Examples of the use of biological knowledge. What is the significance of biological knowledge in human practical activity? II

With the help of this science, a person will be able to learn more about the wildlife around him. But, in addition to the purely cognitive function, this branch of biology also has practical significance. The naming of biological laws gives an understanding that everything in nature is interconnected, and it is necessary to maintain a balance different types creatures. You cannot simply destroy one species without harming the entire system. Such knowledge can convince a person that the ecological balance must be protected. Another branch of biology is, in fact, the study of the person himself. This knowledge is also important for everyone. Biology has become theoretical basis for medicine, giving her the opportunity to understand the specifics of the human body. But to know your own characteristics as biological species is necessary for every person. This will help you better understand how you need to organize your life in terms of nutrition, physical and mental stress. rational use of one's own body can significantly increase labor productivity. Biology is also useful in the field of economics, especially in agriculture. Knowledge of the laws of development of living organisms helped man to learn to breed new species, more adapted for cultivation in an artificial environment. This significantly increased yields and meat production, which is especially necessary for mankind in a period of population growth and natural resources shrinking. From the above, it can be concluded that the study of biology has changed many areas of human activity. But basic knowledge in this science is also necessary for non-specialists in order to successfully navigate modern world and do right choice, for example, in situations related to environmental pollution, or with their own health.

Biology, as a science that studies life in all its manifestations using a variety of methods, consists of many scientific directions, or sections, which act as independent sciences. Modern biology is a system of the sciences of living nature. It includes botany, zoology, morphology, anatomy, taxonomy, cytology, physiology, embryology, the development of which began long ago, and relatively young modern - microbiology, virology, genetics, biochemistry, biophysics, radiobiology, space biology and many other biological sciences. The names of some biological sciences are associated with the names of the organisms they study, in particular algology studies algae, zoology - animals, botany - plants, mycology - fungi, virology - viruses, bacteriology - bacteria. The names of other sciences are associated with the structural features and vital activity of organisms: morphology studies external structure organisms, anatomy - internal structure, physiology - life processes, etc. You will study the basics of some of these sciences, get acquainted with others, and perhaps only hear about some during your life.

Biological science is the foundation, the basis for the development of many areas of knowledge. Biology plays a special role in the development of medicine, agriculture and forestry, etc. It is closely related to other sciences - geography, astronomy, physics, technology, mathematics, cybernetics, chemistry, geology, etc.

Knowledge of the general biological laws, the characteristics of the development and reproduction of living organisms makes it possible to develop effective methods and means in the field of medicine aimed at protecting human health. Agricultural science uses biological knowledge to meet human needs for food, etc. Material from the site

The main tasks of modern biology are the study of the relationship between man and the environment, the diversity of living organisms and their interaction with each other, the study of the possibilities of prolonging human life and the cure of various serious diseases, the study of biological phenomena in order to solve the problems of technology, research life in the conditions of Ko-smos, etc.

So, biology is extremely important for solving many problems of the present. It closely interacts with medicine, agriculture, industry, and therefore it is considered the science of the 21st century.

Didn't find what you were looking for? Use search

On this page material on topics:

• the value of biological knowledge
• Significance of biological knowledge for the practical activity of people
• the importance of practical biology
• how a person applies biological knowledge
• where biological knowledge is used

Sections: Biology

Class: 6

The importance of biological knowledge for modern man can hardly be overestimated. In addition to the ideological significance, adequate ideas about wildlife are the basis of measures to maintain human health, the foundations of his safety of production activities in any industry and economy.

Therefore, the main goal of teacher education is to improve the quality and efficiency of obtaining the practical use of knowledge.

At present, in connection with the active introduction of man into natural complexes, the role of environmental education is increasing.

With the introduction of the Federal State Educational Standard in the education system, the main component is scientific knowledge and improving the skills and abilities to obtain them. Students, due to the appearance of information in the computer, lose the methods of organizing independent activity. Therefore, the teacher's task is to organize the student's activities in the lesson: to correctly motivate the importance of knowledge in biology, teach to pose a problem, find ways to solve it, analyze, compare, establish causal relationships, set up experiments, purposefully observe, draw conclusions.

Correctly organized project activity contributes to the solution of these problems.

One of the main methods in biology is targeted observation.

Analyze environmental factors, assess their impact on the human body, think over preventive measures, following the rule - it is better to prevent any disease than to cure.

A modern approach to teaching biology is unthinkable without establishing interdisciplinary connections with other academic subjects. The correct establishment of intersubject connections and their skillful use have a positive effect on the formation of a system of students' knowledge about nature and the human body, where the laws of different sciences operate: physics, chemistry, mathematics, geography, philosophy, etc.

