What are mortgages in axes. Types and types of embedded parts

When installing various piping systems and various connections, builders use embedded part. In order to make embedded parts in Tula, various steels are used. The production of such parts involves the use of sheet, strip steel, as well as reinforcement. These products can be of various shapes. An embedded part is a necessary element in monolithic construction.

Varieties of embedded parts.

1. Open embedded part
This type of product is closed with a plate on one side only. This design is necessary for production purposes.
2. Closed embedded part

In the manufacture of a closed embedded part, two closing plates are used.
In any case, embedded parts must have increased strength and resistance to corrosion. For the latter purpose, each part is coated with a special composition during production - galvanizing. With such a coating, embedded parts can withstand external factors for a long time.

Mounting method may vary. Parts can be welded by welding or embedded in a reinforced concrete structure.

The designation MH indicates that such items are metallic and cannot be recovered.

Embedded parts play a very important role in construction. These products determine how durable the finished structure will be.

Products are supplied to the construction market in finished form. It is also possible to make these parts to order. Modern production suggests the possibility of using buyers' drawings for such purposes.

With proper installation, long service life can be guaranteed. this product. The quality of the product also depends on the class of steel from which it was made. embedded detail.

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Embedded parts are called elements for embedded additional equipment and some elements of the water circulation system, the placement of which is planned at the design and construction stage of the pool bowl. If you do not initially provide for the presence of embedded parts, then in the future their installation will be very problematic. To choose the right embedded parts, you need to decide on the type of pool and its finish.

Stationary pools are divided into concrete, composite and polypropylene.
Concrete pools can get off mosaic/tile or special film, which acts as a waterproofing layer. The design of embedded parts depends on the type of pool and the type of finish. For concrete pools finished with tiles or mosaics, embedded parts “under concrete”, or as they are also called “under mosaic / tiles”, are used.
In composite, polypropylene and concrete pools finished with a film, embedded parts “under the film” are used, they are also called universal because if necessary, such an embedded part can be placed in a concrete pool with a mosaic finish. Structurally embedded parts for the film are distinguished by the presence of a clamping flange and sealing gaskets, that provide a sealed connection.

Production material

According to the type of material of manufacture, embedded parts are divided into ABS plastic, stainless steel and bronze.

Mortgages from plastic the cheapest, least strong and durable, can crack during unskilled installation or in the cold. ABS products look less aesthetically pleasing and eventually lose their original color under the influence of UV radiation and chemicals used to disinfect water. Plastic mortgages can be sleeved and non-sleeved. AT non-shelled mortgages the clamping flange is attracted by a self-tapping screw, which enters the "body" of the mortgage. With unskilled installation or re-installation, this connection may not withstand, and if you overdo it, the mortgage may burst. Also, damage to the assembly can occur after a few years, when the plastic becomes more brittle. Sleeved mortgages avoid this problem and ensure greater reliability of the attachment point due to the presence of metal sleeves with threads in the body of the mortgage. The flange is fastened in such mortgages with M5 screws, and not with self-tapping screws. It is much more difficult to damage this connection, in addition, it can be assembled and disassembled without any fear.

Embedded parts made of stainless steel more expensive, much stronger and more durable than plastic mortgages, insensitive to temperature changes, which is important for outdoor pools and do not lose their aesthetic appearance over time. Mortgages are made of two grades of stainless steel. Brand AISI304 used in fresh water pools. If the pool is expected to have an electrolyser or sea water, then it is recommended to use parts with brand AISI316 because this steel is more resistant to aggressive environments.

Embedded parts made of bronze belong to the equipment class "luxury". They are distinguished by the longest service life, high anti-corrosion resistance, resistance to mechanical stress and are suitable for any water, including sea water. A pool with bronze mortgages speaks of wealth, the possibilities and respectability of the client. The only downside is the high cost.

All stainless steel and bronze embedded parts require grounding to prevent galvanic corrosion of the metal due to "stray" currents.
When choosing the material for the manufacture of embedded parts, it should be remembered that they are poured into concrete, and it is impossible to replace them in the future without damaging the pool finish. The cost of embedded parts against the background of the total cost of the pool is small, and it is not worth saving on this, therefore we recommend paying attention to stainless steel embedded parts. If in the case of a concrete pool finished with mosaics, this is not so critical due to the lack of flanges and seals, then in a pool finished with a film, a composite or polypropylene pool, it is strongly recommended to use stainless mortgages, in extreme cases, plastic lined products.
The initial higher cost of stainless steel or bronze products turns into a benefit in the further operation of the pool, because the replacement of these elements is very problematic.

