Which is cheaper than a coal or gas boiler. The cheaper it is to heat the house

At the present time, many owners of suburban private houses or summer cottages increasingly have to look for an alternative to gas as the main type of fuel to heat their homes. The reasons are different: for some, natural gas becomes too expensive a pleasure, someone has the opportunity to use other energy sources, and for someone the main gas is simply unavailable due to its complete absence nearby. Then the question arises - what kind of economical heating of a house without gas exists in general and what kind of fuel is better to use then?

Alternative energy sources

There is no unequivocal answer to this question, since each individual case has its own nuances. For example, a lot of old large trees grow on your plot of land, which just ask to be put into the firebox of a wood-fired boiler.

Option two: in return for certain services, the customer is ready to supply you with diesel fuel or coal for a long time. It is clear that in such situations you will lean towards these types of energy carriers and not pay attention to others. In the long term, this will be a mistake, since such sources will sooner or later run out and you will have to look for other heating methods. country house or buy the same fuel, but at the generally accepted cost.

We will try to develop some kind of universal method for determining the optimal energy carrier for heating a home, which is suitable for each individual case. First, we will make a reservation that the methodology will help to determine the cheapest heating without gas, we do not take it into account.

Just as we do not take into account various high-tech and exotic types of heating, inaccessible to ordinary citizens. This includes heat pumps, solar panels, windmills and various types of machine and vegetable oils... Then how to heat the house if there is no gas and the above sources? We have at our disposal:

• ordinary firewood;
• eurowood;
• pellets;
• coal;
• diesel fuel;
• liquefied gas in cylinders;
• electricity.

For each of these energy carriers, a calculation of the costs for the entire cold period should be made, then it will be clear what the cheaper it is to heat the house.

Important! Before starting the calculations, it is imperative to bring the units of measurement of the amount of fuel into conformity, that is, to avoid confusion between volume (m3) and mass (kg). It is recommended that all types of energy carriers, except for electricity, be reduced to units of mass - kilograms.

Calculating heating costs

To find out what is the most economical heating of a country house, it is recommended for clarity to draw up a simple plate of this form:

In this table, the second column is filled in based on the cost of each type of fuel in your region, or your individual price is entered into it. The third column is already filled in for convenience of calculations. The cost of 1 kW of thermal energy can be easily determined by dividing the price of 1 kg of fuel (column 2) by its specific calorific value (column 3).

The fifth column is filled based on the fact that the average consumed thermal power in a private house with an area of ​​100 m2 per season is 5 kW / h, and the duration of the heating season is 180 days (5 x 24 x 180 = 21,600 kW / h).

It is clear that house designs are all different and the area will be different, just as the length of the season in your region may differ, so you will need to make the appropriate adjustments. Multiplying the data in columns 4 and 5, we determine the estimated costs for the season.

However, these values ​​do not take into account the efficiency of the equipment, the values ​​of which are given below. Dividing the estimated costs by the efficiency, in the last column we get a direct answer to the question - the cheaper it is to heat a house except for gas.

For homeowners whose homes already have gas boilers, you can add another line below for comparison, filling it with data on natural gas, based on the actual indicators of fuel consumption and its price.

It would seem that now everything has fallen into place and you can safely make a choice in favor of one or another energy carrier for economical heating. But this approach is one-sided, because there is also such a thing as convenience and complexity in the maintenance and operation of the heating system of a private house.

Choosing an energy carrier taking into account ease of use

The comfort of operation of boiler equipment that supplies heat to water heating is an important factor, since any unnecessary troubles and inconveniences are your time and money. That is, the total cost increases indirectly according to how much effort is put into keeping the system running. In some cases, economical heating systems after the first season no longer seem so economical and sometimes you want to pay extra money, just not to get involved with such problems.

In contrast to financial indicators, ease of use - the value for each type of fuel is unchanged, so it can be found out immediately, which will help to make the right choice. Convenience will be assessed by the following criteria:

• the complexity of the repair or maintenance of the boiler plant;
• necessity and convenience of storage;
• comfort in daily use (the need to load fuel, and so on).

