In which land to plant adenium. What soil to choose for Adenium, so that the flower is pleasing to the eye? For home cultivation

When growing adeniums, proper watering alone is indispensable. Indeed, even if all the recommendations for caring for a plant in unsuitable soil are followed, it can not only refuse to grow and bloom, but also die.

In addition to the fact that the soil mixture should be nutritious, the balanced composition of the soil for adenium depends, first of all, on such indicators as:

• acidity;
• moisture and air permeability;
• sterility.

Basic soil requirements for adenium

The land for planting the plant must have a neutral acidity level. When choosing ready-made substrates in stores, you must carefully read the information on the packaging. Acidic soil(with acidity below 5.8) or alkaline (with acidity above 7) is not suitable for. In the case of making an earthen mixture for a flower at home, special strips can be used to determine the acidity level.

The composition of the soil for adenium should contain about 50% of baking powder.

In too dense and heavy soil, when irrigated, water passes very slowly through the layers of the earth. Such soil prevents air access and dries out for a long time, as a result of which moisture stagnates in the pot and leads to rotting of the root system.

However, when the proportion of disintegrants in the soil is too high, this significantly reduces its moisture capacity. Through such land, when watering, water immediately flows out of the flowerpot, depriving the adenium of moisture and nutrients.

And of course, when preparing the soil mixture yourself, special attention should be paid to its sterility. So, when using sand and garden soil, they must first be disinfected (calcined or spilled with a solution of potassium permanganate).

Soil mixture preparation options

In the bases for the mixture, you can use a ready-made substrate for succulents, provided that a sufficient amount of baking powder is added to it. So, adenium grows well in soil consisting of the following components:

• 50% soil for cacti;
• 25% perlite;
• 15% vermiculite;
• 10% sand (river).

Florists often use soil based on:

• 50% peat;
• 30% garden land;
• 20% vermiculite or river sand.

Video about the choice of soil for adenium

The soil for Adeniums is one of the most important components of health, good growth and abundant early flowering of your plant. Therefore, there are so many controversies, debates and disagreements around this topic.

Remember the main characteristics of the soil for Adenium:

1. Neutral acidity (PH value 5.8-7.0).
2. Air and water permeability.
3. Sterility.

I will not give examples of the soil composition of foreign breeders, since the choice of "ingredients" depends on climatic conditions and market characteristics.

Now let's take a closer look at each item.
I note right away that for proper watering your adenium will not die in a simple land for cacti, but in this case you practically have no right to make a mistake when watering, otherwise there is a very high probability of decay of the root system and having own experience and, consolidating their conclusions with the experience of Thai breeders, all the same, the soil for cacti without additives is too dense for Adenium.
When choosing a substrate, it is very important to find the very optimal balance of soil and inert disintegrants (up to 50%). If there are a lot of rippers, then the plant will not receive the required amount of moisture and nutrition, since when watering, moisture will directly exit through the drainage holes of the pot, if not enough, the substrate will turn out to be dense, and this contributes to decay and slow growth.

1. The degree of acidity or alkalinity of the soil has a great influence on the development of roots and the supply of food to the plant. Soil is considered neutral if its PH coefficient is in the range of 5.8-7.0. If the coefficient is lower, the soil is considered acidic, if higher, it is alkaline. The PH level on purchased soil is always indicated on the package, if you are going to use garden or other soil, then there are special strips for measurement.

2. Earthen mixture for Adeniums is based on peat soil and coconut substrate and should contain up to 50% of inert disintegrants, such as perlite, vermiculite, river or quartz sand spilled with potassium permanganate (building fine sand is not suitable!), Fine charcoal (not to be confused with activated), fine expanded clay, zeolite, coconut chips, coconut fiber, in extreme cases, you can use pine nut shells, broken brick, foam balls. There are also other leavening agents, such as sphagnum moss and pine bark, but they are not suitable for adenium, as they have big disadvantages: acidic PH and excessive moisture capacity.

There are such concepts as permeable and moisture-absorbing soil, these two terms do not need to be combined or confused, usually they are mutually exclusive. Water permeability is the ability of the soil to pass water, the degree of moisture permeability depends on the amount and properties of the components that make up this soil.
Moisture capacity is the ability of the soil to absorb and retain moisture, giving it to the plant in portions, the degree of moisture capacity also depends on the constituent components.
Detailed description each of these components can be read in the article "Soil and Baking Agents".

