Types of timber for building houses and sizes. Sizes of a bar - a characteristic of various types of lumber What is the length of a bar for building a house

Going to build any house from a bar, the owner will have to resolve the issue with the choice and purchase of building materials. The choice is wide enough today: this is a simple bar natural moisture, and dried, specially shaped profiled timber or glued material. But in all cases, it will be necessary to first determine the size: the thermal insulation of the walls and the cost of materials depend on this. What size of timber will be optimal for building a house?

Sizing options and their use

The dimensions of the timber are a very important parameter that must be taken into account when designing. On sale are the most different variants: the minimum section is 100x100 mm, the maximum is 200x200 mm. Which option to choose for a particular construction:

  • The thinnest timber with a section of 100x100 mm or 100x150 cm is used for the construction of outbuildings, in addition, it can be used for the construction of a bath. This is the cheapest material, but it is only suitable for buildings that are not designed for permanent residence.
  • For summer cottage, as a rule, the golden mean is chosen: the timber can have a section of 120x120 mm or 150x150 mm. In the warm season, such a house will be very comfortable and convenient, in addition, this option is quite convenient for calculations and styling. If it is planned to use the building for year-round living, it will be possible to provide it with an additional layer of external insulation.
  • The size of the timber for a winter house should be as large as possible, especially in regions with a cold climate. In construction, options are used from 150x150 mm to 200x200 mm. The thickest timber is expensive, but due to the greater height of each crown, less material is required, which partially compensates for the increased costs.

Thus, from what size of timber to build a house, each future owner chooses independently. However, it must be remembered that the savings when choosing wall material as a result, it will lead to increased costs for heating and insulation of the building, otherwise it will be constantly cold in it. The size of a bar for a house also determines its soundproofing qualities: through walls that are too thin, all street noises will be heard, which will significantly reduce the comfort of living.

If you choose a dried profiled timber, this will allow you to partially save on insulation: since the crowns will fit tightly to each other, the thermal insulation properties of the walls will be much higher.

Many builders believe that it is unprofitable to purchase a 200x200 timber for construction: it is almost always made to order, therefore it is very expensive, and the difference in wall thickness will end up being only 5 cm, compared to a conventional timber with a section of 150x150 mm. This difference can be compensated for by additional external insulation, which will still cost less in the end.

How to choose material for the construction of a frame house

A log house has many advantages, but it also has disadvantages: first of all, it is the high cost of materials and the need to wait a very long time for the completion of shrinkage. Because of this, more and more people are paying attention to modern frame technologies, which also require the correct selection of building materials. The size of the bar for frame house depends on its intended use and size, since it is the timber frame that has to withstand the highest loads.

Typically, for strapping a frame house, the following beam sizes are selected: 150x150 mm, 150x200 mm, 200x200 mm. The large thickness provides the strength of the frame, which can withstand any natural disasters.

For cladding the walls of a frame building, chipboard or OSB plates are used, and a heater is placed between them. The thicker the frame, the larger the layer of insulation material and the higher the energy efficiency of the building, however, its cost increases proportionally.

The frame building is assembled faster, which also reduces its cost. However, when designing, you need to count on the purchase of a bar not only for the frame of the walls, but also the construction of internal partitions, interfloor overlap, floor lag, rafter system etc.

In addition, the frame is difficult to assemble on your own; it is recommended to involve specialists to correctly connect the corners. A blockhouse from a ready-made house kit can be assembled by any person thanks to ready-made processed connections.

Construction from a ready-made lumber house kit

What is more profitable to buy: a bar in a lumber warehouse or a ready-made house kit in a specialized company? Both options have their advantages: a simple timber will cost significantly less, but the assembly of the house kit will take much less time. Such a kit can be made according to a special order:

  1. The client contacts a specialized company, and a individual project a house that takes into account all the wishes related to the thickness of the walls, the location of windows, doors and partitions, etc.
  2. On order, a set of parts is produced, which are supplied to the construction site in a numbered form.
  3. The kit is assembled like a constructor in the shortest possible time, and very soon the house is ready for decoration and settlement. Such a set will immediately provide strong connections of wall elements: they do not have to be adjusted directly on the construction site, all connections will be immediately cut to exact dimensions using special equipment.

