Organizational structure of the motorized rifle squad. Standalone Groups Validity
The structure of the "light" motorized rifle company.
Scheme provided by the author
IN modern world The armed forces (primarily in the form of motorized rifle units) are more likely to encounter local and short-lived hostilities than full-scale wars and battles. Therefore, close attention should be paid to lower-level units, on whose training and equipment the course of armed confrontation increasingly depends.
MOTOR RIFLE SECTION
The structure of the modern Russian motorized rifle squad differs little from the structure of the Soviet motorized rifle squad, which was optimized for trench warfare and infantry chain attacks supported by infantry fighting vehicles. In modern warfare, we see neither lines of trenches "from sea to sea" nor massive attacks by infantry chains. According to the experience of operations in Chechnya, the motorized rifle squad turned out to be too large for the coordinated actions of the infantry in battle. Both Russian special forces and irregular formations of bandits operated in more mobile and better coordinated groups: in pairs, threes, fours, fives, and the infantry often acted without the support of armored vehicles. It is characteristic that the branches of many foreign armies are divided into units of up to five people. All this speaks in favor of reducing the size of the squad to five people and excluding armored vehicles from its composition.
According to the experience of local wars, the optimal composition of a small group is as follows: a sniper, a machine gunner (with a single machine gun), two submachine gunners, a grenade launcher (with a reusable RPG).
It is advisable to additionally equip each machine gunner with either an underbarrel grenade launcher or a one-time RPG. Such a squad is universal: depending on the tactical situation, the main character will be either a sniper, or a grenade launcher, or a machine gunner, while other members of the group will provide him with fire cover and target designation. The number of only five people will provide the department with high mobility and coordination of actions.
The apparent disadvantage of this structure is the lack of a maneuver group, however, the maneuver can be carried out by entire squads in a platoon without the need to divide the squad. It will be objected to me that a grenade launcher and a machine gun will not allow the squad to maneuver effectively, however: a) the effectiveness of the maneuver depends not so much on speed as on surprise; b) in real combat conditions, it is not known which group will need to maneuver in the next minute, and which one will need to suppress the enemy with machine-gun fire and where a grenade launcher and a sniper will be needed; c) a pair of machine gunners can act as a maneuvering group, which will be more mobile than a group of three people.
As for the underbarrel grenade launcher, it is still not effective enough due to the low accuracy of fire and low rate of fire. Therefore, it would be necessary to replace the machine gun with an underbarrel grenade launcher with a hand-held multiply charged anti-personnel grenade launcher. The need for such weapons was keenly felt in the troops who led fighting in Chechnya in the conditions of settlements. There were even attempts to use the AGS as a hand weapon.
A hand-held multi-shot grenade launcher is successfully used by the US Marine Corps, where every flight commander is armed with it. Such weapons will fill the unoccupied niche of infantry fire support in cases where it is difficult to use heavy grenade launchers; ideal for highly mobile combat operations in urban and mountainous areas. The use of cumulative grenades expands the possibilities in the fight against lightly armored vehicles.
In recent decades, the development of weapons of this class, as well as combined systems, has become increasingly widespread. Among the most interesting developments we can name manual automatic grenade launchers RG-1, TKB-0249 Arbalet (Russia), QLB-06 / QLZ-87 (PRC), SAG-30 (Czech Republic), PAW-20 (South Africa) and a number of others. The history of the creation of the Chinese QLB-06 self-loading infantry grenade launcher, which is assembled on the basis of the QLZ-87 AGS, is characteristic. To ensure increased maneuverability in the new model, the designers completely abandoned the machine. It is advisable to have not only high-explosive fragmentation, but also thermobaric, cumulative and grapeshot ammunition for this type of weapon.
The machine gunner, of course, must be armed with a single machine gun (PKM class). A light machine gun (RPK class) cannot maintain a high rate of fire for a long time, which means it will not be able to cover the squad maneuver with fire. The machine gun should be equipped with an optical sight, which will significantly increase the range of effective fire.
The sniper of the motorized rifle squad, of course, should not be armed in the same way as the "long-range" snipers, but with a compact sniper rifle with silent shooting equipment. Such a sniper will be indispensable in organizing ambushes and raids, in urban combat.
It is not advisable to refuse a reusable anti-tank grenade launcher in terms of firing accuracy and the load carried when in large numbers shots (especially when tandem cumulative or heavy thermobaric charges are needed). Therefore, the main purpose of a reusable RPG is to fight tanks and defeat the enemy in strong shelters. Disposable grenade launchers are designed primarily to destroy light and unarmored vehicles, enemy manpower located openly and in light shelters.
MOTOR RIFLE PLATOON
Based on the experience of both regular army special forces and illegal armed formations, infantry groups of 15-20 people are created for independent actions. It is desirable that such a group be placed as a landing force in two BMPs, since it is the actions of combat vehicles in pairs that have proven to be most effective in modern wars. Thus, the capacity of the troop compartment of a promising infantry fighting vehicle should be 8–10 people (preferably 10), and it is advisable to include two or three (depending on the capacity of the infantry fighting vehicle) rifle squads in a platoon. In addition to rifle squads, the platoon structure requires: a platoon commander, a full-time artillery spotter and a portable ATGM squad.
