A device for breaking logs onto boards with a chainsaw. How to cut a log into boards with a chainsaw: a device and technology

Planks and beams are one of the main building materials. But not everyone has the financial ability to buy ready-made boards. In such situations, one of the solutions is to independently engage in timber harvesting on a plot taken in the forestry.

The advantage of a chainsaw as a sawing tool

You can cut a log using a sawmill, a petrol or electric saw and additional devices. When choosing one of these tools, you should consider the amount of work to be done. The cost of the cheapest stationary sawmill together with all the accessories is 150 thousand rubles. The chainsaw is much cheaper. It is more convenient than an electric saw for the following reasons:

Electricity is not required to operate the tool - this makes it possible to use the chainsaw on plots.
More powerful than an electric saw.
Starts smoothly and allows convenient speed control, which reduces the chance of chain breakage.
The overrun brake responds faster than a saw.
Long operating time without interruption - up to one hour.
Can be used in high humidity conditions.

Types of working attachments

When sawing logs with a chainsaw, various attachments are used.

Rip saw attachment. It is used for sawing a log lengthwise, the process takes place in a horizontal position. After work, the master gets the same thickness for the product. The finished materials undergo a drying process, after which the boards are used in construction. By outward appearance the device is a small frame, it is attached to the tire on each side.

Drum debarker (gummer). With the help of such a nozzle, it is easy to dissolve the log, it works due to the V-belt transmission. Attaches to belts on both sides using special pulleys. The speed of rotation of the shaft depends on the size of the pulleys, so the performance of the nozzle is easy to change. This technology forces the master to carefully monitor each stage of the process; some specialists use an assistant during this cut. But this option requires increased security measures.
Sawing with a lightweight nozzle. The method is not very efficient, but it is used quite often. The element is fastened from one side, but the workpieces are slightly uneven. Such materials are needed to build barns or fences.

Features of sawing with a homemade tool

Sawing a log into boards can be easily done using a self-made tool. It is not difficult to make it. To do this, follow these steps:

As a support, you need to use a frame from a school desk or a pipe with a cross-section in the form of a square, its optimal size is 20x20, and more is allowed.
It is necessary to build two clamps, mount a cross member with two holes for tie bolts at one end, and make a projection for the tire in the middle.
For longitudinal sawing of logs into boards, you need to make a support frame, its width should be less than the length by seven to eight centimeters.
Then, two parts ten centimeters long are welded to both sides, holes for bolts are made, a handle is attached in the middle for ease of use.
Then you need to insert the clamps into the grooves, install the bus, fix everything carefully.

To Work with homemade tool it is not difficult, for this you will need goats, they will serve as a support. In addition, you need to prepare a metal rail or board to use as a guide. A log is laid from below, the required height for work is set.

The procedure for performing preparatory work

To cut a log lengthwise, you need to perform the following sequence of actions:

Take two straight boards and attach one to the other at right angles. The result is a solid flagship range.
To support the made ruler, you need to make stops from the boards.
The movement of the trunks must be carried out using a turner.
The log should be placed on a comfortable base.
On the tire of the chainsaw using nuts, you need to fix the frame.
Lead ruler supports must be attached to the ends of the log, checking the horizontal position with a level.
Self-tapping screws must be used to fix all brackets and structural elements. Nails are not suitable for these purposes, since they are difficult to remove in the future without causing damage to the details of the structure.
The guide ruler must be attached to the supports using staples and its height must be adjusted so that the cut will not go along it, but approximately one centimeter higher.
The log must be rotated and the second plank must be secured in such a way that it rests on the ground and supports the log.

The order of the main work

Now you need to start the chainsaw and make the first cut.
Next, you need to free the log from stops and boards and attach a leading ruler on the cut surface of the log in the direction of the next cut. The ruler is attached directly to the surface or to the ends of the log using supports. The second cut is made perpendicular to the first cut.
The log must be turned and secured with a board point-blank to the ground.
For execution further action no guide ruler required. One of the cut sides serves as a guide.
It is necessary to adjust the thickness of the cut on the frame and saw off the log from the other side in such a way that you get a bar with bark left on only one side.
This bar must be turned over and fixed in such a way that the attachment point of the fixing board is as low as possible.
Then you need to adjust the frame to the required thickness of the board and cut the timber into boards.

