The better to insulate the walls of the country house. How to insulate a country house quickly, simply and with a minimum budget

Warming country house as is necessary in view of the fact that most buildings located outside the city are heated not from the central heating system, or boilers running on gas, but using solid fuel boilers, or conventional heating stoves.

Such heating is efficient but laborious. In order for the resulting thermal energy was used as efficiently as possible, it is necessary to take care of the walls of the country house. The best way to do this will be discussed in this article.

From this material, you will find out where it is worth insulating the dacha - from the outside, or from the inside. An answer will also be given to the question: "What kind of insulation to choose?" We will consider such materials for home insulation with our own hands such as mineral wool, extruded polystyrene foam, penoizol and foil-clad penofol.

1 Where is it better to insulate: from the inside or outside?

Immediately it is worth making a reservation that if you want to equip as much as possible effective insulation country house with, then the required result can be obtained only through its comprehensive insulation. Especially when it comes to insulating a country house made of wood with your own hands.

There are a lot of ways of losing heat in a house with low thermal insulation. These are windows, attic floors, doorways, and walls.

But there are often cases when the budget of a summer cottage thermal insulation project allows you to choose only insulation from the outside or from the inside of the house. Let's figure out which option in this case is better to give preference.

To be able to easily understand all of the following, you first need to understand the concept of thermal inertia. For example, a brick-built summer cottage stands under the sun's rays during a summer day at an air temperature of +35 degrees.

During this time, the brick walls warm up so much that the warmth of the walls will be felt even 3-4 hours after sunset.

Based on this, a brick is a material with high thermal conductivity, just like - it absorbs the sun's rays for a long time, increasing its temperature, and with decreasing temperature environment it also gives its heat back for a long time.

1.1 Insulation of the walls of the summer cottage exclusively from the inside of the house

In construction, there is one key rule, which is formulated as: "the design of the external structure (walls) of the house, the layers of the wall should be arranged in order of decreasing their thermal insulation and increasing vapor barrier properties from the outside to the inside of the building." That is, the outer contour of the walls should have the lowest thermal conductivity.

If a layer of heat-insulating material, contrary to these requirements, is located inside the house, then both points of this rule will be violated. Of course, wall insulation from the inside will give a quite tangible result, but the indoor microclimate will suffer significantly.

There is a great risk that the indicators of humidity and dampness of the air in the house will increase significantly, due to the unnaturally high vapor barrier, which is facilitated by most types of heat-insulating, especially foil-clad materials.

Internal insulation of the walls of the summer cottage, as a rule, is done by hand by installing heat-insulating material on the surface of the walls, and then lining it with plasterboard.

This technology is often performed incorrectly, as well as, since one of the key factors that must be adhered to so that the internal insulation with your own hands does not bring all of the above problems is the strongest adhesion of the heat insulator to the wall and a tight connection of the joints.

This is important because of the high thermal inertia of the brick wall. For 5-10 days of serious subzero temperatures the outer surface of the walls of the house will cool down very much, and the brick will turn into a serious source of cold, working to cool the inside of the house, which has a higher temperature, and, as a result, provokes heat exchange.

If you insulate the wall inside the house with your own hands, then it is very important that the thermal insulation is made as tightly and monolithic as possible, since any gaps in the joints of the thermal insulation material with the wall and between themselves will contribute to the appearance of cold bridges.

The cold bridge is a place that has a higher thermal conductivity than the main part of the house structure. Cold bridges are a serious reason for the decrease in the effectiveness of wall insulation, even if it is made using the highest quality thermal insulation materials.

If cold bridges appear, then a brick or wooden wall of the summer cottage will give off cold through the insulation (even if it is), as a result of which the layer of drywall with which it is faced will be cooled.

When drywall is cooled below the dew point temperature, due to the temperature difference, moisture will condense on it, which will eventually turn into mold or mildew. This situation happens especially often with the corners of the most poorly heated rooms.

In order for the internal insulation of a country house not to bring more disadvantages than advantages, it is necessary to strictly follow the following recommendations:

The optimal insulation for insulating walls from the inside is foil-clad heat-insulating material of the type of foam, it is best that the foiling is done on both sides. Double-sided foiling significantly reduces heat transfer between the cold wall and the facing material, as a result of which condensation is either minimal or does not form at all;
Arrangement of a thick facing layer c. If drywall is used, then its optimal thickness should be about 5 centimeters. Such a cladding, due to its size, will prevent intensive cooling of the air inside the room due to freezing of the walls in winter period, even if cold bridges are present.

1.2 Insulation of the walls of the summer cottage from the outside

External wall insulation is one of the most common and versatile options for partial thermal insulation of a country house with your own hands. And, in fact, the only correct option.

Low thermal conductivity of heaters contributes to the maintenance of optimal internal temperature brick, or wooden wall, throughout the cold season.

The wall will not freeze due to the fact that from the outside the penetration of cold is prevented by the insulation, and from the inside the wall is heated by warm air.

For example, in practice, this plus, given our knowledge of the thermal inertia of walls, results in the following. After opening the window to ventilate the house on a cold winter morning, you will receive instant heating of the air that has got inside the house, since the heated walls will give off their heat to the inside of the house.

As a result, even if the window is open for an hour, the temperature in the house will drop by a maximum of 2-3 degrees. A similar ventilation, when the insulation is located outside the walls of the house, is likely to provoke a decrease in the temperature of the house by 7-8 degrees.

An additional advantage of high-quality external thermal insulation, provided that the insulation is mounted as tightly as possible and covered with a layer of plaster and external cladding, is the complete absence of any convection of air, cold bridges and drafts.

2 Types of insulation

Question: "What kind of insulation to choose?" it is very multifaceted, moreover, each individual case requires an individual choice, and it is impossible to say for sure which insulation is objectively the best. Let's look at the basic requirements that a really high-quality insulation must meet.

Thermal insulation properties. The higher the thermal insulation characteristics of the material, the thinner the cladding layer will be, as a result of which both finances and free space will be saved.
Hydrophobicity The length of the ego's life directly depends on how much the heat insulator absorbs moisture. The presence of internal moisture contributes to the accelerated destruction of the insulation. It is important that the material is water-repellent.
Refractoriness. High-quality insulation should not burn and be self-extinguishing.
Lifetime. It is important that over time the insulation does not decompose, does not lose its thermal insulation properties, microorganisms, midges and rodents do not start in it.
Security. This factor acquires maximum significance when it comes to materials for thermal insulation of a country house from the inside. Insulation should not have any negative effect on the human body;
Soundproofing. High-quality insulation, as a rule, has good sound insulation properties. We are talking about foamed plastic and mineral wool products.
Price. How much insulation costs is often one of the leading factors when choosing a thermal insulation material. It is important that the cost of the insulation is optimally correlated with its functional characteristics.

Let's figure out what kind of insulation is best used to insulate a country house with our own hands. The following materials meet the above requirements:

Mineral (basalt) wool;
Expanded polystyrene foam;
Foil penofol;
Liquid penoizol.

If you are not limited in funds, then the best option for insulating a summer cottage with your own hands is mineral wool. According to the parameter of thermal conductivity, this material is one of the the best heaters... It does not burn, does not rot, has excellent sound insulation properties and vapor permeability, which helps to maintain an optimal indoor climate.

Mineral wool can be used to insulate walls with your own hands, both inside and outside the house. The weak side of mineral wool insulation is its unsatisfactory moisture resistance.

Manufacturers are trying to solve this issue with the help of a variety of hydrophobic additives with which mineral threads are impregnated even at the stage of creation, however, in order to be completely sure that the insulation does not collapse due to moisture gain, it is necessary to equip a high-quality waterproofing layer.

