Requirements for storage containers. Organization of a diesel fuel warehouse for a boiler room

For storage of fuels and lubricants, as a rule, special tanks are used, coated from the inside with epoxy resin. These tanks are designed with air circulation in mind - the tanks are equipped with special valves that provide air access, but at the same time, prevent moisture from entering the inside. Some types of fuels and lubricants can be stored in conventional low-carbon steel containers, subject to their modernization. The main requirements are imposed not so much on the composition of the metal from which the tank body is made, but on the structure drainage system... Containers not equipped with silica gel valves should be checked regularly for condensed moisture. Experts recommend placing tanks with fuels and lubricants at a slight slope, with the exception of containers for storing greases.

Cleaning of containers of fuels and lubricants is carried out in order to comply with the rules technical exploitation tanks, improving the quality of petroleum products, preparing for technical diagnostics and repair work.

The reservoirs are cleaned before changing the stored oil product, before preparing the reservoir for repair or anti-corrosion treatment, and before calibrating the reservoirs.

It is necessary to comply with the rules of technical operation, regularly carry out technical control of the tank farm for the timely identification and elimination of detected defects.

Tank cleaning is carrying out gas-hazardous work related to inspection, cleaning, repair, depressurization of technological equipment, incl. work inside containers. Stages of the production of works on cleaning tanks

The traditional technology for cleaning tanks is the process of degreasing surfaces with detergents that belong to the group of flammable liquids (HFL) - acetone, white spirit, kerosene, gasoline, various solvents, etc. The use of flammable liquids is characterized by high fire hazard, environmental hazard and high cost, therefore, most enterprises switched to the use of water-soluble technical detergents (TMS), which include caustic and soda ash, Labomid, Force, Temp.

The currently used traditional technologies are environmentally hazardous, time-consuming, ineffective and extremely expensive. High cost components are large heat and power consumption, significant water consumption, the need for stationary treatment facilities and equipment for the separation of oil products.

To organize a closed waste-free process for the separation of hydrocarbon compounds allows new technology cleaning of fuel and lubricants tanks using the mobile complex MKO-1000. This technology of cleaning (washing) tanks of petroleum storage depots, oil storage facilities, filling stations is based on the use of a technical detergent in a closed cycle, which separates pollution from the inner surfaces of the tank and forms an unstable emulsion with the oil product. The emulsion is subsequently separated into a circulating solution and an oil product, which, after passing through the cleaning system, is returned to the customer, which significantly saves money.

The container (with a stopper) in which the sample is stored should not;

Cause sample contamination;

Absorb or adsorb determined compounds (for example, hydrocarbons can be absorbed in a polyethylene vessel, traces of metals can be adsorbed on the surface of a glass vessel);

React with certain elements contained in the sample (for example, fluoride compounds react with glass].

The use of opaque or tinted glass containers can significantly reduce the effect of light on the sample.

On the day of storage of samples, vessels made of glass or polyethylene with ground-in or tightly screwed caps should be used. It is also allowed to use cork or rubber stoppers if the test sample does not contain mercury, silver, ozone, organic substances and does not require the determination of BOD and COD.

In general, glass containers are washed with water and detergents to remove dust and dirt, degrease with a chromium mixture, thoroughly wash from acid and steam or rinse with distilled water.

When preparing vessels for the subsequent determination of total phosphorus and phosphates, detergents are not used.

When preparing vessels for the subsequent determination of chromium and sulfates, chromium mixture is not used.

Rinse polyethylene vessels with acetone, hydrochloric acid (1: 1). rinsed several times with tap and then distilled will.

Glassware for storing samples of pesticides, oil products and other components, when the entire sample is analyzed, which is at the same time the container of the sampling device, is treated with detergents, distilled water, dried, cooled, then treated with hexane or ether and dried ( the best way- in a stream of purified nitrogen or air). The sample is taken into a dry vessel.

If the sample is filtered prior to transfer to a dry storage vessel, the filters should be rinsed or prepared in accordance with the analytical procedure. Membrane filters should be especially carefully prepared, since metals and organic substances can be sorbed on them, and soluble compounds can be leached from the membrane into the sample.

The exact information and techniques for preparing utensils and equipment should be contained in the analytical procedures. The sampler should be provided with a prepared set of equipment and instructed by the person responsible for the analysis.

Each vessel must be provided with an accompanying document immediately after sampling (see sample passport)

Section Contents

In boiler rooms, closed tanks with a steam cushion should be provided for collecting drainage from steam pipelines, condensate from steam-water heaters and heaters of the heating and ventilation system of the boiler room. When the condensate collection tanks are located in the boiler room or near it, all drains should be directed to these tanks. At the same time, special drainage collection tanks are not provided in the boiler room [1].

In boiler rooms for open heat supply systems and in boiler rooms with installations for centralized hot water supply, as a rule, hot water storage tanks should be provided.

The choice of storage tanks is made in accordance with building codes and regulations for the design of heating networks.

During the feasibility study, storage tanks may not be provided.

As part of water treatment plants for reuse of wash water after clarification filters, it is necessary to provide a tank and pumps for uniform supply of this water together with sediment throughout the day to the lower part of the clarifier. The capacity of the tank must be designed to receive water from two washings.