The thickness of the timber used for the manufacture of house kits can also be different. Standard version: 150x150 mm, at the request of the customer, a thicker timber can be used. This will allow achieving high thermal efficiency of the building.

Before starting construction wooden house, it is necessary to decide on the type of building material, to understand what is required for good result... In this article, we will consider the dimensional characteristics of several types of timber, or rather, the dimensions of the timber for building a house.

The information will help you solve any problems related to the design and construction of a house on your own.

Brus - the choice of private developers

From the family of sawn timber, the most demanded in construction and furniture production is timber. This material is used in several areas of construction and repair, the manufacture of cabinet and upholstered furniture.

However, it is precisely as a material used by private developers that it has become so popular. This is due to its performance characteristics and advantages over other building materials.

The most important advantage wooden products- environmental safety, which gives your home the noble scent of wood and allows the walls to "breathe" freely.

The timber is produced in a wide range:

  • In terms of raw materials:
    • Pines.
    • Larch trees.
    • Lindens.
  • According to the degree of humidity:
    • Dry forest.
    • With natural moisture.
  • In the ratio of linear dimensions.
  • Manufacturing technology:
    • Solid (array).
    • Glued.

According to these characteristics, the use of a bar varies in one case or another. Naturally, a certain size of timber is used for each individual process.

Size range

What do we mean by the dimensions of the bar?

Of course, these are the usual three components:

  • Width.
  • Height.
  • Length.

The cross-section of the timber, depending on the manufacturing method, can have the following configuration:

  • Rectangular.
  • Square.
  • Multifaceted (profiled timber).

For square lumber, the first two linear dimensions are often called thickness for simplicity, since its width is equal to its height.

For each specific case, an individual approach is required with the calculation of the optimal dimensions of the timber, depending on the intended purpose of the material.

  • The optimal size of lumber for the house, for permanent residence people are equal to 200x200 mm. The option is optimal for many reasons, firstly, the material is durable, secondly, it has sufficient thermal insulation, and thirdly, furniture (wall cabinets) can be safely attached to such a beam.
  • For building walls wooden cottage, outbuildings not designed for a long stay of a person, 100x100 or 150x150 mm is enough. The same dimensions are relevant for interior walls, interior partitions.

Sizes of bars 40x40, 50x50 make this lumber an invincible leader for a wide variety of purposes.

Instructions for using the most popular bar:

  • Houses from a bar - constructions:
    • Roofs (purlins for covering).
    • Polov (lags).
    • Ceilings (frame for filing with a variety of materials).
    • Frame sheathing partitions (frame, sometimes, as cladding -)
  • Repair and finishing works.
    • Frames for insulation, subsequent cladding.
    • Arrangement of strips and niches for engineering communications.
    • Manufacturing of stairs and scaffolds.
  • Furniture manufacture.
    • Frameworks for soft and body units and sets.
    • The main material for creating kitchen and garden furniture.
  • Architectural small forms for adjoining playgrounds, parks and squares.
  • Container production.

Length - the size of the bar for building a house or other purposes is not so critical compared to the cross-section. One of the requirements for the length is the integrity (without joints) of the timber for tying the walls in front of the roofing device or overlapping the next floor, attic.

It is also desirable that the walls of the log house contain at least a few solid bars along the entire length of one wall. Lumber manufacturers, for the most part, have a rather flexible policy regarding the individuality of orders with regard to the length of the product.

Note!
The standard length is considered to be 6, 2 and 3 meters, when, as with individual order you can easily purchase (by paying extra for the work) and 8-10 meter bars.

Now more about characteristic features various timber.

Solid wood beams

The most demanded ordinary timber is made from logs of trees of different species.

By the way of processing it is subdivided into:

  • Planed.
  • Unshaped.

Unshaved timber is used in places where surface treatment does not matter.