If you do all the work with your own hands, then an important factor is the maximum simplicity of the insulation. The best option in this case is foamed foam or expanded polystyrene foam.

These materials have good thermal insulation properties, and, at the same time, they are quite inexpensive. Penofol with double-sided foil is great for internal insulation of walls at home, while expanded polystyrene should be used for external insulation of walls.

2.1 Features of warming a country house with polystyrene foam (video)

What material is better to choose for the internal insulation of the walls of a country house - we will figure it out in this article.

Criteria for choosing a heater for a country house

Thermal conductivity. The lower the thermal conductivity of the insulation, the more efficiently the temperature regime inside the building will be maintained: heat or coolness will remain.
Resistance to negative temperatures. If the dacha is not heated in winter, the temperature in it indoor areas it is often below zero, which can lead to the destruction of some types of thermal insulation.
Ease of installation. Most of the owners of summer cottages prefer to equip the house with their own hands, so the ease of installing insulation is of considerable importance.
Price. A dacha, as a rule, is a house for temporary residence, for this reason, many people prefer budget types of insulation.

Advice 1. Be sure to take into account what material the house is built from. If for wooden buildings the air permeability of a heat insulator is fundamentally important, then for buildings made of brick or foam concrete this parameter is not so critical.

Tip 2. The moisture resistance of a building material is an important criterion for choosing a suitable thermal insulation for walls in the country. Consider whether the building will be heated during the winter. The likelihood of condensation formation due to the temperature difference between the street and the house depends on this, which will subsequently contribute to the soaking of the insulating layer, and it will quickly collapse and lose its functionality.

This problem can be avoided by using a special vapor barrier film to protect the insulation from moisture.

Choosing a material for insulating the walls of a country house from the inside

Consider the advantages and disadvantages of the most popular heaters for summer cottages.

Mineral wool

Mineral wool is an inorganic porphyrite fiber. This material can be used to insulate a summer cottage, provided that the walls of the house are additionally sheathed with wood, plasterboard or plastic. Mineral wool is also well suited for timber frame structures.

Advantages:

Resistant to temperature extremes. Mineral wool is excellent heat and sound insulation for any premises and buildings.
Elasticity. Due to the high level of resistance to temperature changes, it practically does not change its structure and shape.
Strength. This property allows it to be successfully used for insulating walls of buildings.
Non-flammability. It guarantees the safety of the building, since this material is practically non-flammable.
Doesn't require any special skills to work.

Disadvantages:

Fragility complicating installation.
Hygroscopicity- mineral wool absorbs moisture and may lose its original properties.
Price- above average in comparison with other materials.

Ecowool

Ecowool is the most environmentally friendly material among all types of insulation. Made from recycled cellulose, spray applied to walls and has a thermal conductivity of 0.038 W / mK.

Advantages

Perfectly letting in air, ecowool also actively absorbs moisture, but also dries quickly without changing the thermal insulation parameters.

Ecowool is impregnated with special additives, due to which it is fire-resistant and biologically inert.

disadvantages

The disadvantages of this insulation include its considerable cost, both in procurement and in installation, which requires certain skills and equipment.

Expanded polystyrene

Extruded polystyrene foam is one of the most demanded types of insulation among the owners of summer cottages. This material belongs to the middle price category and is characterized by thermal conductivity from 0.032 to 0.044 W / mK.

Advantages

High strength, moisture resistance, ease of installation are the key advantages of expanded polystyrene as insulation for the walls of country houses.

disadvantages

Among the disadvantages are poor air permeability, poor adhesion to the cladding, environmental friendliness and toxicity in case of fire.

Well suited for wall insulation of one-story buildings, including country cottages.

Styrofoam

Polyfoam is the most inexpensive type of heat-insulating material, characterized by high moisture resistance, low thermal conductivity of the order of 0.037 W / mK and a service life of about 25 years.

Advantages

The advantages of polystyrene also include its immunity to microorganisms (fungus, moss, rot), ease of installation due to its low weight, compressive strength and bending strength.

disadvantages

However, the foam does not withstand pinpoint impacts, refers to materials with poor air permeability and high toxicity in case of fire. Polyfoam is not recommended for thermal insulation of wooden houses, but for thermal insulation brick walls it can be used successfully.

Advice 1. When insulating the walls of a house from the inside, keep in mind that the inner layer of insulation will "eat up" the usable area, so it is more expedient to insulate small summer houses from the outside.

If the dacha is a favorite place not only for summer vacations, but is also often visited during the cold season, then the premises of the country house will have to be well insulated. By the way, who said that insulation (it would be more correct to say - thermal insulation) should only serve in winter? It is equally necessary in the summer heat - in the rooms on the hottest days, a comfortable coolness will be maintained.

For thermal insulation work, you can use different materials. Moreover, the modern assortment of heaters is so rich that it allows you to choose the best option not only in terms of operational characteristics, but also in terms of cost, depending on the family's budget. Nevertheless, it is always recommended to bet on a high-quality thermal insulation material, and it must meet a number of important requirements.

In this publication, we will try to figure out which insulation for the walls inside the house in the country looks preferable and why. Let's dwell on one more important question - what thickness of thermal insulation will provide comfortable conditions in the house at any time of the year.

Requirements for insulation for residential buildings

Any material chosen for the repair or construction of residential buildings must meet certain physical and technical requirements, sanitary standards, and also be safe to use. Insulation is no exception.

The main criteria for choosing heat insulators that you need to pay attention to are:

Environmental Safety... Materials should not only contribute to creating a comfortable temperature regime, but also not harm the health of its inhabitants. Therefore, the insulation should not spoil the healthy atmosphere in the rooms in any way during operation.
Energy saving characteristics... The insulation should have the lowest possible thermal conductivity.
Fire safety... Majority building materials, including wood, which, in one way or another, cannot be dispensed with during the construction of a house, are combustible. However, the danger of modern synthetic-based products is not only the possibility of rapid combustion. No less terrible phenomenon is the release of toxic combustion products. Therefore, when choosing a heater, you should pay attention not only to its flammability class, but also to its smoke-forming ability. The heat insulator, ideally, should be non-flammable (NG) or have a minimum flammability (G1) (many materials are far from this). Smoke-generating ability is indicated by the letter "D", and its lowest level is D1, which should be striven for.
Soundproofing capabilities... Do not think that this quality is not so important for country houses- after all, there is peace and quiet all around ... Even moving away from the noisy city, you can get a neighbor who loves to listen to loud music, which in silence will just be heard over a very long distance. It is impossible to prohibit neighbors from using power tools, working in personal carpentry workshops, or using equipment for processing a plot at dachas. Other disturbing factors can be a busy highway passing nearby, a railway line, etc.
Heat insulator vapor permeability. With this parameter, since we are talking about insulation from the inside, special care is needed. As a matter of fact, when the material is "breathable" it is generally not bad. But if the vapor permeability index of the walls themselves is lower (and this is usually the case), then moisture saturation of the insulation placed in the room is not excluded. This means that reliable vapor barrier and effective ventilation of rooms are of particular importance. With this criterion in conjunction, one should consider the hygroscopicity of the material, that is, its ability to be saturated with moisture. It should certainly be minimal.
Durability of the material. This factor is also worth paying special attention to, unless, of course, there is a desire to produce renovation work every three to five years. In order not to be mistaken in the choice, you should not purchase insulation from an unverified manufacturer, even if it has a suitable cost. In this case, it is better to overpay, but get confidence in the warranty periods specified by the manufacturer.
The ability of the insulation to keep its original shape... This quality can be described as the strength of the material. During the period of operation, different loads act on the insulation - dynamic, vibration, statistical and others. Under the influence of these influences substandard materials can deform or decrease in size, forming "gaps" in the thermal insulation. And the entire insulation system will become ineffective.
Resistance to biological and chemical attack... When insulating a private house, an important factor is the absence of unwanted "guests" in it, such as insects and rodents. Therefore, it is worth choosing a material that will not become a favorable habitat for them. In addition, the components of the insulation should not be subject to rotting, as well as decomposition under chemical attack. They should not serve as a breeding ground for microflora - mold, fungus, moss, etc.
Compatibility with building wall material... In order for the insulation to "work" as expected, it must go well with the base material, which is planned to be thermally insulated with it. In addition, when choosing the thickness of the insulation, it is also necessary to take into account the thickness and material of the walls of the building. This will be discussed in detail below.