For effective fight with enemy armored vehicles, the effective range of a grenade launcher is often insufficient, and there may be no support for own armored vehicles. Therefore, the platoon commander needs an anti-tank reserve in the form of anti-tank systems in the infantry (rifle) group of the platoon. In addition, anti-tank systems can be used to destroy shelters from distances inaccessible to grenade launchers, playing the role of "hand artillery". In the US and German armies, an ATGM operator is part of each motorized rifle squad. The armies of less wealthy countries (for example, China and Iran) often compensate for the lack of anti-tank systems with the number of grenade launchers: two grenade launchers in the squad, but this is obviously a temporary measure. Requirements for a promising platoon ATGM: there must be the possibility of firing from the premises (it is reasonable to present the same requirement for a promising anti-tank grenade launcher), as well as the possibility of being used by one person (without mounting on a tripod). It is advisable to equip an ATGM squad with one or two ATGMs with a squad size of three people (a squad leader and two ATGM operators).
The artillery spotter must be included in the platoon on a full-time basis, since artillery and infantry must operate in close cooperation, and the majority of combined arms officers do not have sufficient knowledge for correct correction. There may simply not be time to assign spotters to platoons in a combat situation. According to the concepts of "network-centric wars", it is not so important that the elements of reconnaissance and destruction enter the same regular structures - the main thing is that they are part of the same information network. However, such a structure should not relieve artillery commanders of responsibility for the combat training of spotters. Thus, a distributed network of spotters will be formed, which is very resistant to the failure of individual elements. The spotter must be able to correct the fire not only of artillery, but also of tanks and infantry fighting vehicles.
It is advisable to include an armored group (two infantry fighting vehicles) into the composition of not a rifle, but an armored platoon. In a future war, most likely, infantry fighting vehicles will operate not in rifle chains, but in battle formations of tanks created on the same base, therefore it is advisable not to associate infantry fighting vehicles with infantry platoons, but to include them in regular armored platoons consisting of tanks and infantry fighting vehicles.
At the platoon level, it is impractical to have a full-time radio operator. Firstly, the platoon commander is in combat formations and the constant presence of a radio operator nearby is an unmasking factor that makes it easier for enemy snipers to work. Secondly, the commander will be tempted to dump all the work with the ACCS terminal on his radio operator, which will lead to the appearance of an "intermediary" and reduce the efficiency of the system. For relaying, radio stations on armored vehicles will be mainly used, and it would be wrong to use a platoon radio operator as a repeater. If it is necessary to act in isolation from armored vehicles, it is advisable to attach a radio operator from a battalion communications unit.
In modern warfare, success increasingly depends not so much on the characteristics of weapons, but on the equipment and equipment of each soldier and small units. In addition to a flask, a first aid kit, a spatula and a Swiss knife (it is strange that such a useful item did not become a standard item), it is necessary to include a night vision device, a night or thermal imaging sight in the arsenal of a fighter. Although the cost of equipping these means is very high, it is still not comparable with the cost of equipping the same unit with modern armored vehicles, but the result will be comparable, and for city, forest or mountain conditions, night vision devices are often more important than armored vehicles.
Commanders from the squad and above, as well as artillery spotters, should also be provided with a map, radio station and binoculars-range finder-target designator with built-in GPS / GLONASS navigation device. The target designator should be integrated into the ACS and provide automated output of coordinates for the artillery control system, as well as laser target illumination. Platoon commanders and above, as well as artillery spotters, must be equipped with ACCS terminals with an integrated GPS / GLONASS navigator.
One of the main functions of the field uniform is protection from the weather, taking into account the long-term inability to change clothes, therefore, as a field uniform, not cotton suits are needed, but more comfortable overalls made of wind- and moisture-proof fabric. Such overalls should be in summer and winter options with an appropriate indelible camouflage color. The uniform must include a knitted hat, winter and summer (without fingers) gloves, a sweater, warm socks and underwear. Obsolete raincoats must be replaced with modern raincoats. It is necessary to reconsider the frequency of updating some items. So, boots with high berets must be issued to a soldier annually, given their wear and tear during active use. Considering that there are severe frosts in Russia, it is reasonable to give out insulated boots (once every two years). Modern supply standards, in which "berets" are issued every three years, but literally overwhelmed with ties and everyday shoes, are designed only for parade garrisons.
In addition, each infantry fighting vehicle must carry:
- five ammunition sets for infantry weapons, bulletproof vests;
- spare clothes, sleeping bags, tents and awnings;
- dry rations for five days and a supply of drinking water for two days (in plastic canisters);
- chainsaw, axes, hammer, sledgehammer, nails and carpenter's staples;
- large sapper shovels, pickaxe, crowbar, soil bags;
- LED electric lights, nylon cord (at least 200 m).
The experience of combat operations shows the inadequacy of the standard norms for portable (portable) ammunition stocks, hence the requirement to transport five ammunition in an infantry fighting vehicle. It may not be entirely correct to load infantry fighting vehicles, but it is even more wrong to overload infantry or leave them without ammunition. Chainsaws, axes, shovels, string and other tools are needed for setting up a field camp, building field fortifications, camouflage, and for other purposes. Sleeping bags, spare clothing are necessary to ensure acceptable living conditions for personnel in the field.