Depending on the size of the section, it is called a bar with a thickness of up to 100 mm, and a bar with sizes from 100 and above. The range of parameters of sections and lengths is the widest for this type of sawn timber and is limited only by the dimensions of the raw material.

For your information! More often there are sections up to 250 mm, manufacturers try to make more bulky products for specific purposes or for individual orders.

Glued laminated timber

Glued laminated timber has a kind of reinforcement, as it is glued with alternating direction of fibers at the next board, which gives the material special strength. The next advantage of this lumber is the fact that glued laminated timber is practically not subject to shrinkage, due to its manufacture from well-dried wood.

Therefore, when choosing the dimensions of laminated veneer lumber for your construction site, you can firmly rely on the specified parameters. They will remain unchanged.

For your information!
If it seems to someone by ear that glued laminated timber is somewhat worse than solid wood, we will try to dispel these doubts.
The glued analogue is made by gluing several boards (up to five pieces) exclusively from dry raw materials, using non-toxic adhesives.
This allows you to achieve excellent performance of the product, without losing the ability wood materials"breathe"

Different manufacturers of laminated veneer lumber will provide you with lumber with different sections, such as 150 mm, 210 mm, 270 mm and many others. The decision on the thickness of the purchased timber is only for you, do not forget - an unjustified increase in the thickness of the timber will negatively affect the cost of construction, because the price for this type of product is the highest.

Advice!
Try to find a balance of properties depending on the thickness of the lumber: heat engineering (for the construction of buildings of different nature) and the aesthetics of the general appearance of the building from the outside.

Glued laminated timber for a rectangular house is produced, depending on the purpose, in the following range:

  • Wall - 140 × 160, 170 × 160, 140 × 200, 170 × 200, 140 × 240, 170 × 240, 140 × 280, 170 × 280 mm.
  • Floor beams - from 85 to 1120 mm in height, from 95 to 260 mm in width.
  • Window - 82x86, 82x115 mm.

Profiled timber

Know-how in the production of lumber - profiled timber is produced from solid wood or prefabricated sections (glued) with different profile geometries:

  • Comb.
  • Finnish.
  • Double, triple and others.

It is the giving of such a configuration to the timber that makes it more interesting in the construction wooden houses... A log house made of profiled timber does not need subsequent finishing works outside, since in addition to a good aesthetic appearance, it is protected from the penetration of cold and moisture.

The dimensions of the profiled bar are presented in the standard range of 100x100, 100x150, 150x150, 150x200, 200x200 mm. But the manufacturer will always meet the order with individual parameters, again, the cost of the product will increase significantly with this service.

According to the thickness, the profiled timber is used in this way:

  • 100 mm - lightweight wooden structures (verandas, gazebos, baths, outbuildings, etc.). Such a profile is also suitable for the construction of a summer house, which is used exclusively in the summer season. The profile of this thickness is two grooves, two spikes. In a cubic meter of lumber with a section of 100x150-11 pcs., 100x200-8 pcs.
  • 150 mm - building a house in regions with a mild climate. The profile of this lumber is a comb that will protect the enclosing structures from freezing. A cubic meter of a profiled bar 150x150 holds 7.4 pieces, 150x200 - 5.5 pieces.
  • 200 mm - the classic thickness of the timber for the construction of a dwelling. Such a bar is more expensive, but its thermal characteristics allow building reliable log cabins without additional insulation. For these purposes, a profiled bar with a section of 200x150, 200x200 mm is used. The number of units in a cubic meter 200x150-5.5 pcs., 200x200-4 pcs.

Important!
To achieve the best performance in terms of thermal insulation, it is required to use a sealant, for example, jute felt.
It must be placed between the grooves to avoid possible gaps.
The advantage of such a sealant is that it will take the form that will be needed.

Profiled beams with a length of 6 meters are produced as standard. But just as in the case of the configuration and parameters of the profile section, the manufacturer will take into account your wishes regarding the length.

Features regarding construction

Finally, we will indicate a few important points that an ordinary builder may not know about:


  • Second, all lumber should be treated with antiseptics and other protective agents to increase insect protection and reduce the risk of accidental fire.

