Fir variety description. Fir (Abies) genus of gymnosperms of the family Pine (Pinaceae)

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Strong and durable trees with a narrow pyramidal and low crown, rounded at the top of older trees. The bark of many species is smooth gray, with protruding nodules - resin stores. In some firs, the bark thickens with age and cracks into pieces of the crust. Skeletal branches are located more or less whorly, obliquely upwards or horizontally spread.

The needles of vegetative shoots are flat, as a rule, with a rounded or notched apex, underneath with two light stomatal stripes, generative ones are tetrahedral, with stripes on all edges. As you can see in the photo, the fir needles are narrowed at the base, and then expanded into a rounded heel, leaving a trace on the shoot after falling. It can be arranged in a comb, covering the upper part of the shoot with a decking, or sticking up.

Male cones are solitary, located in the axils of the needles on the upper side of last year's shoots. Female cones vertical, with numerous seed and covering scales. Seed scales are broadly rounded from above, narrowed towards the base into a leg. The spiky cover scales are especially noticeable on young cones during the period of dusting. As the seeds ripen, the cone disintegrates, leaving a sticking rod on the branch. Seeds ripen in the first year, angular, with a large wing.

One of the main characteristics of fir is the absence of resin passages in the wood. Unlike other conifers, the resin passages of fir are concentrated in the bark, resin nodules are formed in the places of their interlacing.

The healing properties of fir have been known since ancient times. Medications made from all parts of these plants: bark, needles, buds, leaves. It is widely used in medicine and the resin (sap) of fir. Fir is the source essential oil with a high content of active ingredients and tannins.

In our photo gallery you can see photos of the main types of fir. In total, there are about 50 of them, including hybrid ones, common in the mountain and taiga forests of the temperate and subtropical zones of the Northern Hemisphere, one species is found in Mexico and Guatemala.

All types of fir are divided into ten sections:

Amabilis

Balsamea

Bracteata

Piceaster

Pseudopicea.

Most types of fir are not very frost-resistant, and some are completely frost-resistant, for example, Guatemalan fir. Fir, common in the taiga zone of the Northern Hemisphere, are frost-resistant. In addition, firs are demanding on soil fertility and the moisture regime of habitats.

Planting and growing fir

Agrotechnics. Among the firs there are many lovers of a mild climate, only a few can endure the conditions of the middle zone. When growing fir, it should be remembered that these trees grow well in the sun, but they are quite shade-tolerant and require shading at a young age. They love fertile deeply cultivated soils, as a rule (except for monochromatic fir), they do not approve of too dry air, watering is desirable in drought. Sensitive to industrial air pollution.

For planting fir, it is preferable to choose cloudy, warm days, and it is best to plant these plants during rain. It is best to replant fir in spring (in April) or in autumn (from late August to early October)

Application. Very beautiful neat and slender trees, suitable for parks, alleys and group compositions. Numerous varieties of different formats expand the possibilities of application in flower beds, rock gardens, rockeries, etc.

Balsam fir - Abies balsamea

In nature, the height is 15-25 m. In culture, it reaches 7 m by the age of 20 (Moscow). The bark is grayish, smooth when young, brown and flaky on older (over 100 years old) trees. Twigs are ash-gray, shortly pubescent. Buds are greenish with a purple tint, highly resinous. The needles are 15-25 (35) mm long and 1.5 mm wide, rounded or slightly bipartite at the top, dark green above, with narrow whitish stripes below, comb and protruding, on weak branches just comb, departs from the branch under an almost straight line corner, when rubbed fragrant. Balsamic fir cones before ripening are purple, 10 cm long, 2-2.5 cm in diameter. Covering scales are about 1/2 the length of the seed, almost round, serrated from above, with a short tip and a narrow stem. Found in eastern North America from Labrador to Virginia and Iowa, forms forests. Cultivated since 1697.

Recognizable by a rather short protruding needles, in which a more or less clear "parting" is visible. Very hardy.

Balsamic fir varieties

About 20 varieties of balsam fir are known. There are both wild forms and some of them on sale.

Fir variety 'Nana'('Globosa') (until 1866). A very popular dwarf variety with a dense, rounded-flattened crown. At 10 years old, height - 0.5 m, width - 1 m. The branches are short, chaotically spread. The needles are shorter than that of the wild form, 4-10 mm long., Emerald green, deviated downward, located radially on young shoots, comb-like on old ones, with a clear "parting".

Fir variety 'Piccolo'(1987, Germany). Smaller than Nana, but similar in shape. The needles are gray-green, often located radially, deviated downward.

Fir variety 'Kiwi'... A very dense round dwarf variety. The needles are bluish-green, located radially.

White fir, or European - Abies alba

In nature, it grows up to 30-60 m tall. In culture, it grows slowly, at 10 years old - about 2 m (Moscow), at 30 years old - 5 m (St. Petersburg).

The branches are horizontally spread, the lower ones die off early. The bark is smooth, grayish, cracking in old age. The branches are gray, with short and hard brown pubescence, often with blackish warts. White fir buds (European) without resin. The needles are 15-30 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide, rounded or bipartite at the apex, dark green above, shiny, with two white stripes below. They are located comb-like.

Cones 10-17 cm long, 3-5 cm in diameter, greenish before ripening. Seed scales are 25-30 mm wide, wedge-shaped, rounded, with a rather long (up to 9 mm) stem, felt outside. Covering scales are longer than seed scales, protrude and bend back. It is found in the mountains of Central and Southern Europe, forms pure and mixed stands with various deciduous species, mainly beech. The wild form is quite rare on the market.

Freezes in severe winters and recovers.

About 6 varieties have been registered. The most common of them is 'Pyramidalis' ('Pyramidalis Compacta') (1850, England). It is a slowly growing dense and narrow pyramidal form with short raised branches, reaching 3 m in height by 10 years. The maximum height is 10 m. The needles are dark green, 1-2 cm long, radial.

Fir high, or noble - Abies procera (A. nobilis)

In good conditions it is a tall tree with reddish brown bark. In culture, noble fir grows bushy, reaching 1.2 m in height (St. Petersburg). Twigs with small rusty pubescence. The buds are resinous. The needles on old shoots are comb, on young ones they are sticking up, on the upper side of the shoot they are shorter than the lateral ones, 25-35 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, rounded at the end, bluish-green, with narrow pale stripes on the lower side. There is a form (var. Glauca, may be offered as 'Glauca') with completely blue needles. Cones are large, cylindrical. Found on the west coast of the United States. In culture, since 1831, it is not very hardy in the middle lane.

Noble fir varieties with photo

There are more than 10 varieties, mainly produced from the bluish form. Dwarf and prostrate forms are recommended, which can hibernate under the snow.

Noble fir variety 'Blaue Hexe'(1965, Germany). A dwarf variety with a wide cushion-shaped crown. Shoots are short. The needles are short, wide, bluish-green. Witch's broom.

Noble fir variety 'Bizarro'... Dwarf wide pyramidal shape, very dense. The needles are bluish-green. By the age of 10, it reaches 1 m in height.

Noble fir variety 'Glauca Prostrata'(‘Compacta’, ‘Procumbens’) (1928, England). Cultivar. Slow growing, open cultivar with irregular branching. Height 1 m, width -1.5 m. The needles are very blue. Obtained by grafting a side branch of the ‘Glauca’ variety. To maintain shape, it is necessary to periodically pluck out the leading vertical shoots.

Veitch Fir - Abies veitchii

In nature, it grows up to 30-40 m in height (up to 15 m in 10 years). In culture, at 40 years old, more than 12 m tall (Moscow). It grows slowly, freezes slightly. The bark is smooth, grayish. The branches are gray, brown, densely pubescent. The Veech fir has purple, highly resinous buds. The needles are dense, almost comb-like on old branches, on young ones sticking obliquely forward, 10-25 mm long and about 2 mm wide, notched at the top, shiny dark green above, with bright white stomatal stripes below. Cones are cylindrical 4.5-6.5 cm long, bluish-purple before ripening. The covering scales are slightly protruded and folded back.

Originally from the mountains of central Japan. Introduced in 1861

Close to Korean fir, from which it differs in longer needles. The same beautiful tree with two-colored needles, the contrasting color of which is noticeable from a distance.

Vich fir varieties

6 varieties are registered, but they are rarely marked on sale.

Vicha 'Heddergott' fir variety(‘Hexenbessen Heddergott’) (1986, Germany). A dwarf shrub with a vase-shaped crown. The annual growth is 3-5 cm. The needles are bright green with a silvery lining.

Vicha 'Pendula' fir variety(‘Jeddeloh Weeping’) (1970, Germany). A graceful shape with drooping branches, the central leader can also be bent. Height at 10 years is about 2.5 m.

Vich 'Rumburk' fir variety(c. 2001, USA). Dwarf, dense, cushion-shaped. Annual growth of 2.5-5 cm per year.

Korean fir - Abies koreana

Korean fir is one of the most beautiful and winter-hardy fir, widespread in culture. It is characterized by a neat arrangement of short rounded needles, which makes the shoots look like “cleaners” for dishes.

A relatively short tree, reaching 18 m in nature. In culture, it grows by about 3 m in 20 years. The bark is smooth, gray, reddish-brown by age, cracking. Branches are yellowish with sparse pubescence, later becoming bare. Korean fir buds are almost without resin. The needles are hard, dense, protruding, evenly covering the upper part of the shoot, 1020 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide, slightly expanding upward, with a rounded or pointed (in young plants) apex, dark green and shiny above, with pale wide stomatal stripes. Cones 4-7 cm long, 2.5 cm in diameter, purple-purple until ripe. The ends of the covering scales stick out slightly and bend back. Homeland - Korea, where it grows in mountain forests. In culture since 1908

One of the most beautiful and at the same time winter-hardy fir, widespread in culture. It is characterized by a neat arrangement of short, rounded needles, which makes the shoots look like dish brushes.

Korean fir varieties in the photo

We can buy both the wild form and many varieties of Korean fir, of which at least 70 are registered in total. Among them there are a lot of hard-to-distinguish dwarf compact “pillows” that can be grafted onto a bole.

Korean fir variety 'Aurea'(1956, Canada). Lower (up to 3 m) and slower growing than the wild form. The needles are yellow, especially bright in autumn. 'Luminetta' may also be offered under this name.

Korean fir variety 'Blauer Eskimo'(1990, Germany). The 'Blaue Pfiff' witch's broom is even denser, irregularly cushion-shaped or hemispherical. Annual growth is about 2 cm. The needles are bluish-gray.

Korean fir variety 'Blauer Pfiff'(‘Blue Hit’) (Germany). A small tree with irregular branching and no clear central leader. The crown can be wide-conical or oval. The needles are bluish. This variety of Korean fir was obtained by induced mutation (seed irradiation).

Korean fir variety 'Blue Emperor'(2002, England). A dense, compact variety with a wide crown, grows vertically, but does not have a pronounced central leader. The needles are intense blue. The cones are purple.

Korean fir variety 'Blue Magic'(1990, Germany). A very beautiful dwarf pyramidal variety with blue needles and abundant lilac cones. Improved 'Blauer Pfiff'.

Korean fir variety 'Brillant'... Dwarf, low and dense, with an even crown, expanding in width. The needles are bright green. By the age of 10 it reaches 20 cm in height.

Korean fir variety 'Cis'(1989, Holland). Miniature, very dense, in the form of a wide bump. The needles are dark green, small. Growth 1-2 cm per year.

Korean fir variety 'Compact Dwarf'(‘Compacta’). As the name suggests, a smaller copy of the wild form, wider and denser, symmetrical. The needles are bluish-green. It rarely brings cones. Growth 5-8 cm per year. By the age of 10, it does not even reach 1 m in height.

Korean fir variety 'Dark Hill'(until 1990, Germany). The crown is compact, flattened-rounded. At the age of 15, it reaches 0.7 m in height and 1.2 m in width. The needles are very dark.

Korean fir variety 'Doni Tajusho'(around 2001). Miniature ball-shaped variety, bright green. The needles are very small.

Korean fir variety 'Green Carpet'(1990, Holland). Semi-dwarf, low variety without a central leader, with widely spread branches. The needles are pure green. Annual growth is 10 cm. By the age of 10, it reaches 1 m in height and at least 2 m in width.

Korean fir variety 'Inga'... Dwarf. A wide compact pyramid with bluish, even needles.

Korean fir variety 'Ice Breaker'(circa 2004). 'Silberlocke' witch's broom. A miniature variety with inverted needles so that only the underside, silvery side is visible. Annual growth of about 3 cm. Effective on the trunk.

Korean fir variety 'Kula'... A dwarf, slow-growing variety in the form of a wide dense pyramid. By the age of 10 it reaches 50 cm in height. The needles are pure green, very short.

Korean fir variety 'Luminetta'(‘Lutea’) (Holland). The needles, especially on young shoots, are yellowish, turning green by autumn. It grows more slowly than its wild form.