Thus, it is advisable to include in the platoon: three rifle squads (five people each), an ATGM squad (three people with one or two portable ATGMs), a platoon commander and a full-time artillery spotter.
MOTOR RIFLE COMPANY
Today, the issue of revising the role of tanks in combat and their place in the battle formations of formations, units and subunits is being considered more and more often. Tanks are increasingly turning from an operational tool into a tactical one. Further development of anti-tank weapons will require more and more protection of the tank from the infantry. The tank is transformed from a "shock fist", which independently punches its own way, into a self-propelled gun, following the infantry and moving forward only for attacks in open areas.
They are considering the possibility of including tanks in the composition of motorized rifle battalions (in the US and German armies, battalions already have a mixed composition). However, the battalion commander is too busy coordinating the actions of motorized infantry companies with regular and attached artillery and other units. A tank gun is designed for direct fire, so target designation by the infantry could be very effective if the infantry and tanks were better coordinated. At the same time, motorized infantry, even in local wars, needs constant support from tanks. The US Army is already working on the concept of a "heavy company", which includes both tanks and motorized infantry on infantry fighting vehicles - they are supposed to be used in single battle formations with tanks. All this points to the need to include tank platoons in motorized rifle companies.
According to the experience of the Israel Defense Forces - and its experience in the use of tanks in local wars is huge - for effective fire control and self-defense against anti-tank weapons, tanks must be used in twos, that is, in pairs. This is due to the need to operate in the city and other areas, excluding visual control over the actions of tank companies and even platoons. Since tank pairs must be well coordinated, it is necessary to make them regular platoons. In the Israeli army, for example, the issue of switching to a structure with two tanks in a platoon is already being considered. However, according to the experience of wars with the widespread use of infantry fighting vehicles, mixed pairs of armored vehicles (tank and infantry fighting vehicles) are expedient. The disadvantages of such tactics could be eliminated under the condition of better protection of the BMP and its unification with the tank. Therefore, armored platoons of mixed composition (two tanks and two infantry fighting vehicles) should be included in a motorized rifle company.
Since it may be necessary to simultaneously support three motorized rifle (infantry) platoons with armored vehicles, three armored platoons must be included in the company. One of them may be the "personal" armored platoon of the company commander. Consequently, it is expedient to include three armored platoons (two tanks and two infantry fighting vehicles each) and three motorized rifle platoons (20 infantry men each) into the company.
The tactics of such a company may be as follows:
- in dangerous terrain (city, forest, mountains), armored vehicles are kept in shelters 200–500 m behind the infantry;
- receiving target designations from the infantry, armored vehicles under its cover covertly advance to convenient positions and fire for no more than one or two minutes, after which they retreat back to shelters (as a rule, in reverse at the maximum possible speed);
- in open areas, tanks and infantry fighting vehicles (with infantry on board) attack in single combat formations until they reach rough terrain, after which the infantry dismounts and comes forward, covering armored vehicles.
Crossing open terrain will require the greatest organizational effort from the company commander. When operating in closed areas, coordination will most likely occur at the platoon level. In the second case, armored platoons can be attached to motorized rifle platoons and even divided for operations in mixed pairs (tank and infantry fighting vehicles). The tactics of using a company can be both tank and motorized infantry, which will increase its readiness for combat in any conditions.
Of course, all models of armored vehicles of a motorized rifle company (and battalion) must be developed on a single base. Thus, for each type of motorized rifle battalion, a set of samples of armored vehicles should be created on the appropriate base (heavy tracked, light tracked or light wheeled).
In a “light” company, in order to compensate for the lack of tanks and infantry fighting vehicles, instead of armored platoons, there should be at least three fire support platoons: anti-tank (ATGM), mortar and grenade-machine-gun. The approximate composition of the heavy weapons of these platoons: three portable mortars, three AGS, two heavy machine guns, four heavy-class portable anti-tank systems (for example, Kornet-E). Such "weighting" and "approach" of support means to the infantry fully corresponds to the tendencies of local wars. Armored vehicles of light companies should be included in fire platoons. Firstly, it will provide maneuverability to fire weapons. Secondly, light equipment and fire weapons will form the second echelons of combat formations of motorized rifle companies, which requires their unified command and control. The design of armored vehicles should allow the installation of portable mortars in the troop compartment for aimed fire through a hatch or a drop-down roof.
In “light” companies, the main task of armored vehicles will only be to deliver infantry to the combat area, therefore the requirements for it are minimal: anti-personnel weapons (machine gun and automatic grenade launcher), the maximum protection of the crew and landing force from portable weapons, mines and land mines for this class. Such armored vehicles are by no means intended for action in an infantry chain, and even more so for independent action without infantry support. At best, it can provide fire support by advancing for one or two minutes to a temporary firing position no less than 100 m behind the infantry. The most suitable classes of equipment for "light battalions" are armored vehicles and wheeled armored personnel carriers (for operations in settlements and areas with a developed road network) and lightly armored tracked armored personnel carriers-tractors (mainly for marshy and wooded and other difficult and sparsely populated areas). The light armor of vehicles of these classes would provide protection to the infantry in outpost operations, reconnaissance operations and the fight against sabotage groups.
