Installation of sowe sirens. Specificity of placement of voice annunciators Minimum sound pressure
Modern systems alerts are complexes of equipment, the correct operation of which allows you to guarantee the timely supply of alarming information and the organization of an effective process for evacuating people. Depending on the characteristics of the object, the warning systems can be quite simple and built using a minimum number of devices, or they can be a complex and multicomponent set of equipment. However, regardless of the complexity and type of SOUE, the installation of sirens is an integral part of any warning system. According to the requirements of SP 3.13130.2009, the installation of sound annunciators is mandatory for, the installation of light annunciators -. And this is quite justified, because fairly simple and budget alarms allow you to effectively convey information about the fire and indicate the nearest escape routes, and therefore save the health and lives of people. There are many more rules for installing fire alarms. , prescribed in the regulatory documentation and mandatory for compliance. All these requirements, as well key features we will consider each type of annunciators further.
Most often, the installation of sound alarms is carried out in structurally simple buildings belonging to the first type of SOUE, or in separate rooms of buildings with an SOUE system of 2-5 types, which do not imply the possibility of permanent residence of people. As a rule, in such cases, there is no need for additional devices and the purpose of the system is reduced to giving a sound signal informing about the need to leave the premises immediately. It is possible to ensure the correct operation of the sound notification only by observing all the rules and current norms for the installation of sound sounders.
Sounder installation standards
1. The sound pressure level at any point in the room should not exceed 120 dBA, but be at least 75 dBA at a distance of 3 m from the siren. With a decrease in the sound level, a person in the building may not hear the alarm signal, while exceeding the norm leads to a deafening effect and creating unnecessary panic during evacuation.
2. The sound level of the warning signal generated at a level of 1.5 m from the floor must exceed the value acceptable level constant noise of at least 15 dBA. This item allows the installation of sounders taking into account the difference in noise pollution various buildings and premises.
3. In rooms intended for sleeping, the sound level is measured at the level of the head of a lying person and must be at least 70 dBA and exceed the constant noise level by 15 dBA.
4. The installation of sounders must be carried out taking into account the uniform distribution of sound over the entire area. Concentration of sound at one point and insufficient sounding of others is unacceptable.
5. Sounders should be mounted exclusively to non-combustible capital structures, because in the event of a fire, combustible walls and ceilings can ignite or collapse together with the sirens installed on them. Naturally, in this case, the operation of the warning system will be disrupted.
6. Installation of sound alarms on the wall should be carried out in such a way that the distance from the top of the device to the ceiling is at least 0.15 m, and to the floor - more than 2.3 m. There is a lot of controversy on this point, because the ceiling level declared at the design stage is not always coincides with the final. And then the question arises - what to do if the ceiling height is less than 2.45 m and it is simply impossible to ensure the required installation height of the sounders? The answer is very simple - to mount the sirens on the ceiling, while ensuring reliable fastening to a non-combustible base (main ceiling).
Light annunciators in one form or another can be seen in almost any building. These can be simple light annunciators, used in conjunction with sound alerts, or various light boards with inscriptions or arrows. Installation of light annunciators "EXIT" is obligatory for all types of SOUE (except for the first one), light signs of the direction of movement - for SOUE types 4 and 5. Also, warning systems often use special displays informing about the launch of gas and powder fire extinguishing installations and the need to urgently leave the room. Naturally, the installation of light indicators does not solve the problem of warning as a whole, however, it allows people to focus on the presence of a threat and effectively organize evacuation, directing everyone to emergency exits.
Standards for the installation of light annunciators
1. The installation height of light annunciators should be at least 2 m. This condition guarantees excellent visibility of the device and minimal risk of damage due to accidental mechanical impact.
2. Installation of the "EXIT" light indicators is carried out directly above the emergency exits leading outside or into the safe area of the building.
3. Installation of light indicators of the direction of movement is mandatory in corridors longer than 50 m (interval up to 25 m), at corridor turns, as well as in all smoke-free staircases. Additional installation sites are determined by the design organization based on the planning solutions of the building and possible evacuation scenarios.
4. During the stay of people in any auditoriums and demonstration halls, the "EXIT" light indicators installed in them must be turned on.
This type of sirens combines the capabilities of light and sound sounders and, as a rule, is used to reduce the number of equipment and cable routes in order to simplify and reduce the cost of the overall system. So, if the noise level in the room exceeds 95 dBA or people in it are in noise-protective equipment, SP 3.13130.2009 regulates the combination of light and sound annunciators. In this case, installation of light and sound annunciators would be most expedient. For small rooms in which it is necessary to combine light and sound notification, the most correct solution would be the installation of light sounder"EXIT" (scoreboard). Thus, it is possible to reduce the number of equipment and cable products, while maintaining all the functionality of the system.