3. Perlite, vermiculite, charcoal, zeolite, coconut chips, coconut fiber, peat and coconut substrate are sterile substances. Sand and soil will need to be disinfected, if you are a supporter of calcining, steaming or spilling the soil with a bright red solution of potassium permanganate, then you need to prepare the soil in advance, at least 2 weeks before transplanting, to restore the microflora. There is also a method of sterilization - freezing the soil, but this method does not give a 100% effect.
So, before giving examples of soil mixtures for adeniums, I would like to quote the reasonable words of one Indian owner of the Adenium plantation, Mr. Haysoti: “The compounds in the substrate themselves do not mean much. , together you can give a good result. " I fully subscribe to these words.

Substrate options for Adenium:

1.30% coconut substrate + 30% soil for cacti + 15% vermiculite + 15% perlite + 10% river sand and / or charcoal. This is a universal earthen mixture, suitable for most climatic features of Russia.
2. 50% land for cacti and succulents or universal flower soil + 15% vermiculite + 25% perlite + 10% river sand and / or charcoal. Also a popular composite substrate.
3.50% coconut soil + 30% perlite + 10% vermiculite + 10% charcoal, sand and other baking powder. Suitable for cool summers and cool conditions, as well as for "waterers".
4.30% soil for cactus or Universal flower + 30% high peat + 20% perlite + 20% vermiculite. Suitable for hot dry summers and dryers.

Another important note:

When the composition of the soil mixture for adenium, take into account the peculiarity of the planting container, if you are a lover of ceramics, then the peculiarity of this material is that it is a good heat insulator, which means that it heats up for a long time, but also cools longer than plastic, the walls of a ceramic pot absorb soil moisture and the earth dries out in it longer, therefore, you should not get carried away with moisture-consuming additives, such as vermiculite. With plastic pots, things are a little different; in plastic, the soil quickly takes on temperature the environment, the soil dries out quickly, which means that additives such as vermiculite, which retain moisture in themselves, will only benefit. And the cooler the conditions of detention, the more time it takes to dry the soil, so be guided by this factor as well.
You can use the advice, or you can choose your soil composition based on the possibilities and availability in stores. Do not be afraid to experiment with drawing up an earthen mixture on your own, the main thing is that the mixture meets the above requirements and conditions, and then the choice is yours.

What soil to choose for planting adenium? How good is the ready-made post? Is there a universal or recommended composition? Is it better to buy coconut soil for adenium or prepare the soil at home? All florists who want to diversify their collection are asked similar questions. indoor plants adeniums. So, let's turn to the opinion of experts and figure out which soil to choose for planting adenium at home. Let's decide on the optimal soil composition for adenium. Can I buy ready-made potting mixes for this plant?

Characteristics of soil for adenium

What should be the composition of the soil for adenium? Experts from Taiwan, Thailand, India unanimously argue that there is no universal composition of the soil mixture for growing adenium. The composition of the soil depends on many factors: humidity and average air temperature in the area where the adeniums will be grown. Also, the soil components available in the region are taken into account, their pH, nutritional value, fractional composition, percentage of salt content.

In modern stores, you can find ready-made soil for adenium. This is the soil for succulents. But it, in most cases, has an "average" composition, that is, the components here, their percentage is reduced to the general indicators of humidity and air temperature. The finished soil will never correspond to the exact microclimate in which the cultivation of adenium is planned. That is why experts do not recommend buying ready-made soil for adenium, but preparing it yourself, taking into account all environmental factors.

It is recommended to prepare the soil for adenium yourself, taking into account the peculiarities of the microclimate (rooms, greenhouses). where the plant is planned to be grown. You can buy ready-made soil for succulents, but it is never ideal for successfully growing adenium.

More details, how to prepare soil for adenium at home... Pre-mix of two potting mixes

Rules for drawing up a potting soil for adenium

When composing the soil for adenium at home, it is imperative to take into account the peculiarities of the climate of the area where the plant is planned to be grown. These are humidity and average air temperature, flow rate sunlight and the length of daylight hours. The moisture content of the soil, its air permeability, fractional composition, pH and salt composition are also taken into account.