ROLE AND PLACE OF ARMORED VEHICLES
Heavy vehicles must be sufficiently protected so that infantry can attack while in armored vehicles, dismounting only when they reach city blocks and other terrain dangerous for armored vehicles. Intermediate classes of vehicles (like the BMPs currently in service) are, in fact, neither fish nor fowl: too expensive to simply transport infantry out of combat, but too weakly protected for attacking with infantry on board and supporting tanks. The very concept of the BMP, which puts mobility first, then firepower, and only then protection, is unnatural. After all, the BMP was not intended for independent actions, but to support tanks. Such a machine would be needed in reconnaissance and outposts, but not in an attack.
Infantry must attack under armor cover. Thus, the main requirement for an infantry fighting vehicle is security, perhaps even better than that of a tank, and it is no coincidence that the American army is working on the creation of a new infantry fighting vehicle on a tank base to replace the not very successful Bradly infantry fighting vehicle. Do not forget about the mine danger, and anti-personnel fragmentation mines, especially jumping mines, can stop or simply break an infantry attack for a long time. What then to say about the new cluster mines, equipped with a variety of sensors.
In the presence of tanks in the composition of a motorized rifle company, it is not advisable to install an anti-tank gun on an infantry fighting vehicle, since it is not effective enough to fight tanks. Rejection of the gun large caliber will allow to strengthen other weapons of the BMP.
In order to effectively destroy enemy manpower, the BMP turret should be equipped with: an automatic grenade launcher of 50–60 mm caliber and two automatic guns of 30 mm caliber. It is no coincidence that in local wars 20-30-mm automatic guns became widespread, because they are more effective than tank guns in combating enemy manpower. Two automatic guns can also be effectively used against air and ground lightly armored and unarmored targets, as well as against shelters, primarily earth parapets and bunkers. Automatic grenade launchers of 50-60 mm caliber will be able to compensate for the absence of mortars and AGS in the "heavy" company. In the presence of cumulative ammunition, they will be able (shooting along a hinged trajectory) to hit enemy armored vehicles in a weakly protected upper projection, and lightly armored vehicles - with direct fire.
To effectively combat enemy armored vehicles and shelters, an ATGM with four transport-launch containers on a telescopic rail should be installed on the BMP, which will allow the BMP to organize anti-tank ambushes and effectively deal with enemy armored vehicles in defense, operating from field shelters. It would be very useful to study the experience of some firms in creating telescopic guides for anti-tank systems that provide stealth, which is important, especially when organizing ambushes in the forest and the city, and even when defending from field shelters. Quite interesting is the ADATS complex, which can operate not only against ground targets, but also against air targets.
Together with the ATGM, it is advisable to install a large-caliber machine gun on the rail, together they will form the armament module of the BMP commander. It is advisable to place the same module on the tank, which will save the internal volume of the tank and increase the effectiveness of the use of anti-tank missiles during operations from shelters and ambushes. The commander's module must have an independent (from other weapons of the tank or infantry fighting vehicle) fire control system, which will allow simultaneous fire on two targets. ATGM should also be applicable as a short-range anti-aircraft missile system (to destroy helicopters, unmanned aerial vehicles and low-flying aircraft). In local wars, ATGMs on infantry fighting vehicles were used not so much to fight enemy armored vehicles as to fight against its fortifications, which should be taken into account when developing ATGM combat units, making them multi-purpose.
The main armament of the tank should be a 130-152 mm tank gun with a set of ammunition that ensures the defeat of promising tanks equipped with active and dynamic protection in any projection.
To increase security at an acceptable weight, the layout of the tank (and infantry fighting vehicles) should change: the engine is in the front, the crew (and troops) are in the rear, the tower is uninhabited, the ammunition is separated from the crew by armored partitions. Such an arrangement will also make it more convenient for the landing and crew to exit and reduce the take-out of a tank gun, which is very important for operations in urban areas. The crew should be in a fire-explosion-fragmentation-radiation-protected habitable compartment (capsule), which should provide almost equal protection from all angles and significantly increase the crew's survival in case of penetration of the tank's armor protection.
It is necessary to almost completely automate the entire work of the sighting system, closely approaching the robotization of aiming processes, to synthesize a single image, choosing reference channels depending on weather and other conditions. Warning systems for laser and radar exposure are needed, integrated into the fire control system (when exposure is detected, they should automatically issue a source target marker).
COMMUNICATION ORGANIZATION
The issue of communication is fundamentally important in modern warfare. Motorized rifle companies will need radio networks at the battalion, company and platoon levels. Platoon commanders and artillery spotters must enter the networks of three levels (radio networks of their platoon and company, as well as battalion radio networks). Combat vehicles, squad leaders, and attached weapons should be included in company and platoon networks. It is expedient to bring platoon radio communications to each soldier in the platoon, while the radio headset can be built into the helmet (helmet) of a soldier.
It is advisable to form modern tactical communication networks on the basis of broadband digital radio communication with code division (analogous to CDMA, but without separation of subscriber channels and duplexes). Each radio network must have its own main and spare code channels, and their reconfiguration should occur automatically. Such a radio communication system will not become user-friendly enough, but will be much more reliable and resistant to electronic jamming.
