Social science. A new complete guide to prepare for the exam. Ed. Baranova P.A.

3rd ed. - M .: 2017 .-- 544 p. M .: 2016 .-- 544 p.

In a handbook addressed to alumni high school and applicants, the material of the course "Social Studies" is given in full, which will be checked on a unified state exam. The structure of the book corresponds to the modern codifier of content elements by subject, on the basis of which exam tasks- control and measuring exam materials(KIM). The reference book contains blocks-modules "Man and Society", "Economy", "Social Relations", "Politics", "Law", which form the basis of the school course "Social Studies". Concise and clear - in the form of diagrams and tables - the form of presentation ensures the maximum efficiency of preparation for the exam. Sample assignments and answers to them, completing each topic, will help to objectively assess the level of knowledge, skills and abilities.

Format: pdf ( 2017 , 3rd ed., 544s.)

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Format: pdf ( 2016 , 544s .; White)

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CONTENT
Foreword 6
BLOCK-MODULE 1. PERSON AND SOCIETY
Topic 1.1. Natural and social in man. (Man as a result of biological and sociocultural evolution) 12
Topic 1.2. Worldview, its types and forms 17
Topic 1.3. Types of knowledge 20
Topic 1.4. The concept of truth, its criteria 26
Topic 1.5. Thinking and acting 30
Topic 1.6. Needs and interests 41
Topic 1.7. Freedom and necessity in human activity. Freedom and responsibility 45
Topic 1.8. The systemic structure of society: elements and subsystems 50
Topic 1.9. Basic Institutions of Society 55
Topic 1.10. Culture concept. Forms and varieties of culture 58
Topic 1.11. The science. Key Features scientific thinking... Natural and social sciences and humanities 65
Topic 1.12. Education, its importance for the individual and society 78
Topic 1.13. Religion 81
Topic 1.14. Art 89
Topic 1.15. Moral 95
Topic 1.16. The concept of social progress 101
Topic 1.17. Multivariance social development(types of companies) 106
Topic 1.18. Threats of the XXI century ( global problems) 109
BLOCK-MODULE 2. ECONOMY
Topic 2.1. Economics and economic science 116
Topic 2.2. Factors of production and factor income 122
Topic 2.3. Economic systems 126
Topic 2.4. Market and market mechanism. Supply and demand 134
Topic 2.5. Fixed and variable costs 145
Topic 2.6. Financial institutions. Banking system 147
Topic 2.7. Main sources of business financing 154
Topic 2.8. Securities 160
Topic 2.9. Labor market. Unemployment 163
Topic 2.10. Types, causes and consequences of inflation 173
Topic 2.11. Economic growth and development. The concept of GDP 177
Topic 2.12. The role of the state in the economy 184
Topic 2.13. Tax 191
Topic 2.14. State budget 195
Topic 2.15. World economy 202
Topic 2.16. Rational economic behavior of an owner, employee, consumer, family man, citizen 210
BLOCK-MODULE 3. SOCIAL RELATIONS
Topic 3.1. Social stratification and mobility 216
Topic 3.2. Social groups 227
Topic 3.3. Youth as social group 232
Topic 3.4. Ethnic communities 235
Topic 3.5. Interethnic relations, ethno-social conflicts, ways to resolve them 240
Topic 3.6. Constitutional principles (foundations) of national policy in the Russian Federation 249
Topic 3.7. Social conflict 252
Topic 3.8. Types of social norms 260
Topic 3.9. Social control 264
Topic 3.10. Family and marriage 267
Topic 3.11. Deviant Behavior and Its Types 272
Topic 3.12. Social role 276
Topic 3.13. Socialization of the individual 280
BLOCK MODULE 4. POLICY
Topic 4.1. Power 283
Topic 4.2. State, its functions 291
Topic 4.3. Political system 304
Topic 4.4. Typology of Political Regimes 307
Topic 4.5. Democracy, Its Basic Values ​​and Features 310
Topic 4.6. Civil society and the state 314
Topic 4.7. Political elite 323
Topic 4.8. Political parties and movement 327
Topic 4.9. Mass media in the political system 336
Topic 4.10. Election Campaign in RF 342
Topic 4.11. Political process 351
Topic 4.12. Political participation 355
Topic 4.13. Political Leadership 360
Topic 4.14. State authorities of the Russian Federation 364
Topic 4.15. Federal structure of Russia 374
BLOCK-MODULE 5. RIGHT
Topic 5.1. Law in the system of social norms 381
Topic 5.2. The system of Russian law. Legislative process in the Russian Federation 395
Topic 5.3. The concept and types of legal responsibility 401
Topic 5.4. Constitution Russian Federation... Fundamentals of the constitutional system of the Russian Federation 409
Topic 5.5. Legislation of the Russian Federation on elections 417
Topic 5.6. Subjects of civil law 421
Topic 5.7. Organizational and legal forms and legal regime of entrepreneurial activity 428
Topic 5.8. Property and non-property rights 433
Topic 5.9. The procedure for hiring. The procedure for concluding and terminating an employment contract 440
Topic 5.10. Legal regulation of relations between spouses. The procedure and conditions for the conclusion and dissolution of marriage 448
Topic 5.11. Features of administrative jurisdiction 453
Topic 5.12. The right to a favorable environment and how to protect it 460
Topic 5.13. International law (international protection of human rights in peacetime and wartime) 468
Topic 5.14. Disputes, the order of their consideration 473
Topic 5.15. Basic rules and principles of civil procedure 476
Topic 5.16. Features of the criminal procedure 484
Topic 5.17. Citizenship of the Russian Federation 495
Topic 5.18. Conscription, alternative civilian service 501
Topic 5.19. The rights and obligations of the taxpayer 509
Topic 5.20. Law enforcement agencies. Judicial system 513
Training version of the examination work in social studies 523
The system of assessing the examination work in social studies 536
Literature 540