Varieties of modern thermal insulation materials

In order to insulate the walls of any private house from the inside, you can use one or several types of thermal insulation materials. To understand which of them is most suitable for a particular structure, you need to consider characteristics each of them.

So, the following heat insulators are most often used for wall insulation:

Mineral wool - glass and basalt, for example. This material comes on sale in rolls and mats.
Expanded polystyrene - produced in hard slabs.
Ecowool. This insulation is made from natural cellulose, is sold in bulk or in the form of mats. The loose version of the material can be applied to the walls by the "wet" method of spraying, or simply filled up in the cavity.
Polyurethane foam and penoizol. These insulation materials are sprayed onto the walls to form a seamless continuous coating.

You might be interested in information about what characteristics it has

To take the first step towards choosing a material, you should first consider them. positive sides and obvious disadvantages:

Insulation name	Advantages of the material	Material disadvantages
Basalt (stone) wool	- flammability class NG; - has a low thermal conductivity; - the modified version of the insulation does not absorb moisture.	- hygroscopicity of conventional, unmodified insulation; - high price.
Glass wool	- has good thermal insulation characteristics; - high vapor permeability; - affordable cost.	- belongs to the flammability class G1 (slightly flammable); - hygroscopic; - insufficiently high stability of shapes, weak resistance to vibration input, tendency to gradual caking; - does not differ in environmental friendliness.
Ecowool	- ecological cleanliness of the insulation; - low thermal conductivity; - long service life; - resistance to biological spawn.	- is a low-combustible material - G1; - hygroscopicity; - with dry laying (in bulk), there is a tendency to caking, therefore, it requires periodic replenishment of the heat-insulating layer.
	- low thermal conductivity; - moisture resistance; - low weight of the slabs; - non-toxic under normal temperature conditions; - has a long service life; - has high mechanical strength; - resistant to biological influences.	- combustible (no matter how they say the opposite); - when melting and burning under the influence of high temperatures, it emits toxic gas that is dangerous to human life; - not vapor-permeable (which, by the way, in certain conditions can be regarded as an advantage).
Polyurethane foam	- moisture resistant; - has a distinctly low thermal conductivity; - forms a continuous seamless insulation layer; - long service life; - not toxic under normal conditions.	- belongs to the flammability group G1 (slightly flammable); - not vapor-permeable (the lack of controversy has already been discussed); - for application it is necessary special equipment and experience with him; - rather high cost of the material and work on its application.

The table below shows comparative characteristics that allow to estimate the parameters of the above materials at the "digital level":

Material name	Density, kg / m³	Coefficient of thermal conductivity, W / (m × ° C)	Water vapor permeability, mg / (m / h / Pa)	Moisture absorption, kg / m²
Glass wool	15 ÷ 40	0.039 ÷ 0.046	0.4 ÷ 0.6	0.55 ÷ 1.0
Basalt wool	30 ÷ 50	0.035 ÷ 0.042	0.4 ÷ 0.6	0.1 ÷ 0.5
Extruded polystyrene foam	35 ÷ 45	0.030 ÷ 0.035	0.0 ÷ 0.013	0.01 ÷ 0.05
Polyurethane foam	30 ÷ 80	0.024 ÷ 0.030	0.0 ÷ 0.005	0.01 ÷ 0.05
Ecowool (mats)	33 ÷ 75	0.038 ÷ 0.045	0.3 ÷ 0.5	0.3 ÷ 0.8

It is necessary to clarify that today modified insulation materials with improved technical and environmental performance... However, only large manufacturers are engaged in their production, which are highly responsible for the quality and potential of their products. Naturally, the cost of such products is much higher, but they will also last longer, without harming either the building itself or the health of the residents of the house.

You might be interested in information on how to perform correctly

The parameters of such thermal insulation materials will be presented below.

Basalt thermal insulation

This type of insulation materials is also called stone wool, since they are produced by melting gabbro-basalt stone rocks. Products from this raw material could be called the best option for thermal insulation of surfaces inside the house. If not for one nuance that will be discussed.

Basalt insulation has a very low thermal conductivity. Stone-based materials are more suitable for insulating living quarters, since their fibers are more elastic. Due to this quality, the mats have more high density, and also have high strength characteristics. The fibers have a sufficient degree of elasticity and therefore are not as brittle as glass wool.

Basalt insulation is produced in rolls and mats. Some material options are equipped with a layer aluminum foil, capable of enhancing insulation by reflecting heat fluxes into the room. In addition, the foil becomes a vapor barrier, which is of particular importance in such conditions.

And now - about the very nuance that still casts doubt on the feasibility of such a process as. Consider if the use of mineral wool for insulation from the inside?

In general, the optimal structure of the insulation structure is one in which the vapor permeability of each subsequent layer (in the direction from the room to the street) is higher than that of the previous one. In such a situation, water vapor will simply escape into the atmosphere without hindrance. Mineral wool with its location indoors does not fit these requirements.

The fact is that with such a structure of the thermal insulation "pie", the dew point will be in the thickness of the mineral wool or on the border between it and the wall. That is, it is here that condensation will form in the cold season. Since the vapor permeability of mineral wool will always be higher than that of any wall material, and a high concentration of water vapor in a room is a normal phenomenon; gradual wetting of both the insulation itself and the wall cannot be ruled out.

The way out is to provide the insulation layer with a reliable vapor barrier from the side of the room, so that water vapor simply does not have a chance to penetrate the mineral wool. And plus to this, effective ventilation must be provided in the house. Under such conditions, mineral wool will show all its advantages.

The general characteristics of this insulation were shown in the table above. However, large manufacturers are producing improved versions of products, while specifications heaters differ in their performance.

« Knauf»

« Knauf"Is a well-known German manufacturer of various building materials, known to the Russian consumer for their quality. The company has been supplying its products to Russia for several decades, and has established the production of materials directly on the territory of the Russian Federation. And these products fully comply with the requirements of GOST and sanitary and epidemiological standards, which is confirmed by numerous quality certificates.

« Knauf»Supplies the Russian market with several brands of basalt heaters, both universal and intended for different parts of the building. For example, the line of insulation "Insulation" is a professional class product and is used for thermal insulation of various objects. For private buildings, the manufacturer has provided a separate line of products that takes into account not only the thermal insulation capabilities of the material, but also the "human factor" - these are TeploKNAUF Dom, TeploKNAUF Dacha and TeploKNAUF Cottage. All heat insulators are vapor-permeable and non-combustible (NG).

The rest of their performance characteristics are presented in this table:

It should be noted that the line of heaters produced in the form of slabs has been expanded with the products "Cottage +" and "House +". They differ from the materials named in the table in their thickness of 100 mm.

"Rockwool"

Rockwool is constantly working to modify its products to improve their performance. All lines of basalt heaters from this manufacturer belong to the NG class, that is, to non-combustible materials.

