Diy models of village houses. Master class on making a model of a Cossack courtyard for a mini-corner "Cossack courtyard
Master - class "Model of the Russian hut"
Description: I bring to your attention a master class on making a model of the "Russian hut, to educate children in interest, respect for history, culture, and the Russian people.
This year one of the main tasks in our kindergarten was the introduction of children to spiritual culture, the awakening of the foundations of national identity. The contest Mini - museum "Russian hut" was held.
For the manufacture of the hut, I made a layout, for which I needed a cardboard box. She cut off one side of the box. Cut out the windows. From paper rolled "logs" of different diameters. The outer side of the walls is pasted over with larger logs, and interior walls smaller diameter. She glued paper to the floor, drawing boards. Then I painted everything inside with yellow gouache, and outside with brown.
I made trims from brown colored paper at the windows.
To cover all the irregularities in front and on the sides of the house, I pasted over them with brown colored paper. The roof was made from bamboo skewers. It took two packs. She made platbands on the roof of the house, cutting them out of paper. She hung curtains on the windows, made a shelf for the icon in the "red corner", placing a piece of fabric on it the same as the curtains.
The stove is made of small cardboard boxes pasted over with white paper, the pipe is made of polystyrene and also pasted over with white paper. Behind the stove is a shelf for utensils, a piece of cloth is laid on it.
She molded utensils from salted dough: a cast iron with a lid, pots, jugs, a grab, a poker. After drying everything, painted with gouache, and then varnished. I cut out the damper for the stove from cardboard and pasted it over with white paper.
Of course, you cannot do without a table and a bench in the "red corner". They are also made of cardboard. There is cloth on the table and benches, rugs on the floor. That's what I did.
To begin with, you need to saw on a circular quite a lot of square-shaped sticks. Approximately 16mm thick. If this house has six crowns, then you need 24 sticks. Our house is square in plan, so sticks are needed of the same length. The length of the sticks must be chosen according to the length of the future walls of the house. Plus 2 centimeters.
Then you need to give the sticks a cylindrical shape. This is usually done on a special machine. We don't have it, so we use a regular wood lathe.
The front and rear centers of the machine leave quite noticeable indentations when machining on the stick. Therefore, the ends of the sticks, where the indentations remained, need to be sawed off. A centimeter on one side and a centimeter on the other. And so you need to process all 24 sticks.
In this picture, the grooves are clearly visible. 
Then two grooves are cut in each stick. 
Then we smear these grooves with "Joiner" glue (quick-drying PVA). If necessary, we also smear the entire length of the stick.
And glue it together. Crown after crown.
Until we assemble the whole frame. It will take about 15 minutes for the carpenter to dry out. Therefore, all this time, the whole frame must be pressed from above. You can just use your hands. When everything is glued together, it should look like this.
Now we mark the slots for the door and windows.
And we saw through with a jigsaw.
Before cutting out the windows, we drill a hole in the wall of the house. We will then insert the file into it. Sawing window and doorways it will just show us whether we glued the sticks tightly or not.
Where necessary, we cut with a knife.
As a result, we should get this.
Then we grind and trim the ends of the logs on a rotating plywood wheel with a sandpaper.
We paint the house with a strong manganese solution. It is possible only outside.
When the manganese dries up, we wipe the house with a sandpaper. So we have a stretch in color. Some places are highlighted, others remain dark.
As a result, it should be like this. Here we have blanks for two houses at once.
Then we cut out two triangular pediments from the fiberboard. The roof angle on most homes is 90 degrees. In the gable blank, you need to make two semicircular cutouts for sticks. They are made with a semicircular chisel.
Then birch bark is glued to these blanks. And already on it, embossing is done, depicting the boards and the structure of the tree. Embossing can be done with a very large needle. Then the embossed surface is painted with manganese, and the excess dye is wiped off with 646th solvent. You need to rub hard. Firmly pressing a cloth soaked in solvent against the birch bark. It should look like this.
Then windows are cut out of birch bark according to the size of the openings. Better two-layer. Then they need to be glued together and glued into the openings.
But the windows and gables are already glued into place.
Then we make the roof. The roof is made of birch bark on a cardboard base. Rows of scales are cut on the birch bark with two incisors. And thick cardboard is painted first with manganese, then with a non-aqueous stain for shine.