Order sounder installation
All work on the installation of sirens should be carried out exclusively by certified specialists with experience in carrying out such work and all the necessary permits. to our company, you will receive high-quality advice, a calculation of the cost of work and any additional information, and you will also be able to order a high-quality installation and connection of sirens.
The purpose of this article is to acquaint the designers, installers and integrators of warning systems, sound support systems, and loudspeaker communication systems with the basic principles and features of electroacoustic calculation. The main attention in this article is paid to the peculiarities of the placement of voice annunciators (loudspeakers) in closed protected premises.
One of the main tasks solved in the process of electroacoustic calculation performed at the initial stage of designing fire warning systems - SOUE is the task of selecting and placing voice annunciators (hereinafter loudspeakers). Loudspeakers can be installed both in open areas and in closed (protected) rooms. The purpose of this article is to propose and substantiate options for the optimal placement of voice annunciators (hereinafter loudspeakers) in closed (protected) rooms.
In closed rooms, it is recommended to install internal loudspeakers, as they are the most optimal in terms of parameters and quality. Depending on the configuration of the room, these can be ceiling or wall types. The correct placement of the loudspeakers allows you to ensure an even distribution of sound in the room, therefore, to achieve good intelligibility. If we talk about the sound quality, then it will be determined mainly by the quality of the selected speakers. So, for example, when using ceiling loudspeakers, it is necessary to take into account that the sound wave from the loudspeaker propagates perpendicular to the floor, therefore, the sounding area at the height of the listeners' ears is a circle, the radius of which is taken to be equal to the difference in the height of the installation (mounting) of the loudspeaker and the distance to the 1.5 mark. m from the floor (according to regulatory documents). In most tasks for calculating ceiling acoustics, sound waves are identified with geometric rays, while the directional diagram (DP) of the loudspeaker determines the parameters (angles) right triangle, therefore, to calculate the radius of a circle (leg of a triangle), the Pythagorean theorem is sufficient. For uniform sounding of the room, the loudspeakers should be installed so that the resulting areas touch or slightly overlap each other. In the simplest case required amount loudspeakers is obtained from the ratio of the magnitudes of the sounded area to the area sounded by one loudspeaker.
One of the main parameters that must be determined in the calculations is the Spacing of the loudspeaker chain. It will be determined by the size of the room, the height of the loudspeakers and their directivity pattern (ROS).
When placing wall loudspeakers in corridors along one wall, the recommended spacing is:
- excluding wall reflections:
(Spacing, m) = (Width of the corridor, m) x 2
- taking into account reflections from the walls:
(Spacing, m) = (Width of the corridor, m) x 4
When placing wall loudspeakers in rectangular rooms along two walls in a checkerboard pattern, the placement step:
(Spacing, m) = (Width of the room, m) x 2
In the case of opposite placement of wall loudspeakers in rectangular rooms along two walls, the placement step is:
(Spacing, m) = (Half the width of the room, m) x 2
Primary requirements
Here is the main requirement of regulatory documents (ND):
The number of sound and speech (loudspeakers) of fire alarms, their arrangement and power must ensure the sound level in all places of permanent or temporary stay of people in accordance with the norms of this set of rules.
Installation of loudspeakers and other voice annunciators (loudspeakers) in the protected premises should exclude the concentration and uneven distribution of the reflected sound.
Voice alarms (loudspeakers) must be located in such a way that at any point of the protected object, where it is required to alert people about a fire, the intelligibility of the transmitted voice information is ensured.
The design of warning systems is accompanied by the implementation of an electro-acoustic calculation (EAR). The consequence of a competent EAR is optimization - minimizing technical means, improving the quality of perception. The quality of perception, in turn, is characterized by sound comfort for background music and intelligibility for speech messages. The criterion for the correctness of the EA are the requirements of regulatory documents (ND), which can be conditionally divided into:
- requirements for a voice annunciator (loudspeaker);
- requirements for the levels of audio signals;
- requirements for the placement of voice annunciators (loudspeakers).
It should be noted that the ND contains only the necessary (minimum) requirements, while the sufficient (maximum) requirements are ensured by the availability of competent methods, and in their absence - by the literacy and responsibility of the designer.
Loudspeaker requirements
The following requirements are stated in. Sounders should provide a sound pressure level such that:
The SOUE sound signals ensured the overall sound level (the sound level of constant noise together with all signals produced by the sirens) of at least 75 dBA at a distance of 3 m from the siren, but not more than 120 dBA at any point in the protected room.
This clause contains two requirements - the requirement for the minimum and maximum sound pressure.
Minimum sound pressure
The loudspeaker should provide a (minimum) audio signal level at a distance of 1m from the geometric center:
Maximum sound pressure
Let's give the definition of the calculated point:
Design point (RT) - the place of possible (probable) finding of people is the most critical in terms of position and distance from the sound source (loudspeaker). RT is selected on the design plane - (imaginary) plane, drawn parallel to the floor at a height of 1.5 m.