To collect water after clarifiers, it is necessary to provide tanks with a capacity equal to the total capacity of the clarifiers. When using these tanks and for washing the clarifying filters, the capacity of the tanks should be taken equal to the sum of the hourly performance of the clarifiers and the water consumption for washing the two clarifying filters.

Loosening of filter materials must be provided with flushing water with the installation of a tank for each group of filters for different purposes. If it is impossible to place the tank at a height that provides backwash, a pump should be installed. The useful capacity of the tank should be determined based on the amount of water required for one backwash wash.

The volume of the strong acid measuring tank should be determined from the condition of regeneration of one filter. The volume of the supply tanks for the flocculant should be determined based on the shelf life of the solution stock no more than 20 days.

The number of tanks for milk of lime should be provided for at least two. The concentration of milk of lime in the supply tanks must be taken no more than 5% in terms of CaO.

The height of the tanks for coagulant, sodium chloride, soda ash and phosphates should be taken no more than 2 m, for lime - no more than 1.5 m.When mechanizing loading and unloading of reagents, the height of the tanks can be increased: coagulant, sodium chloride, soda ash and phosphates - up to 3.5 m, lime - up to 2.5 m. The deepening of tanks by more than 2.5 m is not allowed.

As a rule, reagents should be provided with “wet” storage warehouses. With a consumption of reagents up to 3 tons per month, they can be stored dry in closed warehouses.

The storage of the flocculant must be provided in a container and at a temperature not lower than 5 ° C. The storage period must be no more than 6 months.

The capacity of reagent storage warehouses should be taken upon delivery: by road - at the rate of 10-day consumption; by rail - monthly consumption; through pipelines - daily consumption. When delivering reagents by rail, it is necessary to provide for the possibility of receiving one wagon or tank; at the same time, by the time of unloading, a 10-day supply of reagents must be taken into account in the warehouse. The stock of reagents is determined based on the maximum daily consumption.

When designing reagent warehouses, one should take into account the possibility of their cooperation with the central warehouses of enterprises or district maintenance services.

The capacity of tanks for “wet” storage of reagents should be taken at the rate of 1.5 m 3 per 1 ton of dry reagent. In tanks for “wet” storage of coagulant, it is necessary to provide a device for mixing the solution. When tanks for "wet" storage of reagents are located outside the building, devices must be provided to protect the solutions from freezing.

Bunkers for solid fuel should be designed with a smooth inner surface and a shape that allows fuel to be deflated by gravity. The angle of inclination of the walls of the receiving and transfer bunkers for coal should be taken at least 55, for peat and smeared coals - at least 60 °.

The angle of inclination of the walls of the bunkers of boilers, the conical part of the silos , as well as transfer hoses and leaks for coal should be taken at least 60 °, and for peat - at least 65 °. The inner edges of the corners of the bins should be rounded or chamfered. On the bunkers of coal and peat, devices should be provided to prevent fuel sticking.

The capacity of the bunkers (for each boiler) must provide the following fuel reserves at the rated load of the boiler [7]:

• for bituminous coals and ASh ……………………… .. 8 hours;
• for brown coal ... ………………………………… 5 h;
• for milling peat .... ………………………………… .. 3 h.

Receiving tank capacity for liquid fuels, delivered by rail, must ensure, in the event of an emergency stop of the transfer pumps, the intake of fuel for 30 minutes. The calculation of the tank capacity is based on the standard drain time in the summer.

To transfer fuel from the receiving tank to the fuel storage, at least two pumps (both working) must be provided. The pump capacity is selected based on the amount of fuel discharged at one rate and the standard discharge time.

For storage of fuel oil, reinforced concrete tanks (underground and above-ground with backing) should be provided. Application steel tanks storage of fuel oil is allowed only with the permission of the State Construction Committee of the Russian Federation. Steel tanks should be provided for storing light fuel oil and liquid additives.

For ground metal tanks installed in areas with an average head temperature of up to 9 ° C, thermal insulation of non-combustible materials must be provided.

Table 10.4 The capacity of liquid fuel storages, depending on the daily consumption, should be taken according to table. 10.4.

Table 10.4. Standards for determining the size of the storage capacity of liquid fuels

For storage of the main and reserve fuel, at least two tanks should be provided. For storage of emergency fuel, it is allowed to install one tank.

The total capacity of tanks for storing liquid additives is determined by the conditions of their delivery (the capacity of railroad or road tanks), but must be at least 0.5 of the fuel oil storage capacity. The number of tanks is taken at least two.

For built-in and attached individual boiler rooms on liquid fuel, a fuel storage should be provided, located outside the boiler room and heated buildings, with a capacity calculated from the storage conditions of at least five days of fuel consumption, determined for the mode corresponding to the heat load of the boiler room in the coldest month mode. The number of tanks is not limited.

The heating temperature of liquid fuel in railway tanks should be taken for fuel oil grade 40 - 30 ° С, for fuel oil grade 100 - 60 ° С, for light fuel oil - 10 ° С . Heating of fuel delivered in tank cars is not provided. In receiving tanks, trays and pipes through which fuel oil is discharged, devices should be provided to maintain the specified temperatures. In places where liquid fuel is taken from the storage tanks, the temperature of 40-grade fuel oil should be at least 60 ° C, 100-grade fuel oil - not less than 80 ° C, light fuel oil - not less than 10 ° WITH .