House model and its architectural model - how are they different? The first one can be made from available materials: paper, cardboard or wood. It does not have to repeat the shape of any particular structure. The architecture of the building can be anything you like, as long as the result of your creativity pleases both you and those around you.
An architectural model is an exact copy of a building with repetition of all the main and secondary features. It is built with expensive materials and can take months of hard work to create. Therefore, we propose to start with building a model of a house from scrap materials. Don't know how? In this article you will find recommendations and detailed instructions on how to make a layout of cardboard and wood.
Miniature paper house
A model of a paper house, the diagram of which is attached in this article, is a simple construction, although the work on its creation can be an interesting creative process that requires attention and perseverance. You will need thick paper, newsprint or packing paper will not work.
It is better to take a standard sheet of 29x21 cm. If the contours of your future house do not fit into the size of the sheet, you can glue two together using the "joint to joint" method with overlapping a strip 2 centimeters wide. After the blank of the required size is received, it is necessary to make a markup. We propose to build a model of a house out of paper, which will be rectangular in plan, two-story, with three doors, windows and
Drawing
First of all, we recommend that you copy our scheme, which you see in the photo, in order to indicate the dimensions of the future building. Then you need to decide what length and width the layout will have. Write these numbers on the diagram. Next, determine the height of the first and second floors, as well as the roof. Now you can transfer the resulting drawing to the base sheet using a ruler and a pencil, measuring out all the parameters of the future house. The next step is to draw windows and doors. Their location can be changed as you like, depending on your taste. The layout of a paper house allows you to make design changes at any stage of construction.
Assembling the layout
The next step is to draw all the "wings" that you see in the diagram. They will act as mounting brackets when assembling the breadboard, supporting the roof and connecting the walls. This is followed by the most important part of the work, requiring accuracy and attention. Go through all the lines of the drawing with a ballpoint pen along the ruler and with pressure. This is done so that you can fold the paper where you want it.
A paper house layout requires precise fold lines. After all the borders have been drawn, you can cut out windows and doors, as well as "wings" with scissors. The next crucial moment: it is necessary to bend the entire structure correctly and glue it in the right places. For this we recommend PVA glue. When the layout is dry, you can start painting.
House layout made of cardboard
Such buildings are made not only of paper. A do-it-yourself model of a house can also be made of cardboard, a material strong enough to make the building look "real", with opening doors, windows, floors and ceilings, interior decoration and even inhabitants sitting inside on miniature sofas and chairs.
It all depends on how much the "builder" is interested in the end result. He can build any model of the house with his own hands. However, its implementation is a complex creative process that requires accuracy and perseverance. You will need a regular tool: scissors, a stationery retractable knife, an awl, a ruler (preferably metal) and PVA glue.
Corrugation as the main material
It is better to take two types of cardboard for making a layout: smooth and corrugated three-layer. The second will go to the floor and ceiling, and the first will be used to make a corner for connecting individual parts of the structure, small parts of the external and internal design. A cardboard house layout needs a base. It can be a plate glued from two layers of corrugation or cut from plywood. The base or sole of the model is drawn according to the dimensions of the future house and can be filled with decorative miniature flower beds, garden vases, and benches.
Next, you need to draw on the basis of the layout of the walls, porch and outbuildings. After that, you can start making the main parts: walls with cut out door and window openings, ceiling and floor of the second floor (if to assemble the structure it is necessary to prepare corners from thin smooth cardboard. The longer the corner is, the stronger the connection. Optimally, its length should be at least 70% of the connection length. The width of the cardboard corner is 1.5-2, 0 cm.
House model made of wood
A do-it-yourself model of a house from wood can be made only with the participation of adults, since the work is related to woodworking machines for home use. They are quite dangerous if there are no working skills. Hand tool for wood processing also requires care when working with it. The blades of knives, planers, files and graters have sharply sharpened cutting edges.
Blanks
Layouts wooden houses do it yourself require accuracy in the process. Their creation is a fascinating creative activity, during which the master can show ingenuity and ingenuity. First you need to make a drawing of the future house. Then make a base for the breadboard. After that, you can start creating parts.