Requirement for audio signal levels
The main requirement for the (necessary) audio signal level is set out in the ND:
Sound signals of the SOUE must ensure a sound level at least 15 dBA higher than the permissible constant noise sound level in the protected room. The sound level measurement should be carried out at a distance of 1.5 m from the floor level.
Placement requirements
The main requirement for the placement of loudspeakers is set out in the ND:
The installation of loudspeakers and other voice annunciators (loudspeakers) in the protected premises should exclude the concentration and uneven distribution of the reflected sound.
Voice annunciators (loudspeakers) must be located in such a way that at any point of the protected object, where it is required to alert people about a fire, the intelligibility of the transmitted voice information is ensured.
Considering the basic characteristics of the loudspeakers
According to , the placement of loudspeakers is part of the organizational measures carried out in the design of the SOUE and called electroacoustic calculation. The most relevant is not just an arrangement, but an optimal arrangement of loudspeakers, which allows minimizing the amount of estimated resources (time) and material resources.
Loudspeaker placement methods are closely related to their design features. The most generalized is the following classification:
- by execution;
- by design features;
- by characteristics;
- by the method of matching with the amplifier.
Consideration of the type and design features of loudspeakers
By design, the loudspeakers can be divided into internal and external. A characteristic feature internal design is IP protection class. For internal loudspeakers, IP-41 is sufficient, for external - at least IP-54. Indoor loudspeakers are used, primarily in order to save money.
Depending on the tasks to be solved, loudspeakers of various structural performance... So, for example, depending on the configuration of the room, ceiling or wall loudspeakers can be used. Horn loudspeakers are used for sounding open areas, due to their characteristics, protection class, high degree of sound directivity, high efficiency.
Specificity of accounting for the main parameters of loudspeakers
To carry out a competent placement of loudspeakers, we need the following characteristics (basic parameters) of the loudspeaker:
Calculating the sound pressure of a loudspeaker
Loudspeaker loudness cannot be measured directly, so in practice it is expressed in terms of sound pressure levels, measured in decibels, dB.
The sound pressure of a loudspeaker is determined both by its sensitivity and by the electrical power supplied to its input:
Loudspeaker sensitivity P 0, dB (loudspeaker sensitivity is sometimes called SPL from the English SPL - Sound Pressure Level) - the sound pressure level measured on the working axis of the loudspeaker at a distance of 1 m from the working center at a frequency of 1 kHz at a power of 1 W.
Loudspeaker power
There are several main types of capacities:
Loudspeaker rated power- electrical power at which the nonlinear distortion of the loudspeaker does not exceed the required values.
Loudspeaker nameplate power- is defined as the highest electrical power at which a loudspeaker can work satisfactorily for a long time on a real sound signal without thermal and mechanical damage.
Sinusoidal power- the maximum sinusoidal power at which the loudspeaker must operate for 1 hour with a real music signal without sustaining physical damage (cf. maximum sinusoidal power).
In general, the value specified by the speaker manufacturer should be used as the power parameter.
Basic calculations
Decrease in sound pressure as a function of distance
To calculate the sound pressure level at the design point, it remains to determine one more important parameter - the magnitude of the decrease in sound pressure depending on the distance - divergence, P 20, dB. Depending on where the loudspeaker is installed, indoor areas or in open areas, different formulas (approaches) are used.
Calculation of the sound pressure level in the RT
Knowing the parameters of the loudspeaker - its sensitivity - P 0, dB, the input sound power P W, W, and the distance to the RT, r, m, we calculate the sound pressure level L 1, dB, developed by it in the RT:
Sound pressure in RT with simultaneous operation of n loudspeakers:
Calculation of effective range
The effective range of the loudspeaker is the distance from the loudspeaker to the point at which the sound pressure does not exceed the value (USH + 15) dB:
The effective range of sound (loudspeaker) D, m, can be calculated:
Working with templates
Let's divide all loudspeakers into three main classes, differing in the direction of emission of sound energy.
Ceiling- loudspeakers, the sound energy of which is directed perpendicular to the calculated plane (floor) [Sound energy is directed along the working axis of the loudspeaker].
Wall mounted- loudspeakers, the sound energy of which is parallel to the calculated plane (floor).
Horn- loudspeakers, the sound energy of which is directed at a certain angle to the calculated plane (floor).
Under templates we will understand the geometric area, which is the projection of the sound field of the loudspeaker on the calculated plane:
- for ceiling loudspeakers - circle;
- for wall - sector;
- for horns - ellipse.