To reduce the load on radio frequencies and provide radio masking, all vehicles must be equipped with laser communications that provide reliable dial-up communication in the company at a distance between vehicles of up to 100 m, even when the enemy uses smoke, special aerosols and laser suppression equipment. In this case, the laser equipment on each unit of armored vehicles must act as a network router. The laser communication network must have an adaptive, that is, with a self-tuning topology, so that when individual routers fail, it remains operational without manual reconfiguration.
Modern combined arms combat is conducted by the combined efforts of all troops participating in it, however, the main role in achieving victory in battle belongs to motorized rifle and tank units. Only they are able to complete the defeat of the enemy and capture his territory.
Motorized rifle (tank) battalion, company, platoon and their purpose
A motorized rifle battalion (MSB) is the main combined-arms tactical unit of motorized rifle regiments (MSP) or motorized rifle brigades (MSBR), problem solver for the direct destruction of the enemy in battle as part of a unit (formation) or independently.
A tank battalion (tb) is the main combined-arms tactical unit of tank regiments (tp) of tank brigades (tbr). A tank battalion may also be part of a motorized rifle regiment.
A motorized rifle (tank) battalion is a calculated tactical unit of a formation when planning a battle and conducting tactical calculations.
The motorized rifle (tank) battalion (company), interacts with each other, as well as with artillery and units of other branches of the armed forces, special troops, performs the main task of directly destroying enemy manpower and fire weapons in battle. He is able to: repel enemy attacks and stubbornly hold defended positions; seize the defensive positions of the enemy on the move, repel his counterattacks and develop the offensive in depth at a high pace; to fight against; cross water barriers on the move, overcome obstacles and destruction; march long distances.
A motorized rifle (tank) battalion may be attached to an artillery battalion or battery, an anti-tank weapons unit, an anti-aircraft unit, as well as units of engineering and chemical troops. A motorized rifle battalion may also be assigned tank units, and a tank battalion - motorized rifle units.
A motorized rifle company can be attached to a mortar (artillery) battery, anti-tank, grenade launcher, engineer-sapper and flamethrower units, and in defense and when attacking in special conditions (in a city, mountains, forest) and a tank platoon; a tank company - an artillery battery, motorized rifle and engineer-sapper units. A battalion (company) in combat, in addition, can support an artillery battalion (battery).
A motorized rifle (tank) battalion can be reinforced with one or two tank (motorized rifle) companies, an artillery battalion or battery, an anti-tank weapons unit, an anti-aircraft unit, and also units of engineering and chemical troops.
Questions for self-control
1. What is the purpose of the motorized rifle and tank battalions in the Ground Forces of the Russian Army?
2. What is usually given to reinforce a motorized rifle battalion?
2.1.1. Organization of a motorized rifle battalion
There are two types of motorized rifle battalions in the Ground Forces of the Russian Federation - on armored personnel carriers and on infantry fighting vehicles. The organizational structure of these battalions has much in common, but there are also some differences.
The MSB on an armored personnel carrier consists of a battalion headquarters, a headquarters, combat units (three motorized rifle companies, a mortar battery, an anti-tank and a grenade launcher platoon), support units (reconnaissance platoon, communications platoon, support platoon, technical support platoon and medical center). The SMB may include an anti-aircraft missile platoon. The organization of SMEs on the armored personnel carrier is shown in Fig. 2.1.
The battalion command includes:
SSB commander;
Deputy Commander of the SME for work with personnel;
Deputy Commander for Technical Affairs.
Headquarters composition:
Chief of staff;
Deputy Chief of Staff;
Head of communications (he is also the commander of a communications platoon);
Instructor chemist - dosimetrist;
3 people 531 people 5 people
Control
combat units
mortar battery
Anti-tank platoon
grenade launcher platoon
A motorized rifle squad is the lowest tactical unit; organizationally, it is part of a motorized rifle platoon. IN Soviet army a motorized rifle squad may be armed with an infantry fighting vehicle (IFV) or an armored personnel carrier (APC).
Organization and armament of a motorized rifle squad on an infantry fighting vehicle
The motorized rifle squad on the BMP includes:
- squad leader (K),
- gunner-operator (BUT),
- driver (MB),
- machine gunner (P),
- arrow-grenade "tap (SG),
- arrow - assistant grenade launcher (PG),
- senior shooter (SS),
- arrow (C).
Rice. I. Infantry fighting vehicle (IFV)
The squad is armed with infantry fighting vehicles, a Kalashnikov light machine gun (RPK), a hand-held anti-tank grenade launcher (RPG), Kalashnikov assault rifles (AK), hand fragmentation grenades (RG) and hand-held cumulative anti-tank grenades (RKG).
The Kalashnikov submachine guns and machine guns that enter service with the squad in terms of their tactical and technical characteristics are generally superior to the models of small arms of foreign armies.
BMP - an armored tracked vehicle (Fig. 1), designed to move the personnel of the squad and conduct combat. It is equipped with an anti-tank guided missile system (ATGM), a gun, a Kalashnikov machine gun. The machine has a high speed of movement, successfully overcomes water obstacles, off-road, swamps and deep snow. It is equipped with an anti-nuclear defense system and night vision devices.
Organization and armament of a motorized rifle squad on an armored personnel carrier
A motorized rifle squad on an armored personnel carrier has a squad leader, a machine gunner, a grenade launcher, an assistant grenade launcher, a sniper (SN), a senior gunner, two shooters and a driver.