Korean fir variety 'Molly'... Compact, slow growing variety with dark green needles. The branches are raised, the central leader is clearly expressed.

Korean fir variety 'Oberon'... Miniature variety with a rounded, later somewhat conical crown. The needles are dark green, very even, short, arranged in a spiral. At the age of 10, the height is 30 (40) cm.

Korean fir variety 'Pancake'... Dwarf, in the form of a pillow. The branches are short, sticking out. The needles are bluish.

Korean fir variety 'Piccolo'(until 1979, Holland). A variety with an unexpressed, lodging central leader. Branches are open and drooping. Basically, it grows in width and can reach 1.5 m by 10 years with a height of 30 cm. The needles are rare, bluish, tucked up.

Korean fir variety 'Pinocchio'(1981, USA). A miniature witch's broom with bright green, very dense and small needles. Annual growth of up to 5 cm. Usually grafted onto a stem and has a rounded shape.

Korean fir variety 'Silver Star'... A variation on the more famous 'Silberlocke'. Perhaps, it has more rare and spreading branches.

Korean fir variety 'Silberkugel'(‘Silver Globe’, ’Pompon’, ‘Hexenbesen Wustermeyen’) (until 1986, Germany). Dwarf, very dense, with a rounded crown formed by horizontally extended branches slightly twisted around the trunk. The growth is about 1 cm per year. The needles are up to 1 cm long, yellowish or light green above, slightly twisted, like in ‘Silberlocke’.

Korean fir variety 'Silberlocke'(‘Horstmann’s Silberlocke’, ‘Silver Curls’, ‘Silverlade’, ‘Silverlock’) (until 1983, Germany). There are forms in the form of a straight tree, obtained by grafting the shoot of the central axis, and in the form of a lopsided tree from grafting a side branch. It grows slowly, with difficulty reaching 1.5m in height. The needles, especially on young shoots, are twisted upward and inward, so that the silvery underside is visible. Bears abundant fruit, cones are green or purple. With an excess of fertilizer, it tends to straighten the needles.

Korean fir variety 'Taiga'(‘Procumbens’) (1984, Germany). Dwarf spread-out variety. The needles are dark green. Fruiting at an early age, purple cones.

Korean fir variety 'Tordis'... Dwarf, pyramidal with a symmetrical crown. The needles are dark green, slightly twisted up.

Korean fir variety 'Tundra'(until 1993). A dwarf variety with a hemispherical or almost rounded crown. Height 0.4 m, width 0.6 m. The surface is flat and dense. The needles are bright green, small. Bears fruit at an early age. The cones are bluish.

Korean fir variety 'Veredlung'... Semi-dwarf, asymmetric, up to 1.5 m high and 3 m wide, grown as a wide shrub, for which the central leader is cut out. Annual growth is up to 10 cm. The needles are even, pure green. Begins to bear fruit early. The buds are reddish-purple.

Korean fir variety 'Verdener Dom'(until 2001, Germany). Semi-dwarf, dense pyramidal variety with a clear central leader. The needles are bright green. Fruiting, purple cones.

Korean fir variety 'Zipfelmutze'. Hybrid variety(A. koreana x A. pinsapo) with splayed grayish-green needles, rare, but very neat. Perhaps, it is not winter-hardy enough, since the Spanish fir is very thermophilic.

Fir Nordman, or Caucasian fir - Abies nordmanniana

The Caucasian fir is a tall tree up to 50 m. In culture, at 10 years old, the height is 1.3 m (Moscow), at 25 years old - 4.4 m (St. Petersburg), freezes in severe winters. The bark is grayish brown, cracking with age. The branches are light brown, pubescent, but balding quickly. The buds are not resinous. The needles are dark green, shiny, above and with whitish stripes below, 1540 mm long and 1.5-2.5 mm wide, bipartite at the top, comb on the old part of the shoot, flat on the tops. The cone is cylindrical, 12-20 cm long, reddish-brown with protruding covering scales.

The culture received its second name (Nordmann fir) after Alexander von Nordmann (1803-1866), professor of botany at the University of Helsinki.

The homeland of the Caucasian fir is the Caucasus, Turkey. In culture since 1848

The wild form is often sold as a "Christmas tree".

Nordman fir varieties in the photo

There are more than a dozen varieties. Given the low winter hardiness, creeping and dwarf forms are preferred.

Fir 'Barabits Compact'(until 1990, Hungary). A dwarf compact cultivar with a flat top. The needles are green. Annual growth is 5-7 cm.

Fir 'Golden Spreader'(‘Aurea Nana’) (1961, Holland). Semi-dwarf, very dense and slow growing variety. The crown is initially cushion-shaped, with age in the form of a wide pyramid with dense layers of outstretched branches. Annual growth is 4-5 cm. The needles are yellow, up to 2.5 cm long.

Fir one color - Abies concolor

In nature, it reaches 40 m, in culture at the age of 30, the height is 8 m (Moscow). The bark is gray, smooth, cracking on old trees. The twigs are yellowish-green, almost glabrous, the buds are resinous.

The needles are located rather chaotically, but mostly crescent-shaped and twisted upward, one-color, bluish-green, long, 4-6 cm and 2-2.5 mm wide, sharp or rounded at the top, on the upper, and especially on the lower side, convex ... Cones are 7-12 cm long, greenish or purple before ripening, seed scales are narrow - up to 2.5 cm wide, coverts are hidden.

Homeland - the mountains of the southwestern United States. In culture since 1872

One of the most common firs in our country. Very hardy, beautiful and well recognizable by its long, chaotic and monochromatic needles.

Single-color fir varieties

There are about 30 varieties of monochromatic fir - they all have a wide variety of shapes and possible colors. The number of dwarf and miniature varieties is constantly growing, this fir is one of the favorite objects for breeding.

Fir variety of one color 'Archer's Dwarf'(until 1982, England). A dwarf variety with a dense crown that changes with age from flattened to broadly conical. Height at 10 years 0.8 m. The needles are very blue.

White fir variety 'Blue Safir'(‘Blue Saphir,’ Blue Sapphire ’) (Czech Republic). Miniature variety. At 10 years old, the height is 0.3 m. The crown is cushion-shaped, very dense. The needles are short, blue. 'Violaceae' witch's broom.

Fir variety of one color ‘Kalleberg’s Weeping Blue’(Austria). Weeping variety with silvery needles. There are several other varieties with a weeping crown ‘Pendula’, ‘Fagerhult’ (until 1933, Sweden), and others. They can be grafted onto a stem to restrict growth.

Fir variety 'Kojakovice'(Czech Republic). Miniature. The crown is spread out, dense. The needles are narrow, blue, spaced apart. Witch's broom.

White fir variety 'Violacea'(‘Atroviolacea’, ‘Purpurea’) (1879). A group of clones and seedlings. Has the same habit as the wild form. The needles are intensely silvery blue. Cones are purple-violet. Occurs in nature and among seedlings in nurseries.

Monochrome fir is one of the most widespread firs in Russia. Very hardy, beautiful and well recognizable by its long, chaotic and monochromatic needles. In nature, it reaches 40 m, in culture at the age of 30, the height is 8 m (Moscow).

Fir variety 'Wintergold'(until 1979, Germany). The habit is similar to that of the wild form, but grows more slowly. The needles on young shoots are yellowish-green, turns green with age. Especially bright after frost.

Fir variety 'Wintergold Prostrata'... The crown is open, the branches are creeping. The shape of the needles is like that of the wild form, green in summer, turning yellow in winter.

Bud-scale fir, or white-brown fir - Abies nephrolepis

Tree up to 20 m in height. The crown is thick. The bark of young trees is very light, with numerous resin nodules, darkens with age. Young shoots are yellowish with reddish pubescence. The buds are ovoid, obtuse, with a thick resin. The needles are 13-25 (30) mm long, 1.3-2 mm wide, dark green, shiny, radially located below with whitish stripes. Cones 4.5-6.5 x 2-2.3 cm, first reddish, then purple. Covering scales are not visible.

The most common type of fir in the Far East, also bud-scaled fir is found in China and Korea. Introduced in 1908. Winter hardy, can be damaged by spring frosts. It grows slowly at a young age. Demanding on air humidity, shade-tolerant.

Several rare varieties are registered.

Sakhalin fir - Abies sachalinensis

In nature, up to 40 m in height. The crown is dense, conical. The bark is smooth, gray with resinous nodules. Young shoots are light or reddish brown, with long pale hairs in grooves. Sakhalin fir buds are small, with a purple tint, resinous.

The needles are dense, radial. The needles have a rounded or weakly pitted apex, 16-35 (40) mm long and 1-2 mm wide, with whitish stripes below. Cones 6-8 x 2.5-3 cm, young greenish, mature almost black. Grows in Sakhalin, Kuril Islands, Japan. In culture since 1878

Winter hardiness. Demanding on air humidity.

Siberian fir - Abies sibirica

In nature, it reaches 30 (40) m in height, in culture at 40 years old, the height is about 8 m (Moscow), there are trees up to 25 m.The bark is smooth, gray. The lower branches hang down to the ground and take root. Branches are yellow-gray, finely pubescent. Siberian fir buds are small, resinous.

The needles are relatively soft, fragrant, 15-40 mm long and about 1.5-2 mm wide, rounded or notched at the end, bright green and shiny from above, from below with narrow grayish stripes, comb on shaded shoots or densely covering their upper with decking side. The bud is 510 cm long, brown-red or bluish until ripe. Seed scales are about 1.5 cm long with a jagged edge, covering scales half as long as them. It is found naturally in the taiga zone of Russia, in the mountains of Mongolia and Kazakhstan. In culture since 1820

Found in gardens and parks. Getting divorced local nurseries... Very hardy and grows relatively quickly.

There are more than 10 varieties of Siberian fir, but they have not received distribution.

Subalpine fir - Abies lasiocarpa (A. subalpina)

In nature, subalpine fir grows up to 50 m in height, in culture at 20 years about 6 m, at a young age it grows slowly. The bark is smooth, silvery gray. The branches are gray, with short reddish hairs, the buds are resinous.

The needles are dense, tousled, directed up and forward, 15-40 mm long and 1.5 mm wide, pointed or round at the top, light, bluish-green, slightly notched above and with stomatal stripes, with wide light stripes below. Cones are 6-10 cm long, with narrow scales, the covering scales are hidden.

It is found in the western states from Alaska to New Mexico in mountain forests. Arizona var. arizonica, which is found in the mountains of Colorado, Arizona and New Mexico, can be distinguished as a separate species - the Arizona fir (A. arizonica). It is notable for its particularly light bark and silvery, distinctly comb-like needles. In culture since 1863

A very beautiful and completely winter-hardy fir with a characteristic color of protruding needles.

Subalpine fir varieties

More than 30 varieties are known, produced mainly from the Arizona variety:

Fir variety 'Argentea'('Arizonica Argentea', 'Glauca', Abies arizonica var. Argentea, Abies lasiocarpa var. Arizonica 'Argentea') (circa 1900, Germany). Has a wild form habit. The needles are exceptionally beautiful, silvery. It is possible that several clones are distributed under this name.

Fir variety 'Compacta'(‘Arizonica Compacta’) (1879, Holland). Semi-dwarf, dense, slowly growing variety with a rounded crown, which becomes broadly pyramidal with age. At 55, he has a height of 5.1 m (St. Petersburg). The needles are silvery. Some do not consider these names synonymous and distinguish between greener and high grade‘Compacta’ and completely silver ‘Arizonica Compacta’ (‘Compacta Glauca’).

Fir variety 'Green Globe'(until 1979, USA). A dwarf variety with a dense, rounded crown. The needles are green rather than bluish. Annual growth of 2.5-5 cm.

Fraser Fir -Abies fraseri

In nature, the Fraser fir reaches 25 m, in culture at the age of 14, the height is up to 5 m (Moscow). It is similar to balsam fir, from which it differs in smaller cones with protruding curved tips of covering scales and the number of stomatal lines. Balsam fir has 4-8 of them on each strip, and Fraser's fir has 8-12. It is considered even more winter-hardy. It is found naturally in the southeastern United States in the Allergan Mountains. In culture since 1811

There are at least 25 varieties, not marked in Russia.

Fir whole-leaved or black Manchurian - Abies holophylla

The height of wild trees is up to 60 m, in culture at the age of 30, the height is 8 m (Moscow), in St. Petersburg there are trees up to 17 m high. The bark is dark gray-brown, even almost black, rough, in old trees with large longitudinal cracks. Branches of solid-leaved fir are yellowish-gray, glabrous, resinous buds.

Fir (Abies) is the ancient Latin name of the genus - abh (that is, to abound) which, apparently, is associated with strong branching and branching of branches. There are about 50 species of fir, common in the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere. Fir - large, sometimes huge, reaching up to 60 m in height and 2 m in diameter trunk, monoecious evergreen trees, with a beautiful cone-shaped crown. The trunk is straight, with gray bark. The tapered crown begins almost at the ground. The root system is pivotal, powerful, deeply embedded in the soil.