  • Thirdly, the process of laying the timber is quite simple, but it still requires certain knowledge in this matter, if you have never encountered such an action, it is better to entrust the work to specialists.

A warm and safe home is the dream of many people. A house built of wood is not only warm and reliable, but also environmentally friendly. Modern technologies construction offer different options construction of wooden houses. Perhaps the best is the construction of a house from a bar.

The beam minimizes the unpredictability of the behavior of the tree during operation, and therefore is optimal building material... Timber houses are completed in one season and have a minimum durability of 50 years. There are 4 types of timber used in the production of wooden houses: solid non-profiled, solid profiled, glued profiled and the so-called LVL (from the English LVL - Laminated Veneer Lumber).

Which one is better to use to get a house that is optimal in terms of price / quality ratio? Consider the pros and cons of each type.

One-piece non-profiled

The beam is made from a solid log, from which a round edge is cut on four sides. For the construction of residential buildings, as a rule, naturally dried timber 150x150 mm is used.

  • low cost;
  • availability on any sawmill, that is, by choosing the nearest one, the issue of the delivery of building material is easily resolved.
  • warping, shrinkage and cracking are the disadvantages of natural drying wood;
  • wood defects - internal rot, flying knots, foci of damage by insect pests, fungus, manifested after the completion of construction;
  • the need for additional finishing - does not undergo finishing, therefore it needs additional finishing;
  • the need for reinforced insulation of the seams - does not have strict transverse dimensions and evenness of the saw cut, as a result - large gaps between the crowns;
  • low manufacturability - initially not suitable for the construction of walls, so you have to make additional reinforcements load-bearing walls and corners of the house, and this is extra labor and time.

The price of a whole non-profiled timber of natural moisture is about 9500 rubles. per cubic meter Plus the cost of finishing, mandatory processing with fire retardant compounds and additional work.

Conclusion: not the most good material for building a house, but if you have workers, patience, accuracy and attention to detail during construction, you can build a house from it, and for reasonable money.

One-piece profiled

The bar is also made from a solid log, only at the same time it is driven through special equipment, where ideal geometric dimensions are given to it, a special lock profile is selected and, of course, planed to give an aesthetic appearance.

  • low probability of warpage - the technology of industrial drying of wood makes it possible to achieve 10-15% moisture content in the final material with practically no deformation consequences;
  • does not need additional processing and finishing of the walls;
  • high precision of connections (no gaps);
  • manufacturability - profiles-locks greatly facilitate the construction process.
  • all possible defects of wood, which were mentioned above;
  • the need for additional time for shrinkage - after all, the existing probability of shrinkage and warpage of solid beams requires time for the finished walls to shrink.

The price for one-piece profiled timber of chamber drying is on average 12,000 rubles. per cubic meter More expensive than unfiltered, but the final result is much higher in quality.

Conclusion: after treatment with fire-retardant protection, subject to construction technology, perhaps the best choice in terms of price / quality ratio, however, one must be prepared to deal with possible "surprises" from a solid bar.

Glued profiled timber

As the name implies, this type of timber is also calibrated and equipped with a lock profile. However, it is made not from a solid log, but from separate blocks. They are glued together under pressure with a special glue.

  • all the advantages of a profiled bar;
  • resistance to warpage - thanks to the combination different types wood when collecting blocks for one log, further deformation, cracking is absolutely excluded and shrinkage of finished beams is practically excluded;
  • no need for additional time for shrinkage - a house built of laminated veneer lumber does not shrink and is suitable for habitation almost immediately after completion of construction.
  • high price;
  • low environmental friendliness compared to a solid bar - glue foreign material;
  • the natural circulation of moisture inside the timber is somewhat disturbed, due to the use of glue, moisture is not able to circulate between the layers, because of this, a slight violation of the microclimate inside the house is possible.

The price of laminated veneer lumber is on average 25,000 rubles. per cube - twice as expensive as a solid one. However, it should be noted that the cost of a project of wooden houses made of glued beams is no different from similar projects of houses made of solid timber, and in the costs of the construction itself, the cost of walls is about half of the entire construction budget. Consequently, the final house will not rise in price by much. In addition, with a reduction in construction time, and when using glued beams, as mentioned above, it is minimal, the cost of work also decreases.

