Sociological research on the topic: “Value orientations of youth. Losun K.V.

Moscow Institute of Humanities and Economics

Tver branch

Faculty of Law

By discipline: "Sociology"

Values ​​and value orientations youth

Completed by: Kuptsova Ksenia

Student of group U-462

Introduction

Conclusion

Bibliography

Introduction

The problem of value orientations of young people in a reformed society, their structure and dynamics remains invariably relevant throughout the entire existence of sociology in general, and the sociology of youth in particular. This problem takes on a special significance in the conditions of socio - economic and spiritual - cultural transformation of super-ethnic societies in Russia caused by the situation transitional transition, accompanied by a radical reassessment political and economic values.

In our time, there is an acute question about the value orientations of modern Russian society and, in particular, young people. Young people are a new generation that must replace their parents and support society and the state. In the current transitional situation, significant attention should be paid to youth as a natural environment for the formation of the future and the elite of the state. Young people of today make their historical choices.

The future state of society largely depends on what value potential will be formed. The value is social by its nature and is formed only at the level of social community…. Individual value values ​​formed in the process of activity are social, collective phenomena.

The study of the value orientations of young people makes it possible to identify both the direction of further development, and the degree of adaptation of students to new social conditions and their innovative potential.

The analysis of the values ​​of young people is of fundamental importance for studying the evolution of the spiritual world of a given socio-demographic group and social relations into which it is integrated in the process of socialization. The value orientations of young people express not only the personal interests and needs of young people, but also their attitude to society and its problems. The study of value orientations makes it possible to adjust values ​​in the right direction. The value orientations of young men and women serve as a kind of indicator of the development of society. Therefore, it is important that at this stage of socialization young people have formed "normal" values ​​that do not contradict the interests of society, which will remain fairly stable in the future.

Taking into account the dynamics of value orientations of modern youth is a necessary prerequisite for effective youth policy, without their knowledge, without knowledge of what young people are concerned about today, whether they believe in anything, one cannot count on success.

1. The concept of value and value orientation

Values ​​are generally accepted ideas of people about goals and ways to achieve them, which are prescribed for them by certain socially accepted ways of behaving. They form the basis of moral principles. Each social system establishes its own system of social values. Awareness and assimilation of values ​​is carried out in the process of primary socialization of the individual. After that, they remain quite stable, undergoing significant changes only during the crisis periods of a person's life and his social environment. Value orientations form the attitude of the subject of activity, which largely determines the direction of the social behavior of an individual in his daily activities. They play an integrative role in society, forming the most stable backbone of the social system. Allocate individual and social values. The first regulate the behavior of the individual in Everyday life, the second - his value priorities in relation to the development of society.

Values ​​are symbols of the integration of people into the human community. So the value of “being Russian” integrates people into Russian society, the value of “being Chinese” into Chinese society, the value of “being a Christian” into Christian society. Values ​​are subdivided into integrating - those that basically consolidate the behavior of subjects, and differentiating - those that separate subjects, revealing their specificity and peculiarity in behavior.

In modern concepts of sociology, value is usually understood as any rational goal of consciousness, the pursuit of which fills this goal with meaning. A special place in this sense is occupied by the concept of "personal meaning" ... The fact is that a change in socio - economic conditions leads to a change in human life. At the same time, human activity does not historically change its general structure, but the ratio of goals and motives of activity does change. The function of motives is that they, as it were, “evaluate” the vital significance for the subject of objective circumstances, give them a personal meaning that performs a regulating function and is determined by the relationship between an object or phenomenon with the subject's motives and values. In a personal sense, it reflects not only the significance itself, its emotional sign and quantitative measure, but also the meaningful connection of the object and phenomenon with specific motives, needs and values. In other words, value only becomes such when it is filled with meaning.

In sociology, values ​​represent a kind of prism through which one can understand the essence of the processes occurring in a particular social system, reveal their latent content and direction of functioning ", since the system of value orientations can be used to judge the nature of the development of social relations, the prospects for the development of society. Sociology is interested in value orientations, first of all, as a determining factor in the regulation of social interactions. In this understanding, values ​​are considered as the main element of culture, the basis of the value-normative mechanism of social regulation of the behavior of groups and communities.

A change in social values ​​from the outside turns into a reassessment of values ​​from the inside, a change in the personal meaning of objects and phenomena is possible either by rethinking their place and role in the life of the subject, including them in a wider context of semantic connections with more diverse motives, needs and values, or as a result of a restructuring of the motives themselves and values.

2. Characteristics of modern youth as a social stratum of society

Every historical epoch had its own ideals and values. For example, in Orthodox Russia there was faith, in the Russian Empire the tsar was the ideal of a person, in Soviet times there were such values ​​as work, comradeship, respect for elders, and mutual assistance.

Currently, modern society is in a very difficult situation. After the change of the political regime, the country has not yet come to its senses. All foundations were shaken, value orientations were lost, spiritual and moral ideals disappeared. In search of new ideals, we lose our traditions and foundations and begin to destroy ourselves. We do not see the meaning in our existence, so we do not notice how we gradually disappear.

Modern youth is going through its formation in very difficult conditions of breaking many old values ​​and the formation of new social relations. Hence, confusion, pessimism, disbelief in the present and the future.

Some live in the past, listening to the stories of their elders about a wonderful time when all problems were supposedly successfully solved. Others, on the contrary, behave aggressively towards all innovations, criticize everything and everyone. Still others, in despair, go nowhere, get drunk, use drugs, turn into homeless people, take a criminal path. The fourth begin to search path to god , join "pseudo-religious" sects of various kinds, are fond of mysticism and witchcraft. Fifths, realizing that only with the help of their own activity it is possible to achieve success in life, they are looking for ways to solve the problems that arise. Therefore, young people are left to their own devices in all respects. Nowadays public opinion on certain actions on the part of the younger generation does not have the power and influence as, for example, 40 years ago. Therefore, the young have no prohibitions. They learn from their mistakes themselves.

A striking example can be cited as a pioneer organization during the Soviet era. Every teenager was to be a pioneer. Those who were not in it and did not wear a red tie were considered hooligans and were not approved by society. This organization disciplined and educated the younger generation. The children were engaged in social work.

Now our young generation is left to itself. Parents are at work, and teenagers, if they are not busy in any circle, then they have a lot of free time, which they spend on a computer or something else that is not very useful. As a result of this, not knowing what to do, what to do, informal movements are formed, a couple of which have a bad influence on young minds.

If we analyze the literature and the media in the 90s of the last century and the beginning of the 2000s, there was a time of crisis in the country. Addictions such as drug addiction, alcoholism, and tobacco smoking began to gain momentum. This was considered prestigious among young people.

Now the trend is the opposite. Many young people go in for sports, especially new sports (skateboarding, snowboarding, cycling). A person who plays sports deserves respect. But basically all the same the residue of that "troubled" time remained. Now, in spite of these gaps, if you walk down the street you can see many drinking companies wandering around the streets idle.

value material moral youth

3. The main groups of value orientations of modern youth

The system of value orientations is dynamic and mobile. In the modern theory of value orientations, the entire system is divided into three large groups... They, in accordance with the triad of "eternal values" - Truth, Goodness, Beauty, - are subdivided into rational ones; spiritual and humanitarian; material and economic.

1)Material and economic value orientations.

This type of value today is distributed along the "planned economy - market economy" axis. The choice on it is determined by the economic status of a person, his or her belonging to a particular social group, economically active or economically passive. If this or that social group is an economically dependent part of society and needs the support of the state, it is extremely interested in state management of the economy and in the development of the state sector of the economy and supports the idea of ​​a socially oriented economy. Economically active subjects and communities are confident in the need to develop market relations and economic independence.