Despite the very wide variety of thermal insulation products of this manufacturer, for the walls of a country house it would be optimal to opt for "ROCKWOOL LIGHT BATTS SCANDIC" or "ROCKWOOL LIGHT BATTS"

The special processing of the material during its production gives the blocks a water-repellent quality. Particularly convenient is the compact package - after opening it, the slabs quickly take on a given initial size. In addition, one edge of the slabs is made "spring-loaded" - for easy and tight installation between the drains of the crate.

The main characteristics of the ROCKWOOL LIGHT BATTS heat insulator are as follows:

Insulation performance parameters	Indicators
Thermal conductivity coefficient (W / m × ° С):
- calculated value at t = 10 ° С	0,036
- calculated value at t = 25 ° С	0,037
- operational under conditions "A"	0,039
- operational under conditions "B"	0,041
Flammability class	NG
Fire safety class	KM0
Water vapor permeability (mg / (m2 × h × Pa), not less	0.03
Partial immersion moisture absorption	no more than 1kg / m²
Dimensions (edit)	1000 × 600 mm
thickness	50, 100 or 150 mm

Technonikol

This insulation material is produced by a domestic manufacturer, which is well known to the Russian consumer.

Modified basalt wool "Technonikol" is also a non-combustible material (NG), which the manufacturer informs about on its packaging. Heat insulators of this manufacturer are manufactured under strict control, in accordance with the established GOST standards, and also fully comply with the sanitary and epidemiological requirements of the Russian Federation.

This table presents the most popular options for Technonikol basalt insulation, as well as their technical characteristics:

Material grade		Compressibility,%, no more	Water vapor permeability, mg / (m × h × Pa)	Moisture absorption, kg / m2	Density, kg / m³
"Rocklight"	0.037 ÷ 0.041	30	0.3	2	30 ÷ 40
Technolight	0.036 ÷ 0.041	20	0.3	1,5	30 ÷ 38
"Teploroll"	0.036 ÷ 0.041	55	0.3	2	25 ÷ 35
"Technoacoustic"	0.035 ÷ 0.040	10	0.3	1,5	38 ÷ 45
"Technoblok"	0.035 ÷ 0.040	8	0.3	1.5	40 ÷ 50

Any Technoacoustic brand is well suited for wall insulation from the inside of a country house, as they have a low thermal conductivity coefficient and optimal density. In addition, Technoacoustic is designed to isolate the house from external noise, so it can be called a multifunctional material.

Glass wool

Glass wool is made from fibers obtained by melting broken glass and quartz sand, as well as other natural additives. Phenol-formaldehyde resins are used as a binder for joining glass fibers into a single structure. The stiffness of the slabs and mats is obtained as a result of pressing with simultaneous heat treatment. The heat insulator obtained by pressing glass fibers into blocks or mats has a fairly high dimensional stability, but not the most outstanding vibration resistance.

Glass wool is a good sound and heat insulator, resistant to chemical influences and resistant to temperature changes. Its operating temperature range varies from -60 to + 180 degrees. However, if this is exceeded so far, the fibers themselves are not damaged, but their binder is destructed, therefore the structure of the mats is sintered, deformed or disintegrated.

Experts do not recommend using glass wool for insulating living quarters. This is due not only to its high hygroscopicity. The point is also the possibility of microparticles of fibers entering the air of the room, which poses a rather serious threat to the health of the residents of the house. Therefore, if for some reason glass wool is chosen for insulation, then after its installation in the crate, the thermal insulation should be hermetically closed with a plastic wrap or a vapor barrier membrane. However, as we have seen, basalt wool needs exactly the same protection.

"Isover"

"Isover" is a high quality heat insulator, produced on innovative equipment in accordance with all the requirements of existing standards.

"Isover" is produced in mats and slabs, therefore it can differ in its density. The board material has a higher density and can be used to insulate walls for plastering. High density materials include "Isover OL-A" and "Isover OL-E". But plastering mineral wool insulation is permissible only on the outside of the wall.

The manufacturer positions Isover glass wool as a non-combustible insulation, that is, classifies it as NG.

There are several options for glass wool on sale, which are designed to insulate various parts of the house. The main characteristics of these products are as follows:

Insulation brand	Thermal conductivity coefficient, W / (m × ° С)	Compressibility,%, no more	Water vapor permeability, Mg / (m × h × Pa)	Moisture absorption, kg / m2	Density, kg / m³
"Isover Light"	0.035 ÷ 0.040	10	0.3	1,5	38 ÷ 45
"Isover Standard"	0.036 ÷ 0.041	55	0.3	2	25 ÷ 35
Isover Optimal	0.036 ÷ 0.041	20	0.3	1.5	30 ÷ 38
"Isover Facade"	0.035 ÷ 0.038	30	0.3	2	30 ÷ 40

In addition to the above options , Isover also produces other brands of insulation materials. Moreover, the company continues to develop and launch into production innovative products that are able to withstand the necessary loads in a specific area of the structure.

"URSA"

Another well-known brand of insulation materials are URSA products. The manufacturer uses innovative technologies in the manufacture of its products, trying to minimize the disadvantages of glass wool. Thanks to this approach, URSA glass wool is characterized by increased durability and special strength. The density of the boards and mats greatly simplifies the installation work.

Since "URSA" produces a large assortment of insulation products, it will be difficult to choose the required material option out of ignorance. We give a hint - it is recommended to use URSA GEO line heaters for thermal insulation of a country house. They are safe for the health of the residents of the house, and are maximally adapted to the conditions of private construction.

The URSA GEO line includes the following products:

Insulation type "URSA GEO"	Thermal conductivity coefficient, W / (m × ° С)	Vapor permeability mg / (m × h × Pa)
"M-11"	0.04	0.64
"Mini"	0.041	0.64
"Private house"	0.041	0.55
"Universal plates"	0.036	0.51
"Light"	0.044	0.35
"Pitched roof"	0.035	0.55
"Noise protection"	0.04	0.6
"Frame"	0.035	0.64

In addition to those presented in the table, this series of materials also includes other heaters suitable for thermal insulation of private houses.

Speaking about any of the mineral wool heat insulators, one cannot but mention their general drawbacks, which may well affect the choice of material.

The binder in most brands is phenol-formaldehyde resins, which are toxic substances. Throughout the entire period of operation of the insulated structure, emission of compounds harmful to humans will be observed. Some leading manufacturers declare that these components are no longer used in the manufacture of their products, since they have been replaced with environmentally friendly binders. It is quite difficult to verify this statement without special devices, and you have to take it on faith. Nevertheless, it is better to give preference to heaters with ECO marking.

Another problem with mineral wool is rodents, which adapt well to this material, making their nests and making moves in it. It will be possible to get rid of these neighbors only by disassembling the sheathing and replacing the insulation with another version of it. If measures are taken in the country house to protect against these ubiquitous animals, then you can purchase mineral wool for wall insulation. In another case, it is better to give preference to denser insulation or those options that mice bypass.

Extruded polystyrene foam

Many people think that extruded polystyrene foam is the same as the familiar foam. But this is not at all the case. Yes, the raw materials for their production are similar, but they differ from each other not only in appearance, but also in their technical characteristics. Until recently, inexpensive polystyrene foam was widely used for insulation of both internal and external surfaces. However, it has a large number of significant drawbacks that have led to the complete rejection of this material in many countries of the world.

When starting repairs, many, wanting to save money, prefer foam, but before making your choice, you need to have an idea of its negative qualities.