Soil moisture content (WHC). This is the ability of the potting mix to retain moisture between waterings. The higher the moisture content of the prepared soil substrate, the less often it needs to be watered. But here you also need to take into account the peculiarities of the climate of the area where adeniums grow. So, if it is dry and hot outside or indoors (air temperature is above +25 ... + 27 degrees, humidity is below 75%), then a soil mixture with a higher moisture capacity will be relevant. And vice versa, if it is cold or high air humidity (air temperature is below +25 degrees, air humidity is above 80%), then it is better to give preference to light soils with low moisture capacity.

The moisture content will depend on the age of the plant and the size of the pot in which it is placed. So, if the plant is large and well developed root system, and the pot is small (the roots are close to the walls of the pot), then the soil in such a system will dry out very quickly, and therefore soil with a high moisture capacity is needed here. On the contrary, the plant has recently been transplanted into a larger pot than the previous one. In such a system, moisture from the soil will leave slowly, so you need to choose a soil mixture with a low moisture capacity.

The photo shows black soil. This is heavy ground. It is highly not recommended to use it in its pure form for planting adenium, as it contains a lot of nitrogen. When watering, it behaves similarly to clay. Its structural particles interact with water to form a dense structure. The latter does not allow air to reach the roots of the plant.

The photo above shows coconut chips. Although it is able to retain moisture within itself, it is added to the soil to improve aeration.

The moisture content of the soil can be increased by: peat, coconut fiber, clay, black soil. Coarse fractional or river sand, washed, is designed to lower the moisture capacity.

Aeration or air permeability of the soil... This concept means the ability of the soil to pass air to the roots of the plant. Air permeability is inversely proportional to the moisture holding capacity of the soil. That is, with an increase in air permeability, moisture capacity decreases and vice versa. If we consider the cultivation of adenium, then the indicator of air permeability is more important here than moisture capacity. It is better when more air passes to the roots of the plant. This prevents the development of rot and nematodes. In wet and heavy soil, the root system develops very slowly. It is more prone to decay. Which adversely affects health and appearance flower.

Agroperlite is intended for growing indoor plants, does not contain heavy metals, increases soil aeration, is able to retain moisture inside itself and give water to the soil as it dries up.

Coarse sand is designed to improve soil aeration. But it has a very low moisture capacity and practically does not contain nutrients.

What can increase the air permeability of the soil for adenium? These are coarse sand, coconut fiber, vermiculite (non-toxic, enriches the soil with potassium and magnesium), perlite (you can buy special perlite for the garden and vegetable garden. Industrial perlite contains toxic elements), expanded clay.

Separately, it is worth considering the structure of the soil. Only structured soil will allow air to flow to the roots of adenium. What is structured soil? In appearance, these are small lumps of soil, smaller particles in which are connected by a binder. Let's take an example.

Separately, clay soil and humus are small particles. When watering on the surface of the soil, where clay or humus predominates, a dense crust forms, and the soil itself turns into one large lump, which will never let air through to the roots of the plant. If you mix clay and humus together, and then add water to this system, then lumps form before our eyes. They can then be called a full-fledged structured soil. However, such a structure is short-lived and is destroyed if an excess of nitrogen fertilizers is added to the soil. Therefore, it is better to maintain the structure of the soil due to components such as expanded clay, vermiculite, a commensurate ratio of peat or coconut fiber in the system.

In addition to the structure of the soil, its texture is also important. Texture refers to the size of the interacting particles. For example, ordinary (construction) sand is not added to the soil for adenium, as it has a poor texture. It is very shallow. Instead, it is recommended to use coarse (river) sand. It is larger, that is, it has a good texture. Such sand will pass air well to the roots of the plant.

Next important point- Do not mix small and very large particles with each other (the last two photos). So, for example, you cannot mix expanded clay with a particle size of 1 cm, sand and humus. Smaller particles of humus and sand will densely fill the space between the larger particles of expanded clay. Soil structure will suffer, and hence air permeability. Expanded clay for the preparation of a soil mixture is better to take with a particle size of up to 0.5 cm.It is recommended to use vermiculite instead.

Soil acidity (pH), percentage of salt... The optimum acidity of the soil for adeniums is in the range of 5 - 6. It is in such an environment that the plant grows and develops well, consuming all the nutrients from the soil. If the pH range shifts up or down, problems with the plant begin. These are diseases - rot, chlorosis, and general developmental delay. Why is this happening? In a strongly acidic or, conversely, alkaline environment, adenium is not able to absorb nutrients and trace elements from the soil, which negatively affects the condition of the flower.

