will require (5 g) and sodium nitrate (1 g) dissolved in 1 liter of water.

It is best to heat the solution to a temperature of 70-80 ° C., after which the files are immersed by 5-10 minutes. This procedure allows you to prevent the appearance of rust on them. For drying, the files put vertically into the container.

File – this is hand toolDesigned for metal processing. It can also be used for other solid materials, such as plastic, textolit, etc. The use of a file allows grinding of irregularities or adjust the product to the required parameters by expanding its diameter or rooting. It is made of solid tool steel, which makes it more rigid than most of the metals that are processed by them.

Features of construction and types

The tool is a steel strip with a notch, which is attached in a wooden or plastic handle. Wallpaper of a file happens different sizeswhich corresponds to a certain number from 0 to 5. The largest notch No. 0, and the smallest - number 5.

According to the number classification, files are:

• Draca (№0-1 up to 12 notches for 1 cm of the surface) - have large teeth, which allow you to scratch a layer of thick rust, chopping it from a pure metal.
• Personal and polishing (№2-3 from 13 to 44 notches for 1 cm of the surface) - are used to process any metal, remove the extra thickness.
• Velvet (№4-5 from 45 to 80 notches on 1 cm of the surface) - are used during finishing, to achieve the maximum smoothness of the workpiece.

The larger the teeth, the more metal can be removed. When processing a high and rare notch, the surface of the workpiece is covered with deep furrows, so for comfortable processing you need to start with a smaller number of the file and gradually move on a very small notch that you need to achieve maximum surface smoothness if necessary.

It should be borne in mind that the file with a very small notch is quickly clogged with a chips, so it needs periodic cleaning, because otherwise the metal layer will stop. In addition, it should be noted that the speed of operation of a velvet type tool is ten times lower than that of the drachers.

Types of notch

The file has not only the difference in the size of the teeth of the notch, but also by the features of its application:

• Single.
• Cross.
• Arc.
• Raspile.
• Stamped.

Simple or single A notch can be used for non-ferrous metal processing. It quickly removes the layer of the workpiece and is well cleaned from the chips. When working, this tool strongly rattles, which leads to a rapid hand tool. It should be noted that the peculiarity of the tilt angle does not allow processing solid metals. The notches themselves are applied at an angle of 25-30 degrees.

Cross The notch is suitable for processing steel, cast iron and bronze. Its jar crossed, forming a diamond. The angle of inclination of the main notch is 25, and auxiliary 45 degrees. Such a file is quite quickly clogged with chips, so it does not fit for soft metal. To ensure productive and comfortable work, it is important to take care of the presence of a metal brush that you need to periodically look like a chips between the teeth on the tool canvas.

Arc type Shells are suitable for working with non-ferrous metals, as well as solid wood, such as beech, oak, etc. After such a file, quite neat scratches are left on the workpiece, which are easily stitched.

Raspian or point The notch is used mainly for rapidly removing the scale or layers of rust on the black metal. It is especially effective for coarse wood processing.

Stamped Nothing is used for the same purpose as the Raspile. Its features lies in the tilted trees that cling to the workpiece as hooks, throwing it with a thickness. During operation, coarse furrows are formed. Teeth are erased pretty quickly, so such a tool is better not to use on solid metals. It works perfectly with wood. When processing aluminum, the web is quickly clogged with chips, which is poorly removed.

Varieties of form

As for the forms of files, they happen:

• Flat.
• Square.
• Round.
• Semicircular.
• Triangled.

Flat Files are suitable for processing large blanks, with a large decoration of removal. They are produced different sizes and usually have a notch on both sides, which allows you to turn the tool and continue working when driving one of them.

Square The file has a notch on all four sides. This allows you to carry out direct corners in two planes. With their help, you can remove the extra layer. Such a tool is produced with different rigidity of teeth. There are square files with a length of up to 50 cm long, which allow the accelerated metal riding.

Round Files are an excellent solution for the preparation of a rounded or perfect round hole. With it, you can increase the inner diameter, to fit it for the required parameters.

Semicircular type It is used in cases where it is necessary to process a rounded surface. The width of such a file is more than an ideally round, which eliminates the likelihood of excessive surface deepening at one point, violating the required geometry.

Trihedral The file is used to fuel internal not direct angles. All the faces of the tool have a notch, often it is characterized by a height or angle of applying, which makes such a tool universal. The three-mounted type is suitable for flat surfaces. At the same time, it is less convenient to work with it than with a direct file, due to the small working area of \u200b\u200bnotches.

How to save a file in working condition

In order for the file as long as possible, it needs to be cleaned after each application. For this, a metal brush is applied. If you leave the chips in the deepening of the web, then over time, it will be firmly pressed under the influence of corrosion or oxidation, so it will get rid of it much more difficult.