Flammability of the material. Polyfoam does not just burn - it melts and spreads over the surface, becoming a flame spread. At the same time, such toxic smoke is released from the molten mass that literally a few breaths can cause poisoning that is incompatible with life.
Polyfoam (non-pressed polystyrene foam) - the polymer is not chemically stable enough. And during prolonged operation, under the influence of temperature extremes and other external factors, it also begins to emit substances harmful to the environment - free styrene. These fumes will not be able to contain the plaster or brick layer, and they will penetrate into the premises.
The foam is breathable, and therefore mice calmly settle in it. They not only easily gnaw through this material, but also arrange their nests in it. This is especially common when the foam plates have a fairly large thickness of 70 ÷ 100 mm.
Polyfoam is short-lived, it collapses rather quickly - it begins to crumble. As a result, the material loses its thermal insulation qualities.

Extruded polystyrene foam is made from the same raw materials as the familiar foam. But in its manufacture, a completely different technology is used.

The fine-mesh structure of expanded polystyrene boards is created by melting polystyrene granules. Foaming and strengthening additives are added to the molten mass. Freon-free formulations are used as foaming agents.

The advantage of extruded polystyrene foam can be called its high density. Due to this quality, the material is not attractive to mice. Plus, it is impervious to steam and air, so rodents do not arrange nests in it. The most they can harm him is to gnaw his edges.

Extruded polystyrene foam is non-hygroscopic, has a pronounced low coefficient of thermal conductivity, high compressive strength, and has good frost resistance. In addition, the insulation is not susceptible to biological damage and chemical decomposition, therefore it is often used even for insulating the foundations of buildings.

However, with regard to its flammability - this is a controversial issue. Manufacturers position polystyrene foam as highly combustible and self-extinguishing, that is, does not support combustion. Practice shows that it nevertheless ignites when exposed to an open fire, is often capable of supporting combustion, and, just like polystyrene, emits toxic smoke. They are trying to fight this - many materials of this group undergo special processing that increases their fire resistance. But oh, how far is it to incombustibility!

Extruded polystyrene foam has practically zero vapor permeability. And this factor is just at hand for wall insulation from the inside. That is, the laid layer of slabs in itself becomes a good vapor barrier, and the structure of the material will definitely always be dry inside, that is, there is simply nothing to condense in it. True, this still does not eliminate the need to create a general hermetic vapor barrier under the finishing layer, or, at least, from hermetically “sealing” the seams between the slabs laid on the wall. Requirements for creation are not getting smaller effective system ventilation - they are required for any type of internal insulation.

Both well-known and completely unfamiliar manufacturers present their products on the construction market. Sometimes you can find slabs that do not have any markings at all. It is clear that there is no need to expect any guarantees from such materials. Therefore, if the choice is made on this particular insulation, then you should give preference to well-known brands.

"Penoplex"

The most popular in the Russian market is the extruded polystyrene foam "Penoplex". These are products of a domestic manufacturer that produces several types of material, differing in some characteristics.

The names of the slabs indicate their purpose - these are the universal materials "Comfort", "Roof", "Foundation" and "Wall". Accordingly, two types of slabs are used for thermal insulation of wall surfaces - "Comfort" and "Wall", performed with "Roof" slabs, etc.

Penoplex slabs (namely, this colloquial name is most often practiced) are produced in a wide range of thicknesses - from 20 to 100 mm (20, 30, 30, 50, 60, 80 and 100 mm). Linear dimensions - 1200 × 600 mm. Plates of the "Comfort" type can be produced in lengths of 2400 mm.

The main characteristics of Penoplex insulation material specified by the manufacturer are as follows:

- coefficient of thermal conductivity - 0.030 W / (m × K);

- moisture absorption - no more than 0.2 ÷ 0.4% of the total volume;

- vapor permeability - 0.007 ÷ 0.008 Mg / (m × h × Pa);

- flammability group - G2 - G4;

- operating temperature range - from -50 to +75 ° С;

- durability declared by the manufacturer - 50 years.

"Penoplex S" is designed for thermal insulation of walls. Contains components - flame retardants, which reduce the risk of fire. High thermal insulation properties, minimal moisture absorption, resistance to temperature extremes, as well as the grooves provided for joining the plates, make the insulation of the walls of the house reliable and durable.
"Penoplex Comfort" is a universal version of slabs that can be used in different areas of the building, from the roof to the foundation. In this regard, it may well be used to insulate the walls of a country house from the inside.
"Penoplex F" is intended for thermal insulation of the foundation. Due to the fact that this insulated area of the building is in the ground, the slabs are made without adding fire retardants. Therefore, it is not recommended to use them for installation in other areas, since they belong to the G4 flammability group.
"Penoplex K" is used for insulation of roofs and ceilings, but it may well be used for thermal insulation of wall surfaces.

You may be interested in information about what kind of insulation

"Styrodur"

Styrodur extruded polystyrene boards are not as popular as Penoplex, although they also have decent technical characteristics.

Several types of this heat-insulating material are supplied for sale - these are 2500 С, 2800 С, 2800 СS, 3035 СS, 3035 СN, 4000 СS, 5000 СS. The difference between slabs is primarily in their density and compressive strength. The surface of all boards is protected by a smoother, more durable layer of material, and Styrodur 2800 C and Styrodur 2800 CS are equipped with a corrugated coating.

In order to prevent cold bridges from forming at the joints of the slabs, at their ends may be provided different options docking locks. This also distinguishes the plates from each other.

Due to its strength characteristics, as well as the different configuration of locks, this insulation is well suited for internal insulation of the walls of the house.

Name of characteristics and units of measurement	Digital marking of insulation "Styrodur"
	2500 C	2800 C	3035 C	4000 C	5000 C
Dry heat conductivity coefficient, W / m × K	0.029	0.029	0.029	0.03	0.03
Density (not less), kg / m³	25	30	33	35	45
Moisture absorption in 24 hours,% of the volume	0.13	0.13	0.13	0.07	0.07
Compressive strength at 10% linear deformation (not less)	0.2	0.25	0.25	0.5	0.7
Surface of slabs	smooth	grooved	Smooth or grooved	smooth	smooth
Linear dimensions of plates, mm	1250 × 600	1250 × 600	1265 × 615	1265 × 615	1265 × 615
Slab thickness, mm	20,30,40,50,60	20,30,40,50,60	30,40,50,60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 160	30,40,50,60,80	40,50,60
Operating temperature range, С	-180...+75
Flammability group	G2
Frost resistance	More than 300 cycles

Styrodur boards are produced only in light green color, therefore it is difficult to confuse them with other similar materials. The heat insulator is not toxic under normal operating conditions, and freon is not used in its production. In addition, the material is odorless, so it can be used to insulate the interior surfaces of residential buildings.

Polyurethane foam

Polyurethane foam, as an effective insulation, has appeared in the public domain relatively recently, but has already managed to prove its reliability in thermal and sound insulation of premises. Polyurethane foam is applied by spraying, for which special equipment is used. The material can be applied in several layers to achieve the required thermal insulation thickness.

The composition applied to the surface, after foaming and polymerization, forms a monolithic layer on it, as it expands and fills the space. In addition, the finished mass has excellent adhesion properties, therefore, when spraying, it is firmly fixed on almost any surface of the walls and ceiling.

This material is used for thermal insulation of both internal and external surfaces, and is especially suitable for use in regions with low winter temperatures... The thermal conductivity coefficient of polyurethane foam is very low, and ranges from 0.025 to 0.030 W / m × K. That is, among the heaters under consideration, he is an absolute "champion" by this indicator.

Due to the fact that the structure of polyurethane foam decomposes under the influence of ultraviolet radiation, it must be mounted under decorative cladding.

When the house is insulated with this material from the inside, a frame structure is installed on the wall to fix the facing material. And between its racks and jumpers, the composition is sprayed. After the polyurethane foam applied to the wall or ceiling has solidified, the excess protruding from the frame, formed during its expansion, is cut off.