Varieties of embedded parts

Embedded parts are divided into hydraulic and embedded parts for attractions.
Hydraulic embedded parts name the elements by which water is recirculated in the pool. They are divided into two groups - intake devices and devices for supplying water to the pool. Hydraulic fittings include items such as skimmers, nozzles, bottom drains, passage pipes, water level regulators and overflow grates.

To embedded parts for attractions relate: plateaus and nozzles for air massage, hydromassage nozzles, water intakes, pneumatic buttons, mortgages for lighting, underwater speakers and built-in countercurrents.

It is recommended to carefully consider required amount mortgages and their location. When planning and placing the embedded parts of the pool, it is better to turn to specialists, because it is easy to install the elements incorrectly on your own, but it is much more difficult to redo it so that everything is correct. Correct installation embedded parts - this is the key to the stable operation of additional equipment and the water circulation system. Professional Installation embedded parts will be a condition for the uninterrupted operation of additional equipment and the water supply system.

Modern construction cannot be imagined without the use of embedded parts. These simple, at first glance, structural elements are indispensable in the construction of residential buildings, shopping and office centers, sports facilities, public buildings and workshops of industrial enterprises.

The secret of the popularity of embedded parts in construction lies in the fact that they are able to provide the maximum reliable connection metal structures among themselves or firmly connect reinforced concrete products with building elements made of metal, technological equipment, pipelines and other hinged elements that require rigid fastening of great strength due to the upcoming serious weight or other loads.

What are embedded parts?

This is a metal plate and reinforcement or anchor (anchors), fastened together by means of a welded joint. The plate can have a very different thickness, since the state and industry standards, the provisions of which apply to the production of metal structures of this group, allow the use of sheet metal with a thickness of 2 to 200 millimeters for their manufacture.

BUT
reinforcement and anchors can also have a wide variety of diameters. In addition, threads are sometimes cut or rolled onto them, which turns an ordinary embedded part into an adjustable component product, which greatly simplifies installation work during the construction of buildings and structures and reduces construction time.

So why did the embedded parts get such a name? The fact is that a metal plate can be embedded in a product made of concrete or reinforced concrete at the stage of its production, and the reinforcement remaining on the surface will allow you to securely fix the slab, flight of stairs or other structure by welding.

In the same way, with the help of embedded parts, various building elements made of other non-metallic materials are installed.

How inserts are made

The manufacturing process of embedded parts can be quite complex, despite the apparent simplicity of the product itself. First you need to choose a high-quality sheet metal of the desired thickness, and then cut it.

Embedded parts plates can be made in the form of:

• square,
• rectangle,
• trapeze,
• rhombus.

The required shape is obtained by cutting sheet metal(for products with a large plate area, laser cutting technology and high-tech equipment are used). Next, the workpiece goes through the stage of edge processing and is welded with anchors. After all the components of the product are connected into a single whole, the embedded parts are primed and covered with a layer of protective material, that is, galvanizing or painting is performed.

This treatment prevents corrosion of parts of the product that remain open after completion. installation work which greatly extends its service life. The last operations of the technological process of manufacturing these metal structures are the marking of the product according to its specification and packaging.

Places for installing embedded parts

These products are used literally everywhere where a reliable connection of building and technological structures made of metal with reinforced concrete products is necessary.

Here is an approximate list of operations in which it is recommended to use embedded parts:

1. installation of columns;
2. fixing aluminum profiles;
3. fastening of facades;
4. fastening of heat exchangers, tanks and technological equipment;
5. installation of searchlight masts, cell towers;
6. fire escapes and reinforced concrete flights of stairs;
7. hydraulic structures and moorings;
8. installation of reinforcing cages and road barriers;
9. installation of metal and louvered grilles;
10. laying of tunnels and elevator shafts;
11. installation of load-bearing and enclosing structures;
12. laying of crane tracks;
13. installation of window frames and door blocks;
14. arrangement of platforms for maintenance of tanks and other equipment.

Table 1. Operating conditions of embedded parts

AT recent times, the term "embedded parts" is found more and more often. In general terms, such a part is a metal plate with reinforcement (anchor) welded to it. Options for plates, as well as fittings, can be very diverse.