Safety rules when performing work

Do not use a circular saw without a protective cover.
Wear headphones, gloves, goggles, heavy clothing and a respirator.
Fuel should not be poured into the hot tank of the instrument; you must wait until it cools down.
Children must not be allowed at the work site.
The tool must be started on the ground with the chain brake engaged, which must only be released before starting sawing.
Always have a first aid kit on hand.
When working, you need to hold the chainsaw by the handle of the arc, moving it forward along the guide. You should not press on the chainsaw with great effort - it should move freely.
Right-handers should place the log on the right side of themselves, left-handers on the left.

Centuries and millennia pass, new materials and technologies appear, and wood, stone and metal, as they were, remain the main materials used by mankind for their needs. Products made from them surround us wherever we are, wherever we go.

Especially noteworthy is the tree, which creates an atmosphere of coziness and comfort everywhere. Metal and stone are colder and laconic, but wood is even warm to the touch. Therefore, the first two materials are used more often in the form load-bearing structures, and wood in the interior decoration, however, after bringing to the appropriate form.

Before properly sawing a log, you need to inspect it. If there are no significant flaws on the outside of the tree, then processing can be done quickly and practically without loss of wood.

Logs must be sawn in such a way that the resulting materials have an equal density. And for this you need to remember that the wood on the northern side of the trunk differs more high density than in the south. Sawing a log lengthwise begins with removing the slab, this part is removed from both sides of the tree to make a bar that will not roll.

We put the resulting timber on one cut side, and the other looks up, from which the sawing will begin. Now you can cut the remaining log into appropriate sawn timber or boards of equal thickness. As a result, we get a set of unedged boards, in which the raw edge (sometimes even with the bark of the tree) must then be cut off with a hand saw. Now the work can be considered completed.

How to cut a log lengthwise - disappointing realities

All of these recommendations are good for ideal logs, but, as you know, the ideal is rare. Basically, almost all logs have various flaws, and you have to adjust and invent ways of cutting in order to avoid wood loss and get as much quality material as possible.

As in the previous case, before you cut the log lengthwise, you need to remove the croaker from it. For those who do not know, a slab is a board that has one sawn surface, and the other either gets partially processed or does not move at all.

After removing the slab, the next step is to make an unedged board, as already mentioned above. Ripping the log produces planks, but with rough edges. In the process, because the log is not ideal, it is necessary to periodically turn it over and identify it best options further use. Sometimes, for cutting one log, it has to be turned over 180 degrees several times in order to minimize defective boards.

If there is a possibility of obtaining good quality material from the other side of the log, you need to continue the process from it and so on until the wood is fully used.

Very often, after sawing, a bar remains, it can also be put on slats, boards or used in its original form.

Features of mechanisms for processing logs

Many private developers have a question: how to cut a log along a chainsaw? Experts recommend, for this operation, first of all, to fix the log and only after that carry out the processing. In addition, in order for the cut to be as smooth as possible, a good sharpening of the chain of this saw is necessary so that it does not go to the side, or buy a special chain designed for ripping.

In addition, it is desirable that the logs are not long, because it is very difficult to do something by hand from a long workpiece with high quality. Also in hardware stores, special nozzles for logs and a saw are sold, which are called a mini-sawmill, they allow you to work at home quickly and efficiently. The only drawback of such equipment is its high cost.

When using a hand saw, proceed in the same way as when using a sawmill. The slab is cut off and the remaining log is cut into longitudinal boards, from which the lateral raw edges are then separated. Only the main difference when working with a saw is the increased complexity, because you need to maintain a uniform thickness of the board when working with a saw that constantly tends to wobble, it is also just physically difficult to hold it in your hands all the time.

All experts agree that if there is a possibility, it is better to take the material to the sawmill, where they will be processed on professional equipment with the least loss and extremely smooth edges.

Both types of fixtures include a whole list of different mechanisms, the use of which makes it possible to obtain the required amount of lumber and boards of suitable sizes, which can later be used for repair and construction purposes.