The squad is armed with an armored personnel carrier, a Kalashnikov light machine gun, a hand-held anti-tank grenade launcher, Kalashnikov assault rifles, a Dragunov sniper rifle (SVD), manual fragmentation and cumulative anti-tank grenades.
An armored personnel carrier is a combat wheeled vehicle designed mainly for transporting squad personnel to the battlefield and fire support for the squad in battle. The armored personnel carrier is equipped with a Vladimirov heavy machine gun and a Kalashnikov machine gun.
Combat capabilities of the motorized rifle squad
Combat capabilities are quantitative and qualitative indicators that characterize the ability of subunits and units to perform certain tasks in a specified time under specific conditions of the situation. They depend on the number of personnel, the level of their combat training and political and moral state, the availability and condition of weapons and equipment, the degree of training and ability of commanders to manage subunits and units, the organizational structure of subunits and units, and their availability of material resources. Combat capabilities are significantly affected by the nature of enemy countermeasures, terrain conditions, weather conditions, and time of day.
The combat capabilities of a motorized rifle squad are characterized by its firepower and maneuverability.
Having various weapons, the squad is able to successfully fight tanks and armored vehicles, low-flying enemy aircraft and helicopters, and destroy its firepower and manpower. It can destroy: in the offensive - 1 - 2 tanks, an armored personnel carrier and a group of soldiers (object of attack); in defense - 2 - 3 tanks, 1 - 2 armored personnel carriers and 12 - 15 enemy soldiers.
On the offensive, the maneuverability of a squad is characterized by the rate of offensive on the defensive—the ability to change positions in a given time.
Based on the combat capabilities of the squad, the objects of its attack can be the enemy in a trench and other defensive structure or a tank, gun, machine gun and other fire weapons located in the direction of attack. Defending a position up to 100 m, the squad can repel an attack up to a motorized infantry platoon reinforced with tanks. From the experience of the Great Patriotic War the enemy, having lost 50% of manpower and firepower, refused to continue the offensive.
In attack and defense, a motorized rifle squad operates, as a rule, as part of a motorized rifle platoon; in reconnaissance and security, it can act independently. Depending on the combat mission, the nature of the terrain, and other conditions of the situation, a squad may operate on an infantry fighting vehicle (APC), on foot (on skis), and sometimes as an assault on a tank.
Motorized Rifle Battalion (MSB)- the main combined arms unit. It is organizationally part of a motorized rifle brigade (regiment).
The purpose of the units of the motorized rifle battalion
Battalion command - battalion commander, deputy for work with personnel and deputy for armaments.
battalion headquarters - chief of staff, he is also the deputy battalion commander, the battalion communications chief, he is also the commander of the communications platoon, instructor chemist (ensign) and clerk.
communications platoon - designed to organize radio and wire communications in the battalion units.
The communications platoon consists of a commander's infantry fighting vehicle (squad commander - he is also a senior radiotelephone operator, an infantry fighting vehicle driver) and two radio squads. In total, there are 13 people in the communication platoon of personnel, 1 commander's armored personnel carriers, 2 wheeled armored personnel carriers, 22 radio stations, 8 km of cable.
Motorized rifle company - a tactical unit that performs tasks, as a rule, as part of the SME, but can also perform tasks independently in reconnaissance and security, as a tactical airborne assault force or a special detachment behind enemy lines.
mortar battery - fire and tactical artillery unit. The battery is designed to suppress and destroy manpower and firepower located openly, in trenches and dugouts, on the reverse slopes of heights and ravines. Depending on the nature of the target, the duration of firing and the consumption of shells, it can suppress manpower in a section of 2-4 hectares and conduct barrage fire at the front up to 400 m. foreman, medical officer, senior driver), control platoon (platoon commander, reconnaissance department, communications department), two fire platoons (each with four 120-mm mortars). In total, in the mortar battery: personnel - 66 people, radio stations - 4, mortars - 8, tractors - 8, cables - 4 km.
grenade launcher platoon - powerful weapon of a motorized rifle battalion. Designed to destroy enemy manpower and firepower located outside shelters, in open trenches (trenches) and behind terrain folds.
A grenade launcher platoon consists of a platoon commander, a deputy platoon commander, those squads (in each squad leader, 2 senior grenade launcher gunners, 2 grenade launcher gunners, an armored personnel carrier machine gunner, a senior driver or driver).
In total, the platoon of personnel - 26 people, 30-mm automatic grenade launchers AGS-17-6, BMP - 3.
Battalion medical center designed to collect the wounded in the battalion and evacuate them, as well as to provide medical assistance. The platoon consists of the head of the medical center (ensign), a medical instructor, 2 orderlies, a senior driver, 3 orderly drivers.
In total there are: personnel - 8 people, wheeled conveyors - 3, an ambulance, a trailer 1-AP-1.5.
Support Platoon - designed for uninterrupted logistics, maintenance of the current repair of combat and transport equipment of the battalion. A platoon consists of a platoon commander (ensign) and a deputy platoon commander (aka squad leader), from the squad Maintenance, automotive department, economic department.