To find out which of the energy carriers will provide a comfortable and economical heating a private house, we will draw up a second table, where, for each of the criteria, we will put down ratings for all types of fuel according to a five-point system, after which we will summarize.

Service

No maintenance required electric boilers except sometimes to open the lid and dust off or clean the contacts, for which they receive the highest marks. Some actions are required if heating Vacation home liquefied gas. It is recommended to check and, if necessary, clean the igniter and burner once every 2 years, because propane is a solid four. Pellet boilers receive 3 points for the fact that they require cleaning the combustion chamber several times a year and once the chimney.

Accordingly, wood and coal units need to be cleaned frequently as they become dirty. The worst situation in this respect is the situation with diesel fuel, since its quality often leaves much to be desired, which is why the frequency of service is unpredictable.

Warehousing

It is clear that electricity does not require storage space, while LPG and diesel fuel may require some storage space. But when economical heating of a private house with wood is organized, then a lot of storage space will be required. The same applies to pellets, as they require a dry room or special silo. As for coal, there is a lot of waste, dust and dirt from it, therefore - the lowest rating.

Ease of use

And here economical electric heating turned out to be at its best, since it does not require any intervention during operation. Pellets and liquefied gas must be replenished periodically, 1-2 times a week, or even less often. A little more attention should be paid diesel fuel, more for supervising work than for adding fuel.

Well, most of all the trouble is traditionally delivered by autonomous heating in a private house on coal and wood, here the load into the combustion chamber is needed from 1 to 3 times a day.

The last column summarizes the results according to which heating is the most comfortable and convenient. country house in winter with electricity. If given result Considered in conjunction with financial costs, electricity may not be the worst option.

Conclusion

An integrated approach to the issue shows that the most economical heating systems for summer cottages and country houses can be the most troublesome during operation. Therefore, you should not rush and carefully weigh and calculate everything, or even better - install an electric boiler in combination with any other.

The most important part of the heating system is the boiler. It is he who develops thermal energy that warms the cottage. The basis for choosing a heating boiler is the fuel on which it will work, and here two main options are possible - gas and solid fuel. An electric boiler is more often used as a backup heating source.

Natural gas cost

Although gas prices are rising, it still remains the No. 1 energy resource for most households. In such a situation, almost every cottage owner thinks about how to increase the efficiency of the heating system by reducing the consumption of blue fuel.

In Ukraine, heating a house with an area of ​​150 m 2 may require up to 3500-4500 m 3 of natural gas per season. In terms of the released energy, this is about 30-40 thousand kW or 25-35 Gcal per year (season). At today's tariffs for the consumption of such a volume of gas, you will have to pay up to UAH 4-5 thousand per month during the entire heating season. When using natural gas, the cost of 1 Gcal of heat is about 941 UAH(1023 UAH, taking into account the boiler's KDP 92%).

Gas consumption can be reduced by reducing the heating area, repairing and replacing heating equipment, reducing the heat loss of the building, as well as changing the daily routine (lowering the temperature in the premises of the house, reducing consumption hot water etc.).

One of the most simple ways gas saving - replacing the boiler with a device with a higher efficiency. Traditional gas boilers, which are called convection boilers, have an efficiency of about 90-98%. However, a significant part of modern devices belongs to the category of condensing boilers. Their efficiency can reach 108-112%.

Solid fuel cost

When choosing a solid fuel boiler, one must take into account not the selling price of fuel, but the final unit costs of heating. For example, today the average price of a ton of pellets in Kiev and the region is 3000 UAH, coal - 4500 UAH, firewood - 3300 UAH. At the same time, the heat release during the combustion of 1 ton of fuel is on average estimated by specialists at about 3.45 Gcal for pellets, 6.45 Gcal for coal and 3.45 Gcal for firewood.

It means that 1 Gcal of heat released during the combustion of pellets costs about 870 UAH(UAH 1115, taking into account the boiler KDP 78%) , coal - 698 UAH(851 UAH, taking into account the boiler KDP 82%) , firewood - at UAH 957(1226 UAH, taking into account the boiler KDP 78%).

If you do not take into account the cost of fuel delivery and boiler maintenance, the amount will be commensurate (for pellets and firewood) or less (for coal and brown coal) than in the case of gas. However, the quality of gas in gas networks is more or less unified, but the quality and condition of solid fuel can vary greatly.