The reference book includes the material of the school course "Social Studies", which is tested on the unified state examination (USE). The structure of the book corresponds to the Federal state standard secondary (complete) education in the subject, on the basis of which the examination tasks were developed - control measuring materials (CMM), which make up the examination work in social studies.
The reference book contains the following content blocks-modules: "Man and Society", "Economy", "Social Relations", "Politics", "Law", which form the core of the content of school social science education and correspond to the codifier of the content elements in social science, tested within Unified State Exam.

The Unified State Exam is a unified state exam that is taken by grade 11 students. The main difference from the standard passing of the ticket exam is the impossibility of preparing answers to specific questions; a system for choosing an answer from possible options has been introduced into the Unified State Exam.

The admission of a graduate to a higher educational institution depends on the result of the delivery. In the process of repeating the material for the exam, it is customary to refer to various reference books for preparation. What formats of reference books are there and which one is better to choose - you will now find out.

Types of directories

For good preparation for the exam, it is necessary to use not only school textbooks, but also various other materials. Let's consider what are the types of reference books for preparing for the unified state exam.

School textbooks

Textbooks are written understandably and as much as possible simple language... The material is laid out on the shelves in great detail. All basic definitions, concepts, dates and numbers are described separately. This is the basic level. All paragraphs are accompanied by illustrations and descriptions of terms.

This option is suitable for learning a subject from scratch, at the beginning of the school year. However, it will not work if there are a couple of months left before the exam.

Abbreviated textbooks

This type of literature was created for students who have already formed basic knowledge and have a certain foundation in the subject. In these editions, the material is presented in a more thesis, like a synopsis.

This option is suitable for students who already study from school textbooks, but want to expand the boundaries of their knowledge and better prepare.

Profile textbooks for universities

Among the publications for universities, you can find a lot of textbooks that fully reveal one or another discipline. They will enable the student to gain complete and in-depth knowledge of the subject, the level of which will be quite sufficient for admission to a higher educational institution. The applicant will understand the subject better than in the school curriculum.

To obtain a high score, it is advisable to refer to the textbooks of specialized universities. But this can only be done if the student has completely mastered the material on the subject within the framework of the school curriculum. Otherwise, the textbook of higher educational institution will only bring confusion to the student's head due to profile definitions and a higher level than at school.

Supporting materials

Additional materials: tables, diagrams, formulas, atlases are required for studying the subject, regardless of the desired score on the exam. Each subject has certain information, which is put into separate pages, for example: multiplication tables, periodic table, etc.

This is useful for better assimilation of the material. This information should not be neglected.

Which reference book should you choose?

For high-quality and systematic preparation for the exam, one cannot be guided by any one material. It is advisable to use different sources... The choice of a reference book depends on the level of knowledge of the student.

Gotta start from the simplest- from the basic definitions that are found in school textbooks. You should fully understand and learn the basic information. From this level it is possible to use all auxiliary materials... They start to study from the simplest level and do not abandon until the exam. Further you can go to reference materials and higher-level textbooks. They assume an understanding of the terminology of the subject and cover the topic more broadly.
For students who want to get the maximum score on the USE, maximum knowledge coverage is required. To do this, you need to use textbooks from specialized universities. Thanks to these sources, the student will fully master the subject, which will have a positive effect on the final result.