The loudspeaker is a broadband device. For the lower frequency of the normative range f = 200Hz, the loudspeaker can be considered as a sound emitter of a spherical wave. With an increase in the frequency of the loudspeaker DN, it begins to narrow and concentrate inside the ball cone with an opening angle [the angle between the generatrices of the ball cone (in English coverage angle)], determined by the value of the SNR. This representation does not fully correspond to the established practice, according to which the sound field at the output of a loudspeaker is usually approximated by a half-ellipse. In it is shown that for the (average) RRP = 90 0 the quantitative estimates for the cone and ellipse coincide.
Estimation of the effective area, sounded by loudspeakers of various types, can be associated with the problem of finding the area formed by the intersection of a given spherical cone with the working plane. We will use the well-known geometric representation, according to which the result of the intersection of a plane and a cone at different angles is different elliptical surfaces - hyperbola, parabola, ellipse and circle, Fig. 1.
Hyperbola is obtained as a result of the intersection of a cone and a plane intersecting one of its generators.
Parabola is obtained as a result of the intersection of a cone and a plane parallel to one of its generators.
Ellipse is obtained as a result of the intersection of the cone and the plane intersecting both of its generators.
Circle is obtained as a result of the intersection of a cone and a plane parallel to its base.
Definition 1
The effective area sounded by the loudspeaker is the area on the working plane within which the sound pressure remains within the boundaries determined by the directional diagram of the loudspeaker.
We will calculate the effective areas for sound different types loudspeakers.
Speaker placement
The problem of optimal speaker placement can be related to the results obtained in the previous chapter. Let's give a definition:
Definition 2
The placement of the loudspeakers must be carried out in such a way that any potential design point necessarily falls within the limits covered by the radiation pattern of the nearest loudspeaker.
In the previous section, we got three basic geometric shapes [Which in the future we will use as tracing paper (figures) to fill (uniform coverage) of the surface] - a circle, a sector and an ellipse. The task of placing can be reduced to uniform coverage [Cf. the problem of "paving" a surface in mathematics] of the entire work plane.
Reflection accounting
In practice, the placement of loudspeakers is carried out taking into account reflections from surfaces [Accounting for reflections is very relevant. It should be noted that the so-called. direct sound (sound energy received by the listener in the first 50ms) is 80% composed of reflected energy (the so-called primary reflections), and the clarity of perception (which, by the way, like intelligibility is not taken into account in the standards) directly depends on the proportion of direct diffusion energy of an enclosed space. Within the framework of an elementary EAR (see the previous chapter), it is proposed to take into account no more than one reflection (cf.)].
We will take into account the reflections, relying on the geometrical-ray theory, in which the sound energy is identified with a geometrical ray reflected from the surface at the same angle and in the same plane, Fig. 2.
When hitting a surface, some of the sound energy is lost. The share of absorbed sound energy P absor, dB, can be determined knowing the absorption coefficient K of the surface absorbed:
When taking reflections into account, it is necessary to check the following boundary condition, Fig. 2:
If condition (8) is fulfilled, the loudspeaker placement can be carried out taking into account reflections.
Most surfaces such as parquet, laminate, wood, concrete practically do not absorb [So, for example, for wood sheathing at a frequency of 4 kHz, K absorb = 0.11, P absorb = 0.5 dB]. In the following loudspeaker placement examples, we will assume, as an oversimplification, that the sound energy is completely reflected from the surface.
Critical Speaker Spacing
Figure 3 shows that the sound in the RT comes from 2 loudspeakers. Knowing the speed of sound in air v = 340 m / s and the delay time t = 0.05 s, it is easy to obtain the critical distance R cr, m, at which the echo becomes possible: R cr = vt = 340 * 0.05 = 17 m, where v - the speed of sound propagation in air (340m / s).
From Fig. 3, the travel difference should be:
Depending on the directionality of the loudspeakers and their RPS, the spacing can be determined geometrically:
Classification of premises
We will consider two main types of premises:
- corridors;
- rectangular rooms.
By corridors we mean narrow extended rooms with the ratios of length a (m) and width b (m): a / b≥4.
Rooms with a / b ratios
Let's divide the premises into the following groups:
- corridors with low ceilings (height h ≤ 4m);
- corridors with high (h> 4m) ceilings;
- narrow corridors (b ≤ 3m);
- wide corridors (b> 3m and h ≤ 6m);
- medium rectangular rooms (b> 6m and b ≤ 12m);
- volumetric rectangular rooms (b> 12m).
A comment:
To determine the numerical value of the proposed coefficients (b, h), the averaged value of the effective sounding range D (m) was used, which for P dB = 95 dB, USH = 60 dB, will be ~ 10 m and ШДН = 90 0.
How you place your speakers with or without reflections is determined by two factors:
- the height of the ceilings (with high ceilings, the reflection effect can be ignored);
- type of reflective surface.
Corridors with low or high ceilings
The concept of “low / high” ceilings will be considered in relation to the placement of ceiling speakers.