When choosing a solid fuel, you need to take into account its ash content (determines the frequency of cleaning the boiler and chimney), calorific value and humidity. For example, let's compare aspen and oak firewood. At the same humidity, a dense oak log will give almost two (1.76) times more heat energy than an aspen log of the same size. That is, to obtain the same result, you need 2 times less firewood, fewer trips to buy them, less storage space, less time for splitting and fewer loads into the boiler.

Similarly, when buying other types of fuel, you need to understand that, say, the calorific value of black coal is higher than that of brown coal. And pellets are distinguished by a minimum ash content (0.5-1.0%) and ease of storage and use. For 3 tons of pellets, you need about 1.5-2 m³ of space, while for ordinary firewood you need up to 10 m³.

The main fuel in Siberia and the Far East is coal. The European part of Russia accounts for 95% of the consumed gas and 76% of oil and oil products in the fuel balance. This territorial asymmetry determines the entire structure of energy consumption in the country. The asymmetry is even more pronounced in boiler and furnace fuel. So, in 2004 the share of oil and oil products was 19%, coal - 15%, specific gravity gas rose to 54%. Moreover, this trend has been observed since the early 1990s.

Coal consumption in Russia lags behind the world average. In the world, the share of gas is only 23%, and coal - 27%, and in the future, the specific consumption of gas and oil products will continue to decline. First of all, the price factor will play its role: with the rise in oil prices, oil products are being gradually displaced and the demand for coal is growing, which leads to an outstripping rise in relative prices for it. In addition, non-price factors will also have a certain impact - large volumes of coal and shale reserves compared to other energy sources.

The origins of the problems

It all started back in the early 1970s, during the "gas pause". In those years, the USSR was implementing a program to convert coal-fired power plants to gas in order to solve environmental problems and build an efficient and "clean" nuclear power industry. However, they switched to gas, but due to the economic collapse of the 1990s, no new coal technologies were introduced. With the reorientation towards energy exports, the Russian economy, accustomed to cheap gas, began to experience a shortage of it. Delays in the development of Yamal, the Arctic shelves, the large Kovykta gas condensate field, and uncertainty with Turkmen gas lead to an aggravation of the situation in the medium term.

A solution that would satisfy many is the reverse conversion of gas stations to coal. But this is an expensive option: refurbishment is comparable to building new station... At the same time, environmental problems accompany coal plants - carbon dioxide emissions, slag dumps. And the high transport costs of delivering coal from Siberia will lead to an increase in energy tariffs.

That is why the strategy of RAO "UES of Russia" is based on the modernization of existing plants. Those working on gas are being converted to combined cycle gas and gas turbine technologies, which increases efficiency and saves gas. At coal-fired thermal power plants (TPPs) in Siberia, environmentally friendly technologies for burning coal are being introduced in order to subsequently use gas obtained from coal in steam-gas installations. The transition from steam-turbine to combined-cycle coal-fired TPPs can increase the efficiency of installations up to 60% or more.

Price policy

Another factor reinforcing the asymmetry is resource prices. The fact is that coal prices have been regulated by the market since 1993, while gas prices, for the most part, by a natural monopoly - Gazprom.

On average in the world, the cost of natural gas is close to the price of oil and exceeds the price of coal by 3-4 times in conventional units (for example, in the USA). We have the opposite situation. Therefore, solid fuel is being squeezed out of the energy sector. Even in coal regions, gas is cheaper than coal. As a result, there is a bias in favor of the irrational use of gas instead of coal. Such disproportions harm not only the coal, but also the oil and gas industry, as well as the electric power industry and housing and communal services.

The issue of double pricing for gas is also key from the point of view of Russia's accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO). Low gas prices are an indirect subsidy to the economy. Due to cheap gas, we produce for export competitively priced aluminum, oil products, and energy. According to various estimates, these indirect subsidies for Russia amount to up to $ 5 billion annually. Therefore, when Russia joins the WTO, the EU countries will undoubtedly demand equalization of internal and external prices.