You may be interested in information on how to do it yourself

Polyurethane foam has a low moisture absorption index, therefore it retains its thermal insulation qualities at any ambient humidity. Water vapor permeability is practically zero. And since the coating turns out to be seamless, continuous, you can do without even additional vapor barrier.

This material can belong to different fire safety groups - from G1 and even to G4, depending on the additives added to the composition. However, polyurethane foam, as a rule, does not become a source of fire and through the spread of fire. It quickly becomes charred, stopping the flow of oxygen necessary for combustion deep into its structure. And the gases formed during thermal decomposition are still not as dangerous as those of expanded polystyrene.

Excellent material for internal insulation. But you need special raw materials and equipment for its application, the presence of skills in the work. And the cost is very high. All this limits its widespread use for such purposes.

Ecowool

Ecowool is not yet a familiar material for everyone, therefore it is not so popular. But it is successfully used to insulate residential buildings both from the inside and outside. The main advantage of this insulation is its environmental friendliness. Ecowool is made from cellulose fibers, which are treated with boric acid, which protects the material from mold and makes it unattractive to rodents.

Plates are formed from the fibers, or ecowool is sold in bulk and is intended for laying in the so-called "wet" method - spraying.

Loose ecowool is also used in dry form, most often this method is used for thermal insulation of horizontal surfaces, for example, ceilings or floors in a house. Another method of warming is filling the closed space (specially provided cavities) with dry ecowool. For example, in a frame partition, sheathed on both sides with plywood sheets.

The "wet" method of application can be called the best styling option. However, this process is hampered by the fact that it requires special equipment. This means that you will have to invite a specialist for insulation.

Ecowool, applied by the "wet" method, forms a monolithic seamless layer on the surface, which reliably protects the premises from the cold. The material retains its thermal insulation qualities throughout its entire service life.

If you plan to make insulation yourself, then the best option would be ready-made, molded plates. They are installed between the construction sites of the sheathing in the same way as mineral wool, by surprise. Of course, with internal insulation, this will again require a reliable vapor barrier - the hygroscopicity of ecowool is considerable.

When installed dry, both on horizontal surfaces and when filling empty spaces, the cotton wool can shrink over time. Therefore, when insulating, it must be well sealed.

Ecowool, in terms of its flammability, belongs to the G1 group (slightly combustible material) due to special processing in the production process. When burning, cellulose does not emit toxic products that are excessively hazardous to humans.

There are several varieties of this material from various manufacturers on the market. For example, you should pay attention to the Finnish manufacturer Termex.

Ecowool "Termex" is sold in packages weighing 13 kg and has the following characteristics:

- coefficient of thermal conductivity 0.040 W / (m × ° С);

- density, depending on the application - 35 ÷ 79 kg / m³;

- soundproofing capabilities with a layer of 25 mm - 9 dB.

Ecowool allows water vapor to pass freely, and for external insulation - nothing better you can imagine. But for the internal - this again becomes a problem, which has already been mentioned more than once above. This thermal insulation design would require a very reliable vapor barrier. The hygroscopicity of ecowool is considerable, and without such protection it can soon literally swell with water, losing all its insulating qualities.

* * * * * * *

In order for the insulation of a country house to be of high quality and safe, when choosing a heat-insulating material, it is necessary to carefully study its characteristics, as well as methods of application with all the nuances. It is recommended to purchase heaters from well-known manufacturers who have been working in the building materials market for a long time and have managed to gain prestige.

As we have seen, insulation can be produced in a wide range of thicknesses. And the thickness of the layer of application of polyurethane foam or ecowool can be adjusted by the worker. In any case, you need to know what the thickness of the insulation will be guaranteed to cope with the task of reliable thermal insulation of the walls assigned to it. And this issue should also be considered.

What thickness of insulation is required?

Each of their home owners is able to make such a heat engineering calculation. Now we will "arm" him with an understanding of the calculation algorithm and a convenient online calculator.

What is the calculation based on?

Try to imagine any abstract insulated design. Since our theme is a wall, we will leave this example.

So, a multi-layer structure will include the very wall of the house itself, made of one or another material. Often, its decoration is provided on the outside. The same is true on the inside, well, and a layer of insulation, the thickness of which is required to be found.

In order to maintain a comfortable temperature in the premises of the house at any time of the year, this entire multi-layer structure must have a certain total resistance to heat transfer. And it consists of the resistances of each of the layers.

It is appropriate to make a reservation here - the external facade decoration, organized according to the ventilated facade system. She does not make any contribution to the general insulation qualities of the wall.

Where to get the required data?

What the total resistance should be is shown by its normalized value, established by SNiP for each region, taking into account climatic features. This indicator is easy to check with any local construction organization. Or, which is even simpler, to define it according to the map-scheme located below. In this case, for further calculation, it is necessary to take the value "for walls", which are highlighted in purple.

The thermal resistance of any of the layers is not difficult to determine - for this, the thickness of the salt (expressed in meters) must be divided by the tabular coefficient of thermal conductivity of the material from which this layer is made.

Rc =Hc /λc

Rc- thermal resistance of the layer, m2 × K / W;

Hc- layer thickness, m;

λc- coefficient of thermal conductivity of the material, W / m × K.

It is clear that too thin layers (for example, membranes) do not make much sense to take into account. But some options for external and interior decoration are quite capable of influencing the general thermal performance of the wall structure.

So, if we calculate all the thermal resistances of the layers planned for the future arrangement and sum them up, this will still not be enough to reach the normalized value. This very "deficit" should be covered with a layer of thermal insulation. The difference is known, the thermal conductivity coefficient of the insulation is the same, which means that nothing prevents you from finding the required thickness:

Well =Ry × λy

Well- the required thickness of the insulation, m;

Ry- "shortage" of thermal resistance, which needs to be filled with thermal insulation;

λy- coefficient of thermal conductivity of the selected insulation material.

To make the task as easy as possible for the reader, a special online calculator has been compiled. When carrying out calculations, it is possible not to take into account the insulating qualities of the finishing layers - it is just that their thickness is left equal to zero by default. As for the rest, everything is simple, and, probably, does not require special additional explanations.

The result will be immediately shown in millimeters - this is more convenient. The obtained value is the minimum, and it is usually reduced to standard thicknesses of insulation materials, rounding slightly upwards.

933 09/18/2019 7 minutes

If you have a summer cottage, then the issue of its insulation may be relevant. I want to come to the dacha not only in the summer - here you can perfectly meet New Year, spending cozy winter evenings by the stove or fireplace, playing in the snow with children, walking along snowy paths - there are many great ways to spend a winter day in the countryside or in the country.

Therefore, the issue of insulating a country house from the inside - so that it does not freeze in frosty winter time - is important. In the article we will consider - with the help of which modern materials can the best way insulate the inner walls of the cottage.

The importance of work

Probably everyone understands that heat escapes from the room not only thanks to windows and doors, but also through all surfaces. If the house has even the smallest cracks in the walls, it is unlikely that it will be warm in winter.

Nobody wants to heat the street and waste time, effort and resources to do useless work, heating an uninsulated house. But, having done the work on the internal insulation of the dacha or once, you will always enjoy warmth and comfort at any time. This question is of particular importance if you want to live in a country house in winter.

In the photo, insulation for walls inside the house

To avoid tangible heat loss, and the house in any frost was comfortable and cozy inside, it is necessary to take care of the insulation not only of windows, doors and roof, but also of all its walls. No matter how thick these walls are - even meter-high brick - without additional insulation, it is unlikely that such a room will be comfortable in winter. The insulation will close all microscopic cracks invisible to the eye, through which heat can escape.

The coating will add thickness to the walls, in addition, such materials have a low level of thermal conductivity, as a result of which heat will accumulate inside the room, without too much haste to leave it.