For heating fuel in railway tanks, steam with a pressure of 6-10 kgf / cm 2 should be used. Steam with a pressure of 6-10 kgf / cm 2 or high-temperature water with a temperature of at least 120C can be used to heat fuel oil in heaters, fuel storage tanks, receiving tanks and drain trays.

For liquid fuel of built-in and attached boiler houses, if it is necessary to heat it in external tanks, the coolant of the same boiler houses is used.

To maintain the temperature of the fuel oil in the storage tanks, a circulation heating system should be used. During circulation heating of fuel oil, an independent scheme can be used, providing for the installation of special pumps and heaters, or heaters and pumps for supplying fuel oil to the boiler room can be used.

The choice of the method of circulation heating of fuel oil is made on the basis of a comparison of the technical and economic indicators of the options.

Coil heaters are installed in tanks only at the point where fuel oil is taken. To heat fuel oil to the temperature required by the conditions of combustion in the furnaces of boilers, at least two heaters should be provided, including one backup.

Fuel supply to the tanks should be provided below the fuel level.

The supply of fuel oil to the boiler houses should be provided according to the circulation scheme, and the supply of light fuel oil according to the dead-end scheme. The number of pumps for supplying fuel to boilers should be taken for boiler houses of the first category at least three, including one - a reserve one, for boiler houses of the second category - at least two, without a reserve one.

The capacity of the fuel supply pumps must be at least 110 of the maximum hourly fuel consumption when all boilers are operating according to the circulation scheme and at least 100% according to the dead-end scheme.

In boiler rooms (but not above boilers or economizers) of stand-alone boiler rooms, it is allowed to provide for the installation of closed supply tanks for liquid fuel with a capacity of not more than 5 m 3 for fuel oil and 1 m 3 for light fuel oil. For built-in and attached individual boiler rooms, the total capacity of the supply tanks installed in the boiler room should not exceed 0.8 m 3. When installing these tanks in boiler rooms, one should be guided by building codes and regulations for the design of warehouses for oil and oil products.

The heating temperature of fuel oil in the supply tanks installed in the boiler room should not exceed 90 ° C. Heating up light fuel oil in supply tanks is not allowed.

It is allowed to provide for the installation of fuel tanks in rooms attached to boiler houses. In this case, the total capacity of fuel tanks should be no more than 150 m 3 - for fuel oil and 50 m 3 - for light fuel oil. The installation of fuel supply pumps to burners and fuel heaters in these cases should be provided in the boiler room.

When connecting a boiler room to dead-end water supply networks, a water storage tank should be provided for the period of liquidation of the accident in accordance with building codes and rules for the design of external networks and water supply facilities.

Diesel fuel (diesel fuel) is a flammable substance. Thus, the rules for storing fuel are strictly regulated taking into account the fire safety requirements (GOST 305-82).

The explosive concentration of diesel vapors is 2-3% (by volume). Thus, the maximum permissible concentration of vapors in the air is 300 mg / m3.

In order to prevent the ingress of vapors into the air of the working room, all equipment must be sealed. In the premises where diesel fuel is stored and operated, the use of open fire is prohibited, and lighting devices must be used in an explosion-proof version.

The rules for storing diesel fuel do not allow the use of tools that generate a spark upon impact when working with it. Tanks in which fuel is stored or transported must be protected from the possibility of formation and accumulation static electricity.

Diesel storage tank requirements

The best options for storing diesel fuel are. They are made from modern materials that do not accumulate static electricity meet the basic requirements for such containers, such as:

• tightness;
• prevention of fuel evaporation;
• prevention of stored fuel contact with other substances;
• preventing water from entering the fuel;
• the presence of breathing valves (for containers of large volumes).

Plastic containers are designed for storage of diesel fuel at temperatures from -40 ° C to + 50 ° C. The containers are produced in different options performance (underground and surface), in their production, additives are used that ensure the resistance of the material to the effects of oil products, moisture, sunlight and other natural factors.

Requirements for the installation of plastic containers for diesel fuel

Design and assembly work regulated by SNiP 2.11.03-93. The tank for diesel fuel must be installed on a solid foundation and securely fixed; the filling of underground tanks should be carried out with parallel filling of the tank with water to prevent deformation under the influence of soil pressure.

All installation work should be carried out with the participation of representatives of specialized organizations, which will ensure full compliance with all requirements and rules. The place of installation must be provided with free access for vehicles for refueling the tank and emergency pumping of fuel in emergency situations. The installation site must be equipped with a panel with the necessary fire safety equipment.

By observing all the requirements for storing fuel, you will ensure the reliable and safe operation of a gas station, power plant, boiler house or other production process in which diesel fuel is used.

GOST R 53210-2008

Group D08

NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

COMBINED CONTAINERS

General specifications

Composite containers. General specifications

OKS 55.020
OKP 31 7700

Introduction date 2010-01-01

Foreword

Objectives and principles of standardization in Russian Federation established by the Federal Law of December 27, 2002 N 184-FZ "On technical regulation", and the rules for the application of national standards of the Russian Federation - GOST R 1.0-2004 "Standardization in the Russian Federation. Basic provisions"

Information about the standard

1 DEVELOPED AND INTRODUCED by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 273 "Composite materials and products from them"

2 APPROVED AND PUT INTO EFFECT by the Order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology of December 25, 2008 N 699-st

3 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME


Information about changes to this standard is published in the annually published information index "National standards", and the text of changes and amendments - in the monthly published information indexes "National standards". In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this standard, the corresponding notice will be published in the monthly published information index "National standards". Relevant information, notice and texts are also posted in the information system. common use- on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet

1 area of ​​use

1 area of ​​use

This standard applies to containers with a capacity from 0.45 to 1.5 m, having a combined (composite) structure, intended for storage and transportation by rail, water and road transport (in direct and mixed traffic) of bulk and liquid cargo, loaded under pressure or by gravity (hereinafter - containers).