Since young people are an economically dependent part of society and need the full support of the state, it is extremely interested in state management of the economy and in the development of the state sector of the economy. Being an object of state tutelage, she stands up for a socially oriented economy. However, the paternalistic and, to some extent, infantilistic moods are being replaced by an awareness of the need, above all, of personal efforts. However, on the other hand, young people, being a revolutionary - reformist part of society, are confident in the need to develop market relations, whose principles are inseparable from the principles of economic independence. Since economic independence is the basis of political independence and a guarantee of political freedoms, students most actively advocate for the liberalization of the economy.

Modern Russian youth are showing great interest in knowledge and education in the hope of a possible adequacy of material reward for the knowledge and skills realized in the professional field. The most important life orientation of young people is material security. On the other hand, there is a phenomenon of a hypertrophied desire to have material benefits, which is not provided with an equivalent desire to create these benefits.

There is a split in the distribution of value orientations in the economic sphere, there is an obvious contradiction in the life attitudes of students. The closeness of the two positions (life comfort, success are possible, first of all, thanks to their own efforts, entrepreneurship; but at the same time the importance of meeting the right people, the help of influential persons is emphasized) is a reflection in the minds of young people of the specifics of the Russian economy, in which the principles of two different models economy. The entrepreneurial spirit, characteristic of a market economy, bizarrely coexists with the bureaucratic "market of connections", which determines the ways and means of obtaining, acquiring material, status, professional goods and values.

Young people believe that market relations have expanded the possibilities of the individual in terms of cultural identification, destroying the ideological dictate, undermining the power of traditions and gave scope for the formation of a wide range of ideas and value orientations. However, the implementation of the opportunities provided by the market directly depends on the available material resources. Most young people intend to try their hand at business, or at least get a job in the private sector of the economy. At the same time, there is a widespread nihilistic attitude towards the state, officials, political, financial and other elite. Many students argue that, after graduating from college, they will not work in their specialty and consider the level of income as the only criterion for future activity.

Of particular importance is the fact that the new generation learns to “make” money in a “wild” market, together with the market lifestyle in its worst version, it absorbs all its inherent features: aggressiveness, moral nihilism, disrespect for the law, contempt for the creative labor.

) Spiritual and humanitarian value orientations are traditionally divided into individually directed or ethical and collectively directed or political value orientations.

Ethical value orientations among young people are distributed along the vertical axis "utilitarianism - spirituality" and the horizontal axis "collectivism - individualism".

V At present, the public consciousness of Russia professes a philosophy according to which a person should follow the natural (and even worse, spontaneous) laws of nature and society (in particular and, above all, in the economy) as the highest manifestation of wisdom and the absence of a social ideal. Left to their own devices, young people are looking for the ideal on their own.

The collectivist orientation of young people is weak and is associated with the general democracy of the student community, and their individualization is conditioned by the elitism of higher education and its specialty, peculiarity and uniqueness.

Among the new phenomena in the field of ethical value orientations, the return to the religiosity withdrawn from the public sphere in the USSR stands out. However, there are some nuances here - turning to religion often has the character of fashion, and while we are talking about a kind of psychological religiosity as a certain state of the soul (faith in God) and practically not manifested ritual traditional religiosity.

Modern Russian young people are apolitical people. During the perestroika and the first post-perestroika periods, there was an opinion among democrats that the democratization processes would lead to a sharp increase in the political activity of young people. However, in many respects the opposite process took place: the interest of the youth masses, including the students, in politics fell sharply. A common occurrence in this environment is a lack of mature political assessments and judgments, established values.

) Rational-value orientations are based on the subject's limitation of the meanings of value objects and are divided into subjective-rational and objective-rational orientations.

Subjective-rational orientations, as a rule, are based on idealistic views, in which a person is autonomous, independent of external factors, on the values ​​of freedom. Value individualism, economic independence and political independence become the extreme poles of the subjectivist theory of values.

Objectively rational orientations are based on a realistic and collective understanding of human nature, on the fact that a person is an integral part of a social collective, a set of social relations.

The most pressing problems of young people are associated with the spiritual and moral sphere of life: the lack of ideological foundations of sense-orientation and socio-cultural identification of young people; destruction of the mechanism of succession of generations due to the general disintegration of culture, erosion of its value foundations and traditional forms of public morality; a decrease in the interest of young people in national culture, its history, traditions, in the carriers of national identity; the decline in the prestige of education as a way of social adaptation, cultural continuity and a form of personal self-realization; low activity of young people in solving national, regional and local problems.

The end of the twentieth century became in Russia a time not only for the transformation of basic social institutions and new social differentiation, but also for a noticeable evolution of the Russian mentality. The desire of young people for economic independence, autonomy, independence is growing, but the importance of the parental family is growing, and dependence on it is growing. V.T. Lisovsky argues that the crisis in Russian society gave rise to a special unconventional conflict of generations. In Russia, he touched upon the philosophical, ideological, spiritual foundations of the development of society and man, basic views on the economy and man, the material life of society. The generation of “fathers” found themselves in a situation where there is practically no transfer of material and spiritual heritage to their successors. At the same time, when analyzing the dynamics of value orientations of student youth, it is necessary to take into account the action of two mechanisms - continuity and variability. Changes in social conditions, a change in social reference points lead to the fact that the mechanism of reproduction of value orientations ceases to be the leading one, giving way to adaptation mechanisms.

Conclusion

Our life today is taking place under the sign of global changes in society, public consciousness, and our future depends on our current choice of development paths.

Having analyzed the concepts of "values" and "value orientations", it should be noted that if the first of them (values) belongs to the categorical apparatus of sociology, then the second (value orientations) belongs to sociology and social psychology. That is, value orientations are to a greater extent a sociological concept itself, therefore it is its phenomena that, first of all, are subject to study in sociology. Young people, as a special socio-demographic group, are constantly in the focus of sociologists' research, since it is they who are a sensitive indicator of the changes that are taking place, and determines the overall development potential of society. The effectiveness of the activities that are developed in the field of education, in the field of work and employment largely depends on how much the world of values ​​of modern youth has been studied, its attitudes, life plans. Not understanding the society in which young people live, not understanding young people themselves and their specific problems.

It should be noted that young people need to be given independence, because without it they will not be able to form as individuals. The contradiction between the emerging self-awareness of the individual and the degree of society's readiness to accept it and contribute to its further self-development is one of the most fundamental contradictions of social life, coupled with the desire to maintain stability and at the same time to constant self-renewal. The ability to such renewal depends on how this or that public organization takes into account the real needs and interests of young people. The future and the future of society as a whole depend on what the values ​​of today's youth are, therefore it is important to instill such socially useful values ​​that are eternal and that existed in previous times. And mistrust of youth, its values ​​is mistrust of one's future.

So, we can agree with domestic researchers that the opinion so widespread today about the commercialism of modern youth, its pragmatism, is due to the fact that young people articulating these values ​​are not very numerous, but very active, purposeful and daring part of the new generation, capable of thinking and acting. not like the generation of parents. It should be noted that this behavior of young people is a response to the challenges of the time. Therefore, it is necessary to see the most important social resource in today's youth.

Bibliography

1.Bakirov V., Ruschenko I. Youth: needs and opportunities / V. Bakirov, I. Ruschenko // Sovrem. about. - 2011. - No. 2. - S. 94-104.

2.Borinstein E.R. The system of personal value orientations in the context of socio-cultural transformation / E.R. Borinstein // Facets. - 2012. - No. 3. - S. 95-100.

.Golovaty N.F. Sociology of Youth: A course of lectures. - K .: MAUP, 2010 .-- 224 p.

.Donskikh O.A. Transformation of value orientations / O.A. Donskikh // Philosophy of Education. - 2013. - # 2. - S. 121-127.

.Kovaleva A.I., Lukov V.A. Sociology of Youth: Theoretical Issues. - M .: Socium, 2011 .-- 351 p.

.Lisovskiy V.T. Sociology of Youth: Textbook. - SPb: Publishing house of St. Petersburg University, 2012 .-- 460 p.