The video shows insulation for the walls inside the house:

When building a house, insulation is usually laid as an interlayer between outside walls and internal plasterboard or plywood. But if, after the purchase or the first wintering, it turned out that this insulation was not enough, then the owners of the house have to carry out work on the inner wall cladding with insulation material.

Properties

Let's find out what specific features the insulation should have so that it can heat our summer cottage in the best way.

Low thermal conductivity- the main quality of insulation. A high level of this indicator will provide a constant level of heat inside the room.
Durability... This is a mandatory characteristic. Since the work on insulation takes a lot of time and effort, besides, during the period of such repairs, the dacha becomes unsuitable for living, hardly anyone wants to do such work often.
Incombustibility... This is a very important criterion, which in some cases can even save a person's life.
Low shrinkage... It is important that the material attached to the walls does not sink down over time. If this happens, cracks and holes will open through which heat will leave the house.
Water resistance... It is important that the material has the ability to repel moisture without absorbing it. Otherwise, the material may swell if the conditions are right.
Safety and environmental friendliness... Quite an important criterion - hardly anyone wants to use toxic materials. This is not only harmful to everyone living in the house, but also poses a danger to life.
Vapor permeability... The high level of this criterion will allow the insulating material to safely and without delay take out the couples formed inside the premises to the street, "airing" the house.

The video shows insulation for walls inside a wooden house:

When purchasing insulation, be sure to pay attention that it meets all the above criteria. The process of laying the insulation itself is simple: a false wall is created from drywall or plywood, behind which the heat-insulating material is hidden. Keep in mind that after installing such an insulating layer, the interior space of the house will be somewhat reduced.

What is the width of the insulation for the walls frame house, described in this article:

But what are the properties of expanded clay as insulation and is it worth using it, is described in

The choice of insulation

Consider the main materials with which it is best to insulate the walls of a country house from the inside.

Mineral wool

A material that has long been used for wall insulation. Over the years, mineral wool has shown itself to be a reliable and durable material that has all the necessary properties of a heat insulator. Cotton wool is lightweight, easy to install, non-flammable and lasts a long time.

In the photo, mineral wool for walls inside the house in the country

It is produced either in rolls or in the form of rather hard and dense plates. To insulate large room, it is more convenient to use rolled cotton wool, but tiled options are better for small houses. Mineral wool is attached to the wall with special glue or with self-tapping screws. These attachment methods are the best way to avoid subsequent shrinkage and deformation of the soft material. But what are, you can read in this article.

Before laying mineral wool, it is necessary to install a vapor barrier layer, which will help to avoid excess moisture in the room and the appearance of mold and mildew.

It should be noted that cotton wool is quite bulky, the internal area of the room will significantly decrease after insulation with this material.

In general, mineral wool insulation is a reliable and durable method that will make the summer cottage much warmer. But this is a rather expensive way. Good mineral wool will cost a home owner a pretty penny.

Expanded polystyrene

The material is now becoming more and more popular as an excellent insulation for summer cottages and country houses... It weighs more than cotton wool, but is more moisture resistant than the previous material. There are extruded and foamed - in principle, both of these types have the same properties.

In the photo, the walls are covered with expanded polystyrene

Expanded polystyrene is attached to the wall with dowels or special glue, it needs an additional frame. But between the plates of material during installation, joints are formed, which must be filled with foam in order to exclude all paths of heat leakage. A reinforcing mesh is glued on top of the expanded polystyrene surface, on which it is already possible to putty and further interior wall decor with wallpaper or tiles. What is insulation for the floor under the expanded polystyrene screed is described in this

Polyurethane foam

This material is by far the most reliable, strong and durable of all internal wall insulation. It has increased fire-resistant characteristics, perfectly withstands loads - both thermal and mechanical, serves for many years without complaints and problems in operation. Another big plus is that during installation, in this case, no joints are formed and, accordingly, no cracks.

In the photo, polyurethane foam for walls inside the house

For inexperienced craftsmen, it can be difficult to apply the material. The fact is that this application is carried out using a special apparatus that mixes the components of the material with each other and forms a foam. But what is

Spraying is done on the frame, which must be installed on the walls in advance. There is no need to further fix the foam.

After application, the coating dries quickly, forming a uniform dense layer. If there is too much foam in some places, then the excess thickness can be easily removed. A nylon mesh is applied to the foam, then plaster, and then internal Finishing work.

Manufacturers and prices

Which manufacturers can offer us the best selection of quality insulation and at what price.

Penoplex

Without a doubt, the most popular material for wall insulation today. Very easy to use. Standard sizes- 50 cm or 1000 cm long and 50 or 100 mm wide.

The material forms joints, which, using polyurethane foam must be sealed. In general, the material has excellent thermal insulation properties. But it needs to be laid in several layers.

In the photo, penoplex for house insulation

In addition to walls, penoplex can also be used to insulate both the ceiling and the floor. In this respect, the material is universal. But how to glue penoplex to concrete and how to do it correctly is described in this

Penoplex is inexpensive - a standard sheet of material costs 175 rubles. If the level of the product is higher - the so-called Penoplex comfort - 290 rubles. A package of 8 sheets of half a meter will cost the buyer 1200 rubles.

Ursa

It is also a well-known manufacturer of finishing materials. The brand's mineral wool is of high quality and excellent thermal insulation properties. The material is universal, suitable for insulation of walls, roofs and floors.

In the photo - Ursa for warming the house inside

Ursa mineral wool is non-flammable, lightweight and durable. It can be used at temperatures from minus 60 degrees to plus 220. The price for a package of 10 plates is 410 rubles (plates 60 cm long). But what are the technical characteristics of ursa mineral wool, you can find out by reading the content

Isover

This manufacturer offers us fiberglass insulation that meets the latest technological characteristics. not afraid of shrinkage, made of non-toxic safe materials. Easy to install, easy to transport, not afraid of moisture.

In the photo isover

A package of 7 slabs 100 mm thick and 1170 cm long will cost 490 rubles. A package of 14 slabs 50 mm thick with the same length has the same price.

Rockwool

This brand invites us to use stone wool insulation. Its advantage is that the material is lightweight, easy to install and transport. The material serves for a long time, is durable, is not afraid of dampness and retains heat well inside the house.

In the photo, rockwool for warming the interior

The price for a package of 5 slabs 100 mm thick and 1000 cm long is 610 rubles. The same price has a package of 10 slabs of 50 mm thickness of the same length.

Knauf

A well-known German brand produces very high quality insulation materials. In addition, it is very economical - during installation, there are practically no unnecessary pieces or scraps left from it - all the material goes into action.

In the photo there is a knauf for warming the interior

The most famous and suitable insulation of this brand for our summer cottages is Knauf Cottage Plus. Its cost is 740 rubles for a package of 610 mm wide slabs, 1230 cm long, 8 sheets in a package.

If it is very cold in your area in winter, then the best solution would be to use a double layer of insulation. Let the room become smaller, but it will be much warmer in it.

Do not be afraid of expenses and try to save on insulation. When choosing a quality material, you will need to perform work once - and then for many years you will enjoy the warm atmosphere in the country. But if you choose a low-quality insulation, then you will most likely have to regret it repeatedly.

In the video - what are the heaters for the walls inside the house:

We have considered the most popular and optimal insulation for the walls of the summer cottage. With the help of our recommendations, you can choose optimal way make your summer cottage a cozy and warm place where it will be pleasant to be in any frost.

If the dacha is operated all year round, it is important to insulate it well. Someone may say: why insulate if heating is carried out? And then, that only with it you can achieve not only savings in paying bills, but also the correct microclimate, where there is no danger of condensation and fungus.