The standard does not apply to soft containers.

2 Normative references

This standard uses normative references to the following standards:

GOST R 1.12-2004 Standardization in the Russian Federation. Terms and Definitions

GOST R 50460-92 Conformity mark for mandatory certification. Shape, dimensions and technical requirements

GOST R 50798-95 Distinctive sign Vehicle involved in international road traffic. Types and sizes. Technical requirements

GOST R 51760-2001 Polymer consumer containers. General specifications

GOST R 51827-2001 Container. Leak tightness and hydraulic pressure test methods

GOST R 52202-2004 (ISO 830-99) Freight containers. Terms and Definitions

GOST 2.601-2006 one system design documentation. Operational documents

GOST 9.303-84 Unified system of protection against corrosion and aging. Metallic and non-metallic inorganic coatings. General requirements to the choice

GOST 12.0.001-82 Occupational safety standards system. Basic Provisions

GOST 12.1.004-91 Occupational safety standards system. General requirements

GOST 9330-76 Basic connections of parts made of wood and wood materials. Types and sizes

GOST 14192-96 Marking of goods

GOST 16504-81 System of state product testing. Product testing and quality control. Basic terms and definitions

GOST 17527-2003 Packaging. Terms and Definitions

GOST 19433-88 Dangerous goods. Classification and labeling

GOST 21140-88 Container. Dimension system

GOST 26319-84 Dangerous goods. Package

Note - When using this standard, it is advisable to check the validity of the reference standards in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet or according to the annually published information index "National Standards", which was published as of January 1 of the current year and according to the relevant monthly information signs published in the current year. If the reference standard is replaced (changed), then when using this standard, the replacing (modified) standard should be followed. If the reference standard is canceled without replacement, then the provision in which the reference to it is given applies to the extent not affecting this reference.

3 Terms and definitions

In this standard, the terms according to GOST R 1.12, GOST 16504, GOST R 52076 *, GOST R 52202 and GOST 17527 are used, as well as the following terms with the corresponding definitions:
________________
* On the territory of the Russian Federation, GOST 31314.3-2006 is in force. - Note from the manufacturer of the database.

3.1 combined container: Rigid structure, consisting of a container, equipped with operating devices or without them, enclosed in a supporting frame.

3.2 frame: Collapsible design that protects the container from static and dynamic loads arising from lifting, loading, stacking, securing and transporting the container.

3.3 capacity: The internal volume of the container (container), determined by its internal dimensions without taking into account the filling of the necks and cavities of the operating devices.

4 Classification, basic parameters and dimensions

4.1 Containers are manufactured with a capacity of 0.45 to 1.5 m.

4.2 Types of containers, their symbols, depending on the materials used for the manufacture of the container and frame, are shown in Table 1.


Table 1

4.3 Loading capacity of containers, maximum net mass, maximum gross mass are set in technical documentation on containers for specific types of products.

4.4 The container symbol includes:

- the name of the container;

- designation of the container type;

- nominal outer dimensions of the container, m;

- the maximum permissible stacking load, kg;

- carrying capacity, kg;

- designation of this standard or technical documentation for containers for a specific type of product (if any).

An example of a symbol for a combined container (steel frame and a container made of polymer material) for bulk cargo unloaded by gravity; nominal external dimensions 1.0x1.0x1.0 m, lifting capacity 1500 kg, with a maximum permissible stacking load of 5500 kg:

Combined container 11 HA 1.0x1.0x1.0 / 1500/5500 - GOST R 53210-2008

5 General technical requirements

5.1 Containers are manufactured in accordance with the requirements of this standard for technical documentation for containers for specific types of products.

It is allowed, upon agreement with the customer, to manufacture containers according to reference samples.

5.2 Construction requirements

5.2.1 The design of the container should ensure the safety of the cargo under specified operating conditions and convenience Maintenance and repair.

5.2.2 It is not allowed to use containers without a frame. Loading and unloading of polymer containers is carried out without removing them from the frame.

5.2.3 The supporting surface of containers for which stacking is envisaged shall ensure the stability of the stack.

5.2.4 Structural elements of the container frame must not damage polymer containers during operation.

5.2.5 The frame of the container can have a non-removable or removable pallet, which is used for mechanized loading and / or unloading of the container.

Fork pockets are not allowed on plastic containers.

5.2.6 Containers intended for the transport of goods under pressure must be equipped with safety devices.

The safety devices must be fully open at a pressure not exceeding the test pressure in order to prevent the build-up of excessive internal pressure.

5.2.7 For any container locking device that, when unclosed, could lead to a hazardous situation, it shall be possible to lock it by means of a manual drive and indicate the operating position.

5.2.8 The design of containers should provide for the possibility of their sealing.

5.2.9 The containers must retain their operational characteristics after being kept for two hours at a temperature not lower than plus (60 ± 2) ° С and / or not higher than minus (50 ± 2) ° С.