.Naumova N.F. Sociological and psychological aspects of purposeful behavior. - M., 2011 .-- 320 p.

.A. V. Petrov Value preferences of youth: diagnostics and tendencies of changes / A.V. Petrov // Sociology. issled. - 2013. - No. 2. - S. 83-90.

Tags: Values ​​and value orientations of youth Abstract Sociology

A.A. Argunova

FEATURES OF VALUE ORIENTATION OF RUSSIAN YOUTH

The article analyzes the value orientations of modern Russian youth, largely due to the transitional state of our society, the crisis of the socio-economic and spiritual foundations of people's life.

Key words: youth, youth culture, values, society, socialization, social adaptation, transformation of society.

The system of values ​​of society in all its complexity and multidimensionality has become the object of close attention from social philosophy and social sciences and humanities, focusing in itself many acute problems of our time. A special place among these problems is occupied by the problems of value orientations of modern Russian youth, which is largely due to the transitional state of our society, the uncertainty at this stage of its value system, the crisis of the socio-economic and spiritual foundations of people's life.

Consideration of this problem, in our opinion, it is advisable to start with the formation of a "philosophy of values". The theory of value as an independent philosophical discipline emerged in the middle of the 20th century. The development of a "philosophy of value" could not but be stimulated by the reassessment of values ​​that took place in this century. As L.N. Stolovich, the concept of value was interpreted in different ways in various philosophical systems, which was due to the extraordinary complexity and multidimensionality of the process of the value relationship itself1.

However, such pluralism in the approaches of various philosophical systems to understanding and solving the problem of value should not be considered a disorderly and haphazard phenomenon and should not be perceived in an exclusively negative way. Every philosophically significant approach focuses its attention

on a certain aspect of the value relationship. Moreover, it is precisely this multivariance of points of view that gives freedom of choice and allows one to dwell on one or another interpretation of value that most adequately meets the goals and objectives of a particular study.

In this context, we are interested in the interpretation of value as a sociocultural reality, carried out from various methodological positions. In a similar vein, the understanding of the value of A.F. Losev, J. Mukarzhovsky, G.G. Shpet, M.M. Bakhtin and others.

In the course of his activity, a person creates a new, socio-cultural world between himself and nature. Thus, he transforms himself from a natural being into a sociocultural being. J. Mukarzhovsky argued that the process of the formation of aesthetic value always took place in live contact with the dynamics of social relations, since it was predetermined by it and at the same time influenced it2. Thus, society itself creates these or those values ​​and it itself necessarily submits to them for its effective functioning.

However, when a society undergoes fundamental changes due to a radical transformation of its social structure, deep political, ideological, economic, cultural reforms, very often the value system does not stand up to the test. At best, it undergoes changes, and at worst, it simply collapses. Some institutions are being supplanted by others; instead of traditional institutional mechanisms, others appear - modern ones, characterized by cultural pluralism, focused on different, often contradictory meanings and meanings. As T.I. Yako-vuk, a new axiological reality is affirmed thanks to the continuing functioning of the fragments of the old infrastructure, the past mentality, the processes of social disorganization as a transitional stage in the testing of innovative sociocultural samples. Therefore, the main distinguishing characteristic of this reality is uncertainty3.

Radical changes in the life of Russian society have caused serious changes in the mass and individual consciousness of the population in general and young people in particular. Due to denationalization and the creation of market mechanisms in the development of the economy on the basis of mixed forms of ownership, commercial

the socialization of the public sector of the economy, the growing processes of globalization, two opposite tendencies are formed. On the one hand, old norms, ideals and values ​​are being destroyed, on the other hand, the mechanism of inhibition is triggered, stereotypes of consciousness make themselves felt. Young people are part of the social space that was organized independently of them, which violates the natural connection and continuity of generations.

History shows that the future of society largely depends on the position and social well-being of young people. Due to the peculiarities of its mentality, it is the most susceptible to changes in the socio-demographic group, it is easier to adapt to qualitatively new social conditions, and therefore is considered the leader of sociocultural changes. That is why the study of the processes taking place in the youth environment is a strategically important task of our society.

In Russian philosophy, interest in youth issues in the value aspect arose at the beginning of the 20th century. and associates with the name of P. Sorokin. In his work "The Crisis of the Modern Family", he highlights the problem of breaking traditional family ties that provide the functions of socialization of young people and the translation of socio-cultural experience4. This gap leads to the destruction of traditional values ​​and moral norms, or rather to their strict localization in the older age group, and leads to the limitation of their sphere of influence within the youth environment.

Since the mid-90s. XX century the problem of socio-philosophical understanding of the value orientations of young people is becoming central to Russian juvenology. Research is carried out regularly on the value system of the life of modern youth.

Of particular interest in this regard is a study conducted under the leadership of N.I. Lapin Center for the Study of Socio-Cultural Changes at the Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2002. Based on a representative sample, the survey “Our values ​​and interests today” was carried out. N.I. Lapin used a hierarchical model of basic values, in which the upper, most stable layer is made up of terminal values, or values-goals, and below there are instrumental values, or values-means. In terminal values ​​N.I. Lapin saw, first of all, the desired social relations, and in the instrumental ones - the qualities of the subjects necessary for the realization of the desired relations.

As a result of their research, the team of N.I. Lapina came to the conclusion that there is a general trend towards liberalization of the structure of basic values. At the same time, a greater stability of terminal values ​​was revealed in comparison with instrumental ones. This suggests that in response to the needs of adaptation to the dramatically changed living conditions, the liberalization of the Russian value space began with a change in the values-means, or practical qualities of individuals, that is, from instrumental values.

Thus, in modern Russian society, a significant discrepancy has arisen between the socio-cultural meanings of the main types of basic values. The most influential terminal values ​​remain traditional, while the instrumental values ​​that have rapidly increased their influence become liberal.

This difference in values ​​supports the earlier anomie in society. And in the near future, as N.I. Lapin, its consequences depend on whether the discrepancy in the form of a stable confrontation between traditional-terminal values ​​and the liberal-instrumental ones, or whether it acquires the character of a dialogue promising a more complex structure in the future5. Depending on this, certain value orientations of Russian youth will be formed.

Some of them can be talked about today, based on the results of research carried out by the Research Center of the Institute of Youth of the Russian Federation. They largely echo the conclusions of the team of N.I. Lapin. Priorities for today's youth are money and the opportunity to earn, and, accordingly, to get an education and build a career. A young man strives to create a good family, have good children (79%), be financially well-off (77%), healthy and physically strong (50%), professional in his field (47%), free and independent (33%).

The individualization of the consciousness of young people, an orientation towards the priority of private life, relying on oneself and the help of the closest circle, and not on society and the state, are also clearly traced.

At the same time, according to O. Martyanova, at first glance it may seem that Russia is experiencing a revolution of value consciousness today: laws and market priorities win, and young people, not supporting national cultural values, follow Western patterns of behavior. But these external

Signs of the value reorientation of the younger generation affect only secondary, not primary values6.

And yet, many researchers are not inclined to share this approach. For example, according to E. Omelchenko, the transition to the market entails the development of instrumental, market relations between people, personal relations are increasingly being replaced by business ones. Taken together, the importance of material resources in the formation of interpersonal relationships has increased fourfold, while the importance of moral qualities has decreased sevenfold. Thus, in the minds of modern youth, the material factors of life tend to prevail over the moral and ideological7.

Nevertheless, when studying modern youth, one should not make hasty conclusions, engage in moralizing, and even more so evaluate it in terms of "bad" or "good". For a clearer vision of the picture and a deep understanding of the processes taking place in the youth environment, we will analyze the socio-cultural atmosphere in which youth socialize.

Transformations in the socio-cultural sphere of Russian society are associated with the formation of a system of market relations. Social changes in the conditions of the instability of the social system, caused by the need to adapt to rapidly changing social conditions, led to the reform of many spheres of public life. When discussing the state of affairs in modern Russia, the most common formula, as N.N. Volkova, the phrase became: "Russian society is going through a crisis" 8.