There are several solutions to this problem. One of them, at first glance, the simplest, is the establishment of market prices, which is now being proposed by the head of Gazprom, Alexei Miller. But it will hit hard on socially significant industries, on tariffs for heat and electricity. A smooth transition is needed here. Coal will become profitable in comparison with gas, according to experts, even at a price ratio of 1.5-1.8 (blue fuel is only 50-80% more expensive).

Following the world

Replacing gas with coal in the fuel balance is one of the main tasks in the Energy Strategy of Russia until 2020. Countries such as the United States, China, India, Australia, South Africa adhere to similar views: the coal industry forms the basis of their economic, technological and environmental policies. In Russia, it is expected to achieve this through an increase in gas prices, a decrease in its share in consumption and the occupation of this niche by coal. Such forecasts, given by the Ministry of Economic Development and Trade of the Russian Federation (MEDT), are untenable for one simple reason - coal prices are growing faster than regulated gas prices.

This lack of clarity in economic policy, in our opinion, is harmful. Both direct market regulation, which will lead to a shock in the economy, and monopoly pricing, which has already led to a disproportion in the development of the heat and power complex, are dangerous. The government can and should impose rational restrictions on the use of this or that type of fuel. This is done in many developed countries.

The industry is waiting for solutions

The impulse of 1998, reflected in the coal industry through metallurgy, is still decisive in the dynamics of the industry's development in recent years. The shortage of coking coal has increased the demand for coal and led to the integration of the coal industry with the metallurgical industry. This process peaked in 2002-2003. Now there is a certain decline due to a certain saturation of the market: most metallurgical plants do not experience a sharp shortage of coke and have their own coal mines.

Smooth concentration processes can be clearly distinguished in the industry. There is a merger of homogeneous assets - close to each other mines and deposits, coking and power coal deposits. At the same time, the number of small and medium-sized companies is decreasing, while the number of large ones is increasing.

Since the coal industry has free pricing, it has both the pros and cons of free competition. Market-regulated prices improve the position of leaders, highly profitable companies, but at the same time the weaker ones are crowded out. An example is the recent announcement by the Chita Oblast administration on the introduction of quotas for coal production. On the other hand, the industry also has large companies controlling large parts of the market and allowing themselves to dictate the terms. For example, SUEK is accused of monopoly overpricing in Buryatia.

In the medium term, the production vector will be directed to the east. Coal companies of Kuzbass, in order to increase their competitiveness, should move from a quantitative increase in production to an increase in product quality, since high density extraction. The Kansk-Achinskoye direction is promising with a double production by 2020 - up to 60 million tons, the Vostochno-Beisky open-pit mine in Khakassia, as well as a number of projects in the Irkutsk and Chita regions.

The government's position, expressed in the Energy Strategy, is not clear enough: on the one hand, the priority of the coal industry is spelled out, the replacement of gas with coal, and on the other, there are no real mechanisms for its implementation. At the same time, the actions of the Ministry of Economic Development and Trade to achieve the set goals, at best, can be called adequate. So far, there is no action plan either to switch to efficient coal technologies or to raise gas prices, while the market can spontaneously regulate these issues, but with high social costs. In fact, a serious problem is hidden here - the lack of interaction between government and business.

State aside

The long-term prospects of the coal industry, primarily associated with the replacement of gas with coal, will be determined not so much by internal as by external factors - the growth of the economy of the Asia-Pacific Region (APR) and an increase in energy consumption. With a high degree of probability, it can be assumed that the growth rates of the world economy will remain the same and the demand for energy resources will not fall. Then Gazprom's policy will automatically be aimed at increasing gas exports - both eastward and westward. In particular, for this, it is planned to build gas pipelines to the countries of the Asia-Pacific region and increase domestic gas prices. The consequence will be the replacement of gas with coal, its displacement from the fuel and energy balance. Naturally, in such a situation, there will be no large-scale gasification of Siberia, especially its eastern part, except for a number of projects that have already been announced - in the Irkutsk region and areas close to the gas pipelines under construction.

Despite the fact that Russia is in fifth place in the world in coal exports and coal exports are growing, especially to non-CIS countries (in 2004, the growth was 30.5%), its share in world exports, according to the International Energy Agency (IEA) , from 2015 onwards will decrease.