In addition, if heating and insulation are not done correctly, then the house is destroyed faster, since all the conditions of its operation are not observed.

If heating and insulation are not done correctly, then the house collapses faster.

If the house is not heated, it would still be good to insulate it, then the above-zero temperature will remain in it, which will have a favorable effect on all its structures.

If the house is not heated, it would still be good to insulate it.

In addition to external insulation, you need to take care of the internal one. Insulating the walls inside is one of the most effective measures, but also one of the most costly, so it makes sense to carefully choose the insulation, as well as study the technology of the process.

The most common insulation for walls inside walls in the country is mineral wool, expanded polystyrene, penoflor and penoizol. Before identifying their pros and cons, let's say a few words about why it is generally worth insulating from the inside, and not from the outside of the house.

If you are not strong in concepts such as thermal inertia, then you will have to take our word for it that it is best to do the insulation of a summer cottage comprehensively. Think of your home construction as a puff pastry. So, the masters arrange the insulation layers in such a way that the thermal insulation decreases in the direction from the outer layer to the inner layer, and the vapor barrier, on the contrary, increases.

If this procedure is not followed, then the house made of wood will not receive the desired microclimate. There may be such Negative consequences like the appearance of condensation and even mold. Therefore, be sure to make sure that the insulation is comprehensive and correct.

The masters arrange the insulation layers in such a way that the thermal insulation decreases in the direction from the outer layer to the inner layer.

But it often happens that it is impossible to insulate outside, undesirable or not affordable. Then you can limit yourself to purely internal work. But you should definitely take into account that in this case the dew point will shift inside the building, which means that in addition to the heat-insulating layer, it is necessary to make a waterproof one. Let's dwell on this case in more detail, since the topic of our article is not the insulation of walls from the outside, but internal insulation.

So, the factors for achieving the best result:

Thermal insulation must be solid and dense;
Competent choice of insulation. It is best that it be foil-coated (like penofol, and a layer of foil was applied on both sides of the material).
Give preference renowned manufacturers material and carefully observe the technology of work.

Thus, before insulating the dacha, you need to clearly understand that this business is serious and responsible. Pay attention to all stages of work, and the result will delight you for many years.

Choosing insulation for walls inside the house in the country, you may encounter different concepts and the numbers in which you need to navigate in order to make right choice... The main ones are:

Coefficient of thermal conductivity. The lower it is, the thinner the layer of material can be used.
Moisture absorption coefficient: similarly, we strive for a lower one.
Fire resistance: here, on the contrary, the higher the indicator, the better - it displays the ignition temperature.
Durability: Obviously, the longer the service life, the more profitable and better.
Environmental friendliness: here the indicators should be standard, recommended for use in rooms in which people live.

In addition to the above, other indicators may be important. For example, soundproofing. It is not important to someone if your country house located in a quiet grove. And some have noisy neighbors throwing parties every weekend.

Penoplex is a hit of sales

The most popular insulation for walls inside the house in the country in recent years is expanded polystyrene (penoplex). The material is represented by compacted white granules, in composition it is expanded polystyrene and air. People often confuse penoplex with polystyrene, but this is completely different materials, since the first compares favorably with the second in a number of characteristics, including the compressive strength (achieved due to the fact that the molecules are very tenaciously connected to each other).

Penoplex characteristics:

This insulation of walls inside the house in the country has excellent heat-insulating and sound-insulating properties;
Repels water;
Durable, resistant to compression;
Mold, fungi do not appear on it, the material does not rot;
Absolutely safe: it is even used in Food Industry, so it is environmentally friendly;
Resistant to combustion and temperature extremes;
Lightweight, easy to handle, relatively inexpensive.

Thanks to this set of almost ideal properties, penoplex is most in demand as a wall insulation inside the house in the country and in other rooms.

Insulation technology

First you need to prepare the surface of the wall, for this it is leveled and all flaws are caulked. Keeping in mind the above rule, the first thing to do on the wall is to place a waterproofing layer. To do this, you can use ordinary polyethylene, securing it with tape. If you have thought over the external thermal protection, then the waterproofing layer is not needed.

Insulation plates should be well and evenly coated with glue, which must be pre-mixed to prevent the formation of lumps. During installation, the slabs are applied in a checkerboard pattern, tightly, the joints are well treated with glue and polyurethane foam.

Also, each plate must be fixed with plastic dowels. The next step is to apply a glue layer to the insulation, on which we will apply a reinforced mesh by immersing it in the glue using a roller. At the end, it is necessary to plaster the walls and complete the finishing.

The advantage of penoplex is that it is easy to work with it, and even a non-professional can easily do it.

Mineral wool

If you are thinking about how to insulate a country house for winter residence then mineral wool has surely come to your mind. It is used for both outdoor and interior walls... Minwata is obtained by processing volcanic rock, glass or slags, obtaining fine fibers from the desired substance in a centrifuge. Mineral wool is released in rolls, but it can also be in the form of plates and mats.

Material pluses:

High quality thermal insulation and sound insulation;
A vapor-permeable material that will help the walls "breathe";
Refractoriness;
Waterproof, does not absorb moisture;
The material is environmentally friendly and non-toxic;
An important advantage is the preservation of volume, and, consequently, of thermal insulation qualities for a very long time.

The process of warming, as in the previous case, begins with surface preparation: filling up cracks, leveling walls. The vapor barrier stage also remains unchanged. A wooden crate is placed on the waterproofing polyethylene, it is made according to the parameters of a roll of mineral wool. Insulating material is tightly placed in the nests of the crate, the joints should be glued with adhesive tape.

Another vapor barrier must be placed on the mineral wool, which is nailed directly to the wooden crate. Finish the insulation with wall decoration.

You can do this work yourself, even if you are not an expert in construction matters. The downside of the material is that rodents can start in it, so this should be taken into account by making a special treatment.

Foil heat insulators

These are new generation materials that have a foil layer on one or both sides. The foil itself does not retain heat. Its function is to reflect heat into the interior of the house. It also acts as a waterproofing agent at the same time, which is very convenient. Foil insulation includes:

Foamed polyethylene;
Foil mineral wool;
Foamed polystyrene coated with aluminum.

To carry out work with these materials, it will be necessary to traditionally prepare the walls, then mount the crate on them, laying the insulation in it. As in other cases, it must be laid very tightly; it is better to use aluminum tape for gluing the joints. If you are using foil mineral wool, then a waterproofing layer must be made on top of the insulation.

Important: for one-sided foiling, place the foil on the inside. The process is completed by filling the lathing and finishing the walls. Note that foil will only work if there is an air gap between it and the coating.

Alternative - fibreboard

This is a great option for self-insulation, since all the work is very easy to do. The main thing is that the walls must be clean and dry. The task is facilitated by the fact that the slabs can be mounted directly on the old coating, on the plaster. For installation, they buy special nails that are equipped with a recessed head. When the insulation is completed, wallpaper can be glued directly to the fiberboard or other finishing work can be done as desired.

Also used for insulation:

Expanded clay;
Penoizol;
Polyurethane foam.

Ecowool insulation is a new trend.

This is a very environmentally friendly material that is obtained from cellulose. It can be installed both dry and wet. True, the latter requires special equipment. And the dry method can be implemented independently. Plus ecowool - environmental friendliness, the walls "breathe", the work quickly pays off.

If you are faced with the task of insulating your country house, do not think that this will require fabulous financial investments and the involvement of specialists. You can choose an option to your taste and wallet, if you carefully study the theory, and almost everyone can also do the work on their own.

Rest on wooden cottage- the dream of every inhabitant of our country. Strive for your dream and, one day, it will definitely come true.

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