Many researchers agree that, to a large extent, the crisis in Russia is nothing more than a dead end in the evolution of its morality. Describing the current situation in the country, N.E. Pokrovsky writes: “In fact, a single field of moral guidelines has been destroyed in our society. The notions of what is good and bad, moral and immoral, just and unjust are extremely fragmented and most often reflect purely group interests ”9.

The crisis of Russian society is the disintegration of a certain way of life and thinking. Therefore, the ideological crisis associated with the crisis of the value system is especially acutely felt. Spiritual loss, on the one hand, and an active search for a new value system, on the other, characterize the contemporary socio-cultural situation in Russia. The presented picture is the background in the context of which the orientation and reorientation of the value attitudes of young people takes place.

Changes in the value orientations of young people are associated with the essentially objective process of the evolution of social relations. And it is not the transformation process itself that causes anxiety, but how it occurs, what direction it has.

Modern youth socialized during the period of the collapse of the social system, when trust in the old social institutions and, in many respects, in societal values ​​was undermined. The new generation was practically freed from the assimilation of traditional values ​​and social norms, freed from respect for power and social institutions, from mastering the past experience of older generations. Such "freedom", as K. Muzdybaev justly notes, could not but lead to a weakening of the normative nature and law-abidingness among the younger generation10.

The development of the qualities of young people that are important for the market, which are gaining ground in Russia with a certain degree of success, goes hand in hand with confusion - a lack of understanding of what is happening, a growing distrust of the authorities. The total crisis gave rise to a situation of deep ideological disorientation in the youth environment, and one should not hope that the situation will be resolved by itself. The hierarchy of values ​​and systems of meanings are no longer common to all young people. The destruction of normativity is manifested in the disintegration of cultural and ethical social norms as generally accepted rules of behavior. According to M.Yu. Lokov, over the past decades, there has been a latent erosion of the norms and patterns of youth behavior, which has deformed the existing mechanism of intergenerational transmission of traditional values11.

Under these conditions, a young person increasingly carries out his life activity as an autonomous subject making an independent choice among the abundance of available benefits and information, among the many offered values ​​and lifestyles. However, the urgent need for self-determination, objectively forcing young people to independently search for new significant models, in the absence of stable value and moral imperatives, increases the mosaic nature and fragmentation of both social experience and the consciousness of young people, contributes to the emergence of conflicting value worlds in their midst.

The socialization of modern young people was carried out already in the conditions of a value-mixed postmodern culture. And as a result, the young man, being unable to clearly fix his position in relation to the

the existing axiological systems are unable to form a model of self-identification.

As many researchers argue, a person socialized in a postmodern culture is not only devoid of any moral guidelines, but also incapable of identifying his personality with one or another value system, that is, realizing himself as himself. Thus, the absence of clearly perceived value priorities leads to the fact that a young person can morally choose any behavioral strategy, but does not have a value basis in order to make a choice in favor of any one of the equally possible ones.

Those who accuse modern youth of immorality and lack of spirituality are missing a very important detail: the youth that we have today is wholly and completely a product of modern culture. As a result of the crisis processes taking place in modern society and, especially, in the cultural sphere, we quite naturally get “crisis” youth with a deformed value consciousness and an unstable value system in general. Society itself generates young people with a vague and sometimes even situational axiological system.

However, it would be inappropriate to fully justify the current behavior of young people and to relieve them of responsibility for choosing a particular life strategy. The problem of the formation of young people's value orientations is nothing more than a specific process of their socialization, which is an integral result of the interaction of two integral systems: on the one hand, a society that affects a person, on the other, a person who actively and selectively assimilates the previous experience of society, norms, values ​​and traditions. At the same time, not everything is as simple and transparent about freedom of choice as it might seem at first glance. And in this context, I would like to draw attention to two aspects.

First, speaking about the freedom of choice of young people, it should be noted that their freedom is very conditional. They are free only within the cultural space in which they are, they choose only from those life scenarios and models of behavior that a given culture in a given society offers them. But if this provision is applicable to almost any society, then the second aspect concerns exclusively modern postmodern society. Postmodern culture, offering many different options behavior and style

Lei of life, disarms young people and plunges them into a state of confusion. Due to the absence of any hierarchy of values, young people become “helpless” in the face of an abundance of choice of alternative life strategies. Providing young people with freedom of choice, society did not give them those value grounds that would allow them to give preference to one or another life scenario, did not teach, did not suggest how to make such an important choice in their life.

The crisis of spirituality in modern Russia, which is so much talked about, takes the form of an identity crisis, when adherence to one's own national ideals comes into conflict with the need to modernize society.

This state of affairs is exacerbated by the gathering pace of globalization. Under the influence of globalization processes, the strengthening of which caused the devaluation of local cultures and a shift towards transcultural forms of spiritual life, a reorientation of young people from the values ​​of traditional culture to the models of the modern youth subculture based on the Western value system is taking place. Against the background of the continuing decline in the cultural level of the population as a whole, the cultural disunity of nations and nationalities inhabiting Russia, new generations of Russians have grown up, oriented towards Western cultural values ​​and lifestyles, who do not properly know and underestimate the richness of the history and culture of their native country12.

Globalization is most clearly manifested in the unification of all aspects of society's life, especially value characteristics, according to the Western (primarily American) model, denoted by the term "Westernization". One of the most negative features of this process is the limitation of the possibility of manifestation of individuality both in autonomous social formations (nationality, nation, etc.) and in a single individual. The modern assessment system in the Western world characterizes a person in accordance with his success in the implementation of social functions, which are clearly expressed in the level of income. As a result, a modern person spends most of his efforts, time and money in pursuit of a certain ideal social status imposed from outside by means of mass media.

All this has a depressing effect on young people, and the need for self-realization turns out to be one of the most urgent for them. And the more society strives for external uniformity and rationality, the more clearly this

a subconscious need and all the more dangerous and antisocial character acquire the forms of its expression. Outwardly striving for universal well-being, the global society turns out to be more and more torn apart by internal contradictions. The paradox of this society is that, relying on reason, it simultaneously strives both for unification and unification, and for destruction and diversity13.

However, it is impossible to adjust the whole world to uniform standards - the standards of the West, it is impossible overnight to erase the history and culture of millions of people who do not belong to Western civilization, to abandon the traditions and customs that have evolved over the centuries, and to form a single unified cultural space. It is in such conditions of globalization that the axiological orientation of modern young people is formed, characterized by internal contradictions due to the interweaving of traditional mental structures with new global socio-cultural patterns and lifestyles.

And yet it would be inappropriate and very one-sided to describe the process of globalization exclusively in black colors. Globalization is possible, moreover, it is necessary and useful, but with the condition of changing the initially declared paradigm. It is necessary to strive not to unify and wash out the unique national traits of various peoples, but to develop common human values, with which national traditions would not come into conflict, but organically complement them, making up together a single cultural space.

And in this context, I would like to refer to the developments of L.N. Stolovich. He begins his consideration of the value system by posing a fundamentally important question: “Is the existence of universal human values ​​compatible with the national-ethnic, social-class, religious-confessional fragmentation of human society? Can we generally talk about universal human values ​​if people belonging to different socially and historically formed communities put different content in the value concepts of “honor,” “duty,” “good,” etc.? ”14. And he answers his question with the words of Aristotle, which express this thought in the best possible way: "There is something just and unjust by nature, common to all, recognized as such by all peoples, even if there is no connection and no agreement between them regarding this" 15.

Human values ​​are interconnected with national, individual, collective and group values.

They are expressed through these local values. General human values ​​and local values ​​dialectically complement each other.

Thus, the change in the paradigm of globalization should consist in shifting its vector from an attitude towards the development of mankind by increasing its well-being within the framework of scientific and technological progress to a new priority, expressed in the creation of a global society that maximally contributes to the manifestation of unique personality traits, interpenetration and mutual enrichment of various cultures and the development of universal human values.