5.2.10 The dimensions of containers, taking into account the requirements of GOST 21140, are established in the technical documentation for containers for specific types of products.

5.2.11 Coatings are selected in accordance with the requirements of GOST 9.303, depending on the type of material from which the containers are made.

5.3 Requirements for liner containers

5.3.1 Designed openings of containers (with the exception of those equipped with safety devices to relieve excess pressure) must have locking devices to prevent loss of cargo.

5.3.2 Openings of containers located below the upper level of the packed cargo must have locking devices with a manual drive, as well as, in order to avoid accidental leaks, additional closing elements on the outer side of the locking device (plugs, blind flanges on bolts, etc.).

5.3.3 The wall thickness of the container is set based on the specific purpose of the container and compliance with the structural strength requirements specified in this standard.

For metal containers, the wall thickness is set at least 1.5 mm.

5.3.4 Metal containers intended for liquids shall be of a welded structure.

5.3.5 For containers made of aluminum alloys, it is not allowed to use removable parts (lids, closures, etc.) made of steel without a protective corrosion-resistant coating (to avoid contact corrosion).

5.3.6 Tanks assembled with operating devices and closed necks must be airtight.

5.3.7 Tanks intended for goods loaded (unloaded) under pressure must withstand hydraulic pressure tests.

The test pressure is set in the technical documentation for containers for specific types of products in the range from:

- the value obtained by multiplying the factor 1.75 by the vapor pressure at the temperature of the substance being carried 50 ° C minus 100 kPa;

- the value obtained by multiplying the factor 1.5 by the vapor pressure at a temperature of the substance transported 55 ° C minus 100 kPa to 500 kPa.

5.3.8 Regardless of the results of the calculation, the test pressure should be not less than:

- 250 kPa - for containers of types 21AZ, 21BZ, 21NZ, 31AZ, 31BZ;

- 100 kPa - for containers of types 21AZ, 21BZ, 21NZ, 31NZ;

- 75 kPa - for containers of types 21HZ, 31HZ;

- 250 kPa - for containers used for the transportation of dangerous goods of packing group I;

- 100 kPa - for containers used for the transportation of goods of packing groups II and III.

5.4 Requirements for the frame of the container

5.4.1 The design of the container should ensure that there are no concentrated loads in any part of the container.

5.4.2 When using a removable pallet, the supporting frame must be securely fastened to the pallet with fasteners.

5.4.3 The design of the frame should ensure its assembly and disassembly within the limits necessary to ensure the maintenance of the container.

5.4.4 The types and methods of connection of individual component parts of the frame are indicated in the technical documentation for containers for specific types of products, taking into account the conditions according to 5.4.1.

5.4.5 Structural elements for lifting the container during loading and unloading operations shall be provided in the frame structure.

Not allowed to lift wooden frames for the upper part or install structural elements to lift them from the upper part.

5.5 Requirements for operational devices of containers

5.5.1 The design of containers should provide for locking, safety or other operational devices to ensure the safe operation of containers.

5.5.2 Operational devices are located and secured in such a way that they cannot be damaged during operation.

Operating devices can be protected by covers or casings.

5.5.3 Locking devices should be secured against accidental opening and their "open" or "closed" positions should be secured and easily distinguishable.

5.5.4 For containers used for the transportation and storage of liquid cargo, additional sealing of the discharge opening with a screw cap or similar device shall be provided.

5.5.5 Safety devices under normal operating conditions of the container should have a minimum throughput air not lower than 0.05 m / s (at an absolute pressure of 100 kPa and a temperature of 15 ° C).

5.5.6 Operating devices of containers, incl. necks, unloading and locking devices must have inscriptions indicating their purpose.

Each safety device must clearly indicate the pressure to which it is set.

5.5.7 Containers intended for the transport of liquids must have a device for the release of a sufficient amount of steam in order to prevent the container from bursting.

The response pressure shall not exceed 65 kPa and shall not be less than the test pressure specified in 5.3.7 and 5.3.8.

5.6 Requirements for the mechanical strength of containers

5.6.1 Containers must withstand the internal pressure of the cargo loaded up to the maximum permissible gross weight, as well as the loads that occur under the specified loading and unloading conditions.

5.6.2 Containers must withstand the effect of the inertial forces of the cargo contained in them arising during transportation as a result of traffic.

The impact of inertial forces in the longitudinal, transverse and vertical directions should be taken equal to 2 ·, where is the maximum permissible gross mass of the container, kg; - constant value of gravitational acceleration equal to 9.8 m / s.

These loads are taken into account as evenly distributed, acting through the geometric center of the container and not increasing the pressure in the vapor space of the container.

5.6.3 Containers shall withstand free fall impact tests without breaking or leaking.

5.6.4 Containers must withstand the loads arising from loading and unloading operations (when lifting from the top and / or bottom).

5.6.5 Containers must withstand the loads arising from stacking, which are set in the technical documentation for containers for specific types of products.

5.7 Material requirements

5.7.1 The requirements for the materials used for the manufacture of containers are established in the technical documentation for containers for specific types of products, taking into account the following requirements.

5.7.2 Metal containers of containers are made of materials that meet the following requirements:

- for steel and its alloys: the relative elongation at rupture in percent should not exceed (but not less than 20%);

- for aluminum alloys: the relative elongation at rupture in percent should not exceed (but not less than 8%),

where is the guaranteed minimum tensile strength of the metal used, N / mm.