Fir needles are flat, soft, with white stripes on the bottom, located spirally on the shoots, rather wide (in some species up to 3 mm), which is a distinctive feature of fir. Other characteristic feature of this genus - upright cones, ripening in the first year and still decaying on trees to release seeds. Most species of Fir do not tolerate air pollution at all.

Fir is an unusually beautiful decorative tree with a clear pyramidal silhouette, perfect for single plantings. Beautiful in park alleys, great for creating living walls.

Fir species, photos and descriptions by growth and preference for growing conditions:

Abies alba (white fir)

White fir coniferous tall tree with a conical crown, expressive trunk and branches arranged in whorls. By the age of 30 it reaches 15-18 m. Height. The needles are dark green, flat, shiny. In his youth, shade-loving, demanding on moisture and soil. For good development, it requires sufficiently deep, loose, moist, fertile, loamy or sandy loam soils. Poorly tolerates dry air and soil, and grows poorly on swampy soils. White fir is sensitive to air pollution. Can be used in parks, but only in places with appropriate conditions. Winter hardiness zone 5B

Abies alba (white fir) "Pyramidalis"

Variety "Pyramidalis" with a regular conical crown. Initially very slow-growing, after 30 years it reaches up to 5 m. Height. The branches are directed upward at an angle. The needles are dark green, shiny. Abies alba "Pyramidalis" grows best in humid climates. Sensitive to frosty dry winds and early frosts. Recommended for planting near houses, in sheltered places. Winter hardiness zone 5B

Abies Arnoldiana (Arnold's fir) "Jan Pawel ll"

Arnold's fir "Jan Pawel ll" is a fast-growing coniferous tree, cone-shaped, grows at the age of 30 up to 10 m. Height. The branches are laid slightly at an angle, in regular circles. The needles are wide, shiny, greenish-yellow in color, white underneath, like chalk. Abies Arnoldiana "Jan Pawel ll" needs fertile and moist soils. Recommended for planting in parks and large gardens. Winter hardiness zone 5B

Abies balsamea (Balsam fir) "Nana"

A dwarf bush of rounded shape, at the age of 10 years it reaches up to 0.5 m in height and approximately the same in diameter. The needles are short, dark green, located radially along the shoots. Needs moist fertile soil. Recommended for rocky gardens. Winter hardiness zone 5A

Abies balsamea (balsam fir) "Piccolo"

A small compact bush, round in shape, reaching a height of about 0.3 m in 10 years and the same diameter. The needles are short with blunt tips. Needs a fairly fertile and moist soil. Recommended for alpine and container compositions. Winter hardiness zone 5A

Abies concolor (white fir)

A tall, fast-growing, delightful tree with a regular conical crown. The branches are whorled and horizontal, the lower branches are lowered to the ground. At the age of 30, it reaches about 10-12 m in height, the size of an adult tree is 20-25 (40) m in height. At home in California, there are specimens up to 60 m. In height, 7-9 (10) m. In width, trunk girth up to 3 m. Annual growth in height, about 35-55 cm. And 15 cm. In width in the first 10 years, then slower, lives up to 500 years. The needles are unusually long, up to 8 cm long and 2.5 mm. wide, gray-bluish-green on both sides, asymmetrically arranged, comb-like, sometimes crescent-shaped, soft with a lemon scent, persists on a tree for up to 8-10 years. The buds are green to purple at first, light brown when ripe. The root system is shallow or deep, depending on the soil. Photophilous, shade-tolerant. It develops optimally on deep, fresh, fertile, acidic or slightly alkaline, well-drained sandy-clay soils, grows well even on deep dry sandy soils. Avoids clay and gley soils, like no other fir is sensitive to waterlogging. It tolerates heat, drought and insufficient air humidity, the most drought-resistant and frost-resistant fir. The hallmark is the endurance of urban air pollution. The species is undemanding to the soil and environment, suitable for large gardens, urban plantings, parks, single and group loose plantings. Winter hardiness zone 4. Has decorative forms.

Abies concolor (white fir) "Argentea"

A beautiful silvery coniferous tree of the correct conical shape. It grows quickly, reaching 10-12 m in height after 30 years. The needles are long, soft, silvery blue. Grows well even in poor soils. It is frost-resistant, drought-resistant and not very sensitive to air pollution. Recommended for use in parks, gardens, urban landscaping. Winter hardiness zone 4

Abies concolor (white fir) "Compacta"

A dwarf variety with a compact but irregular wide-conical crown shape, at the age of 30, about 2-3 m. Height. The needles are shorter than that of the species, grayish-blue. Undemanding to soil and moisture. Recommended for single plantings in viewpoints. Winter hardiness zone 4

Abies concolor (white fir) "Clauca"

In all, the characteristics are similar to the species form, but the needles are bluish in color. Trees after 30 years reach up to 12 m. In height. The needles are long and soft. Grows well even in poor soils. Resistant to low temperatures, drought and air pollution. Used for landscaping parks, large areas, urban landscaping. Winter hardiness zone 4

Abies concolor (white fir) "Violacea"

A tree with a regular conical and dense crown, drooping down to the very ground. It grows especially rapidly, reaching 10-12 m in height after 30 years. The needles are long, soft, bright bluish-white. Undemanding, resistant to low temperatures, drought and air pollution. For planting in parks, gardens and urban landscaping. Winter hardiness zone 4

Abies concolor (white fir) "Wintergold"

The variety grows a little slower than the species form, but reaches the size of a large tree, after 30 years 3-5 m. Height. The annual growth is about 20 cm. The needles are long, soft, identical on both sides, yellow-green in summer, golden-yellow in winter. Undemanding, frost and smoke and gas resistant. Used for large areas and urban landscaping. Winter hardiness zone 5A

Abies koreana (Korean fir)

Korean fir is a slow growing tree with a wide conical shape, reaching 3-4 m at the age of 30. The needles are short, green, glossy above, whitish on the back. A characteristic feature of the Abies koreana variety is violet-blue cones 4-7 cm long, appearing already on young trees 1-1.5 m tall. Needs moist, fertile soil. This variety is recommended for small household plots. Winter hardiness zone 5A

Abies koreana (Korean fir) "Silberlocke"

Slow-growing tree, broadly conical in shape, reaches about 4 m in height at the age of 30. The needles are short, in contrast to the main species, strongly curved, so that the back, whitish side is visible. Forms numerous violet-blue cones. Needs fertile and moist soil. Looks good in Japanese gardens, as well as singly, in a conspicuous place. Winter hardiness zone 5B

Abies lasiocarpa (mountain fir) "Compacta"

Mountain fir "Compacta" is a dwarf variety with a dense, wide-conical shape, needles are silvery-blue, short, not prickly. Branches are short, tough. In 30 years it reaches about 3 m. In height. From a distance it resembles a silvery spruce. Prefers fertile and moderately moist soil. Damaged by late spring frosts. Abies lasiocarpa "Compacta" is one of the most beautiful varieties of dwarf conifers. Recommended for small backyards, rocky and heather gardens. Winter hardiness zone 5A

Abies veitchii (Veitch fir)

A slender tree with a pyramidal crown. Differs in rapid growth, at the age of 30 it reaches more than 10 m. In height. The shoots are located obliquely upwards, due to which the white bottom of the needles is clearly visible. Needs fertile moist soils. One of the most resistant types of fir. Recommended for large gardens and parks. Winter hardiness zone 5A

Fir differs from other tree species in its unusually beautiful clear, like a candle silhouette, with vertical very decorative cones, firs are among the most impressive conifers on Earth. In gardens and parks, fir grows well on uniformly moist, fertile soils. And of course, their full beauty is revealed only in solitary plantings.

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The most common conifers in our country are spruces and pines. Recently, however, more and more gardeners prefer fir - for its elegant harmony, unusual type of needles, elegant flowering and beautiful cones. And those who continue to decorate a living "Christmas tree" for the New Year also like fir because its needles do not fall off for a long time. Such a tree can decorate a house for a whole month. Many different forms of fir are known, and each of them is good in its own way.

Fir (Abies)- a genus of evergreen plants of the Pine family. The Latin name of the genus comes from the Indo-Germanic "abh", which means "to abound," meaning the abundance of branches with dense needles on the tree. One of the distinguishing features of fir is its flat, soft, shiny needles and beautiful cones (reminiscent of cedar), which always grow upward (unlike other conifers). In most fir species, the branches are horizontal. Pollination is carried out with the help of the wind. The seeds are winged, so they fly away for tens of kilometers and form forests, sometimes occupying tens and hundreds of thousands of hectares.

Fir usually has a pyramidal crown. The height of the tree depends on the species and variety.

In nature, there are about 50 species of fir. Thanks to the work of breeders, many varieties of this coniferous tree... They are adapted to life in different climatic conditions, have different heights and shapes, but retain their specific features. In the conditions of Ukraine, the following types and varieties of fir are doing well.

Balsam fir (abies balsamea) is native to North America. Compared to trees of other species, balsam fir does not live long - 150-200 years. It is not harmed by frosts in spring or autumn and severe frosts in winter. It is demanding on soil and moisture, shade-tolerant, grows quickly. Begins to bear fruit at the age of 20-30, forming very beautiful dark purple cones. In nature, trees of this species reach a height of 15-25 m, the needles are very pleasant to the touch, soft, dark green and fragrant. In culture since 1697

Korean fir (Abies koreana) naturally grows in the mountains in the south of the Korean Peninsula at an altitude of up to 1,800 m. Forms mixed and pure fir forests. It grows very slowly at an early age.

The height of an adult plant is about 15 m, the diameter of the trunk reaches 70-80 cm. The needles are tough and very dense, just dark green above, and with a silvery sheen below. Cones are cylindrical in shape, 5-7 cm long, 3-4 cm in diameter.At a young age, very beautiful purple-purple color. Korean fir appeared in Europe in 1905. It is one of the most beautiful species, on its basis many varieties have been bred, which differ in the height of the tree, the color and shade of the needles, its placement on the branches and the color of the cones. In addition, there are many varieties of standard shapes that look great in small gardens. Many varieties of Korean fir are suitable for climatic conditions Ukraine. Let's talk about the most beautiful of them.

Blauer Pfiff (Abies koreana Blauer Pfiff)- a tree with a wide conical shape. At the age of 10, the height of the plant is 80-100 cm, the width at the base is up to 150 cm. The needles are silvery-green, the cones are violet-blue. Prefers sunny places, undemanding to the soil.

Siz (Abies koreana Cis)- a miniature spherical plant. At the age of 10, it grows only up to 30 cm. The needles are very decorative, green with a bluish tint, thornless. Prefers sunny locations. Looks very nice and noble in rock gardens, as well as in pots on terraces.

Diamond (Abies koreana Brilliant) and Dark Hill (Abies koreana Dark Hill)- dwarf plants, no higher than 50 cm, which are perfect for miniature Japanese gardens, small garden plots and alpine slides.

A. Kohouts Icebreaker one of the newest varieties. Differs in beautiful silvery-blue needles, which are tightly placed on the branches and twisted upwards.

Nana (Abies koreana Nana) a pyramidal tree, 1.5-2.0 m high with very beautiful blue cones.

Silver show (Abies koreana Silver Show)- a tree with a height of 2.0-2.5 m, a crown-shaped crown. The needles are tightly placed on the branches from all sides, strongly twisted upwards - so that the lower almost white side of the needles is visible. Therefore, the tree appears to be covered with snow. Cones are violet blue.

Silverlock (Abies koreana Silverlock)- a tree up to 4 m high. The needles are partially curled up, its lower silvery gray side is visible. Cones are violet blue.

Starker Dwarf (Abies koreana Starker Dwarf)- one of the newest highly decorative varieties. This is a bush form of fir. Plant height - 1.0-1.5 m. Width -1.5-1.8 m. The needles are short, green, soft. Cones are oval, pale blue.

Fir rough-fruited (or subalpine, mountain) (Abies lasiocarpa) naturally grows in North America. A tree with a height of 15-30 m. Lives for over 250 years. grows slowly. The crown is dense. Cones 6-10 cm long. Up to 4 cm in diameter. Young cones are bright dark purple in color. Rarely cultivated. The most famous variety is Compacta (A. lasiocarpa Compacta). bred in 1879. The tree is conical in shape, up to 1.5-2.0 m high, the branches are directed slightly upward. The needles are soft, of an unusual blue shade.