Summing up, we can say that each new era in its natural-historical development begins with a reassessment of the past, its spiritual values. This is a natural process of the evolution of social relations and the development of society as a whole. Generations change and value systems change accordingly. Each subsequent generation brings something new to the axiological system. The value orientation of Russian youth is taking place today in special historical conditions. And in this regard, one should think about the following: how is the transformation of the value attitudes of young people taking place, what tendencies are beginning to prevail, how and to what extent can this be influenced?

The dominant tendencies of changes in the spiritual life of young people in the conditions of a transforming society and destabilization of the mechanism of socio-cultural regulation of the spiritual life of young people are: 1) differentiation and individualization of the consciousness of young people; 2) rationalization of value-normative consciousness, manifested in pragmatization, reorientation of spiritual values ​​from intangible to material, from terminal to instrumental; 3) deethisation of consciousness, understood as a process of corrosion of the moral foundations of self-regulation in the youth environment; 4) a departure from the acceptance of the values ​​of commitment in favor of the liberal values ​​of self-development and pleasure in the strategies of self-realization16.

To a large extent, this is facilitated by the growing globalization processes and features of modern postmodern culture, which cause in young people a feeling of uncertainty, which has a dual effect on the mechanisms of sociocultural regulation, since it contributes not only to deformation, but also to the reorientation of spiritual values, in accordance with which at present there is a slowdown, "freezing" of the process of degradation of spiritual life, followed by

restructuring of the value-normative order in society. Therefore, it is not so much about the disintegration of spiritual values ​​and the lack of spirituality of youth, but about plurality and the revival of the spiritual life of youth on other grounds17.

Thus, there is a difficult transition from one values ​​to another, the formation of synthetic value-normative systems that combine the old socio-cultural patterns and new emerging values.

Notes (edit)

1 Stolovich L.N. On universal values ​​// Problems of Philosophy.

2004. No. 7.P. 87

2 Mukarzhovsky J. Research in aesthetics and art theory. M., 1994.S. 93.

3 Yakovuk T.I. Uncertainty factor in the socio-cultural regulation of the spiritual life of youth: Author's abstract. dis. ... Dr. sots. sciences. M., 2006.S. 3.

4 Sorokin P.A. Selected works. M., 1994.S. 115.

5 Lapin N.I. How do the citizens of Russia feel, what they are striving for / Based on the monitoring results "Our values ​​and interests today" // Sociological research. 2003. No. 6. P. 30.

6 Martyanova O. Social values ​​of modern Russian youth [Electronic resource] // Newspaper "Petrozavodsk University" - Electron. data. - Petrozavodsk, 1995-2008. - Access mode: http://www.petrsu.rU/Structure/NewsPaper/2002/0524/5.htm, free. -Head. From the screen. - The data corresponds to 26.04.08.

7 Omelchenko E. Russian youth at the turn of the century // Bulletin of Moscow State University. Series 8: "History". 2005. No. 3. P. 90.

8 Volkova N.N. Formation of value orientations of youth in the conditions of a socio-cultural crisis // Otechestvennyj zhurnal sotsial'noi rabot.

2005. No. 1.P. 20.

9 Pokrovsky N.E. Transit of Russian values; unrealized alternative, anomie, globalization // Traditional and new values: politics, society, culture. M., 2001.S. 51.

10 Muzdybaev K. Life strategies of modern youth // Journal of Sociology and Social Anthropology. 2004. No. 1. P. 187

11 Lokova M.Yu. Structural transformation of the value orientations of young people in the modernizing Russian society: Author's abstract. dis. ... Cand. Philos. sciences. M., 2007.S. 4.

12 Education of youth by means of culture and art. M., 2006.S. 4.

13 Zubarev A. The problem of personality self-realization in a globalizing society and the prospects of post-technological world outlook reformation

[Electronic resource] // Site of the youth patriotic movement of the alter-globalist movement "VAL" - Electron. data. - M., 2008. -Access mode: Lip: //shw%Fa1-m1b.ga ^Mech.pbp? Op1yun = com_con1en1 & task = view & id = 115 & Itemid = 1, free. - Title from the screen. - The data corresponds to 26.04.08.

14 Stolovich L.N. On universal values ​​// Problems of Philosophy. 2004. No. 7.P. 93.

15 Ibid. P. 94.

16 Yakovuk T.I. The uncertainty factor ... p. 24.

VALUE ORIENTATIONS OF MODERN YOUTH

The article attempts to determine the value system of modern youth on the basis of the study. The authors compare the categories of values ​​and human capital.

Keywords: modern youth, value orientations

At present, the value system of Russian youth is significantly different from the values ​​of past generations. The value orientations of young people are formed under the influence of two main aspects. The first of them is the spiritual content, manifested in moral attitudes, humanism, philanthropy. The second aspect, influencing the value orientations of young people, has begun to acquire great relevance in recent decades - individualism, the frequent predominance of material values ​​over spiritual ones. In the life of modern youth, the main priorities are: a successful career, family, friendly relations, building useful connections, the ability to realize yourself in creativity or your hobbies. VE Semenov, on the basis of his research, identifies the main life values ​​of modern youth: family, friends and health, interesting work, money and justice (the value of the latter value is currently increasing). Closes the top seven life values religious faith. In other words, the value orientations of modern youth are the creation of a family, health care, the formation and development of human capital. In the most generalized form, human capital is a combination of knowledge, skills, abilities, health, etc., which allow a person to receive higher incomes in the future through investments.

Young people represent a special social and age group that is in the stage of formation and development, facing the choice of a professional and life path. In the process of a person's personal development, over time, his internal driving forces acquire greater importance, allowing him to more independently determine the tasks and direction of his activities, namely his value orientations. They act as a regulator and mechanism for the development and behavior of an individual, determining the form of achieving the set goals.

Value orientations are beliefs shared in society about the goals that people should strive for and the main means of achieving them. Value is often called what is of greatest importance to a person, what we are willing to pay the greatest price for. The philosophical approach defines value orientations as the main axis of consciousness, which ensures the stability of the individual, the continuity of a certain type of behavior and activity, and is expressed in the direction of needs and interests. Considering the value orientations of modern youth, we can conclude that some of them occupy a certain place in the structure of human capital. For example: quality education is a component of human capital, as well as one of the values ​​of modern youth, since it is quality education that is the guarantor of youth employment after graduation.

The value system of an individual and various social groups is the foundation of the stability of society as a whole. For example: moral values ​​act as personal constraints on the behavior of each individual and society as a whole. Material value orientations induce a person to action, to development. And if people develop, then the whole society develops. Therefore, the presence of value orientations of individuals and various groups acts as a guarantor of the development and stability of society. The value orientations of young people reflect the actual values ​​of a particular society, which are directly related to the long-term development of its general economic and cultural level. That is why now great attention is given to the system of values ​​of modern youth, because it is she who is the future of our society.