Often, the high cost of store equipment does not allow everyone to purchase them. On the other hand, it makes no sense to give a lot of money for the sake of irregular operation. In such cases, a device for a chainsaw for sawing logs can be made by hand.

Rip sawing device - how to make it yourself?

The device for a chainsaw for longitudinal sawing of logs with your own hands will consist of a sturdy frame, which must be securely fixed to the guide. It should be remembered that the frame must be secured on both sides, otherwise the accuracy of sawing wood will be impaired. This will not make it possible to use ready-made boards for repair and construction work.

To make the equipment we need, first of all, we need to study the drawings. The further work plan will be based precisely on the diagrams, which indicate the dimensions of the materials used and the correctness of their installation.

The procedure for making a device for longitudinal sawing of wood is as follows:

Find and prepare a frame for future construction. This role is great to handle square tube or an old children's desk. In doing so, make sure that the cross-section of the frame is at least 20 × 20 mm;
Then we move on to the manufacture of clamping elements. The dimensions of these parts must be at least 40 cm. The end face of each of the elements will later become the basis for the manufacture of a mechanical cross member. For greater reliability, the latter is best welded;
In the fixed cross-member with an electric drill, it is necessary to make several holes for the bolt ties. In the center of the cross member, you need to leave a small protrusion, which will be required to securely fix the tire;
We weld the same fasteners in the upper part of the structure. When making them, it is necessary to take into account that the tire has a height slightly less than the width of the bolt clamps;
Next, we start assembling the support frame. It should be rectangular and 10 cm longer than the width;
V perpendicular plane on both sides of the frame, you need to attach two 10 cm pieces. To do this, several holes must be made in the frame for the nuts, and the nuts themselves must be welded to the base of the frame;
Then we start making the handle. As it, you can use a half-bent metal part and weld it to the structure;
At the end, we begin to assemble the device. Insert the clips into the groin first. Next, secure the bar of the chainsaw by paying great attention the accuracy of its position. The distance between the tire and the side parts of the frame is determined depending on what width wooden blanks necessary for household purposes.

simple design

This design differs from a home-made sawmill in that it does not have additional guides used for the production of not only boards, but also beams. In addition, this mechanism is smaller, which makes it more compact than a home sawmill.

Goats for sawing wood with a chainsaw - the correct manufacturing algorithm

Today you can meet a large number of all kinds of goats, which greatly facilitate the harvesting of wood for the winter. However, you can make such a device for sawing logs with a chainsaw yourself.

First, draw up a drawing for further work. In it, indicate the dimensions of the elements and their location in the future structure.

Then prepare necessary materials... For manufacturing you will need:

Bars;
Sturdy wood posts;
Metallic profile.

After that, you can proceed directly to the assembly of the goat. At the same time, take into account your height, otherwise it will be inconvenient to saw the logs on the made device. In most cases, a goat with a height of 120–150 cm is required for comfortable work.

When making a structure, be sure to take care of your personal safety. To do this, make the device as strong and stable as possible on a dirt surface.

The chainsaw is designed to carry out various works with wood. It can be used to cut trees of various diameters and cut them into planks or bars. In addition, this tool is used for figured woodcutting - carving. In order to use a chainsaw correctly, you need to familiarize yourself with the technology of various works and safety rules, the neglect of which leads to very disastrous consequences.

Felling trees is enough traumatic process, because at the slightest mistake, the trunk of a sawn tree, which has a huge mass, can fall on a person working with a chainsaw. Therefore, it is not enough just to have this unit and the desire to cut down a tree. Before you start working with a chainsaw, you should know the basic rules of working with this tool. So, safety precautions when felling timber contains the following points, which must not be ignored.

How to properly cut a tree with a chainsaw

When felling trees with a chainsaw, it is necessary to select the right blade: it must correspond to the thickness and type of wood. For example, if you need to cut thin trees, then there is no point in using heavy and powerful units. After all, they have a high consumption of the fuel mixture and lubricant, and it is much more difficult to work with them. It is recommended to adhere to the following rules:

for barrels with a diameter of 600 mm or more, a heavy blade (650 mm) should be used;
for trunks with an average diameter of 300-600 mm - a medium-sized blade of 350-650 mm;
the felling of thin trunks (up to 300 mm) can be carried out with a blade of up to 350 mm.