In the case of austenitic steels, the specified minimum value can be increased by 15%.

5.7.3 The samples used to determine the elongation at break should be taken in the transverse direction to the rental in such a way that

where is the length of the metal sample before testing, mm;

- diameter, mm;

- cross-sectional area of ​​the test specimen, mm.

5.7.4 Polymeric materials used for the manufacture of containers must be resistant to aging and deterioration under the influence of the product being packaged and ultraviolet radiation.

5.7.5 For the manufacture of polymer containers, used polymer materials should not be used, with the exception of waste obtained in the production process.

5.7.6 The wood used in the manufacture of containers must be dry. The moisture content of wood, depending on the purpose of the container, is indicated in the technical documentation for containers for specific types of products. The wood must be free from defects that reduce the strength characteristics of the container.

The details of the container structure must be made of solid wood or blockboard assembled with joints of types K-1 - K-6 in accordance with GOST 9330 on glue or using corrugated metal plates (clips).

5.7.7 Plywood used for the manufacture of container containers must be water-resistant three-layer of peeled, sliced ​​or sawn veneer. Defects of plywood that reduce the strength of the container are not allowed.

For the manufacture of container capacity, it is allowed to use other materials of strength not lower than those indicated.

5.7.8 In the manufacture of containers from wood materials, water-resistant solid wood-fiber or particle boards or other similar wood materials are used.

5.7.9 The materials used for the manufacture of container containers must be chemically resistant to the effects of the packed cargo or have an inert coating or lining (insert) made of polymer film or moisture-resistant paper (waxed, bituminous or laminated with polyethylene).

5.7.10 Materials and products used for the manufacture of containers for containers in contact with food, medicinal or cosmetic products must be approved for use by the sanitary and epidemiological surveillance authorities of the Russian Federation.

5.7.11 The resistance of polymeric materials to ultraviolet radiation should be ensured by the addition of carbon black, pigments or inhibitors.

The additives used must be compatible with the goods packed in containers.

5.8 Completeness

5.8.1 Containers are delivered in sets.

5.8.2 The set, as agreed with the customer, includes special connecting elements or branch pipes required when filling containers.

5.8.3 The set must include operational documents in accordance with GOST 2.601.

5.9 Marking

5.9.1 A corrosion-resistant material tag is affixed to each container with identification data.

5.9.2 Methods of marking: branding; embossing; etching; percussion or other ways. Paint markings are not permitted.

5.9.3 Marking must contain:

- the name of the manufacturer and (or) its trademark;

- the inscription "Made in Russia" or the country code "RUS", or the distinctive sign of vehicles participating in international road traffic in accordance with GOST R 50798 (for containers used in international traffic);

- container owner code, consisting of three capital letters, registered with the International Bureau of Containers or through a domestic registration organization;

- symbol of the container in accordance with this standard;



- symbolic designation of the packing group of dangerous goods ("X" - for containers of packing groups I, II and III, only for bulk goods; "Y" - for containers of groups II and III; "Z" - for containers of packing group III) according to GOST 26319 for containers intended for the transport of dangerous goods;

- month and year of manufacture;

- UN graphic symbol for shipping containers.

For restored containers, the labeling must contain:

- the name of the restorer (abbreviated or code), if the restoration was carried out by an enterprise that was not the manufacturer of the container;

- year of restoration;

- the letter "R", if the container has undergone restoration;

- the letter "L" if the container was subjected to a leakproofness test.

The need for additional marking according to Table 2 is provided for in the technical documentation for containers for specific types of products.

Notes (edit)

1 Where markings are stamped or embossed, the symbol "UN" may be used in place of the UN graphic for overpacks.

2 A container made of polymeric materials is labeled with an eco-label and information on the possibility of recycling.


table 2

5.9.4 Depending on the cargo being packed, the container may be marked with handling signs and inscriptions in accordance with GOST 14192 and GOST 19433 in accordance with the technical documentation for containers for specific types of products.

5.10 Packaging

The containers are delivered without packaging.

Shipping documentation, as well as operational documents according to 5.8.3 are packed in a plastic wrap bag.

Removable and spare parts of containers are packed in individual containers securely attached to the frame of the container in the place indicated in the drawings for the container for a specific type of product.

6 Safety and environmental requirements

6.1 In the manufacture of containers, safety rules in accordance with GOST 12.0.001, fire safety rules in accordance with GOST 12.1.004, as well as standard safety rules for industrial enterprises are observed.

6.2 During the manufacture of containers, the likelihood of contamination must be excluded. environment production waste.

Waste that is not suitable for recycling, as well as containers that are not suitable for further use, must be disposed of.

7 Acceptance rules

7.1 Containers are accepted individually or in lots.

To control the quality of container containers, tests are carried out according to table 3.


Table 3

7.2 The marking, completeness and dimensions are checked for each container.

A leak test is carried out on each container intended for packaging liquids.

This test is carried out after the manufacture or restoration of the container, and then every 2.5 years.

Tests of other parameters are carried out on samples of containers of each type.

7.3 The number of samples and the order of sampling are determined in the technical documentation for specific types of containers.

7.4 Containers selected for testing are labeled with:

- container symbol in accordance with the requirements of this standard;

- the name of the manufacturer;

- batch numbers;

- batch size;

- date of manufacture (month, year);

- dates of sampling;

- places of sampling;

- the number of samples;

- the surname and initials of the person who took the samples.