To determine the value system of modern youth, we conducted a survey among students of some universities in the Far East (Amur State University named after Sholem Aleichem, Birobidzhan, Pacific State University, Khabarovsk, Komsomolsk-on-Amur State Technical University). A total of 56 people took part in the survey, among them 64.2% (36 people) were girls and 35.8% (20 people) were young people. Age range of respondents: 17-25 years old. Table 1 presents the questionnaire questions and suggested answers.

social value youth society

Table 1

defining the value system of modern youth

1. What do you mean by the term "value orientations"? please enter ONE answer.	A. reflection in the mind of a person of values ​​recognized by him as strategic life goals and general worldview guidelines B. is a stable attitude to the totality of material and spiritual benefits, values, ideals, causing a person to strive to achieve them and serving him as a guide in behavior and actions B. preferences and aspirations of an individual or group in relation to certain generalized human values ​​(well-being, health, comfort, knowledge, civil liberties, creativity, work, etc.)
2. Rank the following values ​​in order of importance to you:	A. material (money, material goods) B. spiritual (creativity) B. social (family, friends)
3. What do you think will help you achieve success in the future? Please enter ONE answer.	A. useful acquaintances B. personal qualities (human capital) B. creativity D. other (indicate YOUR answer or HAVE DIFFICULT TO ANSWER)

As a result of our survey (for each question), we found the following:

• 1. Among the total number of respondents, the majority (46.6% - 26 people) agreed with the following definition of value orientations: the reflection in a person's consciousness of the values ​​recognized by him as strategic life goals and general world outlook guidelines. The smallest number of respondents (21.4% - 12 people) chose the third answer option and the definition of value orientations as the preferences and aspirations of an individual or a group in relation to certain generalized human values ​​(welfare, health, comfort, knowledge, civil liberties, creativity, work, etc.) . P.).
• 2. Arranging the importance of material, spiritual, social values, the respondents answered differently, but the overall result is as follows: in the first place in importance, the majority of respondents put spiritual values ​​(50% - 28 people), on the second material (30.4% - 17 people) , the third place was taken by social values ​​(19.6% - 11 people).
• 3. Among the total number of respondents, the majority (57.1% - 32 people) believed that their personal qualities would help them achieve success in the future. The smallest number of respondents (16% - 9 people) noted that only useful acquaintances will help them to succeed in the future.

In general, the results of the survey showed that modern youth, for the most part, perceive value orientations as some kind of goals, then what they want to achieve, then what they want to possess. Whether it's family, work or creative success. After analyzing the statements of the respondents, we ranked the types of values ​​they proposed, we saw that young people are interested not only in money and material goods, as many people sometimes believe. More important than material values ​​were spiritual ones, such as faith and creativity. As for success, modern youth believes that personal qualities and creative potential of the youth themselves will help to achieve it most.

Bibliographic list

• 1. Kuzmina N.G. Formation and use of human capital at the regional level (on the example of the Jewish Autonomous Region) [Text]: dis. Cand. econom. Sciences: 08.00.05. M .: RSL, 2007, 181 p.
• 2. Semenov VE Value orientations of modern youth // Sociological research. 2007. No. 4. P. 37.
• 3. Dictionary / Ed. M.Yu. Kondratiev // Psychological lexicon. Encyclopedic Dictionary in six volumes / Ed.-comp. L.A. Karpenko. Under the general ed. A.V. Petrovsky. M .: PER SE, 2006.176 p.
• 4. Philosophical Encyclopedic Dictionary. M., 1989.732 p.

1

1 Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education “Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after HM. Berbekov "

The problems of values ​​and value orientations are among the most important for the sciences dealing with the study of problems of man and society. As you know, any social group or community relies on a special system of value norms and guidelines inherent only in it, which determine the central idea of ​​their positioning and, consequently, functioning in society. At the same time, the value orientations of various social groups, although not without constancy, are dynamic in nature. Even in the period of sustainable development of society, value orientations undergo, albeit slow, transformation. Youth is the only social group of society that actively absorbing the values ​​and norms that have developed in society, gives impetus to the development and transformation of the existing given attitudes of society. This article examines the formation process, features and trends in the development of value orientations of modern youth. The main socio-cultural factors of the formation of the world outlook and value orientations of young people are highlighted in detail. On the other hand, it substantiates the need to improve both the institutions of socialization and to maintain a dynamic balance of the socio-cultural environment in which young people function.

social adaptation

social motivation

sociocultural environment

socialization

value orientations

youth

1. Atabieva Z.A. Youth resource of political modernization of Russian society: sociological analysis: dis. ... Cand. social sciences / Z.A. Atabiev. - Pyatigorsk: 2010 .-- 181s.

2. Baeva L.V. The Information Age: Metamorphoses of Classical Values: Monograph [Text] / L.V. Baeva. - Astrakhan, 2008 .-- 218 p.

3. Life strategies of modern youth: intergenerational analysis / K. Muzybaev // Journal of Sociology and Social. anthropology. - 2004. - T. 7, No. 1. - S. 175-189.

4. Ivanova S.Yu. Changing the value paradigm of modern Russian society in the context of socio-cultural transformations // Sociological research. - M. - 2009. - N 12. - C. 13-19.

5. Ilyin V.V. Axiology. - M .: Publishing house of Moscow State University, 2005 .-- 216 p.

6. Lapkin V.V., Pantin V.I. Values ​​of the Post-Soviet Man // Man in a Transitional Society. Sociological and socio-psychological research. - M .: IMEMO RAN, 2005 .-- S. 3-8.

7. The newest philosophical dictionary / V.А. Kondrashov, D.A. Chekalov, V.N. Koporulin; under total. ed. A.P. Yascherenko. - 2nd edition. - Rostov-n / D: Phoenix, 2008 .-- 668 p.

8. The latest philosophical dictionary. - Minsk: Book House. A. A. Gritsanov. 1999.

9. Sociology of Youth: Textbook / Ed. prof. V. T. Lisovsky. - SPb .: Publishing house of SPbSU, 2006 .-- 361 p.

The concept of "value" has always been an object of interest for philosophers, sociologists, psychologists, and culturologists, which is reflected in a variety of concepts and theories of values. Analysis of classical and modern sociological, philosophical and socio-psychological concepts of the study of values ​​and value orientations allows us to identify many approaches to the interpretation of these concepts. However, regardless of the specifics of the focus of analysis in modern socio-historical conditions, social values ​​are studied as the most important components of individual and public consciousness, influencing the formation of life strategies and the main means of their implementation, regulating social behavior and determining the nature of the interaction of social subjects.

The problems of value orientations are among the most important for the sciences dealing with the study of man and society. This is due, first of all, to the fact that values ​​act as an integrative basis both for an individual individual and for any social group, nation and all of humanity as a whole.

Values ​​are generalized ideas of people about the most significant goals and norms of behavior, which determine priorities in the perception of reality, set orientations for their actions and deeds in all spheres of life, and to a large extent form the "lifestyle" of society. A system or set of dominant values ​​in a concentrated form expresses the characteristics of the culture and historical experience of a given society.

Value orientations are elements of the internal (dispositional) structure of the personality, formed and fixed by the life experience of the individual in the course of the processes of socialization and social adaptation, delimiting the significant (essential for a given person) from the insignificant (insignificant) through the (non) acceptance of certain values ​​by the individual, perceived as the framework (horizon) of the ultimate meanings and fundamental goals of life, as well as determining the acceptable means of their implementation.

Value orientations can be defined as principles that bring orderliness into personal and group perception, attitudes and behavior in social situations. These are the meanings of life that individuals included in different shapes social intensification, are guided in their daily life by goals that largely determine the attitude of individuals to the reality around them and determine the basic models of social behavior.

Value orientations are not devoid of constancy, but their stability is dynamic in nature. Even during the period of stable formation of society, value orientations undergo albeit prolonged, but transformation. And during the period of revolutionary changes in traditional foundations, value orientations become radical, and often the processes of their transformation in such times are uncontrollable and spontaneous.

Any social group or community relies on a special, inherent only central idea. When this vision is destroyed or undermined, the community, civilization, are doomed to radical modification. As soon as the spiritual and cultural foundations - the substance of civilization - begin to weaken, we can talk about the beginning of its completion. The cultural boundaries of the unification of individuals, communities, ethnic groups, etc., not only create conditions for satisfying material needs and guarantee personal safety, but also bring a certain order into life, establish moral principles, norms, customs, canons, forms of behavior, etc. etc. Given this diversity, individuals who coexist in an indivisible socio-cultural field feel the need for common values, rules, attitudes, and norms that are unshakable for them.

The formation of various substructures of the personality's consciousness, including the value-based one, is largely determined by those socio-economic conditions in which a person carries out his life activity. Therefore, when society is transformed, the value orientations of the individual and various social groups as a whole are naturally transformed.