If you have work to do hardwood(oak, beech, cherry, apple, pear, etc.), it is better to use medium canvases for thin trunks, and heavy ones for trunks with a diameter of 300-600 mm or more.

Preparation phase

Felling trees with a chainsaw will be difficult and sometimes dangerous without this preparation step.

Make sure there are no people, animals, buildings or other trees in the area where the tree is supposed to fall.
It takes very careful preparation for felling trees. near water bodies... If the sawn object falls into the water, then you will have to make a lot of efforts, including using technology, to get it out and saw it.
If you need to lay the tree to be cut in a certain place, you can tie a cable to the top of the trunk or to its middle, and use a winch or other mechanism to forcefully tilt it in the desired direction.
Before cutting down a tree, take care of escape routes if an unforeseen situation arises (if possible, remove all obstacles that could prevent you from leaving the danger zone).
Provide the possibility of access to the sawn and cut tree of transport for loading and removal.
If you have to felling a big tree, then you first need to exclude the possibility of large branches falling during work. It is recommended to rent a lift or use the services of industrial climbers to cut problematic branches.

In amateur practice, it is allowed to fell trees using a single cut, only when there is a felling of low plants with a trunk diameter of no more than 150 mm. But cutting thick trees is required following standard technology.

The very first, top cut should be done on the side of the plant into which it should eventually fall. It is done at an angle of 45 °, with a depression ¼ of the barrel diameter. Second, bottom cut it is carried out horizontally, until the undercuts dock.
The third cut is called felling and is the most responsible. It is performed on the opposite side of the previously made wedge-shaped cut, parallel to the second cut (see the figure below), but 5 cm higher than it. Also, according to the technology, the felling cut should not be finished to the end, that is, to the wedge-shaped cut. It is necessary to stop, without finishing about 1/10 of the thickness of the trunk, so that the remaining intact part acts as a kind of hinge.
To prevent the saw from getting stuck in the cut, it is necessary to use wooden wedges. Metal wedges should not be used as the chain could be damaged if the saw kicks back.
When felling cuts, pay close attention to the vertical line of the trunk. A sudden gust of wind can make its own adjustments, and you will not be able to cut the tree down the way you planned.
After the felling cut, even before the plant begins to fall, it follows quickly, without fuss, remove the tire of the chainsaw and move back to a safe distance. It is extremely unsafe to be near a tree at this moment, since the lower part of the trunk can jump to a height of about 1.5 meters when it falls.

If the hinge rule is ignored, and the guide and felling cut are incorrectly positioned, it will be impossible to predict the direction of the tree falling.

After the plant has turned out to be dumped in the right direction, you should cut all branches on its trunk. For convenience, a flat piece of wood with a height of 100-150 mm should be placed under the trunk. If this is not done, then there is a high probability that you will hook the ground with the saw. When the rig hits the ground, where there is always sand, the latter hits the tire, namely, into the groove along which the chain slides. As a result of exposure to abrasive particles, not only the chain shanks, but the entire tire begin to wear out quickly. Therefore, the question that builders often ask - is it possible to cut foam blocks with a chainsaw - is inappropriate.

How to cut a log correctly

The next step after felling a tree is sawing it. It is required to carry out it, following certain rules and according to the scheme.

Longitudinal sawing into planks

As you might guess, the boards are obtained by longitudinal dissolution of the log. Since rip sawing will be required, the saw chain must also be of the correct type. To ensure accurate cutting of the trunk into planks, use the special Big Mill log sawing attachment, shown in the following figure.

With its help it is possible to saw logs diameter up to 500 mm... The thickness of the resulting board is set according to a special ruler printed on the racks of the device. You can buy it ready-made or do it yourself by watching this video.

To dissolve a log into boards of equal thickness, do the following.

To cut logs across the grain, a cross-cut saw chain must be installed on the machine. Basically, the cross cut is used for cutting firewood... Small cylinders are obtained, which are further split into firewood. To make it convenient to cut firewood, the log is laid on trestles with a height of 600-800 mm.

The same way is carried out and trimming of timber.