Fir Nordmann, or Caucasian (Abies nordmanniana) comes from the Caucasus Mountains. It grows very quickly and lives up to 500 years. A tree up to 60 m high. Trunk diameter - 2 m. The crown is dense, branched, low-set, pointed conical. Needles up to 40 mm long. up to 3 mm wide, dark green on the upper side, and with two white stripes on the bottom. Cones up to 20 cm long. About 5 cm in diameter; at a young age - bright green, at maturity - brown and resinous. The most beautiful variety - Pendula (Abies nordmanniana Pendula) reaches 2-3 m in height. The branches are down, the lower ones fall on the ground. The tree looks like a bright green waterfall shimmering in the sun

Pinsapo fir (Abies pinsapo). It is sometimes called Spanish fir, as it naturally grows in southern Spain. In Ukraine, it is found on the southern coast of Crimea, in the Transcarpathian and Odessa regions. It's evergreen coniferous plant height up to 25 m. trunk diameter at the base - 1 m.

Has a low-set pyramidal crown. Young cones of a rich crimson color, always directed upwards. The needles are tough, prickly, up to 1.5 cm long. Very beautiful bluish-green color, placed evenly around the branch. Grows moderately. Plants are light-requiring, undemanding to the soil, drought-resistant. The most beautiful Spanish fir looks like a tapeworm on a lawn, in alley plantings or in group 8 with other conifers that have different color needles.

Aurea (Abies pinsapoAurea)- one of the new varieties of this species. A tree up to 4 m high, pyramidal or irregular in shape. The needles are gray-golden, tough; young growths are of a bright golden yellow color. The buds are red in color. Prefers sunny locations. It does not have any special requirements for the soil.

Procera fir (Abiesprocera). or v. alpine... One of the most beautiful views. Naturally grows in the Cascade Mountains of North America. Lives up to 300 years. Amateur gardeners also call this species royal fir or blue spruce. Procer fir needles are blue-green, do not crumble, even when they dry out. The cones are tough, reminiscent of a hedgehog curled up in a ball. The most common variety is Glauka (abies prosega Glauka) with silver-blue needles.

What are firs - photo

Korean fir is green all the time and lives for a very long time without additional pruning and crown formation. Belongs to the fir family, it is native to the south of the Korean Peninsula. Hence its name. The shape of the plant resembles a pyramid (cone). The tree can even live up to 150 years.

You can find her in the Northern Hemisphere and South Korea. Its growth rate is much slower than that of spruce, on average, an increase of 3-5 centimeters every year.

Description of species: leaves in the form of flat needles, 1-2 centimeters long and 2-2.5 millimeters thick, a shiny greenish tint in the upper part, and with two stripes of a bright white shade in the lower part, with a small number of teeth at the tip. Her buds can be from blue to purple. Their size, for the most part, is 4-7 centimeters in length and up to 2 centimeters in width.

It is very hardy and grows well in both sunny and shaded areas, but thrives best when exposed to direct sunlight, as its crown becomes more attractive. Reproduction by seeds and by cuttings is acceptable.

The fir of this species grows up to 10-18 meters in height with a trunk diameter of up to 70 centimeters. Korean fir varieties for landscape design include several species with the greatest splendor and excellent decorative properties throughout the calendar year.

Look at the photo of some varieties of Korean fir, which perfectly decorate personal plots in various zones:

Description and photos of varieties of Korean fir

A brief description of the varieties of Korean fir allows you to make right choice, and the photo will illustrate the external aesthetic properties.

Korean fir "Brilliant" and "Silberlocke".

The Korean fir "Brilliant" is a very valuable plant, as it is not an artificial, but a natural dwarf. The dwarf variety feels great in containers, this plant has a neat cushion-shaped crown.

Its needles are short, but they have signs of density and softness. The needles are shiny, painted in the upper part with dark green or bright green, and in the lower part - white-blue or silver longitudinal stripes. The needles of this variety of Korean fir are quite flavored, the edges are wrapped to the bottom and reach two centimeters in length.

This is a slow growing tree, it grows three to four centimeters in length per year. And at 10 years old, the height is only 40 centimeters with a width of 60 centimeters. This dwarf plant can even live up to 300 years.

To plant it, it is advisable to choose semi-shaded or sunny places for it, while calm. It is recommended to place young plants in partial shade, and hide from the sun in spring and summer. It is better to choose a slightly acidic soil for planting, with equipped drainage. Fir is sufficiently cold-resistant. A temperature of minus 29 degrees is not terrible for her.

The Korean fir "Silberlock" has a cone-shaped crown, often with several peaks. At the age of 10 years, it grows in length to 120-180 centimeters. Its needles are bent, their lower part is white.

This is a slow-growing fir, as it has too curved needles, which, if you look at it from a distance, appear silvery. Hence, this type of fir got its name - "silberblocke" means "silver curl". In some cases, it may appear that the tree is covered with frost. The cones of this variety of Korean fir are purple, cone-shaped, 7 centimeters long.

Prefers acidic soil, with a small amount of alkali. Loves light, but, in turn, shade-tolerant. Cold hardy plant. During snowy winter seasons, due to snow adhering to the branches, they can break, therefore a retaining frame should be installed.

Korean fir "Molli" and "Blue Magic"

Korean fir "Molly" can grow up to seven meters in length with a three-meter crown. Trees of this variety are sprinkled with cones in large quantities. They have a blue-violet hue. Their length is 5 centimeters.

It grows rather slowly. For a year - 6-7 centimeters adds, no more. The trunk is straight and straight. The crown has a conical shape and does not require pruning, since it is initially formed on its own in the correct shape. The needles of the plant are flat, but dense, have a bright green color with a bluish tint. The lower part of the needles is bluish-white. Her cones are large, blue-violet.

The plant feels much better in illuminated places and does not like sudden changes in ambient temperature. If it is in a dark place, then the shoots begin to stretch, and the crown becomes loose.

Cold hardy. Needs moistened soil equipped with drainage.

The Korean fir "Blue Magic" is a dense shrub that grows 6-10 centimeters in length annually, and at 10 years of age its height is 1 meter with a width of 80 centimeters.

Crown in the form of a pyramid. The needles are dark blue-green, the lower part is silvery. The buds are purple. Prefers a semi-shaded place. The soil should be acidic or slightly acidic, moist and equipped with drainage. The place where it grows must be protected from the wind.

"Dark Hill" (Dark Hill), "Oberon" (Oberon) and other varieties

Korean fir "Dark Hill" prefers to be in direct sun or partial shade. The soil should be equipped with drainage, slightly acidic and moderately moist. Frost resistant. For 10 years it reaches 40 centimeters. The crown diameter is 50-70 centimeters at the age of 10. Dwarf, shaped like a pillow, asymmetrical. The needles are hard, short, dark green in color, with shine.

"Oberon" is a dwarf variety of Korean fir with a dome-shaped crown. The needles are bright green. At 10 years old, its height is approximately 40 centimeters with a width of 60 centimeters. Needs moist soil. Prefers a semi-shaded area at first, and then it is desirable to provide it with full coverage. Grows well on soils equipped with drainage, without excess moisture.

The buds are small, but there are quite a few of them, and they all grow vertically. The buds are densely saturated with resin, they appear in the first year.

It is advisable to plant it in the ground in the spring or autumn. To do this, it is initially recommended to dig a hole twice as large as the volume of the entire root system of the fir. Put compost on the bottom, and then place a pre-moistened lump with roots there so that it is level with the ground. Around the trunk it will be necessary to make a small depression through which it is good to water the seedling so that the ground near the roots is sufficiently saturated with moisture. Finally, it is advisable to mulch the land.

The Korean Fir Doni Tajuso prefers sunny or semi-shaded locations. The soil should be equipped with drainage, slightly acidic and moist. Frost resistant. At 10 years old, its height is a maximum of 30 centimeters. The crown diameter is about 30 centimeters at the age of 10. The shape of the crown resembles a pillow. The needles are not soft, short, light green in color, with shine.

The needles are soft, short, in the upper part - bright green color, shiny, in the lower part - two longitudinal silvery stripes. The cones are arranged vertically, shade, in length - about seven centimeters, and in width - up to two centimeters.

The needles are short, 2-3 centimeters long, soft, the upper part is dark green and glossy, the lower part has two silvery stripes. Cones are purple-blue, up to three centimeters long.

The needles are soft, the upper part of it is green, glossy, and the lower part has two silvery stripes. The buds are purple-purple in color, 5-7 centimeters long and about 2 centimeters wide.

The Korean fir "Kristallkugel" grows well in sunny or semi-shaded areas. The soil is not demanding and frost-resistant. Its height is up to 50 centimeters, dwarf. A crown with a diameter of 2 meters can be. The shape is cushion-shaped.

The needles are soft, the upper part is bright green, the lower one has two silvery stripes. The buds are purple-purple in color, 5-7 centimeters long and about 2 centimeters wide.

Fir could rightfully take first place in the beauty contest of coniferous perennial plants. A fluffy fur coat, upright candlesticks with cones - all this makes her a welcome guest in many suburban areas. Korean fir strikes the imagination with the incredible color of the cones. But getting this beauty requires proper care. Since this tree is considered an aristocrat among the pine family.

Aristocratic family

Silberlock fir (Korean) is loved by gardeners because it does not grow quickly and practically does not need pruning. Its branches and tops form natural beautiful weaves. It tolerates the absence of heat and light well. It can coexist with other trees, but it also looks great as a separate garden decoration.

Varieties of Korean spruce:

molly - has a perfectly flat trunk, excellent crown. That allows you to use it as a hedge. Needs good lighting. In the absence of light, the branches are strongly stretched, the aesthetic appearance is disturbed;
diamond is a rare and valuable species of bonsai. After 10 years of life, its height rarely exceeds 40 cm. Therefore, this variety is actively used to create alpine slides. The plant does not like strong wind and shade.

It is better to take all varieties of these trees for planting with developed seedlings. The plant should be planted in March or September. The soil is acidic, well-drained and moderately moist.

The most popular fir for landscape design

Purple-violet decorative cones, green-white needles - this is what a balsam fir looks like. This variety is very resistant to frost, famous for its healing power. It has a kind of needles, which are divided into an even parting.

The plant prefers shade, does not take root in hot climates, needs moist and loose soil. This variety has many dwarf varieties:

piccolo - branches are located radially, slightly deviate downward. The gray needles have a green tint;
kiwi - an interesting blue-green color of the needles will make this tree a decoration of any garden;
hudzonia - has a wide crown and dense branches. Supertree of dark green color, with a shade of black. Downward, the needles become bluish-green;
nana is the most shade-tolerant and frost-resistant variety. Suitable for decorating a rocky garden variety.

The single-color fir is a tall and luxurious representative of the pine family. Has a dense crown formed by a pyramid, branches grow parallel to the ground. The decorative variety (blue) is distinguished by the silvery color of the needles. It is this variety that is highly revered by landscape designers. The frost-resistant subspecies of the one-color fir is the most resistant to pests.

Decorative forms:

violet violacea - needles are long and large, blue-white. Can be planted singly or in small groups. It tolerates smoky air well, is not afraid of frost and drought;
compact - a dwarf hybrid fir in the form of a bush, branches are unevenly spread.

Russian beauty

Siberian fir has been known since childhood. This type of coniferous tree is found almost throughout the territory of Russia. They can be found even in the mountains, but there these trees are somewhat lower.

Siberian fir is one of the most important forest-forming species. Dislikes poor soil and wetlands, tolerates cold well. It is difficult to breed it in large cities, since it withers away from the dirty air.

Fir does not need constant sunlight. The very same gives a very thick shade, under which only a few species of grasses and moss can survive.

Siberian fir, a photo of which is often found in biology textbooks, is a monoecious plant. Yellow, oval spikelets are male. They have flying bubbles, thanks to which they can fly over great distances. At the beginning of June, male spikelets disappear.

Dark red spikelets are female. Cones develop on them, which stand like candles. The mature bud is light brown in color and cylindrical in shape.

The seeds ripen in late summer - early autumn. But fir can also reproduce vegetatively. Dry branches do not lose their needles, as is the case with spruce.

Siberian fir has many useful properties; it is used for the production of paper, cellulose, and musical instruments.

Glasses in optical devices are glued with fir balsam.

In medicine, fir needles are used, which are rich in vitamin C. It can be harvested all year round. But the maximum amount of ascorbic acid is found in spring needles.

Danish charm

Nordman's fir is distinguished by its extraordinary decorativeness, dense needles and a tart aroma. She can often be seen in American Christmas films. Its other name is Caucasian fir.

It is hard to believe that nature itself created such uniformly fluffy branches and a perfect crown. For a long time, only aristocrats could afford this tree. Now everyone can grow such a miracle in the garden.

The needles of this fir are rounded, soft and completely thornless. Danish fir cones appear after the first year of life, which gives young firs a special piquancy. The fruits of this fir are bright and large, with a color ranging from light brown to purple.

It is better to plant the Caucasian fir in September or April, it should be warm and cloudy outside. Wet, nutritious soil is suitable for her. This coniferous tree does not tolerate drought and excessive moisture.

When choosing a location, it should be borne in mind that this fir is not afraid of winds, but suffers from polluted air. Caucasian fir does not like being transplanted. It grows rapidly in its natural environment. Cultivated varieties can grow by 15 cm per year.