The establishment of interdisciplinary connections activates the process of teaching biology, develops the cognitive interest of students in the study of various disciplines, and shows the relationship of sciences.

Interdisciplinary connections perform a number of functions in teaching:

• Methodological, expressed in the formation of modern ideas of schoolchildren about the integrity and development of nature, in their assimilation of a systematic approach, starting from the cell and ending with the biosphere, using from the physics course that these are open systems, but from the point of view of biology, self-regulating;
• educational, consisting in the formation of the consistency of students' knowledge about nature, applied orientation;
• developing, which reflects the role of intersubject connections in the development of systemic and creative thinking of students, transfer and generalization of knowledge, “analysis through synthesis” (L Rubinstein);
• educating, expressed in the need to establish intersubject connections in the implementation of environmental, sexual, hygienic, labor, moral, ideological and political education in the process of teaching biology;
• constructive, consisting in improving the organization of the educational process (planning of educational material taking into account interdisciplinary connections, cooperation of teachers of various subjects, the use of complex forms of organizing training, the study of curricula and textbooks of related subjects, mutual attendance of lessons).

Lessons using interdisciplinary connections can be fragmented. When individual issues are resolved;

• nodal, implementing interdisciplinary connections throughout the lesson;
• integrated, when knowledge from a number of academic subjects is organically merged.

Knowledge of biology is needed by people of many professions, especially designers, to model an airplane, boat, crane, etc. knowledge of biology is needed.

The lesson on the topic "Hygiene of vision" should promote the use of knowledge from other subjects: physics, chemistry, philosophy. Taking into account the introduction of modern technical means into the education system, the student must understand how to use them rationally, since this also contributes to the deterioration of vision. Therefore, the teacher's task is to help students relieve stress by performing a set of exercises, including for the eyes.

Tasks:

1. Give an understanding of the causes of eye infections and their prevention, eye injuries, their prevention and first aid; explain the causes of hyperopia, myopia and strabismus, reveal the role of vision hygiene; explain the causes of cataracts and leucorrhoea.

2. Use knowledge of related disciplines: physics, chemistry.

3. To promote the development of creative abilities and the formation of UUD: analyze, generalize, draw conclusions.

Equipment: eye model, tables, photographic materials.

Lesson type: learning new knowledge.

Forms of work: individual, frontal, group.

Lesson plan.

I. Testing knowledge.

Individually:

1. Sign the parts of the eye (on the card), explain their role.
2. Explain terms: macula, blind spot, binocular vision, rods and cones, accommodation.

Frontally.

1. Why Small child takes objects by the opposite end?
2. How is this corrected over time?
3. What serves to protect the eyes, what are their functions? Why do you need to know this?

II. Learning new material.

Causes of visual impairment (students at home are asked to think over the answer to this question).

A) Conjunctivitis, causes, prevention, first aid.

(A diagram of the altered eyeball and lens is given.)

Prevention measures... The famous Elena Keller advised a person born with normal vision: “Use your eyes! Live every day as if you could go blind. And you will discover a wonderful world that you have never seen. " There are people (80-, 90- and even 100-year-olds) who have the sight of a young eagle. They eat foods rich in vitamins and minerals and exercise their eye muscles every day.

Myopia is scientifically called myopia. This term captures the manner inherent in the short-sighted to squint when looking at distant objects. In the short-sighted eye, parallel rays coming from distant objects intersect in front of the retina, not reaching it. This may be due to a too long longitudinal axis of the eye or to a higher than normal refractive power in the middle of the eye (the curvature of the lens is larger). Accommodation cannot help such an eye. The short-sighted eye sees only closely spaced objects. In case of myopia, glasses with scattering biconcave glasses are prescribed, which turn parallel rays into divergent ones.

The farsighted eye has a relatively weak refractive power. In such an eye, parallel rays coming from distant objects are reflected behind the retina. The longitudinal axis of the eye can be short. In this case, a blurry image of the object is obtained on the retina. To move the image onto the retina, the farsighted eye must increase its refractive power by increasing the curvature of the lens already when looking at distant objects. An even greater tension of accommodation is required for a clear vision of closely spaced objects. If accommodation is unable to provide a clear image, then visual acuity decreases. In these cases, glasses with collective biconvex lenses (giving the rays passing through them a descending direction) help, which improve visual acuity and reduce changes in the stress of accommodation.