Why is this needed and where are they placed?

Embedded parts make it possible to ensure a reliable connection of reinforced concrete structures (RCS), as well as RCC and metal structures. And this, in turn, significantly increases the overall reliability of a building or structure, simplifies installation and leads to other positive effects.

The laying of parts is carried out in a concrete structure (usually, at the production stage of the latter, but not necessarily). Moreover, this is done in such a way that the metal plate is in concrete, and the anchor comes out. Thanks to this anchor, the concrete block can be securely connected to another concrete block or to an element metal frame. In most cases, the connection of anchors is carried out by welding.

From this it is obvious that embedded parts increase the strength of prefabricated structures, allow certain elements to be rigidly fixed and, in general, significantly increase the reliability of the object. This is probably why modern monolithic construction is unthinkable without them.

Where are inserts used?

Wherever it is necessary to connect two or more reinforced concrete elements or metal structures. Among the most obvious areas of application, we note:

• Installation of block structures, such as wells, channels and tunnels;
• Installation of load-bearing or enclosing structures based on reinforced concrete structures;
• Installation of columns;
• Installation of external facades;
• Installation of bases for masts, cell towers and other high-rise structures;
• Hydraulic structures, including technical reservoirs and reservoirs;
• Arrangement of window and door openings;
• Creation of foundations for buildings based on metal frames;
• Installation of frames from a metal profile.

This is by no means a complete list, but it should already be clear that modern building implies the active use of embedded parts.

What are the insert options?

As you know, general design quite simple - plate and anchor. However, the plate can be made of various alloys, have different thicknesses and shapes. The number and type of anchors can also vary within a fairly wide range - it can be round or profile reinforcement of various diameters. In some cases, the anchor may be threaded, which makes it possible to adjust the connection.

In addition, embedded parts are of open or closed type. In the first case, there is only one plate, in the second case, there is a plate on both sides of the anchor.

To give parts additional properties, they can have various coatings, for example, galvanization. This improves corrosion resistance and extends service life.

The technology for the production of embedded parts does not imply particular complexity:

• A metal sheet of the desired thickness is cut into plates of the desired shape;
• The required amount of reinforcement of a given type and length is welded to the plate;
• The finished part undergoes additional processing (galvanizing, painting, etc.).

Embedded parts have become widely used in construction, in particular during the installation of reinforced concrete structures (prefabricated and precast-monolithic types). In addition to the reinforcing and connecting function, these elements also give strength and solidity to the joints. Embedded parts are manufactured using high-strength steel grades. The main areas of their application are the construction of hangars and bridges, the construction of concrete, stone and reinforced concrete structures, the installation and fastening of facade elements, the assembly of elevator wells, the construction of enclosing structures and various repair and restoration work.

Device

Most embedded elements are a steel plate to which anchor rods, either straight or curved, are welded. A stamped steel plate without rods is also an embedded part. In addition, embedded elements include anchor rods of perpendicular, parallel, inclined and mixed types. There are embedded parts of an open and closed type, the latter being used only during the construction of buildings. During the manufacture of a reinforced concrete structure, before direct concrete pouring, the specified element, as a rule, is laid in a special form. Mounting adhesive may be used to provide greater strength to the part.

materials

The priority steel grades for their manufacture are 3PS/SP and 09G2S. It can be round, strip, channel, angle steel, although in most cases, of course, sheet steel is used. As for anchor rods, they are mainly produced from steel A-II and A-III class. The size of such a rod varies depending on the specific design. If there is a risk that the embedded parts will succumb to negative natural influences, then they are protected by applying a primer or other special coating to the exposed parts. Treatment with an anti-corrosion compound will give these elements durability and prevent the rusting process. To make the necessary calculations and choose the right mortgage element, use the formulas of building codes and regulations (SNiP).

Product selection

In order to choose a product, the following factors should be taken into account: the place of installation of the part, the calculation of the concrete working conditions indicator, the load indicators that are distributed to the embedded device, etc. Embedded parts usually have the following markings: MS, MD, MN, ZD. In order to give stability and solidity to structures, as well as to make strong mechanical connections in mounting places, it is necessary to select these elements with maximum accuracy and correctness. In addition, for reinforced concrete structures, it is necessary to predetermine the geometry of embedded devices, since these structures are usually supplied with marked connecting dimensions.