When choosing seedlings, preference should be given to grown trees (5-6 years old). Young fir must be in an individual container. A bare root system can lead to the rapid death of the plant.

Timely care is important for young specimens:

regular watering;
weed control;
protection against pests.

Fortified fir does not need such careful care.

North American discovery

The Fraser fir owes its popularity to botanists from Scotland. This tree is not very popular in Russia. But American residents are very fond of the Fraser fir, and often decorate it at Christmas.

This fir is often confused with balsamic, as it also emits bubbles of resin. The Fraser fir lives high in the mountains and is resistant to low temperatures.

Carpathian healer

White fir is known for its medicinal properties. Its woody greens are used to obtain essential oils and medicinal camphor. In ancient times, this tree was considered sacred. The Carpathians and the mountains of Central and Southern Europe are considered her home.

This plant belongs to monoecious, dioecious. Possesses good decorative properties.

Young plants have a crown in the form of a pyramid. By the middle of life, the tree takes on a more rounded shape. In the old, the interlacing of the branches resembles a nest. The trunk is smooth, with a silvery-white bark. Feet are placed horizontally, they can rise slightly.

This representative of the pine family has not too long needles. The needles are dark green, with a slight white tint.

Young fruit cones have an oval, cylindrical shape, bright green color. As it ripens, the color changes, dark brown tones appear. The seeds are large, ripen in the fall of the first year of life.

The tree has a good root system. It does not like dry soil and air. It tolerates frost well, but with a strong decrease in temperature it can freeze over. It can live in the shade, but dies in highly polluted air.

It is rarely used to decorate the landscape, since it loses to its counterparts in aesthetic parameters. For planting, it is better to use cuttings.

Guest from Alaska

Subalpine fir (rough-fruited) lives high in the mountains, therefore it grows slowly. Adult specimens do not differ in their high height and trunk thickness. The crown of the tree is narrow, resembling a wedge.

It grows best in fertile, moist, well-drained soil. Can tolerate excessive moisture, heavy snowfalls.

The needles are prickly, silvery-gray, becoming bluish-green with age. Rounded buds contain a lot of resin.

The tree is suitable for the formation of alleys, helps purify the air. Looks good both in groups and singly. It is able to recover from damage, but can acquire several peaks. No pruning required, the crown is formed naturally. Before the juice begins to move, you can make sanitary pruning by removing unnecessary branches.

For the garden, lawn decoration, you can purchase a dwarf variety of subalpine pine - compact. This plant reaches a height of 1.5 m, has a wide conical crown. The paws are beautiful, thick, with beautiful blue-gray needles. To create a beautiful shape in the fall, you need to pluck out the central buds from the lateral processes, in the summer to shorten the branches. When planting, you must choose a place protected from direct sunlight.

Planting is carried out in early spring or late summer. It is necessary to carry out constant treatment against fungal diseases. It is necessary to feed young seedlings, adult pines do not need feeding. In severe drought, the number of watering should be increased, sprinkling should be carried out.

A variety of decorative firs, the photo of which pleases the eye, will help create a cozy atmosphere in any garden. Coniferous trees are unpretentious to care for, live a long time, fill the air with a useful aroma. And for the New Year there will always be its own, the most beautiful tree.

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You can find her in the Northern Hemisphere and South Korea. Its growth rate is much slower than that of spruce, on average, an increase of 3-5 centimeters every year.

The fir of this species grows up to 10-18 meters in height with a trunk diameter of up to 70 centimeters. Korean fir varieties for landscaping include several species that have the greatest pomp and excellent decorative properties throughout the calendar year.

Look at the photo of some varieties of Korean fir, which perfectly decorate personal plots in various zones:

Description and photos of varieties of Korean fir

A brief description of the varieties of Korean fir allows you to make the right choice, and the photos will illustrate the external aesthetic properties.

Korean fir "Brilliant" and "Silberlocke".

The Korean fir "Brilliant" is a very valuable plant, as it is not an artificial, but a natural dwarf. The dwarf variety feels great in containers, this plant has a neat cushion-shaped crown.

The Korean fir "Silberlock" has a cone-shaped crown, often with several peaks. At the age of 10 years, it grows in length to 120-180 centimeters. Its needles are bent, their lower part is white.

Korean fir "Molli" and "Blue Magic"

The plant feels much better in illuminated places and does not like sudden changes in ambient temperature. If it is in a dark place, then the shoots begin to stretch, and the crown becomes loose.

Cold hardy. Needs moistened soil equipped with drainage.

The Korean fir "Blue Magic" is a dense shrub that grows 6-10 centimeters in length annually, and at 10 years of age its height is 1 meter with a width of 80 centimeters.

"Dark Hill" (Dark Hill), "Oberon" (Oberon) and other varieties

"Ottostrasse" prefers a sunny or semi-shaded place to the soil, no special requirements, moderately moisture-loving, frost-hardy. It grows in height up to 50 centimeters. The crown is 120 centimeters in diameter, in the form of a cone. It grows 3 to 5 centimeters each year. The needles are soft, short, in the upper part - bright green, shiny, in the lower part - two longitudinal silvery stripes. The cones are arranged vertically, shade, in length - about seven centimeters, and in width - up to two centimeters.

Korean fir "Select" prefers sunny or semi-shaded areas that are protected from the wind. It grows well on slightly acidic soils equipped with drainage. Grows up to 4 meters. The crown is up to three meters in diameter. It has the shape of a wide cone. It grows by 10-20 centimeters per year. The needles are short, 2-3 centimeters long, soft, the upper part is dark green and glossy, the lower part has two silvery stripes. Cones are purple-blue, up to three centimeters long.

Korean fir "Cis" (Cis) loves sunny or semi-shaded places, is not demanding to the soil, cold-resistant. It reaches a height of 80 centimeters. The crown grows up to 120 centimeters in diameter, therefore it has the shape of a ball. It grows 3-5 centimeters every year. The needles are soft, the upper part is green, glossy, and the lower part has two silvery stripes. The buds are purple-purple in color, 5-7 centimeters long and about 2 centimeters wide.

The needles are soft, the upper part is bright green, the lower one has two silvery stripes. The buds are purple-purple in color, 5-7 centimeters long and about 2 centimeters wide.

Korean fir: the most popular varieties, planting and care features

Description of Korean fir

European larch In Europe, completely dwarf forms are now in vogue. All firs are demanding for moisture, richness and drainage of the soil. Recent research by scientists related to the Spanish fir, has proven that this tree appeared even before the Ice Age. Today they are trying to establish how it survived: on reproductive shoots, with a pointed tip, on vegetative shoots, with a weakly pointed or rounded tip. Fir needles live for about 8-15 years, but where the climate is colder, the needles stay on the tree longer.

For better branching and the formation of a fluffy crown, it is recommended to pinch the central buds. It is also necessary to remove dried cones and branches from the plants. The varieties of Korean fir do not need formative pruning.Despite slight differences in the requirements for illumination and soil fertility, all varieties of Korean fir have a common feature - superficial roots. This must be taken into account when planting trees on your site.The needles of this variety are distinguished by a strong bend, which is why the tree is often called curly. The upper part of the needles is colored green, the lower part is white-green.

But not only this feature distinguishes one variety from another. The shape and color of the needles, the type of cones and their color, as well as preferences regarding growing conditions - all these characteristics are unique for each variety. They must be taken into account when selecting Korean fir for decorating a plot.

First

(L. decidua) Snapewood Broom, Kazbal and Corley are cushion-shaped forms with shoots fancifully spread out in the plane.

Siberian fir: variety of varieties (video)

The most popular varieties of Korean fir

Mountain pine

Fir propagates by seeds, which are harvested at the beginning of the ripening of the cones. You need to sow in autumn or spring. Under normal conditions, seeds are stored for up to one year. Reproduction by annual cuttings is also possible. The roots of cuttings are formed in 8-9 months.
The crown is conical, wide, low-set, branches are arranged horizontally. The bark is smooth, dark gray, cracks at maturity. Young shoots are glabrous, almost highly resinous. The branches are hard, covered with very hard spiky needles of a silvery-blue hue.

In most representatives, the needles are single, located spirally, due to the twisting of the petioles on the lateral branches, either flat or comb in one plane. At the base, the leaves are expanded into a rounded disc, retaining a trace on the shoot after falling, sometimes protruding a little.

Korean fir is extremely hardy When planting Korean fir, it is important to consider the fact that this species grows very slowly. The cones are medium, reaching 70 mm in length, painted in green-violet. The most popular varieties for cultivation among Russian amateurs and professional designers are considered varieties Korean fir widely used in decorative landscaping areas Korean fir evergreen conifer belonging to the Abies family koreana Wils, is widely used in decorative landscaping of sites. This species is represented by a wide varietal variety, due to which it can be used to create landscape compositions of any kind.

Blauer eskimo	Kornik	(P. mugo). They do not take up much space, grow slowly and are great for small rockeries. These are varieties such as Picobello, Moppet, Little Delight.	Looks great with other large trees (pseudo-tree, pine, spruce, larch). Low-growing species are planted with low conifers and ground cover perennials.	Korean fir grows in the mountains on the Korean Peninsula at an altitude of 100-1900 m above sea level. This type of fir has a rough bark. Its young, yellowish shoots are covered with fine hairs. Then they take on a red tint.
Cones are cylindrical, sessile, ovoid, ripen in the first year and disintegrate in autumn or winter, releasing seeds. The core of the cones stays on the branches for a long time. On the upper edge of the seed scales, cut or broadly rounded, narrowed downward, with a wedge-shaped base, without a navel.	You may also be interested in the article in which we talk about unpretentious conifers that can be grown on your site.	Therefore, it is important to provide an additional indent from the walls of buildings on the site, so that after a few decades the crown does not "rest" against the wall and does not suffer from a lack of light. Depending on the planted planting plan, Korean firs are planted at a distance of 5 m (to form flat and regular crowns) or 2 m (to create a dense hedge in the future) from each other.	Prefers bright places, withstands frosts well, but can break from snow adhering to the branches. The soil loves acidic, loose and moisture-consuming, with a high content of humus components. Used in single plantings, Japanese gardens and rockeries.	Diamond, Molly, Silberlock, Blue Emperor
In nature, Korean fir is found in the Northern Hemisphere in a temperate climatic zone.	, As the name implies, has a bright blue color of needles, it is often offered in the form of a standard form, which, frankly, is of little interest to our gardeners due to the weak resistance of such forms to snowfalls and spring burns. Therefore, it is better to look for either a low stem (no more than 20 cm in height) or a pillow shape.	- a variety with sharply rising young shoots.	Pay attention to compact varieties that are quite winter-hardy	Talking about new products in the world of conifers is not easy, because most often the market offers gardeners varieties that are more than a dozen years old.
The Korean fir is full of charm. Already in her youth, she begins to bear fruit in abundance. Excellent, upward directed purple-purple cones against the background of green needles give the tree an amazing look. Due to its decorative effect, Korean fir is widely cultivated all over the world.	Seeds are triangular-wedge-shaped or obovate-wedge-shaped, with resinous cavities, very difficult to separate from the wing surrounding the seed; the wing is fan-shaped or rectangular.	Among the main advantages of the plant, reviews of Korean fir mention extremely high frost resistance and slow growth, due to which the compositions on the site do not require annual correction of winter "surprises". The absence of the need for pruning is also appreciated by gardeners, because even with a complete absence of external influence on the forms, the Korean fir grows absolutely symmetrical and even (with the exception of dwarf shrub species). Among the disadvantages of Korean fir, susceptibility to aphid attacks is mentioned. However, this problem, according to gardeners, is easily solved with the help of insecticides.	The time of planting Korean fir in open ground is the beginning of spring before the formation of young buds and shoots on the seedlings.	Molly
And	It is considered one of the longest living plants.	Variety	Krejci	Pyrenean pine
Let's define the terminology right away. We will talk about conifers, not conifers. Professionals call conifers only plants of the genus Ephedra, and not at all pines, spruce, fir, larch, juniper, thuja and some other species.	Its high quality wood is used for the pulp and paper industry.	Fir begins to bloom in the 60-65th year of life, in an open place earlier. Male fir cones are at the top of last year's shoots, female cones are reddish-purple or green, erect upright, located singly in the upper part of the crown near the ends of last year's shoots. Fir grows very slowly for the first ten years, then picks up the pace. The maximum age of fir is about 300-500 years.	Judging by the numerous reviews of gardeners who have already become the owners of the Korean fir, this plant fits perfectly into any landscape. Due to the variety of forms and unpretentiousness, trees and shrubs belonging to this species have won the love of many. Having planted it on your site, you can forget about the need to decorate it with something else for many years.	The ideal age for planting material is from 4 to 10 years. Younger plants may die due to an abundance of light or frost, while older plants take root less well in a new place.

The crown is conical, up to 3 m in diameter, the maximum plant height is 7 m.

Landing features

Compact Some specimens in natural conditions reach the age of 400 years.