To prepare for the exam, there are several types of reference books. It all depends on the level of the desired exam score:

• For passing the exam for 3 - enough school textbooks and auxiliary materials.
• To get the maximum score, you will have to try and study more complex, specialized materials.

However, just reading the reference books does not guarantee excellent passing the exam, in any case, diligent study of the subject and diligence are necessary.

In this article, we provide an overview of study guides for preparing for the exam in mathematics. Let's start with the traditional "paper" textbooks, and then talk about useful sites, because most of the students prepare for the Unified State Exam on the Internet.

How to choose a textbook to prepare for the exam in mathematics? It is clear that this is not a school textbook: most of them do not even have the word “Unified State Exam”. It is clear that the textbook should cover all the topics of the exam in mathematics, it should be written in a simple and understandable language, and it is good when it contains the necessary theory, a reference book, and problems.

For example, Anna Malkova's book “Mathematics. Author's course of preparation for the exam ”. This is a study guide for preparing for the exam on all topics, from the simple tasks of the first part to the most difficult ones - tasks with parameters and tasks for numbers and their properties. The book is written in such a way that even a poor student can understand it, and at the same time all topics are told at the required level of mathematical culture.

Now we need options for training. You can use collections of options edited by I.V. Yashchenko. At the same time, you need to know that such collections are bad, good and normal. The Bad: 50 Training Variants Collection. The same old stuff is collected there, and the same tasks are repeated with different numbers. But we don't need that.

A good collection is “36 training options”. As a rule, in such collections they give fresh versions, what really was the last 2-3 years in exams and even what may be caught this year. Minus: some topics of the second part are skipped there.

Since a lot of collections were published under the editorship of I. V. Yashchenko, the tasks in them are repeated. He has a paucity of choice. One book there small choice... To expand the selection, we take collections edited by FF Lysenko. Note that tasks from collections edited by FF Lysenko often turn out to be those that are later given on the exam in mathematics. We have been observing this statistic for two years now.
We can also advise:
Textbooks V.V. Kochagin and M.N. Kochagina on stereometry (part 2),
Collections of R.K.Gordin on geometry (part 2),
Collections of problems by A. G. Koryanov and A. A. Prokofiev - on algebra, solving inequalities, problems with parameters.

Now - about the sites for preparing for the exam in mathematics.

Let's start with the official website of FIPI. All new tasks that are going to be included in the USE program appear on this site. And this is the only plus of the official site. There are many more disadvantages: there are no answers, no navigation, all tasks are by different topics, of varying complexity - piled up in a heap, which is almost impossible to understand.

There is a site "I will solve the exam", where you can train and immediately test yourself. You can in test mode see how many points you scored, check the answers and see the options for solutions. This is wonderful. The only thing is that new tasks do not always appear on time.

Of course, we use Larin's website to prepare for the Unified State Exam. Since last year, Alexander Larin became a developer options for the exam... And so his training options will be very valuable for those who pass the exam in mathematics with high scores.

The site / - on which you are located - is practically not only a site, but a print publication, a site-library. Here you can not only solve problems, but also study the necessary theory, and in a condensed form. There is a full course of preparation for the exam in mathematics and problems for all exam topics... There are also complete training courses in other subjects.

In this sense, the site of Inna Feldman is also good. There is a site by Igor Yakovlev for advanced children who want to pass the exam very well or prepare for the Olympiads. This site contains a database of tasks for various Olympiads.
These sites can also be considered teaching aids for preparing for the exam in mathematics.

Hello dear friends and readers! Today is not an ordinary post. This is a post answer. Such a normal and great answer to the most frequent question, which guys always ask me: "What do you recommend reading, what manuals should I use to prepare for the Unified State Exam in history or social studies?"

Let me do this. In the first part of this post, you will read what you want to hear. What you will be told without me. OK? But the second part of the post will be for those guys and their parents who really want high marks on the exam in a few months.

Part one: what you want to hear

• L. Katsva. The history of homeland. A reference book for high school students and those entering universities. Any edition.
  
• A.S. Orlov. History of Russia: textbook. Any edition

• Kotova, Liskova: Social Science. Grade 11. Modular triactive course
  
• Baranov, Shevchenko, Vorontsov: Unified State Exam Social Studies... New complete guide

You also need to stock up on tests, they can be found on well-known sites on the Internet, everyone knows them perfectly. And they are too famous for us to call them here).

If you wanted to hear just such an answer to the question: what manuals and textbooks to use to prepare for the exam, then you can stop reading. The information below is not at all for you. Feel free to take these manuals, read them, solve tests, and God help you!