How to avoid the problem? Initially, do not apply a large percentage of organic fertilizers to the soil mixture. This applies to poultry manure and not rotted cattle droppings. Otherwise, the pH will move closer to 0, that is, the environment will be acidic. Plus, nitrites and nitrates will prevail in the soil. Of course, nitrogen, like other nutrients, is necessary for adeniums, but manufacturers from Thailand and India recommend adding them less, but more often.

The next problem is soil alkalization. This happens if you water the soil for adenium with hard water. It is better to boil the water before watering or neutralize the alkaline medium with a few drops of lemon juice.

- the main condition for the full growth of the root system, trunk, as well as branches with flower buds. And although watering adenium is an important procedure, it is not enough if the crop is planted in the wrong substrate. The soil should be loose, sterile and breathable. Its acidity should be neutral.

The composition of the ideal land for planting

It is from the correctly selected composition of the substrate that not only the growth and development of adenium depends, but also the duration of its flowering, resistance to diseases.

For home cultivation

The soil for a plant at home can be specialized. It is only better to add a little charcoal and expanded clay to it. If this option is not suitable, then you can use peat-based succulent soil or coconut fiber. Such a substrate has a lower moisture capacity. The benefit of coconut fiber is that it is impregnated when dry. Fill the plant container 1/2 full with perlite, sand and charcoal.

For garden

To determine what kind of soil is needed for adenium, it is necessary to take into account the conditions of its origin. Under natural conditions, the plant prefers to grow in rocky areas with a lack of nutrients. For this reason, adenium is not picky about the quality of the soil. In the first place should be the looseness of the composition and air permeability. A good result can be achieved by adding a significant amount of baking powder (50%).

It is not necessary to add high moor peat and vermiculite in high dosages, since they not only loosen, but also accumulate water. Otherwise, the soil will dry out for a long time. It is better to use perlite and coarse river sand.

Important! The sand must be disinfected using boiling water or a solution of potassium permanganate.

How to prepare the soil with your own hands?

There are several ways to prepare soil for adenium:

1. Connect the following components:
   • coconut substrate - 30%;
   • land for cacti - 30%;
   • vermiculite - 15%;
   • perlite - 15%;
   • charcoal - 10%.
2. Mix:
   • 50% universal soil;
   • 15% vermiculite;
   • 25% perlite;
   • 10% charcoal.
3. Mix these ingredients:
   • coconut soil 50%;
   • perlite - 30%;
   • vermiculite and charcoal 10% each.
4. For adult adeniums, use the following mixture:
   • peat soil - 1 part;
   • perlite - ½ part;
   • expanded clay - 1 part;
   • large brick shavings -1 part;
   • coal - ½ part.

From the video you will find out what is the composition of the soil for adeniums:

What happens if you put it in bad soil?

Adenium loves loose soil with a neutral pH. The substrate for roses is not suitable for him. Soil works well for succulents as it contains sand. The coarse sand makes the soil breathable, which is extremely important for the full growth and development of adenium.

Note! You can check the acidity of the soil for a tropical plant using special strips. To do this, take 40 g of earth and 50 ml of water. Dip the strip into the solution and inspect it after 2 minutes.

With dense soil, the leaves of the plant become smaller. If the substrate is oversaturated with nutrients, then the adenium will begin to build up green mass, while flowering will be scarce or absent altogether.

- a plant that pleases with the beauty of its flowering for a long time. Only for this he needs a nutritious and loose soil. In this case, there are two options: buy a ready-made mixture or prepare it at home.

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A properly selected substrate for Adeniums will help keep plants strong and healthy, because the main problem of Adenium culture in our conditions is to preserve plants during the cold and dark period. A substrate that is breathable and dries quickly. Indeed, in the hot summer, Adeniums can be planted in clean peat with a small admixture of perlite, and they will develop well. At high temperature and good lighting, you can keep them in a moist substrate at all times.

But with the onset of autumn, you can lose most of the plants planted in a too moisture-consuming and dense substrate. With a decrease in temperature, Adeniums slow down their growth, their immunity decreases, and they easily rot. Even if you try to save the plants by transplanting them into a more suitable substrate, the survival rate will be low. It is better not to lead to this, initially using the correct substrate for Adeniums.