Ice breaker- in appearance it is generally a very strange plant, but it can bring the effect of some kind of alien miracle to the garden.

, Or hooked (P. uncinata), which have only recently appeared on the market. These are Braska, Jezek, Offenpass, Rusalka, Maja, Paradekissen. They are from both Western European and Polish nurseries.

Almost everything that we might consider new when visiting an exhibition or a sale has long been described and openly in nature or in large nurseries, where experts tirelessly search for forms promising for mass production. Therefore, the concept of new in the world of conifers is very, very conditional. After all, a new variety of pine, spruce or fir for a gardener could be described and found in reference books and encyclopedias for 20 - 30 years before it became available for purchase.A tree with a narrow pyramidal crown, slightly raised branches and a straight trunk. The bark of the trunk is gray, smooth, with small elliptical traces from flying twigs and cracks.Fir is a very decorative forest species, which gives not only timber, but is also common in landscape construction. Fir is very decorative and takes root well outside its natural range. Fir balsam and valuable resins are obtained from the bark of some types of fir, fir oil is obtained from branches and needles, and fir legs are also valued. Essential oil is made from them. In addition to essential oil, the foot contains ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and is also a raw material for its production.

The pine family has many different evergreen genera and tree species that delight our eyes all winter long. Among them is fir - a cone-shaped, slender plant with fragrant two-colored needles, lush, sprawling branches.

Silberlock fir is used in single plantings, Japanese gardens and rockeries The needles are bright green, bluish-gray on the lower part, very dense.

(The second name of this fir is Compacta Dwarf).

Care rules

A distinctive feature of this type of fir is slow growth.

With beautiful, inside-out needles, flaunting the white stripes of its lower part, is extremely bright and exotic. In the form of an eye-catching white and green pillow, it can look great in rockeries.
LittleBogle
Colorado spruce, or
Of greatest interest to Russian gardeners are now the new species of pines that have appeared on sale for us. First of all, it is a pine

Young shoots are yellow-green, pubescent, then become brownish-brown and naked. Her kidneys do not contain resin, are pubescent. The Caucasian fir is wind-resistant due to its developed root system.

It is one of the main forest-forming species in North America, where it grows in the coniferous zone. In the mountains, balsam fir rises to the border of the forest, but most often it grows in lowlands and next to gutters along with species of thuja, hemlock, spruce, pine, as well as deciduous species.

Most of the firs are common in the subtropics and temperate climatic zone. Only Siberian and balsamic plants grow to the north and withstand more severe conditions with low temperatures. In some species, the lower branches are very low and can even root in the ground.

Gardeners reviews

Korean fir is undemanding to soil nutrients and moisture, but acidic soils with a high humus content are more suitable for good development.

Conifers: a choice for the garden (video)

Cones are purple-blue, numerous, up to 5 cm long.

Fir. Photo and description

Variety name

It is thanks to him that the tree looks very dense and fluffy.

Third grade -

- rather bonsai-like form of larch. Her place is in a garden with oriental motives or in a luxurious rockery.

Blue

Banks
Demanding on air humidity, loves fresh, loam with an admixture of black soil. However, it can grow on calcareous soils. This type of fir is durable, lives up to 500-800 years.

The height of the tree is about 15-25 m and the trunk diameter is 0.8 m. Balsam fir is a very decorative species, thanks to the large number of young dark purple cones.

Large fir cones are directed upwards, they sometimes have a very interesting color, decorate the plant in summer and autumn, and fly around in the winter. The bark of young plants is usually smooth and only with age acquires scales or cracks.

Description of fir

It is important to avoid wetlands when planting, although the fir has a positive attitude to the presence of peat in the soil.It prefers well-lit, sheltered from the winds. Needs drainage and good hydration. Looks good in single plantings Crown shape, plant height

The trunk of Korean fir is even, in diameter it can reach 40 cm, however, in varietal plants grown in personal plots, the trunk rarely reaches a diameter of 27 cm.

The dwarf forms of larch are very interesting.

(Picea pungens) is native to the western United States. It has long been grown in Russia, but I would like gardeners to learn to understand a huge number of its varieties and start choosing the most beautiful: Baby Blue Eyes, Copeland, Edith, Fat Albert, Montgomery, Wendy.

(Pinus banksiana) - extremely hardy and frost-resistant, from the taiga zone of Canada. This species is distinguished by shortened but dense needles and a peculiar arrangement of branches. Young specimens resemble molded pines from Japanese gardens. They grow slowly, do not give a thick shade - in general, this is a godsend for practicing designers. Banks pine has the following low grades: Chippewa and Schoodic.

The homeland of the monochromatic fir is North America. Plantations of this species are usually located on shady slopes, as well as along rivers. Large tree with a conical crown.

The cones are gray-brown, oval-cylindrical, very resinous, 5 to 10 cm long and 2 cm thick. They fall apart in October.

Types and varieties of fir

Balsam fir

Some types of fir have a very interesting color, silver gray or bluish. They can be excellent ornamental plants in estates and parks. They are also used to decorate alleys. Most of these plants can be frost-sensitive, but most often at a young age. Mature plants are already more resistant in this regard.

If there is a possibility of flooding, good drainage should be provided.

Compacta

The appearance of the needles

White fir (European)

There are also varieties of Korean fir with an unexpressed central trunk (trunk).

- a good find for a garden designer; it has a dense, beautiful texture of a green crown and a small annual growth, which will allow planning the decorative appearance of the composition for many years.

Kampfer

Great fir

In addition to high varieties of this species, there are also a huge number of low and cushion-shaped ones: Glauca Procumbens, Early Cones, Blue Pearl, Centrys Gem, Blue Horizon, Benno, Lucky Strike, Lundebys Dwarf, Nimetz.

Very promising with us

Vicha fir

The branches are arranged horizontally. The height of the tree is about 35-50 m, the diameter of the trunk is 1.5 m. The needles are narrow, soft, about 5-8 m long, they smell like lemon. On both sides, it is dull-bluish-green.

Seeds are brown in color with a purple tint, their size is 5-8 mm. This type of fir enters fruiting at the age of 20-30. This type of fir is shade-tolerant. Prefers loamy moist soils. Lives for about 150-200 years.

In construction and for the manufacture of furniture, fir is rarely used, more in the pulp and paper industry. The resin of this tree is used for medical purposes, in the manufacture of soap and other perfumery products, household chemicals. Fir also supplies us with camphor and varnishes.

Spanish fir

The depth of the fir planting pit is 50-80 cm, depending on the type of plant. The more massive its crown and the larger the roots, the deeper and wider the hole needs to be made. It is important to carefully spread the roots of the fir and not to deepen the root collar. Otherwise, the tree will stop growing and may completely die within 3-4 years.

The crown is symmetrical and compact, no more than 80 cm high. The maximum growth per year is 5-7 cm.

Korean fir

The appearance of the cones

Such plants look like a cushion-shaped bush.

The following varieties of Korean fir are also interesting: spherical Crystal Hugel, narrow conical Gait, golden Golden Dream, ground cover Green Carpet, Oberon, Silverperl, Silver Show, Tundra, Schneestern.

Nordman fir (Caucasian)

(L. kaempferi), which differs from other species, as you probably know, by its beautiful blue needles. Pay attention to the following varieties: Bambino, Blue Dwarf, Blue Croc, Madurodam, Blue Rabbit. It's not scary to experiment with larch trees, including with the standard forms of all the varieties mentioned - as already mentioned above, they are very reliable in our conditions.

Of the real discoveries for the Russian garden, I would like to mention the variety of ordinary spruce (P. abies)

Twisted pine

Fir monochromatic

Bears fruit every 3 years. Cones are dark purple, oval-cylindrical, about 8-15 cm long. It grows very slowly, at 5 years its height reaches 1 meter, and at 10 years 2 meters. Grows well on sandy dry soils.

This type of fir grows at an altitude of about 350-1500 m above sea level, forms clear forests, as well as mixed with spruce and beech. The tree is about 30-60 m high, the trunk is up to 2 m in diameter. The needles are dull, flat, shiny, dark green above, below - with white stripes, about 2-3 cm long. On the shoots, it stays for 6-9 years.

You can sew a broken off branch into a pillow and fall asleep under a pleasant coniferous scent. Or scare away moths in the closet with it. And with sciatica or colds, you can take

The situation with planting Korean fir in containers is a little simpler.

Fir equiscale

The needles are dense and long (up to 4 cm), blue.

Preferred growing conditions

In most cases, the crown of Korean fir is a cone or pyramid. In this case, the color of the plant depends not only on varietal characteristics, but also on the age of the tree. Young specimens are colored light yellow or light green. As the needles grow older, or rather, succulent-shaped leaf blades, acquire emerald, bluish-green or rich green shades, often with a whitish or silvery bloom on the lower part of the needles.

Subalpine fir

Arizona fir

White fir

Location

(P. contorta). Its varieties are Frisian Gold and Taylors Sunburst.

Fir propagation

This fir is very decorative. Forms with silvery and bluish needles, which adorn any personal plot, are especially popular with gardeners.

Partners

Female cones are green, single, vertical, formed close to the ends of last year's shoots, male cones are purple or yellow, singly sitting in the axils of the needles of last year's shoots. White fir does not tolerate dryness and waterlogged soil. Likes to grow in moist fertile soils. The tree lives up to 300-400 years.

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Review of new varieties of pine, spruce, larch and fir

Fir baths.

The soil for low-growing bushy varieties is made up on the basis of general rules. The bottom of the flowerpot or container is equipped with drainage from shards, and the top is covered with soil. The roots of shrubby fir also need to be well straightened, and then covered with the rest of the soil flush with the root collar.

Cones on this variety are extremely rare.

Pines

Brilliant (diamond) Due to its slow growth, the fir looks like a very dense and fluffy tree.(A. lasiocarpa) is native to the highlands of western North America. By nature, it has bright bluish needles, which protects it at home from excessive sunlight. Therefore, it is quite resistant to sunburn. This type of fir is frost-hardy in central Russia, but after 15 - 20 years the lower part of the trunk is bare, which should be taken into account immediately when placing a seedling. They use mainly the Compacta variety, but it would be worth planting such new cultivars as Duflon, Lopalpun, Green Globe, Prikly Pete, Utah. It is not easy to find them in European nurseries, but they are worth it.

(Abies alba) is a European species. Fir is quite frost-resistant, but prone to spring burns. Therefore, you should pay attention to its dwarf varieties, which can be shaded in case of unfavorable spring weather: Bystricka, Hana Balatka, Hedge Franz.. This is a wonderful creeping ground cover variety that will perfectly decorate any retaining wall or slope and not only decorate relief imperfections, but also strengthen the slope. And it looks stunning. Of the new, amusing dwarf trees of this species, you should definitely pay attention to the varieties Hasin, Hiiumaa, Hocksteins Iseli, Klucinicece, Ziecice Balatka, Dumpy. All of them are stable in central Russia and practically do not burn in the spring sun.

Under natural conditions, the fir of the same scale grows in the central regions of Japan. The tree is about 25-40 meters high, the crown diameter is 1-5 meters. The crown is pyramidal, with smooth brown or gray branches.The wood of this fir is white, without resinous passages, very resistant to rot, it dries perfectly, is sawn, chopped, planed and veneered, due to this it is widely used in construction. 50 species, common in the temperate zones of the Northern Hemisphere.

Fir Blue Emperor prefers slightly shaded areas and nutritious moist soils with drainage Prefers bright areas with sandy loam or loamy soil filled with humus. Perfect for planting in a container, as well as for growing in rock gardens, coastal areas of water bodies and for walking areas.A natural dwarf with a pillow-shaped crown with a diameter of no more than 70 cm. The maximum plant height is 50 cm.

Fruits with seeds, or simply cones, grow vertically on Korean fir, which is why they are often compared to candles. On young trees, they are colored dark purple or bluish-green (depending on the cultivar type), on adults, they are brown-gray or gray-green. During growth, the segments of the cones are tightly closed, and at the time of ripening, they open, and the seeds spill out. Siberian fir Balsam fir

Also, Russian gardeners will be interested in the cushion-shaped bluish Pine bunge The needles are about 3 cm long and about 1-3 cm wide, the bottom is bluish in color, and the top is dark green.

Ate

The great fir grows in nature on the Pacific coast of North America. The crown of this type of fir is cone-shaped, in open areas it may start from the ground. The bark is thin, dark brown, with age, its thickness becomes 6-8 cm and begins to crack.Under natural conditions, fir grows in the mountain zones of the temperate and subtropical belt of Eastern and Central Europe, the Far East, Siberia, Eastern and Central Asia (China , Japan, Korea Peninsula, Himalayas), North America and North Africa Regardless of whether Korean fir grows in the open field or in a container, it is important to follow the general rules for caring for this plant:

Blue Emperor

The needles are dense, saturated dark green, on the reverse side they are bluish or silvery green with longitudinal stripes. The needles are soft, with curled edges, no more than 2 cm long. In any phase, be it winter dormancy or active growth in summer, representatives of Korean firs look very picturesque. They go well with flower and decorative deciduous crops, fruit trees and shrubs. Even planted in a rocky garden or on an absolutely flat lawn, they can add a certain zest to the landscape of the site (A. sibirica). For the first time in many years, the Liptovsky Pradek variety appeared on the market as the most stable and reliable variety in the middle fir zone.