Sawing scheme of logs

Below is a diagram showing how to properly dissolve a log into boards and beams.

This operation can be performed in several ways.

Sawing of a square bar occurs from the core of the log.
To get 2 rectangular beams, a square beam is sawn into 2 pieces.
By sawing a log crosswise, you can get 4 beams.
This type of sawing is called “wobble” and is used on sawmill frames. All boards are unedged.
With this type of cutting of a log, you can get a two-edged beam, as well as several unedged boards and a couple of slabs.
Radial sawing, which is complex in its execution. Salient feature boards with such sawing - vertical growth rings.
A two-edged beam is dissolved into edged boards and 2 wane.
For boards with a horizontal arrangement of growth rings, the front side is called the one that is turned to the center of the log (core), and the back side is turned to the sapwood (this is the name of the trunk periphery).

What is carving

The word “carving” came into our language from English and means “carving”. This is the name of curly woodcarving with a chainsaw. This art of skillful use of the instrument is beginning to gain popularity in our country. For carving, use the usual light chainsaws such as the Husqvarna 135.

Chainsaw Husqvarna 135

The chainsaw has a small size, develops the necessary power, has a weight of 4.4 kg and an easy engine start. The tire should be set to a medium size, about 14 inches. The chain is selected in 3/8-inch increments. It is recommended to immediately purchase special chains. For example, the STIHL Carving Rapid Micro Spezial (RMS) chain has a ¼ ”pitch, shortened teeth and is specially designed for curved cutting in wood. The Husqvarna 135 saw is well suited for the beginner carving player.

Chainsaw Husqvarna 450e II

As you gain experience, you can use more powerful units.

Sculptures made of wood using a chainsaw are widely used in parks, city streets, near cafes, restaurants and other public places, and always attract the genuine attention of passers-by.

For example, seeing such a product in the park, few people pass it by indifferently.

The imagination and skill of professional carvingists sometimes cause surprise and admiration.

Achieving these results takes a tremendous amount of effort and takes years of practice to hone your craft. After all, even having tried to make any simple product with your own hands, you will immediately understand that wood carving with a chainsaw is not an easy process. But if you are overwhelmed with the desire to learn this art, then, undoubtedly, you will be able to realize all your plans and decorate your site with products that have no analogues.

What can beginner carving masters do?

If you want to try your hand at woodcarving with a chainsaw, then first you should choose any simple figure for example you can cut outmushroom or cube.

Take your wood choice seriously. If it is wet, then the finished product will crack after drying, and the result of your labors will be ruined.

So, in the beginning it is necessary to make a blank out of wood with a chainsaw, that is, to give the product a general outline. No special precision is needed at this stage. It is only important not to remove the excess. Hold the object sketch or reference in front of you to more accurately represent the proportions of the finished sculpture.

Finished wooden sculptures are sanded with sandpaper and covered with a protective layer, paint or varnish. As you acquire skills, you can start making more complex figures... Handicrafts made from logs, namely pillars depicting people or animals, are very popular among chainsaw carvers. They are installed vertically (buried in the ground). The photo below shows the manufacturing process of a simple figures of a bear from a log, which is suitable for beginner carvingists.

To create birds more experience and dexterity are required, since very small details of the sculpture (head, feathers, etc.) have to be processed.

Wood, like natural stone, is one of the most ancient building materials... Despite the huge selection of various artificially created materials existing today on the construction market, timber is still highly popular. In order to get high-quality sawn timber, the log must be cut into boards. In this article, we will show you how to cut a log into planks.

Types of cutting logs

Sawing logs into boards is carried out in two main ways:

radial
tangential.

In addition, additional methods are possible:

mixed
semi-radial (rustic)
central.

Radial sawing is a type of sawing during which the axis of the cut runs through the core of the log and, as a result, the annual rings in the section of the board form an angle of 76 - 900. The lumber obtained with this cut has a uniform color and texture. Timber hardly undergoes deformation during shrinkage and does not swell when wet, because the dimensions of the wood change mainly along the line of the rings (across the fibers). In radial sawn timber, the annual rings are located in thickness. Such materials are distinguished by the highest performance indicators in comparison with other types of sawn timber.