Conclusion: if there is an opportunity to spend money on this expensive version of the timber, then for the quick construction of a turnkey wooden house this is the best way, otherwise it is probably better to stay with a solid profiled bar.

LVL bar

The manufacturing technology of LVL timber resembles the technology of laminated veneer lumber, only it is glued not from blocks, but from 3 mm veneer. Plywood is produced in almost the same way, only, in contrast to it, the wood of adjacent layers in the LVL bar is located parallel to each other relative to the fibers. This allows you to process this type of timber in the same way as solid or glued timber. When gluing, the density of the various layers is selected in such a way that the denser layers are on the outside, and the softer ones are on the inside.

  • all the advantages of profiled glued beams, only raised to the rank of absolute;
  • increased strength and elasticity, as well as unlimited length makes it possible to manufacture spans of any size;
  • increased moisture, fire and biological resistance.
  • the highest price;
  • the lowest environmental friendliness.

The price for LVL timber is about 35,000 rubles / m 3. This price makes it unprofitable when building walls of houses from a bar, but since it makes it possible to increase spans without using support pillars and beams, in combination with other types of timber, it significantly expands the possibilities when choosing a project.

Conclusion: for the construction of walls, an irrational material, but quite suitable for auxiliary structures.

All conclusions are clearly shown in the final table:

Name Availability Technolo-
genicity 		Heat-
insulation 		Fire-, moisture-, bio-resistance Strength Construction time Eco-
genicity 		Risk of wood defects Conclusion
One-piece non-profiled ex. bottom. bottom. bottom. bottom. bottom. ex. bottom. Satisfactory material
One-piece profiled chorus. ex. chorus. chorus. satisfactory ex. ex. wednesday Very good stuff
Glued profiled satisfactory ex. ex. chorus. chorus. ex. chorus. ex. If not for the price, it would be an ideal material
LVL bar bad. ex. ex. ex. ex. not used bottom. ex. Very expensive to build. Excellent for strength members

Thus, it is always up to the person who will live in it to decide what the house will be like. Materials for construction must be selected based on their requests and available funds. From the analysis carried out, we can conclude that the most preferable for building a house from a bar are solid profiled and glued profiled beams, however, there will also be a place for other types.

What should be the thickness of the walls in the house

How to correctly calculate the thickness of the walls of a wooden house

During construction, wall thickness affects 3 parameters:

  1. Wall strength and structural stability. By all calculations, for construction two-storey cottage made of wood is thick enough load-bearing structures 160 mm.
  2. Noise isolation. Compared to bricks and blocks, wood wins, so we get good noise protection even with a minimum wall thickness.
  3. Thermal insulation. This is the main reason for disputes among the customers of houses made of glued and planed beams, logs. It is to increase the thermal insulation that glued beams are produced with a thickness of 175, 200 and 240 mm.

The ideal situation for the builder and the future owner is to build a house from a homogeneous material without additional thermal insulation. But for this it is necessary to correctly calculate the parameters of the wall.

The thickness of the walls of the house from a bar according to the standard

SP 50.13330.2012 details the calculation of thermal protection of buildings. There are many formulas in the set of rules - calculation of overlaps, flooring, external and internal walls, dependence on the climatic zone, full set to determine the characteristics of the building. But now we are only interested in calculating the dimensions of the enclosing structure:

d - layer thickness, R - heat transfer resistance (set for a specific region), k - thermal conductivity coefficient (depending on the material). For Moscow, the resistance to heat transfer is approximately 3.2. Average coefficient of thermal conductivity of wood: pine - 0.15, spruce - 0.11 (formulas and values ​​are taken from SP 50.13330.2012 and Wikipedia materials). The result is a wall thickness of at least 35-48 cm.According to the same calculations, Brick wall should be 0.64-2.24 m, and concrete - more than 3 m.