Adeniums can adapt and grow successfully in many completely different mixtures. In this article, I will not list all kinds of recipes used by lovers of these beautiful plants in different parts of the world. In Moscow conditions, it is difficult to get rice husks and buffalo manure, besides, the mixture based on them will turn out to be too moisture-absorbing, and in our conditions it will dry out for weeks.

I will try to outline my understanding of the principles of compiling an optimal substrate for Adeniums in Moscow conditions. If we want to achieve not just good, but excellent results, it is important for us to understand the needs not only of the Adeniums as a whole, but to take into account the characteristics of each specific specimen. For example, for a young seedling and an adult five-year-old tree, by definition, the same substrate cannot be used. For fast-growing species and for slow-growing ones, you will also have to make up different mixtures. I want to emphasize that you should only bother in this way if you want to get the best result and unleash the full potential of Adenium in our latitudes.

So, in order to prepare the best substrate for Adeniums, we need to be puzzled about finding the ingredients. In our case, it will be quite simple, although it all depends on the volume of the substrate that you want to prepare and the size of your collection. I will list the ingredients that allow me to prepare the perfect substrate for any Adenium:

• The first component is peat soil, I buy large bags of professional Dutch substrate. In more modest volumes, it is best to use substrates German firm Green World. A universal soil or soil for cacti is suitable. Do not buy substrates containing humus and "produced by California worms."
• The second component is perlite, which is sold almost everywhere. Perlite is a natural mineral, lightweight and very water-absorbing.
• The third component - fine expanded clay, sold on the construction market, is called "dry backfill", the main thing is to check the pH before use and rinse if the reaction is alkaline. But this is more of a precaution, I pour straight from the bag.
• The fourth component is granular charcoal, sold in stores that sell laboratory equipment, but you can also grind charcoal for a shish kebab. In order not to choke on the dust during this procedure, put the coal in a tight bag and hammer in it. But it is easier to buy already granulated, plus it is also activated.
• The fifth component is brick chips. I chop an old, weathered brick, it is very easy, in half an hour I get a bucket of crumbs with a fraction of 5-10 mm. In my practice, I often need more large fraction- 10-30 mm.

Using these Five Ingredients, you can create the perfect blend to create the best Adenium substrate. The key to successfully combining the Five Components will be an understanding of the characteristics and needs of a particular plant or a group of identical plants. It should be understood that only a few of the Five components may be included in a particular mixture.

Let's take a look at the principle of component selection using specific examples. Let's start with seedlings of fast-growing species and varieties of Adenium, as well as young plants (up to a year inclusive). We understand that a seedling needs enough nutrients and moisture to grow and form quickly. During active growth, such specimens grow a lot of foliage and, therefore, quickly consume and evaporate water from the substrate. The best recipe for them there will be a mixture of the following composition: 2 parts of peat soil: 1 part of perlite: 1/2 part of expanded clay or brick: 1/3 part of coal. The mixture will turn out to be loose and moisture-consuming, and since for planting seedlings and young Adeniums, we use small pots, it will retain moisture well. Another option is to mix peat soil with perlite in equal parts, it is easier and the result in such a mixture is not worse, although, according to my feelings, the plants prefer the first recipe. The conclusion is simple: the substrate for Adeniums that grow quickly needs to be made more moisture-consuming and nutritious.

For slow-growing varieties of Adenium - seedlings and adolescents who do not like frequent transplants, I recommend the following substrate: 2 parts of peat soil: 1 part of perlite: 1 part of brick chips: 1/3 part of coal, you can add 1/2 part of expanded clay. Such a mixture retains its structure well, it does not cake and remains breathable for a long time, which is very important for maintaining healthy roots.

For adult Adeniums, I use the following mixture: 1 part peat soil: 1/2 part perlite: 1 part expanded clay: 1 part coarse brick chips: 1/2 part coal. Such a substrate does not cake for years, retains air permeability and allows you not to transplant Adenium for several years. The larger the Adenium for which I am preparing the substrate, the larger the pieces of brick and expanded clay that I use to prepare the mixture. A coarse lava-based Adenium substrate would be ideal, but since such exotic components are not always at hand, you can crack regular bricks larger.

For Adeniums with a weak root, for naturalists or for rooting specimens without roots at all, I prepare the following mixture: 1/2 part peat soil: 1 part perlite: 1 part brick or expanded clay: 1/2 part coal. In such a mixture, Adeniums quickly take root and very actively grow powerful roots. This mixture dries up extremely quickly, it is important that plants with weak roots do not rot.