Maintenance Department consists of a squad leader, a senior autoelectromechanic-accumulator, a car mechanic (fitter), a driver-car mechanic. The department has: personnel - 4 people, a workshop for servicing vehicles MTO-LT-1, ZIL-131, ZIL-157 under MTO-AT-1.
Main armament:
Weapon
Tactical and technical characteristics of weapons of small and medium business.
mortars
Anti-tank missile systems
BMP and armored personnel carrier
Organization and armament of a motorized infantry battalion (MPB) of the US Army.
The composition of the units of the mechanized infantry battalion of the US Army, its
purpose
The mechanized infantry battalion of the US Army is the main combat
division.
The motorized infantry battalion organizationally consists of:
Command and staff;
headquarters company;
Four motorized infantry companies;
Anti-tank company.
Total in the motorized infantry battalion:
L / s - 896 people.
BMP M2 "Bradley" - 54 units.
BRM M3 - 6 units.
BTR M 113A1 - 23 units.
ATGM "TOU" - 12 units.
PU ATGM "Dragon" - 36 units.
106.7 mm self-propelled min. - 6 units.
KShM M577A1 - 8 units.
7.62 mm RPM60 - 70 units.
Cars - 114 units.
R / station - 250 units.
Headquarters and command of the MPB
L / s - 24 people.
headquarters company
Designed for planning and managing combat operations, accounting
personnel, organization of combat and logistic support as full-time,
and attached units.
Consists of: 1. Company management:
BMP M-2 "Bradley" - 2 units;
KShM - 3 units.
2. Six platoons.
Reconnaissance Platoon
Consists of: - management (BRM M3 - 2 units);
Two reconnaissance sections of two
BRM M3 in each.
Total: - l / s - 29 people;
BRM M3 - 6 units.
mortar platoon
Consists of: - control (automatic - 2 units);
Two mortar sections each
KShM M577A1 and three - 106.7 mm SM M 106A2.
Total: - l / s - 34 people;
106.7 mm SM - 6 units;
KShM - 2 units;
Cars - 2 units.
Platoon ____________ communications
Consists of: - management;
radio communication sections;
Sections of wire communication.
Total: - l / s - 18 people;
BTRM 113A1 - 2 units.
medical platoon
Consists of: - management;
First aid point;
evacuation section.
Total: - l / s - 47 people;
BTR M113A1 - 8 units.
Support Platoon
Consists of: - control on KShM M577A1 - 1 unit;
3 sections: 1) transport;
3) nutrition.
Total: - l / s - 112 people;
KShM - 1 unit;
Cars - 58 units.
Repair Platoon
Consists of: - management;
Eight sections:
1) administrative;
2) repair;
3) technical support of the headquarters and headquarters company;
4) four sections of those. provision of motorized infantry companies;
5) section of those. providing an anti-tank company.
Total: - l / s - 79 people;
BTR M113A1 - 5 units.
Total in the headquarters company:
L / s - 345 people;
BMP M2 "Bradley" - 2 units;
BRM M-3 - 6 units;
106.7 mm SM - 6 units;
7.62 mm Pool. M-60A2 - 6 units;
BTR M-113A1 - 15 units;
KShM - 6 units;
Cars - 60 units.
Motorized infantry company
The motorized infantry company is the main combat unit of the battalion.
Consists of: - company management;
Three motorized infantry platoons.
Control
L / s - 11 people;
BMP M2 "Bradley" - 1 unit;
BTR M113 - 1 unit.
Motorized infantry platoon
Consists of: - control section: 1) l / s - 8 people;
2) BMP M2 "Bradley" -1 unit
3 motorized infantry squads - 9 people each.
The department consists of: - commander of the department;
Deputy com. otd.;
BMP gunner-operator;
Mech driver BMP;
Operator of PU ATGM "Dragon";
Machine gunner;
Senior shooter;
shooter;
Grenade shooter.
In combat, a squad may be subdivided into fireteams.
Total in MPV:
L / s - 35 people;
PU ATGM "Dragon" - 3 units;
7.62mm Man. pool. M-60 - 3 units;
BMP M2 "Bradley" - 4 units.
Total in MNR:
L / s - 116 people;
BTR M113A1 - 1 unit;
BMP M2 - 13 units;
PU ATGM "Dragon" - 9 units;
7.62mm Man. pool. M-60 - 9 units;
5.56mm machine guns - 18 units;
Auth. screw. M16A1 - 74 units;
40mm underbarrel grenades. M203 - 18 units.
Anti-tank company
Represents a commander's mobile anti-tank reserve
motorized infantry battalion.
Consists of: - management: 1) l / s - 3 people;
2) BTR M113A1 - 1 unit.
3) anti-tank platoons.
The platoon consists of: - management: 1) l / s - 4 people;
2) BTR M113A1 - 1 unit.
4 anti-tank sections:
in the section: 1) l / s - 4 people;
2) self-propelled ATGM "TOU" M901 - 1 unit.
Total in platoon:
L / s - 20 people;
ATGM "TOU" - 4 units;
BTR M113A1 - 1 unit.
Total in anti-tank company:
L / s - 63 people;
ATGM "TOU" M901 - 12 units;
BTR M113A1 - 4 units;
7.62mm RP M60 - 12 units. and other weapons.