But we see a discrepancy almost everywhere: the thickness of the walls of log cabins rarely exceeds 140-180 mm at the joints, and at panel high-rise buildings standard concrete products - only 140-200 mm. How do you manage to live in such houses without additional insulation? In practice, the dimensions "according to the standard" are often impossible, therefore, the work of heating technology is taken into account in construction.

A Practical Approach to Determining Wall Thickness

When calculating, they rather rely not on thermal technical characteristics, but on a combination of thermal insulation, such as heating equipment and heating costs. What matters is the type of building (for permanent and seasonal residence), the type of fuel (main gas, solid fuel, electricity). As a result, it turns out that you can build from virtually any material, and additional centimeters only reduce monthly heating costs.

Question:
It is written on the Internet that for year-round living, the wall thickness of a house made of laminated veneer lumber 175-200 mm is not enough, you need at least 250 mm. Does this mean that houses with timber less than 250 mm are cold?

Answer:
It all depends on the heating and ventilation system. Even in a house with reinforced thermal insulation, there will be heat loss through the foundation, roof, when doors and windows are opened. According to our calculations, for permanent residence in the presence of main gas, the thickness of the walls in a house made of glued beams of 175 mm is sufficient, otherwise the savings on heating will not pay off the construction costs. If it is supposed to use electricity, then it is better to choose the production of houses from glued laminated timber 200 or 240 mm.

Let's summarize

For exact compliance with the standards, the wall thickness should be 48 cm, but physical properties wood (quick heating, regulation of room humidity, etc.) allow you to comfortably live in a house with a wall thickness of 200 and even 175 mm (with a slight increase in heating costs). More than 3000 GOOD WOOD customers can confirm this: in most projects, glued laminated timber of 175 and 200 mm is used. The main thing is to correctly and efficiently complete the connection nodes, correctly install energy-efficient windows, and think over the ventilation system.

Wood is different from wood: thickness is real and ideal

The thickness of the walls of the solid wood house

When building a house from a rounded log, it is necessary to take into account the differences in waves - a diameter of 200 mm at the junction gives 100-120 mm. Accordingly, in bottlenecks protection drops by 40-50%. Thermal insulation must be considered precisely according to the characteristics at the joints. The second danger of the massif is the cracks in the wood and the gaps between the crowns. In the first months (up to one and a half years), the material goes through a stage of intense shrinkage - the tree takes on its final shape, the fibers twist and crack. The cracks sometimes reach the center of the log or split the timber in two.
When cracks and gaps appear, the thermal insulation falls. If the wall is open (builders recommend abandoning finishing and insulation in the first year), then it will be caulked. In the future, it is recommended to carry out inspections, repair cracks and renew the inter-crown insulation every 5-7 years.

The thickness of the walls of the house made of laminated veneer lumber

The situation is more pleasant - the high-tech material is glued from several pre-dried lamellas. The shape does not change over the years, the multilayer structure protects against deep cracks. As a result, the initial thermal insulation remains at the design level. At least the owners' reviews of laminated veneer lumber and the reports of the GOOD WOOD emergency inspectors do not report problems with the deterioration of thermal insulation. Theoretically, the thickness of laminated veneer lumber is not limited, but in most cases the standard thickness is used - 160, 175, 200, 240 mm.

The characteristics of such walls have been checked so thoroughly and in detail that GOOD WOOD specialists have developed a calculator for calculating monthly heating costs for most typical projects:

When building houses from glued laminated lumber on a turnkey basis, the calculator helps to estimate costs in advance and consciously choose the parameters of the walls, characteristics of the floors, and the construction of windows.

So what should be the thickness of the walls in the house?

  1. With a scientific approach to construction, it turns out that in any case, it is required to increase the thickness of the walls to unreasonable limits (up to 30, 50, 100 and more centimeters) or to use a layer of insulation and external decoration. With some materials ( expanded clay concrete blocks, log or planed timber) and it happens.
  2. Practice teaches us to include in the calculations the parameters of heating technology and heating costs, to find a reasonable balance between thickness and heating costs. The result is warm homes without increasing wall thickness or additional insulation. The main thing in this case is to correctly assess the difference between construction costs and heating costs.
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