When placing loudspeakers on low ceilings, it is advisable to consider floor reflections as well. In this case, the following criterion is used to determine the numerical value of the loudspeaker pitch:
The sound energy emitted by the ceiling loudspeaker should ‘finish’ to the floor and, reflecting from it, to ‘the target plane’.
When placing loudspeakers on high ceilings, floor reflections can be ignored or criterion (8) must be checked.
Narrow or wide corridors
The concept of "narrow / wide" corridors will be considered in relation to the placement of both ceiling and wall loudspeakers. In both cases, we will have to account for reflections from the floor or walls.
For wall-mounted speakers
To determine the numerical value of the pitch of the placement of wall loudspeakers in the case of taking into account reflections, we will use the following criterion:
The sound energy emitted by a wall-mounted loudspeaker must “finish off” to the opposite wall and, reflecting from it, to the wall on which the loudspeaker is installed.
When placing loudspeakers in wide corridors, reflections from walls can be ignored or criterion (8) must be checked.
For ceiling loudspeakers
To clarify the meaning of narrow / wide corridors in the case of ceiling loudspeakers, consider the concept of a loudspeaker chain.
Figure 4 shows a wide corridor with two strings of ceiling loudspeakers.
The number of chains, K c, pcs, will be determined from the ratio:
Consider examples of speaker placement for different types premises (cases) and the conditions for determining the step of the arrangement W, m.
Ceiling speaker placement
Placement of ceiling loudspeakers in corridors with high ceilings without considering floor reflections
The placement of ceiling loudspeakers in corridors with high ceilings without taking into account reflections [As noted above, due to the height of the ceilings or the presence of reflective surfaces] from the floor, should be carried out in increments, Fig. 5:
With ROS = 90 0, R = h – 1.5:
Check condition 1
The loudspeaker, taking into account the SRN, should finish off to the working plane.
With RIS = 90 0:
Placement of ceiling loudspeakers in corridors with low ceilings taking into account floor reflections
The placement of ceiling loudspeakers in corridors with low (less than 4m) ceilings can be carried out taking into account reflections (from the floor) with a step, Fig. 6:
Arrangement of wall loudspeakers placed along one wall, excluding reflections
The placement of wall loudspeakers in (wide, over ~ 3 m) corridors, with placement along one wall, without taking into account reflections, should be carried out with a step of W = 2R:
where ШК is the width of the corridor, Fig. 7.
At ШДН = 90 °, R = ШК we have W = 2ShK.
Check Condition 3
Effective range, for arbitrary SNR:
For ШДН = 90 °:
Let us write down the criterion for determining the effective range, taking into account the height of the loudspeaker installation, H, m. For an arbitrary SNR:
Arrangement of wall loudspeakers placed along one wall, taking into account reflections
The placement of wall loudspeakers in (narrow, up to ~ 3 m) corridors, with placement along one wall, taking into account reflections, is permissible with a step Ш = 4R, where R is calculated by the formula (16), Fig. 8.
With ШДН = 90 °, R = ШК, we have Ш = 4ШК.
Check condition 4
The loudspeaker, taking into account the ШДН, should finish twice to the opposite wall, taking into account the ШДН.
Effective range, for arbitrary SNR:
For ROS = 90 °, excluding absorption:
With regard to the installation height, see formula (18).
Arrangement of wall loudspeakers in rectangular rooms, staggered along two opposite walls
The placement of wall loudspeakers in medium rectangular rooms, with the possibility of placement along two opposite walls, is desirable to be carried out in a checkerboard pattern with a step Ш = 2R:
where b is the width of the room, Fig. 9.
With WDN = 90 °, R = b, we have W = 2b.
Check Condition 5
The loudspeaker, taking into account the SNP, should finish off the opposite wall.
Effective range, for arbitrary SNR:
For ШДН = 90 °:
Arrangement of wall loudspeakers in rectangular rooms, with placement along two opposite walls
Wall loudspeakers in rectangular rooms of a large area can be placed on opposite walls, in any order with a step determined by half the distance to the opposite wall, b / 2 (m) W = 2R.
Where b is the width of the room, Fig. 10.
With WDN = 90 °, R = b, we have W = b.
Check Condition 6
The loudspeaker, taking into account the SNP, should punch half the distance to the opposite wall, Fig. 10.
Effective range, for arbitrary SNR:
For ШДН = 90 °:
Accounting for the installation height is carried out similarly to formula (18).
Placement of loudspeakers in complex rooms
Arrangement of loudspeakers in rooms with complex configurations is carried out as follows. The sounding (projected) room is analyzed, divided into separate sections, for each of which an appropriate placement scheme is selected, from the above. The main task, in this case, is reduced to the optimal joining of individual sections.
Literature
- Code of rules SP-3-13130-2009 of 2009 "Fire safety requirements for sound and voice notification and management of evacuation of people."