The development of myopia is promoted by everything that requires a long and regular peering into the fine details of an object - its insufficient lighting, too small print, and low contrast of the image in relation to the background. At the same time, emphasis is placed on the use of metasubject connections. Helmholtz also believed that the model of the eye is a camera. The lens is like the refracting media of the eye. The pupil of the eye corresponds to the lumen of the aperture of the camera. Refraction of light in lenses and in the eye follows the general laws of physics. If you direct light through the lens extracted from the opened eye of an animal, you can see that it collects rays into one beam, like any biconvex lens. by the type of refractive medium, the eyes make perfect lenses from several lenses. The eye is a self-adjusting device. It allows us to see close and distant objects. The retina of the eye corresponds to the photographic film. Of course, the photochemical reactions of film cannot be compared with the complex physiological processes of the eye. The eye is connected to the brain. Vision cannot be reduced only to optical and chemical phenomena photographing. Sees the brain, not the eye. Vision is a cortical process. And it depends on the quality of information coming from the eye to the centers of the brain.

After that, the students formulate the basic rules for preserving vision.

D). Ecology and hygiene of vision.

Visual impairment and impairment can be caused by:

Internal changes:

External factors

Report about Olga Skorokhodova.

Blindness is a great misfortune. In the old days, it was believed that even death was nothing compared to her. The blind in pre-revolutionary Russia, as a rule, were doomed to begging and hunger. There were 50 thousand people who were blinded after smallpox.

If individual analyzers are excluded from the work, then other senses are exacerbated.

O.I. Skorokhodova. Deprived of sight and hearing, she learned to speak. Write, read, became an active member of society, and then a researcher in the field of teaching the deaf-blind. Skorokhodova, while still young, wrote about herself as follows: “I do not ascribe any merit to myself and I don’t find anything special in myself, I consider myself an ordinary Soviet girl who desperately wants to learn. Without any doubt and boasting, I will say about myself that I love to work: from morning till night I am busy with something and I am looking for something to do. Idleness is the worst thing for me. ”

Another example. American E. Keller lost her sight and hearing in childhood after scarlet fever. She developed a strong sense of touch. They taught her. Writing the names of objects in the palm of your hand. She learned to speak and understand speech, keeping her fingers on the larynx and at the lips of the interlocutor. I learned to perceive music. Graduated from the Faculty of Mathematics of the University. She studied four languages, became an author of books, and gave lectures.

IV. Color perception. (Student message)

How multicolored the world and our sensations are. Colors are determined by the nature of the light waves. All paints are composed of three colors: red, green and blue. Mixing them gives all the other colors. The three-part theory of color vision was first outlined in 1756 M.V. Lomonosov when he wrote “about the three matters of the ocean floor”. A hundred years later, it was developed by a German scientist G. Helmholtz.

Complete color blindness is rare. More often there are people who are unable to distinguish red from green. They perceive these colors as gray. Such a visual impairment is called color blindness, after the name of the English scientist D. Dalton... Who himself suffered from such a color vision disorder and described it for the first time.

Influence of color:

• Yellow - cheers and invigorates;
• Relaxed - pacifies;
• Blue - causes sadness.

The colors green and yellow have the greatest beneficial effect on labor productivity. They sharpen vision. Reduce intraocular pressure, increase hand performance.

Red does the opposite. The yellow color in the cockpit causes seasickness. (Recommended material for use in daily life, when repairing.)

V. Anchoring.

Analysis of Fig. 105 in the textbook.

List the main causes of visual impairment and how to avoid them.

Vi. Homework.

p.50, reports on medical advances in the field of vision.

The stand contains material about Academician V.P. Filatov. Who, with the care of a jeweler, performed eye surgeries. Filatov's methods were mastered by many doctors. He was a versatile gifted person. He painted, possessed a poetic gift.

Now, new methods of surgical operations using laser beams have been developed.

Operations on the eyes are very delicate and sophisticated. But now it can be argued that half of all cases of blindness are curable.

A hereditary nobleman, a native of a dynasty of doctors, Vladimir Petrovich Filatov lived and worked at the turn of times, bringing from the 19th century, when he was born, to the 20th century in which he worked, the best qualities of the Russian intelligentsia. Father V.P. Filatova, Pyotr Fedorovich, was born into a family where four of six brothers devoted themselves to medicine. He was a highly educated doctor, worked in the Simbirsk zemstvo hospital, was a specialist in surgery and eye diseases, as it was then customary to say. The father's brother, the uncle of the future famous ophthalmologist, Nil Fedorovich Filatov, the founder of Russian pediatrics, a famous pediatrician and an outstanding scientist, headed the department of childhood diseases at Moscow University.