Second part of the answer to the question: my real answer

It is not worth taking any allowances or buying at all. Here are the reasons:

• There is absolutely no apparatus for reflection in the manual: for example, for independent work.
• The tutorial is dry, it is assumed that you already have an understanding of the basic concepts. In history, these concepts: civilization, the state, the apparatus of power, forms of power, surplus product, natural economy, and other many concepts. The same goes for social studies.
• There are no tests in the tutorials.
• The manual does not explain how to solve tests, what are the principles of their solution. In the collection of tests themselves, at the very beginning, extremely dry information is given with the characteristics of the test itself, there are no principles there at all.

Despite these huge disadvantages, millions of children buy and prepare for these benefits every year. The result is very deplorable, look at the statistics of Rosobrnadzor. From myself, I can say unequivocally: 95% of the guys who read the manuals and prepare for them will never pass the exam in history or society with high scores. Yes, knowledge can improve, but they will not solve the test for a high result. Maximum points for 60 out of 100.

What to do. First, read and . Secondly, if your goal is self-preparation: you do not want to use the services of tutors and third-party services and sites, then the preparation option (really correct and competent) can only be like this.

STEP 1. You buy school textbooks (the latest edition is better): on history - you buy a textbook for each period: for Ancient Rus, for the Middle Ages, for Modern Times, etc. Authors for history: Sakharov, Buganov, Danilin, Kosulina, Rybakov, etc. ... Take textbooks for grades 10 and 11.

STEP 2. For history, take historical Atlases and Contour maps. As for society, it will be necessary to take advantage of the manual in which social science is presented in the form of diagrams.

STEP 3. In both disciplines, you are looking for where you will solve tests. Tests are needed with verification, so that you can check yourself on the answers.

STEP 4. Self-study technique:

History

Take a textbook on the first period of Russian history. You read the chapter, look in parallel in the Atlas. Tell yourself what you understand. Next, look at the forgotten chapter. Read it again. Retelling again. Note that you missed it again. Read the third time, the fourth, until you are able to properly retell what the chapter is about. Then answer the chapter questions at the end of the chapter. Better in writing, so you undermine the skill of formulating thoughts.

Then you read the second chapter, do the same work. Go back to the first chapter a day later, and check yourself what you remember. If you have forgotten everything, re-read it again and proceed as described above.

If you have mastered in this way, for example, the period of Ancient Russia, take the thematic tests of the exam for this period and solve both the first part of the test and the second. The second part will test yourself using the answers in the manual.

Social studies

Take a textbook on the first period of Russian history. You read the chapter, look at the same time write out incomprehensible terms, look for their definitions on the Internet or in a textbook (there is a Glossary at the end). Tell yourself what you understand. Next, look in the chapter on what you forgot, what terms you missed, learn them. Read it again. Retelling again. Note that you missed it again. Read the third time, the fourth, until you are able to properly retell what the chapter is about. Then answer the chapter questions at the end of the chapter. Better in writing, so you undermine the skill of formulating thoughts.

We reached the end of the section, for example, Man and Society, take out a test on this topic passed and decide. You solve both the first and the second part. The second part will test yourself using the answers in the manual.

***

Is everyone capable of such training? No, not everyone. Serious erudition, normal memory, good perseverance and determination are required. Most will fizzle out by the second week of this preparation, or they will have a nervous breakdown. Believe me, I've seen this over the years of working with children (I also worked at school)

What to do?

Modern preparation for the exam for really high scores is unthinkable without the constant support of a competent teacher. Who, when he receives your tests, your questions, will give such recommendations that will clarify the material and the principles of solving the tests.

The trouble is that there are no such courses on the Internet now .. Why? Because in all other courses, you will be offered work in the so-called groups: when the guys are forced into a webinar room, and the teacher is leading such a group lesson. Homework is also checked selectively, or given to the computer. As a result, an individual student is simply lost against the background of the others, and no one EXPLAINS HIS mistakes to HIM.

For our training courses

In our courses, each student's mistakes are explained individually, thanks to our excellent preparation service. The student watches a video lesson. He can view it as many times as he wants, at any time of the day or night, when the student is COMFORTABLE and CONVENIENT. Then the student completes the task. He can ask the teacher any questions directly. And the teacher will promptly give a clear, competent, professional answer.

All assignments are checked by an experienced teacher. Without approval of the assignment, no student will be able to access the next lesson until the assignment is completed at the proper level. How to do this is also explained. Cool?! Yes!