- Kochnov O.V. “Features of the design of warning systems” (Moore, publishing house Kovalgin, 2012).
- Kochnov O.V. "Design of warning systems" (Tver 2016, Volume 1).
Sounder sounder(roar for current up to 0.2 A and voltage 12 Volts) and light annunciator(LED lamp for current up to 0.2 A and voltage 12 Volt) are connected directly to the alarm device. Let's consider the connection using the example of a light and sound (combined) siren LIGHTHOUSE-12-KP... The sound and light annunciator control channels work independently of each other.
At the factory settings of the system sounder when an alarm is triggered in ZONES 1 ... 4, it is switched on for 1 minute, when the system is armed or disarmed, a short sound signal is issued. RELAY 1 is used in the system to control the sounder, RELAY 2 to control the light sounder. If the system does not provide for the connection of a sound or light annunciator, then RELAY 1 and RELAY 2 can be reprogrammed to solve other problems.
Change control parameters the sounder can be done via the "Eritea Micra 3" configuration program:
Connecting an outdoor sounder to the Eritea Mikra 2M and Eritea Mikra 3 alarms
Consider the connection diagram of a street siren Ademco 702 to the alarms Eritea Mikra 3 and Eritea Mikra 2M. The current consumption of the siren is large enough, therefore, we connect this siren through the built-in RELAY 3 signaling to an external backup battery. When RELAY 3 is triggered (set the relay response time to 3 - 20 seconds, so that when the siren is turned on, it does not completely discharge the battery), the Ademco 702 siren is switched on and operates from a backup battery. Connection diagrams:
Go to tab 17 (RELAY 3) and configure the operation of RELAY 3 in the "ROAR" mode (the parameter is circled in red), set the on time (the parameter is circled in green) and the number of the zone, when triggered in the "ARMED" mode, the siren will be activated (the parameter is circled in blue, in this example the siren will be activated when an alarm occurs in ZONE 1).
Remote setting of the sounder control parameters
If necessary, you can remotely correct the control parameters of the sounder by sending an SMS message to the SIM card number of the device in the following format:
# RN = 2, p1p0, m1m0-s1s0, d, bip, s
- N- number of the relay (1-6) that controls the siren (according to factory settings -1);
- p1p0- pause before turning on the howler (from 00 - 59 sec, two-digit number, for example, seven seconds: 07);
- m1m0-s1s0- operating time of the howler (minutes-seconds, for example, one minute: 01-00);
- d- "DELICATE ROAR" mode is disabled (parameter = 0), or enabled (parameter = 1);
- bip- parameter "Short-term power supply on arming and disarming", mode is disabled (parameter = 0) or mode is enabled (parameter = 1);
- s- parameter "Turn on howler on alarm by":
- 0 - howler is disabled;
- 1 - in ZONE 1;
- 2 - in ZONE 2-4;
- 3 - in ZONE 1-4.
Example... It is required to set the following parameters of the sounder (siren) operation remotely:
- the siren is connected to RELAY 1;
- pause before turning on - 3 seconds;
- operating time of the siren - 1 minute 12 seconds;
- the "DELICATE ROAR" mode is off;
- parameter "Short-term BPS on arming and disarming" is enabled;
- parameter "Turn on howler on alarm by" - ZONE 1-4
# R1 = 2.03.01-12.0.1.3
Write the command without spaces in the form of an SMS text message on the phone and send the message to the device's SIM card number.
The first light, sound annunciators in fire alarm systems, burglar alarm were applied separately. Associated with the low development of electronic technology and previous legislation.
Now, in an effort to convey the alarming message to everyone, regardless of their physical characteristics, they began to use a combined light and sound annunciator. They are positioned so that the area of effect covers the entire control area.
Advantages and disadvantages of light and sound alarm
In public places, sound and light alarms are installed to notify about fire and other emergencies. This is necessary to reliably draw people's attention to the incident.
When combining the siren in one device, the device becomes cheaper, one housing is required instead of two.
If using wireless devices, then the savings are greater, one battery is required. In addition, less materials (cable, fasteners), labor costs for installation work are used.
The advantage is that do-it-yourself light and sound alarms are very easy to do. It is enough to use a light and sound detector together with an autonomous motion sensor.
The result is a simple, cheap alarm system that will scare off intruders with light and sound, notify the guards about unauthorized entry into the facility.
Simplicity is good within a small object. When providing security for large buildings, such a system is unsuitable; multi-zone security complexes with precise definition the scene of the incident.
Application area
Light and sound alarm is an integral part of any security system. In accordance with the law, all premises are equipped with fire detectors and warning devices.
Shopping, entertainment centers, sports facilities, office buildings, museums, theaters have alarm systems, fire fighting devices. No school or hospital goes into operation without a fire alert.