Walls and floors are best made of thin planks 1.5-2.0 centimeters wide and 5.0-7.0 mm thick. The workpieces are placed on a flat surface close to each other and fastened with the same strips, which are applied perpendicularly from above and pressed with some kind of weight. Previously, all parts are coated with PVA glue. After the manufactured block dries out, it can be customized according to the drawing and docked with other parts.
Finishing
The assembled model must be sanded and sanded. This is done by hand with 25-H grade glass cloth on a fabric backing. Then the surfaces are sanded clean with 8-H grade sandpaper to full smoothness. After processing, the layout can be painted, doors installed, windows inserted and finishing work can be done.
A do-it-yourself model of a house, as a rule, has a removable roof. This is necessary in order to have free access to indoor areas, since in a miniature building you will have to install toy furniture and other interior decoration items. The surface of the walls is covered with "wallpaper", that is, painted strips of paper. The floor needs to be painted in Brown color or cover it with linoleum - it can be made from oilcloth.
The village layout is made of cardboard and natural materials , using paints and hot glue. Quite simple, but it takes time. However, it is a pleasure for me to tinker rather than sew something. Therefore, this option will interest those who like to do crafts with their own hands.
Firstly, a cardboard box is useful for such a layout, which we leave with only two walls, but so that they form an angle.
Use paints to paint the background. The makings of an artist are not needed here. We draw hills with green grass, the sky, and when the paint dries up we draw trees, shrubs and other additions. And do not forget to draw the grass and paths in the village courtyard itself. I painted everything in gouache. Yes, sometimes it is painted a little, but this is not critical.
We remember the village courtyard, what is in it? House and farmyard, it can be solid or for each animal its own house. The idea with separate houses came up for me.
Photos from two years ago, now the yard has undergone changes and looks more elegant. But I will say that even if you didn’t paint and finish something, it doesn’t matter for a child, especially a small one. Because this unusual world will simply captivate him, as it captivated mine.
Pet houses are made of boxes. They are glued with hot glue, painted, decorated here and there with twigs, which are also glued with hot glue.
For example, for a goat, the ceiling of the yard is made using a PC disk. The edges of the house are decorated with forest nuts.
But the pigs' stall is made of twigs, which are also glued with hot glue.
The sheepfold for sheep is also without a roof, but decorated with twigs. Here the main imagination, how and what, we do approximately, add what is associated with the village.
And for the geese we have a pond. The pond is made of paper using PVA glue. We coat the paper with glue, crumple and glue, it turns out prd with ripples :). For beauty, enclose the bridge, the edges of the pond, so that it looks more interesting and complete.
Horse stall out of the box. When you take the box, look carefully, perhaps you just need to cut or cut something, and not cut everything so that you do not glue anything in addition.
There are also dogs in the village yard, but they live ... Right in the kennel. Therefore, we will make a kennel out of a juice box.
A village house, or rather its image, is made of cardboard, plus small decorations from scrap materials.
What a house without a bench. Therefore, there is one, and if there is a bench, then there is a front garden or a flower bed to admire the flowers :).
The cat, as is customary for her, climbs on the roof, and therefore there is a place for her in the form of a visor.
Here and there firewood is lying, there is not split, and there is already a woodpile near the house. Firewood is made from wine cork. And, of course, a well. The well is made from a bottle of Agusha yogurt :). With the help of a clerical knife, I cut out the holes, and therefore did not glue anything additionally. Above is a roof made from a thermal milk bag. The spinner at the well has a wine stopper, a string of thread, and a bucket of a shampoo lid.
That's all! 
We spent the thematic week using this layout. Therefore, such concepts as a barnyard and a village, a stable, a cowshed, a sheepfold, a booth, a pond, a pigsty were studied clearly :).
We've been playing for 2 years now, Vlad: from 1 year 5 months
The creation of miniature models (layouts) of buildings is usually the responsibility of architects. Before starting the construction of a house or a whole residential complex, you first need to make a scale sample (photo). Real architects make models of PVC (polyvinyl chloride), and parts for future buildings are cut out on a special milling machine, which is assigned a specific computer program.
Such a machine is able not only to cut out microscopic parts with jewelry precision, but also to apply a section on their surface that imitates brickwork or other coating. Thanks to this, the maximum reliability of the layout is achieved. The machine cuts out tiny windows, doors and other details. After that, the architect connects them together using a solvent, which melts the edges of the PVC plates and firmly bonds them to each other.