Modern Russian society is characterized by radical political, socio-economic transformations, the creation of fundamentally new economic conditions for life, the formation of new social relations aimed at the market. The structure of society and the social status of most of its members have changed qualitatively. The important tasks of its development were the problems of social inequality and property discrepancy, the emergence of polarized socio-economic groups, the division of society according to various criteria (attributes). With the differentiation of the social structure in Russia, a value transformation of various social groups and society as a whole took place. All this affected the change in social imperatives and values, the formation of new personal value orientations, which is more pronounced in the system of views of young people as a social group with an unformed value system.

Youth is one of the most important strategic resources of any society, playing a critical role in the development of the economy, culture, politics and other spheres. The functional role of youth today lies in the continuous renewal of the life of the social system, since in the process of its formation it actively absorbs values ​​and norms, responsively responds to social stimulation, changes, and often gives directional impulses in the development of society.

Modern society makes unconditional requirements for individuals, which create difficulties and obstacles to entry young man into the system of commercial relations. To participate in the process of forming such relations, an individual must have a fairly stable life experience, solid knowledge, a more or less well-established system of value orientations and norms of behavior in specific situations. However, this is precisely what the overwhelming majority of young people lack today.

Naturally, social changes lead to contradictions and intergenerational differences in the systems of value orientations. This is due to the fact that the fundamental values ​​acquired by a young person in the early stages of assimilation of social experience are resistant to further social transformations, and therefore the values ​​of different generations turn out to be a reflection of the differences between social eras in which the main socialization of their carriers took place. Disharmony in relations between generations, an imbalance in the system of value orientations, embodied in the confrontation of various socio-demographic groups, leads to chaos, a lack of totality and consistency in society. Contradictions grow stronger between generations, a break in the semantic line occurs, a conflict is brewing, and as a result, the lack of experience. Significant values ​​and meanings, the peculiarities of their regulation and awareness are destroyed and disappear.

A specific aspect of modern life is a spat, and often an axiological confrontation between young people and the older generation. This is facilitated by economic, ideological, spiritual, psychological and socio - cultural factors. The contradictions in value orientations are concentrated in the sphere of consumer orientations, sexual interests, leisure, artistic preferences, norms of behavior, and attitudes towards health.

Market transition, value progression economic activity inevitably caused in the youth environment the conquest of the values ​​of wealth, power, prestige, social achievement, as well as misunderstanding from such submission in the generation of fathers. Today, for young people, the values ​​of fathers are no longer so important: service to their beloved work, selflessness, self-discipline, moderation, the prevalence of justice over profit. The behavior of modern youth testifies to the ability to adapt to any social transformations, which is sometimes modified into virtualization, that is, a spontaneous entry into the space of artificial structures, and as an external demonstration of this process - subordination to the media and advertising. Of course, some of the contradictions between generations are completely natural, because is associated primarily with age differences. Young people always want to stand out, and demonstrate this with the help of external attributes, for example, fashion, jargon, subculture, etc. Young people value innovation and flamboyance more, older people - tradition and proof (inviolability). Also distinctive features and inconsistencies are interpreted by the peculiarity of the cultural environment to which the person belonged during the period of socialization; some of them are dictated by macrosocial, territorial, historical processes.

Given these circumstances, today we should talk about the systemic unity of generations in Russia, about the entry of young people into the system of a generation, into its main problems. To do this, it is necessary to find distinctive lines (boundaries) of unity and solidarity between the younger and older generations, through which a coordinated connection of different age groups can be realized, as well as the adaptation of young people to social reality (life).

Speaking about the process of forming the values ​​of the younger generations, it is important to take into account many circumstances and factors that, in one way or another, influence the result of the assimilation of social experience by young people. The formation of value orientations of young people is carried out under the influence of the socio-cultural environment in which they function. The socio-cultural factors in the formation of the worldview and value orientations of young people include the family, the cultural sphere of the life of society, the education system, the dominant ideology in the country, the media, religion, advertising.

The family is the most important social institution that ensures the mutual conditioning of the individual and society, unification and determination of the importance of their needs and orientations. One of the important functions of the family is pedagogical, which covers a targeted educational impact on children, and on the entire system of relationships within the family, stimulating some and restraining other types of behavior. It is parents who often, without grasping it, form and educate in adolescents a set of fundamental moral values ​​and norms, spiritual needs, interests, inclinations.

The moral (psychological) climate prevailing in the family always affects the formation (socialization) of the personality of a young person. The situation in the family is fully associated with the culture, enlightenment, education of parents, their occupation, norms of behavior and orientations. Only spiritual activity, guided by parents and embodied by them in continuous communication with children, makes it possible to foresee significant results (fruits) of their spiritual progress. Here it is important not only to actively and selectively instill the norms, values, knowledge of the socializing person, but also to develop abilities, to evoke the desire to act deeply and thoroughly in different circumstances that the child encounters every day.

The educational system is fundamental among the social institutions for the formation of value orientations of young people. Education, fulfilling its socializing function, introduces the individual to life in society by transferring him a system of values, knowledge and skills, thereby contributing to integration into social life.

An effective factor in the formation of the value orientations of young people is the spread of a certain ideology through the system of social institutions. Ideology is a system of forms of social consciousness, which at the same time acts as a consciously determined form of spiritual life. Ideology is a concrete historical systemic reflection of the essential aspects of social reality and acts as a form of national, class or group consciousness and self-awareness, a system of accepted values ​​in which certain fundamental interests of a nation, class, group take different positions in relation to other nations, classes, states, historically social development, ideologies. It is the basis that allows society to form a system of socially significant values ​​of its members, that is, it is the guarantor of the stability of society.

Modern society has predetermined the emergence of new information technologies that have transformed information into the main value for humans. The criterion for the protection and progress of society is the transfer of social and cultural values, historically accumulated in the worldview structure by previous generations. They form the basic information, which is the basis for the life of an individual and creates conditions for the stability of society. Today advertising is actively influencing the understanding and evaluation of fundamental information. It elevates consumption rather than creation to a universal value, which leaves an imprint on the socialization of the younger generation, reducing its creative potential as a subject of the future development of society. Advertising, as a special mechanism for shaping the values ​​of the modern generation, is capable of creating a culture with its own set of norms and values. Often, the promoted values ​​and norms are in conflict with the tendencies of a socially significant culture, this presupposes the emergence of a new culture with new values, which seems to be the originality of modern mass culture.

On the the present stage social transformation has clearly increased the role of the media. Communication processes significantly condition evolution modern society... Under the influence of the media, significant changes are taking place associated with the formation of an information culture, on the degree of which the ability of young people to understand and process information, as well as to create socio-cultural stereotypes, depends.

Individuals are offered axiological, behavioral, conceptual models that have developed for mastering, which consistently transform the value picture of society. Significant opportunities for the media to influence young people are determined by the fact that their essence covers the entire range of psychological pressure from information, education, suggestion to management. The greatest all-round pressure is achieved in the case of a commonality of the views of the manipulator and the “donor” (perceiver), and since the knowledge obtained from the media is different, this increases the likelihood of establishing something in common with the recipient, the impact also increases due to the peculiarities of the consciousness of young people.

The formation of positive orientations and the use of the reserve of innovative entrepreneurship of young people for the purpose of social reproduction will be stable only with the active participation of both society and the state in this process. It is important here to improve the institutions of socialization and maintain a dynamic balance of the socio-cultural environment in which young people function in order to achieve their coordinated and productive influence on the formation of the younger generation.

Thus, overcoming the negative transformation in the axiological system of modern youth is possible if the unity between culture and social reality is reconciled. In other words, harmony must be achieved between the remnants of the past and modern market relations with various social roles, strong polarization and a completely different mentality based on unity, solidarity, patriotism. The progress of society should be ensured not by the antagonistic displacement of some values ​​by others, but by their existential (progressive) addition, the unification of positive features. In this aspect, values ​​appear to be a unifying principle. They generalize both the value priorities of individuals, formed under the influence of their needs, and the achievements of past generations.