8 Test methods

8.1 Test requirements

8.1.1 For the free fall impact test and the stacking strength test, containers are filled with the cargo for which they are intended to be transported.

It is allowed to fill containers with an overall weight equivalent having physical properties, similar to the properties of the packed cargo, if this does not affect the reliability of the test results.

It is allowed to use additives (steel, cast iron shot or similar) to achieve the required net weight of the load, if this does not affect the reliability of the test results.

8.1.2 If, during the free fall impact test, a different (replacement) cargo is used to fill the container, then it must have the same density and viscosity as the cargo for which the container is intended to be transported.

It is allowed to fill containers with water or water with antifreeze.

8.1.3 It is allowed to carry out random tests for those containers that, in comparison with already tested containers of the same type, have insignificant differences (for example, slightly smaller nominal dimensions).

8.1.4 For the impact test during free fall and stacking, containers intended for liquid cargo are filled with liquid to 98%, for bulk cargo - with bulk cargo to 95% of the capacity.

8.1.5 The temperature of containers made of polymeric materials and the cargo contained in them during the impact test during free fall is reduced to minus 18 ° C, if there are no other instructions in the technical documentation for containers for specific goods.

8.1.6 When testing chemical resistance, only container containers may be used.

It is allowed to use samples of containers of smaller overall dimensions for testing for chemical resistance, made of the same material and according to the same technology as the container under test.

8.1.7 The time and parameters of conditioning before testing samples of containers made of polymeric materials are set in the technical documentation for containers for specific types of products.

8.2 Tests for chemical resistance

8.2.1 To control the chemical resistance of the materials from which the containers are made to the effect of the goods being packed, the samples of containers are filled with the goods being packed and kept.

This test is carried out when testing the design of containers.

8.2.2 The chemical resistance of polymer containers is controlled in accordance with GOST R 51760.

The change in the size of samples made of polymeric materials should not exceed ± 3% within 28 days and ± 5% within 6 months.

The loss of mass of the cargo should not exceed 0.5% within 28 days at a temperature of (20 ± 2) ° С and 3% at the same temperature within 6 months.

8.2.3 It is allowed to establish other requirements and test parameters in the technical documentation for containers for specific types of products, depending on the material of the container and the type of cargo to be packed.

8.3 Control of appearance, quality of assembly, marking, completeness

8.3.1 Appearance, the marking and completeness of containers are checked visually without the use of magnifying devices, by comparison with working drawings and control standards (if any), approved in the prescribed manner.

8.4 Control of geometric dimensions and wall thickness

To check the dimensions and wall thickness, the container is installed in the operational position on a flat horizontal surface.

Control is carried out by methods and using measuring tool provided in the technical documentation for containers for specific types of products.

8.5 Controlling capacity and lifting capacity

8.5.1 When determining the capacity, the container is filled with water up to the beginning of the neck, pouring water at a temperature of (20 ± 5) ° С from a measuring container.

Operating devices must be removed, and their connection points are hermetically sealed.

8.5.2 The maximum permissible gross mass of a container is determined by multiplying the total capacity by the highest density of the cargo from those provided for packing, followed by the addition of the empty container mass.

The maximum carrying capacity of the tested container is determined by the formula

where is the maximum permissible gross weight of the container, kg;

- empty container weight, kg.

8.5.3 To determine the total capacity, the container, complete with operating devices, is filled with water according to 8.5.1 before water overflows through the neck.

8.6 Base lifting test

8.6.1 Testing

The tests are carried out on all containers designed to be lifted by the base.

The tests are carried out to verify the ability of the container to withstand the loads that arise when it is lifted with lifting devices.

8.6.2 Preparing the container for testing

The container must be loaded so that its gross weight is 1.25 times the maximum permissible gross weight, and the load must be evenly distributed.

8.6.3 Testing

The container is raised and lowered twice by a loader with the introduction of a fork in the center by 3/4 of the width of the base (if the insertion points of the forks are not defined).

The forks should be inserted in the direction of the insertion of the jaws. If there are several directions of input, then the capture is introduced from all directions.

8.6.4 After testing, there shall be no loss of contents, permanent deformations or malfunctions leading to the unsuitability of the container for further use.

8.7 Top lift test

8.7.1 Test conditions

The tests are carried out on all containers in which the frame is designed to be lifted from the top.

The tests are carried out to verify the ability of containers to withstand the loads arising from being lifted with a vertical application of forces, as well as the ability of containers to withstand the loads arising from lifting with the application of forces at an angle of 45 ° to the vertical.

These tests are also used to check the ability of containers to withstand the loads resulting from the acceleration forces during lifting.

8.7.2 Test preparation

Containers are loaded so that their gross mass is twice the maximum permissible gross mass. The load must be evenly distributed.

The container is lifted so that no acceleration or deceleration occurs.

8.7.3 Testing

Containers lift:

- using a pair of diagonally located load-gripping devices so that the lifting force acts vertically, and is held in this position for 5 minutes;

- using a pair of diagonally located load handling devices so that the forces applied through the slings act at an angle of 45 ° to the vertical towards the center, and hold the container in this position for 5 minutes.

8.7.4 After completion of the tests, the following are not allowed: loss of contents, permanent deformations or malfunctions leading to the unsuitability of the container for further use.