(A. balsamea) - very hardy and resistant in central Russia, but it grows rather slowly. We advise you to use not only the popular varieties Nana and Piccolo, but also the compact Cuprona Jewel, Tyler Blue, Eugene Gold, almost blue Kiwi, White-tip Old Ridge. Spruce mariorica(P. bungeana) with an amazing colorful openwork crown. According to some reports, it must withstand the climate of central Russia. She also has compact low varieties.

Larch

Male cones 7 mm wide, 1.5 cm long, are ovoid. Female cones are dark purple, cylindrical. Brown cones, 3 cm wide and 10 cm long. Lives about 300 years.

Despite its decorative effect, great fir is rarely used in landscaping because of the requirements for growing conditions, as well as climate. A tree with a height of 35 to 90 m and a trunk diameter of 70-120 cm. The shape of the needles is dark green, has a tetrahedral shape. Prefers moderately moist fertile soils. Life expectancy is about 250-300 years In the western hemisphere, the fir is distributed from Alaska to Guatemala and from Labrador to the highlands of North Carolina. Fir mainly grows in humid, cool climates. The tallest tree in Russia is the fir (Young firs need shading and shelter from frost in the first years after planting.

The compact and very dense crown does not have a pronounced central trunk, which is why the shape of the plant resembles an elongated pillow. The maximum height of this variety is 1.5 m. The average annual growth is 6 cm. There are no cones.

In landscape design, many varieties of Korean fir are used, which can be conditionally attributed to two groups: Caucasian fir

Fir monochromatic(P. mariorika) Machala cultivars. This is a hybrid of Serbian spruce and black spruce. And her parent Serbian spruce (R. otopka) should pay attention to dwarf varieties such as Pimoko, Peve Tijn.

Unfortunately, even people who consider themselves professional garden designers rarely use the very stable and fabulously beautiful pine tree. It grows in the mountains of North America. Fir is best cultivated in areas with a humid warm climate. It is a valuable decorative species used in landscape design.Vicha fir grows naturally in the mountains of Japan, forming mixed or pure stands with other types of fir, spruce at an altitude of about 1300-1900 m above sea level. It is a slender tree with a pyramidal crown. It grows very quickly, at the age of 30 it reaches more than 10 meters in height.

Fir

Caucasian fir Young plants and those grown in containers especially need watering. It is important to recharge the water every 10-15 days. Adult plants can be watered 2-3 times per season. In especially dry years, you can increase the number of waterings up to 2 times a month.

The needles are short and dense, soft to the touch. The upper part of the needles is violet-silver or intense blue, the lower part is white, prefers areas protected from the wind. Demanding on light, but tolerates light shading. The soil for this variety must be slightly acidic, air and water permeable, loose and fertile. One of the best varieties to grow in a container. Suitable for rocky garden, mixborder and rabat.

Tall fir with a pyramidal or conical crown;, Or Nordmann (A. nordmanniana) can be used in the gardens of central Russia only in the form of dwarf pillow varieties wintering under the snow (Petra, Jakobsen). Large specimens, unfortunately, both burn and freeze slightly.

(A. concolor) is one of the most famous species of our gardeners. Its new varieties Blue Sapphire and Kalous are attractive. Both are cushion-shaped. The first has a deep blue color of the needles, the second is rather whitish-silver. In the garden, they will look harmoniously in the foreground of well-lit compositions of conifers and shrubs. Other varieties worth paying attention to compact Birthday Broom, Conica Witch Broom, Gables Weeping, La Veta and Piggelmee Larches (Larix) - one of the most reliable conifers for the middle lane. Unfortunately, most Russian gardeners know them either as huge trees, falling asleep all around with falling needles in the fall, or they know only a few weeping forms. However, in fact, the modern assortment of larch trees is not limited to this.

Rumelian It looks very impressive in group and single landings. Above the needles are dull blue-green, below with white stripes. Keeps on shoots for 9 years. Lives for about 300. The needles are soft, about 2.5 cm long, dark green, shiny on top, with white stripes on the bottom. In windy conditions, this gives the tree a silvery-white hue.

Korean fir begins to need feeding 3-4 years after planting. It is better to fertilize them with complexes for conifers (no more than 100-130 g of fertilizer per square meter.) The cones are small, dark blue or purple.

Silberlocke Undersized fir with a crown in the form of an irregular flattened ball or pillow. Landscaping of a house and a personal plot with conifers not only improves the state of the air environment (purification of the air from exhaust gases, smoke, dust and other harmful substances), providing aesthetic pleasure, but also preserves youth if pine needles are added to tea. And if you still create compositions of their conifers with your own hands, it brings joy and pleasure twice. Benches, pots, decorative fences, multi-colored flower pots, wicker fences, wrought-iron lanterns, glowing bulbs - all this creates a cozy, fabulous atmosphere in the garden.

Korean fir

Varieties, Or Macedonian (R. reise). Its blue form is very curious, which can overshadow the beauty of almost all other pines - this is a truly good discovery of recent years. There is also a low grade Arnold Dwarf.

Fir trees are shade-tolerant, but thrive best in good lighting. Wind resistant. Demanding air humidity. Very sensitive to air pollution by gases and smoke Cones are about 7 cm long, purple-purple at a young age, brown at maturity, wide-cylindrical scales, about 6-7 cm long. Seeds with a short wing, yellowish. Likes to grow in fertile soils. Lives about 200-300 years.

The fir is a powerful, monoecious, evergreen tree with a conical crown. The fir has a powerful root system, pivotal, going deep into the soil. Fir buds are resinous or without resin at all. Needles of two types: Korean fir grows best on soil mulched with semi-rotten sawdust or pine needles (previously disinfected and steamed). This inhibits the growth of weeds and makes the soil more permeable to moisture and air.

Prefers slightly shaded areas and nutritious moist soils with drainage. One of the best varieties for planting in rock gardens, oriental gardens.

The crown is conical, often without a pronounced main trunk. It grows slowly, the annual growth is about 12 cm.

The genus fir (Abies) belongs to the pine family. In Russia, the name of such a plant comes from the German word "Fichte", which means "spruce" in translation. Under natural conditions, fir can be found in temperate, subtropical and tropical regions of the Northern Hemisphere, as well as in Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras. Fir often prefers to grow in coniferous forests, along with pine, cedar or spruce. And such a tree can also be found in mixed and sometimes deciduous forests. This genus unites about 50 species of various plants, among which there are half-meter shrubs and trees, the height of which can reach 80 meters. At the moment, decorative fir is very popular, which is used to decorate squares and parks, as well as garden plots. Before you start planting fir, you should find out about its shortcomings, namely: low frost resistance, and also intolerance to gas, smoke and excessively dry air.

Features of fir

Fir is an evergreen monoecious plant that loves warmth and is shade tolerant. A powerful rod system of roots goes into the deep layers of the soil. In a young tree, the bark is smooth and thin; over the years, it cracks and becomes thicker. The crown has a conical shape, and it begins directly from the base of the trunk, which distinguishes the fir from other conifers. The arrangement of the branches is annular-horizontal. The leaves are whole-edged flat non-rigid needles that taper at the base into a short petiole. In winter, in most conifers, the needles are painted in a dirty red color, but not in fir. On the lower surface of each needle there are 2 stripes of white color. The needles on the reproductive shoots are pointed, while on the vegetative branches they are slightly notched or have a rounded apex. The appearance of male flowers resembles cone earrings. At the same time, female flowers have a cylindrical, ovoid or cylindrical-ovoid shape. Unlike other conifers, fir cones are directed upwards, rather than hanging down. The composition of female cones includes a rod with covering scales sitting on it, and inside them are fruit scales that carry a pair of ovules. Pollination of this plant is carried out by the wind. After the seeds ripen on the cones, the scales become stiff and fall off. In this case, the release of winged seeds occurs, and only the rods remain on the fir itself. Fir can be grown in the same place for 300 years.

Planting fir in open ground

What time to plant

Only those seedlings that are 4 years old or more are planted in open soil. Disembarkation can be done in April, but it is better to do this in the last days of August or the first days of September. It is recommended to plant fir on a cloudy day. A suitable landing site should be in partial shade or shade. The soil should be fertile, moist, well-drained and better if it is loam. It is very good if a reservoir is located a short distance from the landing site.

How to plant

The landing hole should be prepared half a month before the day of disembarkation. Its approximate dimensions are 60x60x60 centimeters, and the final value will directly depend on the dimensions of the seedling root system itself. Pour 20-30 liters of water into the prepared hole. After the liquid is all absorbed, the bottom of the hole must be dug up to half the bayonet of the shovel, and then a layer of broken brick or rubble is placed in it, the thickness of which should be from 5 to 6 centimeters. Then the hole is filled ½ part with an earth mixture consisting of clay, humus, peat and sand (2: 3: 1: 1), into which you need to pour from 200 to 300 grams of nitrophosphate and 10 kilograms of sawdust. After a couple of weeks, the soil in the hole will have to settle, after which you can proceed to the direct planting of the seedling. The root system of the plant is placed in such a way that its root collar is flush with the ground. It is best to set the root system on an earthen mound. After the roots are straightened, the pit will need to be filled with earth mixture (the composition is described above) and everything will be tamped well. The planted plant must be watered. In the event that you are planting a fir alley, then the distance between the seedlings should be from 4 to 5 meters. For group planting, the distance between plants should be from 3 to 3.5 meters for loose groups and 2.5 meters for dense groups.

Fir garden care

After each watering, loosening of the soil is required no more than 10–12 centimeters deep, and it is imperative to remove weeds. In young trees, it is recommended to sprinkle the trunk circle with a diameter of half a meter with mulch (sawdust, wood chips or peat). The mulch layer should vary from 5 to 8 centimeters. When doing this, make sure that the root collar of the plant is free of mulch. The planted fir will need to be fed only after 2-3 years, this should be done in the spring, by adding 100 to 125 grams of Kemira-wagon into the soil of the trunk circle. Only moisture-loving fir species require watering. For example, balsam fir needs to be watered 2 or 3 times during the whole season, but only during a drought. For one watering, you need to pour 1.5–2 buckets under each tree. Other species do not need to be watered, since they react extremely negatively to waterlogging, and natural precipitation is quite enough for them.

Pruning

Pruning is carried out in the spring before sap flow begins, and all dry and injured branches must be removed. And at this time, you can, if necessary, start shaping the crown. Garden shears are used for pruning. It should be remembered that during one haircut, the stem can be shortened by no more than 1/3. As a rule, the crown of such a tree is very neat and does not require shaping.

Transfer

Conifers, when compared with other plants, tolerate transplantation quite well and quickly take root in a new place. In the event that a young plant is transplanted, then it is necessary to pierce the soil in a circle, stepping back from the trunk from 0.3 to 0.4 meters, using a sharp shovel for this. Then, with the same shovel, it is necessary to pry the designated circle, immersing it in the soil to the depth of the bayonet. The fir is taken out together with a clod of earth and transported in a wheelbarrow to a new planting site, while it should be placed very carefully in the planting hole.

If the fir has already grown, then before proceeding with the transplant, it is prepared. To do this, the soil is pierced in a circle 12 months before the intended transplant, while more must be retreated from the trunk than in the first case. Within a year, the tree will grow young roots inside the designated circle, which will allow it to easily transfer the transplant. It should be noted right away that one person may not be able to cope with the transplant of the grown fir, so find yourself an assistant in advance. It is very important not to allow the earthen lump to collapse during transplantation.

Pests and diseases

There is nothing difficult in planting and growing fir. This plant is also distinguished by a fairly high resistance to diseases and harmful insects. However, sometimes it can begin to turn yellow, due to the fact that Hermes (a type of aphid) settle on it. To destroy such pests, use Antio or Rogor. At the beginning of spring, the female Hermes awakens, and it is at this time that the plant must be treated with a solution of any of these funds, while 20 grams of the drug is taken in a bucket of water. Also, these drugs will help get rid of such pests as pine cone leaf roll and fir shoot moth.

In some cases, this tree begins to turn yellowing of the needles, while rusty pillows appear on the stems. This indicates that the fir is infected with a fungal disease such as rust. Infected branches need to be cut and destroyed, as well as the needles that fell off, then the cutting sites are processed using a garden pitch. The crown should also be processed and for this, a solution of Bordeaux liquid (2%) is used. Take a good look at the area where the fir grows, if there is a starfish or chickweed on it, then these plants must be dug up and destroyed.

Fir propagation

If the fir is a species, then the generative method (seed) is used for its reproduction, while the harvesting of seeds is carried out as soon as the ripening of the cones begins. For propagation of decorative fir, the method of grafting is used.