Summing up, we can say that in general, the coal sector is developing successfully. Like any other branch of the economy, it has its own problems, although many of them are being solved successfully, but with the help of market mechanisms. From the point of view of the national approach, such decisions are not optimal - only intra-industry interests are taken into account, without taking into account the effect on the entire economy of the country. Therefore, the primary task of the federal authorities is to develop an efficient scenario for the energy sector.

Force majeure registered

When the fixed assets of an enterprise are significantly worn out, production is characterized by a high level of accidents. This is especially true for coal mines.

The main hazards of coal mines during intensive coal mining in difficult conditions are: rock caving, gas release, sudden coal and gas outbursts, methane and coal dust explosions, underground fires, water breakthroughs. Accident statistics in the Kemerovo region are forcing coal companies to invest in safety. Since the beginning of 2004, about 20 accidents have occurred in the mines, 220 people have died, 206 of them have become victims of methane explosions. This is what reduces the economic and consumer competitiveness of coal - the alarming expectation and public response to disasters in mines that lead to loss of life.

Prepared by Andrey Lipin

Today I will try to reveal a useful topic, the whole point is that now many citizens of our country live in private houses, and when winter comes, they ask themselves - what is really more profitable to heat the house? The first thing that comes to mind is, of course, gas, electricity, firewood (coal can also be included here), there are certainly more unconventional sources for heating, for example diesel or gasoline, but it is difficult to use them, and sometimes even dangerous. In general, let's think - which is more profitable now and which is preferable ...

• Specified conditions
• Gas heating
• Heating with electricity
• Firewood, coal, etc.
• CONCLUSIONS - BENEFIT + VIDEO

In this article I will try to give a full assessment of one or another heating system, that is, we will estimate according to calculations and derive the optimal heating source. Of course, electric heating is now beginning to progress, but about 60 - 70% of households are still steadily "hanging" on gas, and many apartments now have so-called autonomous gas heating option! So what is so beneficial? For example, I want to take an apartment or house with an area of ​​100 square meters, this is what I think is "optimal" for a family of three to four people (you can read what comfortable area is here). In general, read my reasoning and calculations below. Let's start with a condition.

Specified conditions

As I wrote from above, the task is to heat a house - an apartment of 100 square meters, if you believe our SNIPAMs, then we can say that for comfortable heating you need to apply thermal energy of 100 W - square meter, that is, if we have 100 square meters, we need energy - 100 X 100 = 10,000 W or 10 kW, is this a lot? Of course, yes, a lot!

I suggest simple scheme, but it will display the whole picture:

• Let's say it's frosty now, the heating of the house (apartment) is working in the mode - heats up for 5 minutes, rests for 5 minutes! Thus, it turns out that the heating works exactly 12 hours per day! Of course, if your home is well insulated, then this interval will not be 50/50, the heating will turn on less often, but this is very good insulation with foam outside and thick walls, of which there are still few in ordinary (ordinary) houses!

The conditions are set, we begin to identify - which is more profitable:

Gas heating

First, you have gas should be held, which in itself costs money, and not small ones.

Secondly, for such an area, a boiler with a capacity of only 10 kW will be enough, that is, you do not need to buy for 20 - 25 kW, there is simply no need. You can still consider at 15 kW, nevertheless, if the boiler does not work at 100% load, its resource increases.

Third, at the moment gas costs about 2.5 - 3 rubles, it all depends on the geography of our homeland. I have 2.5 rubles in the city, so I will count at this rate.

Gas is a very “energy-consuming” product; a lot of heat is released during combustion! Heating boilers, now have a very high efficiency (often at least 80 - 90%) - it takes up little space, works offline and practically does not require maintenance. As it becomes clear, the boiler itself cannot heat the room, it needs a heating system, usually cast iron or aluminum batteries that are "tied" to polypropylene pipes - rational decision.

Well, that we have decided, we proceed to calculations for gas

I have a very clear example of such a house (it is not very well insulated, there are old places that need to be additionally insulated), about 10 - 12 cubic meters of gas per day (in cold weather) go away, let's take a maximum of 12.