Vladimir Filatov was born in the village of Mikhailovka, Saransk district, Penza province. Soon after his birth, the family moved to Simbirsk (Ulyanovsk), where Volodya studied at the gymnasium and graduated in 1893. Having received an excellent education, like most talented people, Filatov was an extraordinary and multifaceted personality. He wrote poetry and pictures, played music, had a reputation as a philosopher, spoke several foreign languages. However, Filatov did not think about choosing a future profession: of course, medicine and, without a doubt, ophthalmology. After all, what could be more noble than the struggle with the most serious illness of mankind - with blindness? The words that he exclaimed in his youth when he saw a blind man tapping his way with a stick: “Every person must see the sun!” - became the motto of the entire life of the great scientist.

Take, father, my thanks
For the wisdom of your spiritual work.
You gave my thoughts another direction,
I ordered you to remember always in despondency,
What's in my heartfelt prayer
God the merciful will never be deaf,
That he will give healing to my sins too
And the sea of ​​goodness will wash them away without a trace ...

This poem, which is called "Father", Filatov wrote in 1948.

Among the students of Moscow University, Vladimir Filatov was known as a leader, wrote scientific papers and even made his first scientific discoveries.

In 1912, his cherished dream finally came true - V.P. Filatov performed the first corneal transplant operation.

Taking into account the effectiveness, novelty and scope of the young professor's scientific potential, by a decree of the USSR government, it was decided to create a large clinical and experimental base for scientific research in Odessa, and in 1936 the Ukrainian Institute of Experimental Ophthalmology was organized, headed by V.P. Filatov, he remained its director until last days life.

According to his students, even to hopeless patients, he never said "no", counting. It is a great sin to take away the faith of a sick person. Therefore, he always answered: “... maybe. Science is developing ”.

Today at the Institute of Eye Diseases and Tissue Therapy. V.P. Filatov AMS of Ukraine is filled with the cares and daily work of thousands of its employees. About 20 thousand operations are performed at the institute annually.

Children's department V.P. Filatov created, being a mature scientist and ophthalmic surgeon with a worldwide reputation. Filatov came to the conclusion that corneal transplantation should be carried out in childhood, because during the period until the child does not see due to corneal leucorrhoea, he develops the so-called blindness from inaction - amblyopia, which is almost impossible to treat, the connection between the eye and the brain has already been interrupted.

Currently, children are operated on with corneal leucorrhoea at the age of 6 and 9 months. Much attention is paid to the treatment of cataracts.

In the last year of his life, he wrote the poem “Farewell. Earth ”, here are the lines from this poem.

I will not remember you dashingly,
You gave me many times
Spend days in a quiet shelter
Under the voice of thunder, in the storm the hour.

1.1. The term "biology" was introduced by JB Lamarck and Treviranus in 1802 (bios-life).

Biology- science about life, about the forms of living things, about the laws of existence and development of the organic world. The object of research in biology is living organisms. The structure, functions, connections with other organisms and the environment (including inanimate nature) are studied. The discoveries in biology at the end of the twentieth century are comparable to the discoveries of space.

Biolomgia(Greek vyplngYab - vYapt, bios, "life"; lgpt, logos, "doctrine", "science") - the science of life (living nature), one of the natural sciences, the subject of which is living beings and their interaction with the environment ... Biology studies all aspects of life, in particular the structure, functioning, growth, origin, evolution and distribution of living organisms on Earth. Classifies and describes living things, the origin of their species, interaction with each other and with the environment.

As a special science, biology stood out from the natural sciences in the 19th century, when scientists discovered that living organisms have some characteristics common to all. the term biology was coined in 1802. Modern biology is based on five fundamental principles: cell theory, evolution, genetics, homeostasis, and energy. Nowadays, biology is a standard subject in secondary and higher educational institutions around the world. More than a million articles and books on biology, medicine and biomedicine are published annually.

In biology, the following levels of organization are distinguished:

Cellular, Subcellular and Molecular Level: Cells contain intracellular structures that are built from molecules.

Organism and organ-tissue level: in multicellular organisms, cells make up tissues and organs. The organs, in turn, interact within the framework of the whole organism.

Population level: individuals of the same species living on a part of the range form a population.

Species level: individuals freely crossing with each other possessing morphological, physiological, biochemical similarities and occupying a certain area (distribution area) form a species.

Biogeocenotic and biosphere level: biogeocenoses are formed on a homogeneous area of ​​the earth's surface, which, in turn, form the biosphere.