Reviewers:

Kochesokov R.Kh., Doctor of Philosophy, Professor, Head. Department of Philosophy, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after HM. Berbekova ", Nalchik;

Kilberg-Shakhzadova NV, Doctor of Philosophy, Professor of the Department of Theory and Technology of Social Work, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after HM. Berbekova ", Nalchik.

Bibliographic reference

Kushkhova K.A., Shogenova F.Z. VALUE ORIENTATIONS OF MODERN YOUTH: FEATURES AND TRENDS // Modern problems of science and education. - 2015. - No. 1-1 .;
URL: http://science-education.ru/ru/article/view?id=18253 (date of access: 05.03.2019). We bring to your attention the journals published by the "Academy of Natural Sciences"

ABSTRACT ON THE TOPIC: "Value orientations of modern youth" In the discipline "Sociology"
Table of Contents Introduction 1. Definition of the concept of personality 2. Youth 3. Definition of the concept of value orientations 4. Finding yourself in the youth subculture 5. Description of psychological tests. Rokeach's "Value Orientations" methodology 6. Review of research results Conclusion References

Introduction

Give the young what they need

to become independent from us

and able to make their choice.

K. Popper

More and more young Russians want to live

in an economically strong rule of law,

without corrupt officials and

bandit lawlessness, where will

their talent and abilities are in demand.

Lisovsky V.

One of the topical branches of modern sociology is the sociology of youth. This topic is very complex and includes a number of aspects: age psychological characteristics, and sociological problems of upbringing and education, the influence of family and collective and a number of other aspects. The problem of young people and their role in public life is especially acute in Russia.

Recently, many complaints have been heard from parents and teachers against middle-aged and older adolescents - they have become uncontrollable, disobedient, too independent. This is due both to the characteristics of this age, physiological and psychological, and to the originality of the modern social situation in which adolescents grow up. So what are they like modern adolescents?

Any society is characterized by a complex process of forming values ​​and attitudes towards them, especially young people. At a critical stage in the development of society, it is important to capture and understand the values ​​of young people. Understand which values ​​are being destroyed today and which remain. How does this happen and to what extent are these processes predetermined? Does this mean that the world of values ​​is collapsing in general, or are we talking about temporary phenomena? Why do young people live today?

1. Definitions of the concept of personality

First of all, I would like to first understand what is meant by the word "personality" in our society. Because the youth, which we are talking about now, is primarily a person, is a part of the society in which it exists.

According to Professor Lavrinenko, the concept of "personality" can be defined only in relation to the concept of "man", because we are talking about a living human person and no other.

Social properties of a person are manifested, on the one hand, as his general human properties (each person acts as a subject of consciousness, activity and communication), and on the other hand, as properties of certain social groups, of which he is a representative. His general human properties do not reveal the peculiarities of his personality, for all people are subjects of consciousness, activity and communication. However, as individuals, they can differ significantly from each other.

The essence and specific social content of a person becomes clear when his social position is revealed, that is, to which social groups he belongs, what are her profession and types of activities, her worldview, value orientations, etc.

The meaning of the concept (category) "human personality" is to reflect specific social characteristics individual individuals, to designate their specific "social faces". This concept not only captures the social experience embodied in an individual, that is, the knowledge, skills, and abilities he has acquired for this or that activity, but indicates a certain content and measure of this experience and the socially typical features of a given individual.

Based on this approach to understanding the personality, one can point out the following most important problems of its sociological study:

The specific historical content of the personality and the identification of social and typical traits in it (for example, the identification of specific traits of an entrepreneur, worker or representative of the humanitarian intelligentsia of a particular country and historical era);

The processes of personality formation, including its historical development (phylogenesis) and the development of individuals in the process of their own social life (life path) in a particular society (ontogenesis);

The main components of the "personality system";

Social maturity of the individual;

The main manifestations of its spiritual content;

Personality as a subject of activity and social relations;

Social personality types;

The interaction of the individual with society.

2. Youth

What is youth? There are many interpretations of this concept, I decided to dwell on the fact that young people are a large social group aged 14-30 with specific social and psychological traits, the presence of which is defined as the age characteristics of young people. The upper and lower age limit of the youth group is different in different countries and different branches of human activity (statistics, demography, sociology, education, forensics, etc.).

You can see that this social group includes large quantities population, and everyone is a person. According to the results of the All-Russian population census for 2002, it is clear that the population of the Russian Federation is 145.2 million people. The age category of 10-19 years in 2002 was 23.2 million people. Specific gravity this age category in the total population was 16.0% (in 1989 - 14.0%). The age category 20-29 years in 2002 - 22.1 million people. The share - 15.2% has not changed compared to 1989.

According to the data, the younger generation of 15-29 years old in 2002 was 34.9 million people.

The following situation has developed in Russia:

On the one hand, the state is pursuing a certain youth policy.

A civil society that is in its infancy and is trying to unite in social and public institutions focused on creating conditions for the socialization of the younger generation - on the other hand.

And between them - young people who have civil rights only nominally, and therefore raises the question of expanding them.

Finally, there is a situation where young people are in demand, studying their problems and determining modern type relations in the new concept of youth policy in society.

“Young people are part of civil society from birth. And if it simply intensifies its participation in its activities, it will already be a powerful stimulus for the development of the entire community and the democratization of the state. The free activity of youth is the path to civil society, at the same time it is the path to a truly democratic state, which can and wants to receive a variety of youth organizations within the legal framework. Ultimately, the doctrine should contribute to the diversity of programs of social action of youth organizations and groups within the framework of the laws of Russia. "

3. Definition of the concept of "Value orientations"

What are value orientations? “Value orientations are the most important elements of the internal structure of the personality, fixed by the life experience of the individual, by the entire totality of his experiences and delimiting the meaningful, essential for a given person from the insignificant inessential. Value orientations, this main axis of consciousness, ensures the stability of the individual, the continuity of a certain type of behavior and activity, and is expressed in the direction of needs and interests. " “Developed value orientations are a sign of a person's maturity, an indicator of the measure of his sociality ... A stable and consistent set of value orientations determines such qualities of a person as integrity, reliability, loyalty to certain principles and ideals, the ability to volitional efforts in the name of these ideals and values, activity life position, the inconsistency of value orientations is a sign of infantilism, the domination of external stimuli in the internal structure of the personality ... "

behavior. Because of this, in any society, the value orientations of the individual are the object of upbringing, purposeful influence. They act both at the level of consciousness and at the level of subconsciousness, determining the direction of volitional efforts, attention, intelligence. The mechanism of action and development of value orientations is associated with the need to resolve contradictions and conflicts in the motivational sphere, in the most general form expressed in the struggle between duty and desire, motives of the moral and utilitarian order.

Values ​​are in constant motion: some are born, others die off, others pass from one kind to another. But all elements of the value system are closely related to each other, condition each other, complement or oppose each other. Values, before turning into a value orientation, pass through the filters of consciousness and are systematized. The concept of value orientation is closely related to the concept of value. Term<ценностная ориентация>complements the term<ценность>, accentuates its dynamic aspect. The mechanism for the formation of value orientation is expressed in the scheme:<интерес – установка – ценностная ориентация>.

In the process of the formation of a young person's personality, a certain system of value orientations is formed with a more or less developed structure of personality behavior. The system of personal value orientations, although it is formed under the influence of the values ​​prevailing in society and the immediate social environment surrounding the individual, is not rigidly predetermined by them.

The system of value orientations is not given once and for all: with changes in living conditions, the personality itself, new values ​​appear, and sometimes their complete or partial reassessment occurs. The value orientations of young people, as the most dynamic part of Russian society, are the first to undergo changes caused by various processes taking place in the life of the country. At present, interest in the problems and culture of young people is growing in Russian society.