When servicing large buildings with a huge number of rooms, in addition to all kinds of sensors, devices are required to notify a person about an emergency. The most dangerous fire is on the ship.
Therefore, all sea and river vessels are also equipped with light and sound warning and fire fighting systems.
Mining, chemical, oil refineries must install light and sound alarms.
The principle of operation of the light and sound detector
The essence of the light and sound annunciator is to create a sound of a certain tone and volume, which warns others about a fire or unauthorized access to the protected area. As an additional element, a light detector is used, which duplicates the siren with bright flashes.
The device turns on simple connection to the supply voltage through an electronic or relay key opened from the control panel.
When using an addressable device, the siren and light flashes are triggered by the control unit of the siren on command from the central console via cable or radio channel.
Design
Depending on the place of installation of the device, the detectors are wall-mounted or ceiling-mounted, indoor or outdoor. The body shape is usually rectangular or round.
Super bright LEDs or lamps are used as light sources. The sound signaling device is made on the basis of a piezoelectric transducer or an electrodynamic device.
The body is made of metal, polycarbonate or other plastic, depending on the operating conditions.
A special unauthorized access contact is provided for protection against opening. Holes are provided for attaching and inserting power and control cables.
Features of mounting a sound detector
The installation of the siren depends on its type, place of installation, type of enclosure. If a wireless device is used, then it is enough to fix the base of the device, and the rest of the elements will be located on the board under the cover.
With a wired power and control scheme, the cables will have to be routed in ducts or externally. For outdoor installation, it is better to use corrugated metal pipes.
To protect against atmospheric precipitation, sirens should be placed under a canopy. In large rooms, the devices are positioned in such a way as to ensure visibility and audibility in all areas.
TOP-5 models of sound detectors
System Sensor is a world leader among manufacturers of devices for security and fire alarm.
Its products are of high quality and reliability, awarded with many prizes, produced at factories in eight countries of the world, including Russia.
Combined (light and sound) devices CWSS-RB-W7 among the annunciators produced by the company have an optimal price / quality ratio.
The device is powered by direct current with a voltage of 12 to 29 volts. The siren creates an acoustic pressure of up to 109 dB.
Wide directivity pattern of the light emitter, excellent optics allow the device to be installed in any position, regardless of the spatial orientation.
The device provides 32 tones and a red flash.
Has a degree of protection of the case IP65, which allows outdoor use at temperatures of -25 +70 ⁰С, air humidity up to 96%.
The company "Electrotechnics and Automation" produces a whole line of light, sound and combined annunciators. The model "Mayak-12-K" is popular.
This is an all-weather device operating at temperatures of -50 +55 ⁰С.
The siren generates an acoustic pressure of 105 dB, consumes 20 mA, as does the light unit.
The device is made in a metal case 2 cm thick.
Wall mounted, in case outdoor installation it is necessary to provide a visor to protect against direct rainfall.
It is powered by direct current with a voltage of 12 V, there is a modification for 24 V. The device has a 1 year warranty, a low price, and is in demand.
Light and sound alarm 220 V "Biya-S" is produced by the company "Spetsavtomatika".
The device generates an acoustic pressure of 85 dB and can operate in alarm mode for up to 24 hours. Powered by an alternating voltage of 220 volts 50 Hz.
The role of the light emitter is performed by a 25 W electric lamp. An electrodynamic unit acts as a sound annunciator, it operates at temperatures of -40 +50 ⁰С, air humidity up to 98%.
The manufacturer gives a 2.5 year warranty. The service life is 10 years. Opening protection is provided.
The company "Spetspribor" produces light and sound alarms in an explosion-proof housing. They are used in mines, chemical plants and other enterprises of a similar level of danger.
The devices have a metal case in IP67 design and a siren with a sound pressure of 105 dB. Powered by 12 or 24 volts DC.
The combined siren VS-07e-I 12-24 of the "Eridan" company is designed to work in the chemical, oil and gas and oil refining industries. The acoustic emitter produces 100 dB, powered by 12/24 volts.
The case is made of aluminum, the cables are enclosed in metal corrugated pipes... Operated at temperatures of -55 +70 ⁰С.
Conclusion
Fans of making alarms with their own hands should take into account when searching and buying on the Internet that a siren and a surface sound detector, for example, Arfa IO 329-3, are fundamentally different devices.
The first informs people about the fire, violation of the security regime, after the discovery of the second fact of this incident.
The audible burglar detector is a glass break detector, and the output light annunciator is a panel with a corresponding label and illumination.
In order not to get confused, be sure to read specifications before ordering equipment.
Video: Light and light and sound fire alarm
Timely informing about a fire that has begun helps to effectively evacuate people and start operational measures to eliminate the fire source. This is especially true for structures inside which a significant number of people live or work. For these purposes, sounders are used.