Do not handle dirty or wet surfaces. Files are made of solid tool steel, which is subject to rust. When traces of corrosion appear, the canvas starts much less effectively to cling metal blanks, which complicates work. It is also desirable to avoid surfaces with lubricant or machine oil. The fat fell in a notch will cause dust sticking, which will also reduce the productivity of the stamps.

Stroke of a litter of citric acid

Over time, even the most qualitative tool from solid steel gradually loses sharpness, as a result of which it becomes unusable. Files can not be sharpened as knives, chisels or bit, so many just throw them on the garbage or drag into the chisel. In fact, even the files can be sharpened without applying any effort. All that is required is citric acid.

First, the tool must be cleaned from the clogged shavings using a metal brush. After that, the canvas should be rinsed detergent For dishes or cleaning the plate. It is necessary to remove dirt and fat removal. For maximum effect, you can use a toothbrush to handle each millimeter tool. After that, it is necessary to prepare a solution of citric acid, for this you need to take a vertical container with water. It may be plastic bottle or glass jarsuitable in height. It should be filled and dissolved citric acid. The stronger the solution, the faster the effect, but you should not use the entire package at once - it will be excessively!

The working part of the file must fully immerse sour salineSo that everything canvas with notches is closed. The handle should stay outside. The duration of the insistence of the tool in the solution depends on the concentration and steel, from which the canvas is made. Once a few hours you need to remove the file and evaluate its sharpness. To do this, you can use any low-fat workpiece. After each test, the tool must be cleaned with a brush to brush the sawdust. At the same time, it is important to try not to touch the canvas with the hands, since leaving the fat stains from the fingers from the fingers can be isolated a metal section from a chemical reaction with an acid.

The duration of etching the cloth for sharpening can occupy from several hours to days if the solution is very weak, and the steel is very high quality. It is also possible to use other acids entering into chemical reaction with ferrous metal. It should be borne in mind that stronger solutions highlight dangerous pairs that are better not to inhale.

To the question how to clean the feet given by the author Col.kurtz. The best answer is the definition of the 646th solvent, then hold it some time in the battery electrolyte, then in the soda solution, hot water, Dry, clean metal. Brush and lining turbine oil.

Answer from not at all[guru]
sulfuric acid. For one and "sharpening."

Answer from Hero of the Day[guru]
If the file is clogged with rubber, fiber or wooden sawdust, before cleaning the metal brush, it should be kept in hot water For 20 minutes. To clean the grinding file, you should first treat its surface with birch coal, and then a metal brush. A more efficient option is to wash the grilled file in a hot solution of caustic soda and caustic soda, cleaning it with a metal brush, washing with water and drying.
For the "rejuvenation" of files (nodfille), dried by aluminum or copper chips, two compositions are usually prepared: 20-30% solution of caustic soda and a mixture consisting of 3 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4), 4 ml of concentrated of hydrochloric acid (HCL) and 100 ml of water.
Before the restoration of the files so that working solutions do not determine, it is necessary to be deguted with gasoline or hot solution of the calcined salt (Na2CO3), using a rigid brush.
Next, the files must be lowered by 1.5-5 minutes to a boiling solution of caustic soda, after which it is to move in a mixture of acids for 1-3 minutes. (Instead of processing in a solution of caustic soda, the files can be boiled in a 30% solution of soda calcined soda within 10-15 minutes.)
At the final stage of cleaning the files from aluminum and copper chips, they should be flushed first in soda solution, then in hot water, dry and lubricate the diesel (kerosene) or grasp a piece of chalk, if these files have to process aluminum and other soft metals.
Return the sharpness of the cutting edges of the stamps of the file will help a solution made from 20% nitric acid (HNO3), 20% sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and distilled water taken in the amount of 10, 20 and 70 g, respectively.
The file, peeled from aluminum and copper chips, is lowered into a "sharpening" solution, having a room temperature (the files with a thin notch - by 1-1.5 minutes, with a coarse notch - for 15 minutes).
The etching of the file is most conveniently conducted in high and relatively narrow glass (better plastic with an acid action) vessel. A bottle of cropped neck is suitable, in the garage conditions.)
After etching, the file was washed with hot water, we can withstand several minutes in lime water or in a 5-10% solution of calcined soda, is washed with hot water, dried, then lubricated with diesel.
To save time, it is rationally producing a batch processing of 3-10 files.
Working with caustic alkalis and acids is dangerous. Therefore, it is unforgettable that an apron is needed for their protection, rubber gloves and glasses.
The exhaust is desirable, otherwise it is better to work outdoors.
So, to obtain a "sinuous" solution, it is necessary to dissolve in 750 ml of distilled water 90 g of crystalline borax (Na2B4O7 10N2O) and 400 g of copper sulfate (Cuso4 5N2O). Since both substances do not belong to easily solve, water can be heated a bit, but then the solution must be cooled. After it, 350 g (190-200 ml) of concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is cautious to the resulting solution.
Processing files in this solution along the same technique as above.
Well, that's all good luck.