Fir propagation by cuttings

The length of the cuttings should be between 5 and 8 centimeters. They should be cut only from young trees, while using only annual shoots, which have only one (not two!) Apical bud. Also, the stalk must be taken with a heel, for this it is recommended not to cut it off, but to tear it off with a sharp movement, while a piece of bark and wood of an older shoot should come off. Cuttings are harvested in spring, choosing a cloudy morning for this. You need to take them from the middle part of the crown from its northern side.

Before planting the cutting for rooting, all burrs should be carefully removed from the heel. Also carefully examine the bark; it should not peel off from the wood. As a preventive measure against fungal diseases, it will be necessary to process the cuttings. To do this, they are immersed for 6 hours in a 2% solution of foundationol or captan, and you can also use a dark pink solution of manganese potassium. After that, the cuttings are planted in a soil mixture, consisting of humus, sand and leafy earth (1: 1: 1). The planting is covered with a cap, which should be transparent. To speed up the rooting process, it is recommended to provide bottom heating of the soil, its temperature should exceed room temperature by 2-3 degrees. Move the cuttings to a well-lit place, protected from direct sunlight, and ventilate them every day. For the winter, the cuttings should be transferred to the basement, and in the spring they are taken out into the street. Rooting such cuttings is a relatively lengthy process. So, at the very beginning, an increase in callus occurs, and only in the second year roots are formed.

Growing fir from seeds

Collecting fir seeds is not easy. The fact is that in adult specimens, ripening cones are relatively high, and still ripe winged seeds fly away almost immediately. In order to extract the seeds, you need to pick a slightly unripe cone, which is dried and only after that the seeds are removed. Such seeds need stratification, for this, immediately after collection, they are placed in a basement with high air humidity or on a refrigerator shelf. Sowing seeds in open soil in a prepared bed of turf and sand is carried out in April, while they need to be buried in the soil only a couple of centimeters. The crops are not watered, but immediately covered with a transparent film, in this case a crust does not form on the surface of the soil, and seedlings will appear much faster. The first seedlings should appear after 20-30 days. From this time on, it is necessary to start watering them, weeding and loosening the soil surface. In order for the seedlings to survive the first wintering, they should be covered with spruce branches. The next year, you can start transplanting young seedlings to a permanent place. The seedling obtained from the seed is initially characterized by extremely slow growth, because at first there is a build-up of the root system. So, a four-year-old fir in height can reach only 0.3 to 0.4 meters. However, older plants grow much faster.

Fir in winter

Preparing for winter

Those firs, which experts advise to cultivate in the middle lane, are distinguished by a fairly high frost resistance. But young specimens still need to be covered with spruce branches, while the surface of the trunk circle must be covered with a layer of mulch (dried foliage or peat), the thickness of which should be from 10 to 12 centimeters.

Wintering in the country

Adult firs are able to tolerate winter well without shelter. But in the last days of winter, it is recommended to protect them from the overly active spring sun; for this, the plants are covered with non-woven material.

Types and varieties of fir with photos and names

There are a fairly large number of species and varieties of fir, but not all of them are popular with gardeners. Below will be described those of them that are more or less in demand in culture.

Balsam fir (Abies balsamea)

Under natural conditions, such a fir can be found in the United States and Canada, while its habitat in the north is limited to the tundra. In mountainous areas, such a tree can be seen growing at an altitude of 1.5-2 thousand meters. This frost-resistant shade-loving plant does not live very long, only about two hundred years. The height of such a plant can vary from 15 to 25 meters, and its trunk reaches 0.5–0.7 meters in thickness. Young fir trees are covered with gray-ash smooth bark. Older trees have cracked reddish-brown bark. Resinous pale green buds are light purple in color and are spherical or ovoid in shape. In length, dark green glossy needles can reach 1.5-3 centimeters, stomatal lines run along their entire surface. The needles can be slightly notched at the tops or blunt, they die off after 4-7 years. If you grind them, then you can feel a pleasant aroma. The height of the oval-cylindrical cones can vary from 5 to 10 centimeters, and their width is 2–2.5 centimeters. Unripe buds are dark purple in color, which after ripening changes to brown. Mature buds are highly resinous. This species has been cultivated since 1697. This fir is planted singly or used in small group plantings. The most popular forms are:

Hudsonia... This mountain dwarf plant has very dense branches, a wide crown and many short stems. Short needles are wide and flat in shape, their front surface is green-black, and the back is bluish-green. Cultivated since 1810.
Nana... The height of the tree does not exceed half a meter, the diameter of the rounded crown is about 250 centimeters. Thick, spreading branches are arranged horizontally. The short, lush needles are colored dark green, while on its lower greenish-yellow surface there are 2 stripes of bluish-white color. It has been cultivated since 1850. This plant is perfect for landscaping roofs, terraces and rocky gardens.

The following forms of this type are also cultivated: gray fir, variegated, dwarf, silvery, columnar, and even prostrate.

Korean fir (Abies koreana)

In nature, this kind can be found in the mountains of the southern part of the Korean Peninsula at an altitude of 1.8 thousand meters. These firs create clean forests and mixed ones. Young firs are very slow growing. However, in older specimens, the growth rate becomes faster over the years. In height, such a tree can reach 15 meters, while the trunk diameter varies from 0.5 to 0.8 meters. The shape of the crown is conical. Young specimens are covered with smooth ash-colored bark, in some cases with a purple tint. Older specimens have chestnut bark with deep cracks. The practically round buds are only slightly resinous. Lush needles are tough enough. Each needle is curved with a saber and has a notch at its apex. The upper surface of the needles has a dark green color, and the lower one is silver (due to 2 very wide stomatal stripes). The length of the cylindrical cones is about 5-7 centimeters, and in diameter they can reach 3 centimeters. Young buds are colored lilac-purple. This plant was brought to European countries only in 1905. This species is distinguished by a very high decorative effect due to its two-color needles, as well as winter hardiness. This article describes the planting and care of this particular type of fir. Varieties:

Blue Standard... It differs from the original species only in the dark purple color of the cones.
Brevifolia... This cultivar is characterized by extremely slow growth and a dense rounded crown. The needles, in comparison with the original species, are not so dense, its upper surface is painted in a swamp-green color, and the lower one is grayish-white. The color of small cones is purple.
Piccolo... A tree in height can reach only 0.3 m. In an adult specimen, the diameter of a spreading horizontal crown can reach up to 50 centimeters. The needles are the same as in the main species.

Caucasian fir, or Nordmann fir (Abies nordmanniana)

This species is considered a Caucasian endemic, because in nature it can be found only in the Caucasus Mountains. In height, this plant can reach 60 meters, and the trunk has a thickness of about 200 centimeters. Low-set branchy lush crown has a narrow conical shape. The crown apex is sharp, but in fairly mature specimens it is not very pronounced. The trees are covered with glossy, smooth bark, but deep cracks form after the plant is 80 years old. Egg-shaped buds have practically no resin. The length of the needles is about 4 centimeters, and its width is about 0.25 centimeters, its upper surface is painted in dark green, and on the bottom there are 2 stripes of white color. On cone-bearing shoots, the tops of the needles are gently pointed, and on vegetative shoots, there is a notch at the tops. In length, the cones reach 20 centimeters, and in diameter - 5 centimeters. Young buds are green while old buds are resinous dark brown. This species is fast-growing, and such a plant can live for about 500 years. The forms of the Caucasian fir: weeping, golden-pointed, gray-gray, erect, golden and white-pointed.

White fir (Abies concolor)

Such a fir is considered the queen among the representatives of the genus of fir. Under natural conditions, it can be found in the Southwest of the United States and in the North of Mexico. This tree prefers to grow in river canyons, as well as on mountain slopes at an altitude of 2 to 3 thousand meters above sea level. This species has a very high drought tolerance, while such a tree can live for about 350 years. Its height can vary from 40 to 60 meters, and the trunk thickness reaches 200 centimeters. The cone-shaped crown of a young tree is very lush, but as it ages, it thinns significantly. The color of the bark on older specimens is ash gray, while it is very coarse and cracked. The green-yellow resinous buds are spherical and about 50 mm in diameter. The length of the green-gray needles can be up to 7 centimeters, and its width is up to 0.3 centimeters. The apex of the needles is rounded and notched, while the stomatal lines are located on both their upper and lower surfaces. The shape of the cones is cylindrical-oval, they can be up to 14 centimeters long and 5 centimeters wide. The color of unripe cones is green or purple, and the color of mature ones is pale brown. It has been cultivated since 1831. This plant looks incredibly beautiful against the background of yellowed larches in autumn. Popular decorative forms:

Fir Compact... A dwarf shrub cultivar with open branches and blue needles. In some cases it is referred to as the Glauck Compact.
Violacea... The height of such a fast-growing plant can reach up to 8 meters. The wide crown has a conical shape, and the long needles are bluish-white. This fir has a very high decorative effect and is also resistant to drought.

Siberian fir (Abies sibirica)

Under natural conditions, it can be found in the north-east of Russia, while this tree prefers to grow in river valleys, as well as in the highlands. This species is distinguished by winter hardiness and shade-loving, and it is under state protection. Siberian fir is the most famous species of all that are included in this genus. In height, the plant can reach no more than 30 meters, and its narrow crown has a conical shape. The gray bark is smooth almost along its entire length, but at the very bottom it cracks. Narrow glossy needles are very soft, and they reach 30 mm in length. Their upper surface is dark green, and on the lower one there are 2 stripes of white color. Ripe upright buds become pale brown. Varieties of Siberian fir: white, graceful, blue, variegated, etc.

Not only the species described above are cultivated, but also such firs as: subalpine, Frazera, whole-leaved, equally scaled, Semyonova, Sakhalin, mayra, graceful, cephallian or Greek, tall, Vicha, white-brown or bud-scaled, white or European and Arizona.

Fir properties

A plant such as fir stands out strongly from all others (even conifers). The fact is that the wood of this tree contains no resinous substances at all, and this allows it to be used to create musical instruments, as well as to build ships. Fir bark is used to prepare a very valuable balm, and fir oil is extracted from needles and branches. A decoction made from the bark and needles can increase efficiency, strengthen the immune system, eliminate toothache, and lower the acidity in the stomach.

The resin of this plant has a powerful antiseptic effect, so it is used to treat cuts, ulcers, wounds and abrasions. For a long time, the indigenous people of America, as well as the first settlers, treated various diseases with fir resin, for example: cough, cancer, otitis media, scurvy, bronchitis, tuberculosis, eliminated pain in the throat, dysentery, mucosal inflammation, vaginal infection, gonorrhea, rheumatism, and they also removed pain in joints and muscles.

Medicines containing fir cell juice extract are used for various inflammatory processes, acute and chronic heart failure, rheumatism and infectious diseases. Fir cell sap is capable of:

improve hematopoiesis;
strengthen immunity;
fight inflammatory processes (used in the treatment of pulmonary diseases);
prevent the development of hypertension;
normalize and significantly improve the work of the excretory organs;
normalize the work of the digestive tract;
saturate the body with missing macro- and microelements, as well as vitamins;
protect from exposure to radiation;
have a sedative and antioxidant effect, as well as increase the body's resistance to negative environmental influences.

It is also used in the prevention of heart and vascular diseases and oncology.

You can buy fir juice in the form of a phyto-cocktail, it is completely ready for use. You can also buy it in its natural form, but this type of juice can be drunk exclusively diluted.

Fir essential oil shows very good results even in cases in which various chemotherapy drugs are completely powerless. For example, this oil helps to slow down, and in some cases stop the growth of cancer cells. The oil goes directly into the bloodstream and accumulates in the focus of the disease, while it fully retains its healing properties, as it bypasses the digestive organs. The active ingredient in this substance is camphor. Fir oil is widely used in traditional medicine, as it has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, sedative, bactericidal, analgesic, tonic and tonic effects. It is also quite popular in cosmetology, it is used to eliminate: lichen, edema, flabbiness of the epidermis, acne, boils, wrinkles, warts, etc.

Before you start using preparations or folk remedies prepared on the basis of fir, you should familiarize yourself with some rules:

It is necessary for the duration of treatment to refuse drinks that contain even a small dose of alcohol.
You can not take such funds if you have an individual intolerance to fir.
These drugs cannot be used for treatment for people with kidney pathology, as well as for patients with epilepsy, and with an ulcer or gastritis of the stomach. And they must be abandoned by pregnant and breastfeeding women, as well as children.
If you use the product incorrectly or exceed the dosage, this can lead to an allergic reaction. If red spots appear on the skin, itching and swelling, the drug should be stopped immediately.

To check whether a product will cause an allergic reaction or not, you need to apply 10 to 15 drops of this drug to the skin on the back of your hand and rub it well. You can evaluate the result after 2-3 days. But even if you are not allergic to fir remedy, before taking it, you should consult with your doctor about the dosage before taking it.

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