8.8 Stacking strength test

8.8.1 Test conditions

The tests are carried out on all containers designed to be stackable in use.

8.8.2 Preparation and execution of controls

The container must be filled to the maximum permissible gross weight.

8.8.3 Testing

8.8.3.1 The container is installed on a horizontal rigid surface and subjected to a uniformly distributed load for at least:

- 5 min - for containers with a metal frame;

- 28 days at plus 40 ° С - for containers with a polymer frame;

- 24 hours - for other containers.

8.8.3.2 The following are used as the load:

- one or more containers of the same type, which are loaded up to the maximum permissible gross weight;

- evenly distributed weights of the appropriate mass are placed on a simulated container base plate or support placed on the container under test.

8.8.4 Calculation of the test load

The mass of the cargo to be installed on the container must be at least 1.8 times the maximum permissible design load when stacking.

8.8.5 After the test, the following are not allowed: loss of contents, permanent deformations or malfunctions leading to the unsuitability of the container for further use.

8.9 Leak test

8.9.1 Tests are carried out in accordance with GOST R 51827 with the following additions:

- tests are carried out for containers (complete with all operational devices) intended for the transportation of liquids or bulk cargo, loaded or unloaded under pressure;

- tests are carried out for at least 10 minutes with compressed air at a constant gauge pressure of at least 20 kPa (or at a pressure of at least 0.25 of the permissible working pressure);

- all openings provided in operating devices must be plugged;

- during the test, there should be no air leakage in the joints of operating devices, welded seams of containers and other parts of containers.

8.9.2 After completion of the tests, the following are not allowed: loss of contents, permanent deformations or malfunctions leading to the unsuitability of the container for further use.

8.10 Hydraulic pressure test

8.10.1 Tests are carried out in accordance with GOST R 51827 with the following additions:

- tests are carried out on containers (complete with all operational devices) intended for the transportation of liquids or bulk cargo, loaded or unloaded under pressure;

- three sample containers are tested;

- tests are carried out for at least 10 minutes with the application of a test pressure not lower than that specified in 5.3.7 and 5.3.8 of this standard.

8.11 Free fall impact test

8.11.1 Test method

The containers are dropped onto a rigid, level horizontal striking platform so that the point of impact is at the most vulnerable part of the base of the container.

Each drop can use the same or different containers.

8.11.2 The drop height when tested for impact with free fall of containers intended for bulk, viscous goods or liquids with a density of not more than 1.2 g / cm, as well as when replacing liquids with water, must be at least 0.8 m.

The drop height when tested for impact with free fall of containers intended for liquids with a density of more than 1.2 g / cm3, when replacing the packed liquid with water (or water with the addition of antifreeze), must be at least 0.67 m.

8.11.3 During the tests, the loss of the contents from the container is not allowed.

After the completion of the tests, the following are not allowed: loss of contents, permanent deformations or malfunctions leading to the unsuitability of the container for further use.

8.12 Heating and cooling tests

The tests are carried out prior to the free fall test.

Samples of containers are placed in a climatic chamber, the temperature is set sequentially to plus (60 ± 2) ° С and minus (50 ± 2) ° С, depending on the type of tests. The samples are kept in the chamber for two hours at each temperature.

Then the samples are removed from the chamber and kept at room temperature for 30 minutes, then the samples are examined and their dimensions are controlled.

9 Rules for registration of control results

The results of the control are recorded in the journal or drawn up in a protocol containing:

- name and address of the organization that conducted the tests;

- name and address of the applicant organization;

- individual number of the test report;

- name of the container manufacturer;

- symbol of the container according to this standard;

- a description of the container design (purpose, operating devices, etc.), including the name of the container material and the method of its manufacture (for example, molding, blowing, etc.), as well as working drawings and / or photographs;

- number and volume of the batch;

- the date of manufacture of the container;

- date of receipt of containers for testing;

- date of drawing up the test report;

- signatures of the persons who conducted the tests;

- Conditioning conditions of samples (during conditioning);

- test conditions;

- characteristics of the cargo used for testing (viscosity, density - for liquids, particle sizes - for bulk substances);

- types of test benches and numbers of certificates of test benches;

- types, brands and date of verification of control devices;

- the number of samples tested;

- capacity, m;

- the test methods used;

- any deviations from these test methods;

- record of test results with all explanations and remarks;

- designation of this standard;

- number and date of the sanitary and epidemiological conclusion for containers intended for the transportation and storage of food products, medicines and cosmetics.

10 Transport and storage

10.1 Containers are transported in accordance with the rules for the carriage of goods in force for specific modes of transport.

11 Operating instructions

11.1 The conditions and methods of operation of containers must comply with those specified in the operational documentation (taking into account their specific purpose, the type of cargo to be packed and the conditions of transportation).

11.2 Organizations using containers must fully comply with the requirements for their filling, washing, loading and unloading, transportation and storage.

11.3 Fastening of foreign parts and technological equipment to containers is not allowed.

11.4 Sequential filling of containers is not allowed different kinds products without preliminary rinsing of containers.

12 Manufacturer's Warranties

12.1 The manufacturer must guarantee the compliance of containers with the requirements of this standard, subject to the rules of operation, transportation and storage.

12.2 The warranty periods for storage and operation of containers are established in the technical documentation for containers for specific types of products.



Electronic text of the document
prepared by Kodeks CJSC and verified by:
official publication
M .: Standartinform, 2010