Most of the biological sciences are disciplines with a narrower specialization. Traditionally, they are grouped according to the types of organisms studied: botany studies plants, zoology - animals, microbiology - unicellular microorganisms. Areas within biology are further divided either by the scope of research or by the methods used: biochemistry studies the chemical foundations of life, molecular biology - complex interactions between biological molecules, cell biology and cytology - the main building blocks multicellular organisms, cells, histology and anatomy - the structure of tissues and the body from individual organs and tissues, physiology - the physical and chemical functions of organs and tissues, ethology - the behavior of living things, ecology - the interdependence of various organisms and their environment.

The transmission of hereditary information is studied by genetics. The development of an organism in ontogenesis is studied by developmental biology. The origin and historical development of living nature - paleobiology and evolutionary biology.

On the borders with related sciences, there are: biomedicine, biophysics (the study of living objects by physical methods), biometrics, etc. In connection with the practical needs of man, such areas as space biology, sociobiology, labor physiology, and bionics arise.

1.2. The disclosure of these topics will help students understand the essence of life processes and correctly assess the possibilities of the therapeutic effect of medicinal substances on the human body.

The subject "Biology" in pharmaceutical universities (faculties), together with other disciplines, is ultimately called upon to form a specialist capable of solving general biological, medical and pharmaceutical problems related to the problem of "Man and Medicines".

1. To be able to interpret universal biological phenomena, the basic properties of living things (heredity, variability, irritability, metabolism, etc.) as applied to humans.

2. To know evolutionary connections (phylogeny of organs, the occurrence of malformations).

3. Analyze the patterns and mechanisms of normal ontogenesis and interpret them in relation to humans.

4. Master the basics of human biomedical research.

THE ROLE OF BIOLOGY LESSONS IN THE LIFE OF THE STUDENT.

M.V. - Romashina - biology teacher

MCOU "Po'elanskaya secondary school"

Is it vital to study my subject? Sure. Biological knowledge is the most important component of human culture - without knowledge of biology, it is impossible to develop an ecological style of thinking, to provide an understanding of the scientific principles of interaction in the "Man - Nature" system.

Biology is the science of living nature, it studies all manifestations of life, from the origin, distribution and development of living things to the structure and functions of all organisms. Including the cell, as a unit of all living things. Biological knowledge forms the basis of many sciences and occupies a very important place in human life.

The person himself, his body is a complex system, the functioning of which is simply a shame not to know! Knowledge of how a person affects environment and she in turn on him. The resources on our planet are not unlimited. Means to survive in modern society and the world just needs to operate with biological knowledge.

Everyone knows that a student who graduated from school must know the subjects studied and apply the knowledge gained in his future life, including biology. Many people say that biology will never be useful to them anywhere, and do not even think about the fact that they are constantly connected with biology and are part of living nature.

Starting in the fifth grade, students gain knowledge that they can use in practical activities and everyday life. Once lost, they will be able to determine the sides of the horizon using a compass, the North Star, or local signs. Measure the height, temperature and body weight of your own and future children, comparing development indicators with age norms. Going into the forest to identify dangerous animals and the most common plants in the area, mushrooms, knowing which of them are poisonous and which are edible, will also be able to follow the norms of ecological and safe behavior in the natural environment.

The knowledge gained in grades 6-7 will help to keep and care for pets, gain skills in caring for pets and cultivated plants, and by appearance identify the problems that have arisen in their growth and development. Those. in the future they will be able to run their own household plots. Observe preventive measures for diseases caused by plants, animals, fungi and viruses.

Biological knowledge is the scientific basis of the organization healthy way life of the whole society and each person individually. The first condition for happiness and benefit for others is human health. Its preservation is everyone's personal business and his moral duty. The study of human anatomy in the 8th grade in the future will allow students to carry out elementary methods of hygiene and self-observation of their health. Recognize deviations from the norm in the state of organs and organ systems. Correctly combine work and rest. Know the influence bad habits on the human body. Provide first aid in case of accidents, poisoning. Observe measures to prevent stress, HIV infections, posture disorders, vision, hearing, infectious and colds... Targeted address to specialists in the field of medicine. And also the graduate can connect his further destiny with medicine, agriculture, forestry.
A person passes the main exam in biology all his life, realizing, for example, that a stuffy nose is a consequence of edema, that the frost, which hit before the snow falls, destroys winter crops and forces them to re-sow fields in spring, that the stork does not bring children. When our former student encounters a problem unknown to him, he should at least understand what kind of book, or from what specialist, he should consult. Finally, without studying the basics of biology, the practical application of knowledge of other natural and social subjects can turn out to be dangerous, both for the person himself and for those around him.
Birds are given wings, fishes are given fins, and people who live in nature are given the study and knowledge of nature; here are their wings.