If we deduce the final consumption, then 12 X 2.5 p = 30 p. Then in a month it turns out 30 X 30 days = 900 rubles! Tolerant!

Heating with electricity

For such systems, complex engineering networks are not needed, in fact, just ordinary poles with electricity distribution - this makes such systems very attractive.

I would like to note right away that now there are a lot of systems that strive to make electric heating cheaper and more efficient, I will list them point by point:

• TEN boilers are a boiler in which there are electric heating elements, and it, like a gas, heats the coolant (usually water or antifreeze) in the system.
• Electrode boilers, instead of heating elements, special plates are used there, which heat water more efficiently.
• Separate heating elements, we just cut into each battery.
• Warm floors, there are both film and wired. Usually they are laid in the floor, or in the version with a film, they are hung on the ceiling under the main covering.
• Infrared heaters. The form of panels that are hung on the wall and heat the room with infrared radiation.

You can still enumerate for a very long time, now there are still a lot of varieties, and each manufacturer wants to declare that he invented simply "know-how". But in fact, again, it all depends on how your house is insulated! The walls must be warm - otherwise you will simply heat the street.

Now a kilowatt of electricity costs about 3 rubles (I take the national average).

Well, let's suppose - that some manufacturers still managed to reduce energy consumption to 80 W - meter, while giving off heat like gas at 100 W - meter.

We have already decided that our heating works for 12 hours. Then we multiply 80 W by 100 meters = 8 kW / hour. And since we heat the house for 12 hours, then: - 8 X 12 = 96 kW per day!

If you knock it out for the money, then it is - 96 X 3 rubles. = 288, per month 288 X 30 = 8640 rubles! Just FUCK!

Not very profitable heating!

Firewood, coal, etc.

Many now may ask me a question - why are we considering this option, no one has been heating this way for a long time, and the apartment cannot be heated like that! But no guys, it's still relevant, remember the same "pellet" boilers, of course, this is only logical for a private house, in an apartment we justly will not mount such a system.

Firewood

I don't even know how to present the calculation to you, here you cannot somehow deduce the amount of firewood and heat received from them. It all depends on the material, what kind of firewood it is (oak, birch, pine, etc.) because they all burn differently and give different heat. But I can say with confidence that you need to make some kind of shed for storing these firewood or coal - 100%, which is already burdening many owners.

Heating with firewood can be really cheap and even free, if you yourself chopped it up and brought it somewhere. But if you buy, then KAMAZ (about 6 cubic meters), and this is how much will be needed for the heating season, it costs about 10 - 12,000 rubles, if divided by 6 months of heating, this is about 1.5 - 2,000 rubles. per month!

Coal

Coal will come out a little more expensive, but it is needed less and it keeps the temperature longer (we buy about 3 cubic meters). If tamped in the dry residue, these are the same 2000 r. - month.

Pellets

A new heating system, special, expensive boilers, which, by the way, can be well automated.

They are fueled with special pellets - "pellets", it is also not easy to calculate the consumption! But again, based on my experience, I will say - the consumption of pellets per month for 2 - 2.5 thousand rubles - our 100 squares.

CONCLUSIONS - PROFIT!

Well, as you yourself understand, in the first place is actually GAZ, while in terms of efficiency it does not even have close competitors.

The second is to burn with wood, pellets, coal - but in our case this is not an option at all (troublesome, garbage, dirty and dangerous), unless you have private house and "ash" from burning will be useful for seedlings.

The third is electricity itself, of course many can now tell me - what have you counted here, I have much less, I spend on 100 squares, 4000 - 5000 rubles. - a month for electricity! Guys, it may be so, but think how much would you spend on gas then? Generally a penny! Many are heated with electricity only because there is no choice and there will not be, because the area is remote and there is simply NO gas nearby!

Now video version of the article

Here is such an article turned out, I think it was useful to you, read our construction site.

We calculated the cost of obtaining 1 kWh of heat from different types fuel, as well as costs for the entire heating season, plus payback periods heating systems.