This lesson, like the previous one, is conducted in the form of an interview with an explanation or explanation of questions that were not studied in the lessons on life safety at school. It is necessary to strive for a guided tour of the weapons and materiel of the department on the actual equipment of the military unit. In the absence of the possibility of visiting a military unit, it is necessary to show a video film.
Organizational structure and armament of the motorized rifle squad.
A motorized rifle squad is the primary tactical unit that is part of a motorized rifle platoon. Organizational consists of:
squad leader - sergeant;
infantry fighting vehicle driver - private;
gunner-operator of an infantry fighting vehicle - private;
grenade launcher - private;
gunner-assistant grenade launcher - private;
machine gunner - private;
sniper - private;
senior shooter - private.
Total: 8 personnel.
Having revealed the organizational and staffing structure of the motorized rifle squad, it is advisable for the teacher, as a control for mastering the educational material of the previous lesson, to conduct a brief survey on the knowledge of the duties of a soldier and squad leader. Then proceed to the study of the duties of other military personnel from the motorized rifle squad, according to their regular positions.
Armament of the motorized rifle squad.
The motorized rifle squad is armed with:
infantry fighting vehicle BMP-2 - 1 unit;
5.45 mm automatic AKS-74U - 1;
5.45 mm automatic AKS-74 - 5;
5.45 mm RPK light machine gun - 1;
7.62 mm SVD sniper rifle - 1;
grenade launcher RPG-7 V - 1.
In this part of the lesson, the teacher should familiarize students with the combat capabilities and main characteristics of the weapons of the motorized rifle squad*.
*- weapons can be changed and supplemented depending on the planned combat missions of the unit.
BMP-2
Designed to equip motorized rifle and tank units, increase mobility, armament and security of personnel operating on the battlefield in the conditions of the use of nuclear missile weapons by the enemy
The main performance characteristics of the BMP-2:
Machine type: tracked, armored, floating, air transported.
Full combat weight - 14t
Combat crew - 3 people. crew, 7 people paratroopers.
Max Speed:
on the highway, not less than - 65 km / h, afloat, not less than - 7 km / h, average
speed on a dry dirt road - 40–50 km / h. Average consumption
fuel per 100 km - 92 liters. Fuel tank capacity - 465 l
The maximum angles of ascent and descent on soddy ground are 35 degrees.
Moat width - 2.5 m. Wall height - 0.7 m
WEAPONS:
30 mm automatic gun 2A42:
Rate of fire: small - 200-300 rds / min; large - 550
shots/min Sighting range for ground targets: BT
shells - 2000 m, OFZ and OT shells - 4000 m
Direct shot range - 1000 m
PKT machine gun coaxial with cannon:
Caliber - 7.62 mm. Combat rate of fire - 250 rds / min.
The greatest sighting range - 2000 m. Food - tape
The number of cartridges in the tape - 2000 pcs. Rate of fire -700-800
shots/min
AMMUNITION:
30 mm armor-piercing tracer shells - 160 pcs
30 mm high-explosive fragmentation incendiary
and fragmentation tracer shells - 340 pieces
7.62 mm cartridges for PKT - 2000 pcs
5.45 mm automatic AKS-74:
Designed to destroy manpower and destroy enemy firepower.
Caliber, mm - 5.45
Muzzle velocity, m/s - 900
Magazine capacity, rounds - 30
Machine weight, kg:
- with an empty magazine - 3.2
- with an equipped magazine - 3.5
For firing from the AK-74 assault rifle, 5.45 mm cartridges with
ordinary bullet, 7N6, with a bullet of increased penetration PP,
with tracer bullet 7T3.
5.45 mm machine gun RPK-74:
Designed to destroy manpower and destroy enemy firepower
Main tactical and technical characteristics:
Caliber, mm - 5.45
Muzzle velocity, m/s - 960
Sighting range, m: - 1000
Rate of fire, rds / min - 600
Machine gun weight, kg:
Magazine capacity, rounds - 45
Machine gun weight, kg:
- with an unloaded magazine - 5
- with equipped magazine - 5.5
7.62 mm SVD Dragunov sniper rifle (SVDS):
The rifle is designed to destroy various emerging, moving, open and camouflaged single targets.
Main tactical and technical characteristics:
Caliber, mm - 7.62
Muzzle velocity, m/s - 830
Sighting range, m:
With an open sight - 1200
With an optical sight - 1300
Magazine capacity, cartridges - 10/15
Magnification of the optical sight - 4x
The mass of the rifle with cartridges and scope, kg - 4.68
7.62 mm sniper cartridges are used for shooting from a sniper rifle.
RPG-7v hand-held anti-tank grenade launcher:
Designed to fight tanks, infantry fighting vehicles, armored personnel carriers, self-propelled artillery mounts and other armored enemy targets. In addition, it can be used to destroy enemy manpower located in shelters, as well as in urban-type structures. Shooting from a grenade launcher is carried out with shots from an over-caliber anti-tank grenade of cumulative action.
Main tactical and technical characteristics:
Caliber, mm - 40
Sighting range, m - 500
Mass grenade launcher, kg - 6.3
Armor penetration, mm - 325
Used shots: PG-7V, PG-7VM, PG-7VS, PG-7VL, PG-7VR, TBG-7V.