All the same can be done at home, but only without a milling machine, PVC and solvent, but using cardboard, paper, PVA glue and scissors. The production technology is very similar to that used by the pros. The difference lies only in the materials and, of course, in the quality of the model produced in this way.
But if you try very hard, you can make a paper building no worse than what an architect creates with a high-tech milling machine. So how to make a DIY home mockup using a rudimentary stationery kit?
What you need to work
To make a layout at home, you need the following tools:
thick white / colored A4 paper (several sheets);
cardboard of the same size;
a sharp construction knife (it is convenient for them to cut out the walls of a building, and then cut small windows and doors into them);
glue brush;
PVA glue;
wooden or plastic sculpting board (it is convenient to cut parts on it so as not to damage the table);
scissors;
pencil;
ruler.
You can also use the usual household hair dryer for accelerated drying of glued parts. You can cut a building out of paper or cardboard. The last option- more reliable, but a little more difficult to work with. You can cut the entire layout out of paper, and then fix it on several "load-bearing" walls made of cardboard (photo). This will strengthen the entire structure and give it more stability.
Creating a diagram of the future building
There are two ways to create the walls of the future building. For the first, the scheme is used as in the photo below. This is literally the entire building completely, but in a spread. Walls standing next to it can be made solid and not cut. They will simply need to be bent later, forming the corners of the building.
Immediately outline the locations of the future windows. They should be on the same level. Do not forget to leave small indents on the sides and bottom of the walls, as in the diagram. Then, with their help, it will be possible to connect the structural parts with each other. The entire building should be done to scale, so that in the future the walls, roof and other parts of the house are proportional.
Making a layout: method 1
After the whole scheme is drawn on paper, all that remains is to cut out the future building, bend the lines marked with a blue dotted line and cut the windows with a construction knife. Use a sculpting board. It is on it to cut out parts from cardboard, and then glue them together is much more convenient.
The scheme shown in the photo above is suitable for the production of the simplest houses. More complex structure will literally have to be composed of several parts. By the way, the layout can also be made opening (so that you can see interior decoration Houses). It is on this principle that children's houses for dolls are made, which can be purchased in a store.
To make such a layout (photo), it is advisable to use the most thick cardboard whatever you can find. In order for part of the wall to open, an appropriate mount is used (this can be found in old Soviet-made caskets) or just a piece of cardboard bent in half. Doors can be made opening in the same way.
Method 2
The second method is suitable for the production of models of buildings of more complex configurations (photo).
First, a sheet of paper must be folded like an accordion, as in the photo. The more folds, the more the walls will turn out, but their width will be, accordingly, less. Draw ½ of the building facade on one fold. We draw very carefully, outlining the places of the cut with a bold line, and outlining the places where the paper is folded with a thin line.
Then we cut out along the bold lines and unfold the accordion. The result is a whole facade, absolutely proportional and even as in a mirror image. We bend paper holders as in the photo and cut through the windows with a construction knife.
After that, the parts of the structure are assembled together, coated with glue at the joints and glued together. We make a base for the layout out of cardboard. When the whole structure is ready, you can paint it with paints or stick some images (as in the photo).
Making trees and grass
To make the layout look more reliable and you can visually assess its scale, it is advisable to decorate the cardboard stand with greenery: grass and trees. This will require:
a can of green paint;
acrylic paint in several shades of green;
dried twigs (dead wood);
a piece of foam rubber;
glue;
awl;
paint brush.
First, in any unnecessary container, you should mix several tones of green acrylic paint(dark and light for maximum fidelity effect). After that, you need to cut the foam rubber into small pieces and soak them properly with this paint. When the foam is colored, leave it to dry for a day.
Cut the dried foam rubber into such small pieces that they literally resemble crumbs. She will be our herb. After that, paint over the cardboard stand several times with greenery, and when the paint dries, cover it with a thick layer of glue. Pour green foam crumbs onto the wet glue in random order. The grass is ready.
When the glue is completely dry, you need to make several holes with an awl in the cardboard base. Be very careful not to damage the entire layout. We paint dry twigs with green paint from a can and stick them into the holes in the stand. Now the trees have taken their place. All this vegetation makes our paper building look more realistic.