It is generally accepted that the most profitable heating option is mains gas. But not everyone can say for sure how quickly its connection will pay off, even if the gas pipe has already been laid along the border of your site. Therefore, the question "the cheaper it is to heat the house" will be very relevant. To answer this question, we have prepared two tables and a diagram. The first table contains information on the cost of obtaining 1 kWh of heat from various types of fuel at prices at the beginning of 2016. The diagram shows fuel costs for one heating season. And in the second table - the payback periods of heating systems in comparison with an electric boiler.

Table of the cost of obtaining thermal energy for heating from various types of fuel

Type of fuel	Price per unit, rub.	Cost of heat received 1 kWh, rub.	Typical efficiency of boilers (furnaces),%	The cost of 1 kWh of heat received, taking into account the efficiency, rubles.
Eco-pea coal, kg	3	0,39	0,8	0,48
Main gas, cubic meters	5,04	0,54	0,9	0,60
Dry coniferous firewood (20%), kg	3,9	0,99	0,7	1,41
Heat pump "air-water", kW. **	1,1	1,10		1,10
Pellets, kg	6	1,26	0,8	1,57
Firewood natural moisture, conifers (40%), kg. *	3	1,33	0,7	1,90
Liquefied gas, l.	15,3	2,71	0,9	3,01
Diesel fuel, l.	29	2,86	0,85	3,37
Electricity (day / night) ***	4,11	4,11		4,11

* - taking into account the density of the stacked chopped firewood and the density of the wood itself
** - taking into account the efficiency at average temperatures in the region of -5 ° С, which corresponds to the winter near Moscow
*** - the average value of tariffs for municipalities is taken in proportions of 2/1.

The data in the table is sorted by the cost of heat generated from the combustion of each type of fuel converted to kWh. We deliberately did not sort the list taking into account the efficiency of the boilers, since there may be options. Although the bulk of high-quality boilers for different fuels have an efficiency of 80%. We will also leave aside the issues of convenience of using this or that type of fuel. Of course, the most problem-free here will be electricity, a heat pump, and main gas, albeit to a lesser extent. In other cases, there will be more trouble.

Next, we calculate heating season cost for the Moscow Region, based on a house insulated according to SNiP with an area of ​​100 m 2. We will conventionally assume that it is necessary to actively heat from about November to March (150 days a year). At the same time, with an average temperature difference of 25 degrees (we take the average temperature of all five months as -4 ° C), the total heat loss will be approximately 2.3 kW. Those. per day for heating such a house, you need to spend 55.2 kWh. For the season - ~ 8280 kWh.

Heating season costs for different types fuel for an insulated house 100 m 2

The most profitable fuels are coal and gas. The most expensive is electricity.

Now let's count payback periods of heating systems for different types of fuel... Suppose that the house has water heating with an electric boiler with a capacity of 9 kW (15 thousand rubles). Let's take this as a basic option. To switch to main gas, you need to replace the boiler (15 thousand rubles), install a chimney (30 thousand rubles) and connect to the mains (from 50 to 400 thousand rubles, we used 200 thousand for calculations). To switch to coal, firewood or pellets, you also need to install a chimney and replace the boiler with an appropriate one (40 thousand rubles for a regular one and ~ 80 thousand for a boiler with automatic feeding), plus prepare a storage room. For liquefied gas, among other things, you will need a gas tank with an installation (190 thousand rubles). And for the heat pump - the system itself with the installation (~ 350 thousand rubles). In this case, we will assume that the owner carries out the ash removal and maintenance of the systems on his own.

Payback period of different heating systems in comparison with an electric boiler

Everyone should draw conclusions from this table himself in accordance with his needs and capabilities. We will only make a reservation that for houses with a larger area than we took into account, heating with electricity is inapplicable, since electric boilers with a capacity of 10 kW or more already require connection to a three-phase 380 V. Also, the payback calculations will be slightly different for houses with an area of ​​more than 200 m 2.

Important note! All calculations in the article are given without taking into account ventilation losses, which, for one reason or another, are usually absent in small country houses... If you follow SNiP in this matter, when the air in the room of the configuration in question should be updated approximately once an hour, then the heating costs should be approximately tripled! But in practice, ventilation, if not forgotten, is ensured supply valves and vents, which ultimately can increase the costs shown in the diagram by 1.5 times. Accordingly, this will lead to a decrease in the payback period in the table.