One of the types of such equipment is a light and sound annunciator, where light and sound are used to transmit an alarm signal. With its help are equipped fire and security systems responsible for the prompt evacuation of people in the event of a threat to their lives.
Main functions of the device
A light and sound annunciator is understood as a complex electronic device that simultaneously sends visual and audible alarm signals. Almost all modern security and fire alarm systems are equipped with such devices, which are responsible for the prompt evacuation of people when the first signs of danger appear.
Sounders are usually installed at the following sites:
- educational and medical institutions;
- retail outlets and entertainment centers;
- public catering facilities;
- hotels;
- industrial buildings and structures.
The advantage of light and sound signaling is the use of a duplicated signal for warning about the danger. This allows you to attract as much attention as possible when there is strong smoke or when the building is very noisy.
Devices are often housed in an explosion-proof enclosure, which contributes to their trouble-free operation in fire conditions. There are intrinsically safe models designed for installation in hazardous locations, and devices in conventional design.
Design features
To signal a danger in the light and sound annunciators, red and yellow lights are used, in addition, blue and green colors can be provided. The glow can be both flashing and constant. The sound mode and the nature of the sound signal may also vary depending on the model of the device.
A modern light and sound annunciator consists of several modules:
- a high-strength metal shell capable of resisting aggressive influences;
- a panel made of reinforced glass for light information with the inscriptions "exit", "powder leave", "I do not enter" and others (there may not be any inscriptions);
- a source of pulsating sound signals with a certain sound spectrum and a sound level of at least 85 dB;
- special connectors that make it possible to switch the system wiring.
The design of the light and sound annunciator is thought out in such a way that it could continue to work in the mode of extreme and aggressive influences. To prevent unauthorized opening, the device is equipped with a special access contact. There are special mounting holes and openings for supply and control cables.
Installation
Due to the extensive coverage area of the notification, light and sound equipment is most often mounted on walls and other structures of premises. This allows you to achieve the greatest visual and acoustic coverage of the surrounding area.
It is important to do everything possible so that there are no obstacles in the directions of the sound waves, and the human eye can clearly perceive the inscriptions on the scoreboard or light indication in conditions of both natural and artificial lighting.
The specifics of installation of light and sound signaling equipment are influenced by its type, place of application and type of housing.
Wireless devices are more convenient in this regard: their installation includes a simple fastening of the base, while other parts are located on the board under the cover. If the siren is powered by a cable, then special channels will have to be used to lay it. If the alarm is installed in outdoor conditions, it is recommended to place the wiring inside corrugated metal pipes... To prevent the operation of the device from being affected by precipitation, protective visors are used.
Popular models
On sale light and sound explosion-proof annunciators are presented in a wide range. Considering the fact that human life directly depends on their work, it is better to give preference to proven models, with an optimal price / quality ratio. The higher the protective properties of the case, the wider the capabilities of the device, the higher its price, which can reach 8-10 thousand rubles.
Mayak-12-KP
The purpose of this combined fire and security device is to alert people of the danger that has arisen by means of sound and light signals.
Installation and maintenance activities may only be carried out with appropriate experience.
This light and sound siren is not intended for use in hazardous areas. When installing, it is important to ensure reliable protection equipment from climatic and atmospheric influences.
Mayak-12-KP has a sound pressure level of 105 dB. The disadvantages of the device are the inability to change the volume level. In cases where the signal strength is not enough, it can be amplified by means of a howler. The body is made of steel. The siren is compact and modern design... The equipment is allowed to be operated in temperature conditions from -30 to +55 degrees.
Lightning-12-3
This annunciator looks like a sign with the words "Exit" on a red or green background. The convenience of this device lies in its ability not only to signal the start of a fire, but also to indicate the direction of evacuation. The volume of the audio signal is set at 100 dB.
The collapsible scheme makes it possible to install any inscription on the board. For the manufacture of the case, polycarbonate is used with a transparent insert in front of acrylic glass.
Serviceability of the light and sound annunciator "Lightning-12-3" is guaranteed at temperatures from -30 to +55 degrees. For ease of installation, the body of the device is provided with special holes. This allows surface-mounted installation to be carried out on a wall surface. The light source is an LED-type ruler that illuminates the display in a volumetric scale.
For the operation of the device, a 12 or 24 V DC source is required.
The siren has a special terminal block for switching with external sources.
Visual and light notification can work in parallel or separately, the operating mode of the device is set depending on the operating conditions.
Biya-S
The light and sound type of the Biya brand provides an acoustic pressure level of 85 dB, and is capable of continuously sending alarm signals throughout the day.
For power supply, an alternating voltage of 220 V and 50 Hz is used, light signals are sent by a 25 W electric lamp. Sound notification is provided by an electrodynamic circuit operating at temperatures from -40 to +50 degrees and air humidity up to 98%.