Tangential cutting is carried out along tangents to the lines of the annual rings at a short distance from its core. The layers of the boards obtained are distinguished by a pronounced texture and a bright wavy pattern of annual rings. Such lumber is characterized by higher shrinkage and moisture swelling coefficients compared to radial sawn boards. As a result, they are strongly deformed when exposed to moisture. Such boards are in demand for use in dry conditions.

Rustic (semi-radial) and mixed types of sawing have signs of two main types of sawing at the same time: radial and tangential. Therefore, they exhibit average shrinkage and swelling rates. Rustic cut boards are distinguished by straight lines of annual rings, which are located at angles of 46 - 75 degrees. to the layers. Mixed sawn timber differs in that the lines change from straight at the edges (in width) of the board, to arched towards the middle.

The center cut is made directly in the center of the trunk and contains the core. Taking into account the fact that the core of the trunk is the wood with the lowest strength values, center-sawn timber is characterized by a structure that is not uniform in strength.

Wood balance when sawing

Diameter of logs	Volumetric output,%
Diameter of logs	sleepers	boards	general	sawdust	piece. out.

Log sawing tools

Tools and cutting methods depend on the total volume of the logs, such indicators as length, thickness. In addition, you need to take into account the quality of the future sawn timber. Sawing a log involves working with different tools and specialized equipment. In order to get a small volume of lumber at home, a manual method of processing logs using a chainsaw or traditional hand-held hacksaws with teeth for longitudinal cutting is suitable.

The sawmill is perhaps the most known type sawmill equipment. This is a woodworking machine in which gang saws are present. On the sawmill, rip sawn timber is obtained, for example, edged board or timber. Sawmills allow processing logs with a diameter of 15 to 80 cm and a length of up to 7 m.

Sawing logs into boards using circular saws (circular) machines is carried out using a circular saw. Such equipment is single-saw (single-disk) and multi-saw (multi-blade). Devices containing one disc are suitable for handling small and low quality feedstock. Large diameter round workpieces can be cut with multi-blade machines.

The most popular today are band sawmills. They are of two types: vertical and horizontal. The cutting tool in such equipment is a belt blade that is slipped onto the pulleys. Working with band saws guarantees quality longitudinal and mixed sawn timber, such as planks and squared beams. This produces the least amount of waste.

On large industrial enterprises use lines for sawing wood. They allow a very high surface quality and precise geometry of the final products to be achieved. These lines are characterized by the highest productivity.

In addition to all of the above equipment, such types of highly specialized sawmill equipment are used, such as debarking, edging, band-dividing and other types of machines.

Very often there are situations when you need to make a very small amount of boards or beams for your own needs. Of course, buying machines in this case is not an option at all. Having certain knowledge and skills, it is much more profitable to cut logs with my own hands using an electric or gasoline chain saw. Despite the fact that this work is rather laborious, the result is quite justified.

Most experts believe that a chainsaw is better suited for this purpose. Such equipment has high power and can function without interruption for a long time. In addition, the work of the chainsaw does not need electricity, so you can work far from the power supply, for example, right on the plot.

In order to cut a log into boards using a chainsaw, you will also need special tools, such as a mechanism for securing the log, a frame attachment for a chainsaw, and a guide for cutting. The attachment frame must be attached to the tire of the chainsaw so that it is possible for them to adjust the gap between it and the chain. This will make it possible to create boards with different thicknesses. It is worth purchasing a special chain for longitudinal sawing. It has a special sharpening angle. A guide ruler can be made from metal profile the required length or flat rigid board.

Before starting work, you need to remove all the bark and remaining branches from the blanks, and also carefully examine the log for various flaws. This way, you can choose the most suitable cutting pattern and therefore reduce the amount of possible waste.

If you are ripping logs, you need to ensure that the resulting lumber is of the same density across the entire width. Since the density of wood from the northern part of the log is much higher than from the southern part, the sawing is carried out in a plane directed from east to west (or in reverse order).

The first step is to remove the slabs from two opposite ends of the log. As a result, a two-edged beam will be obtained, which is then cut into boards or other lumber of equal thickness, according to the planned sawing scheme. The end product is an unedged board, from which the edges are then necessarily removed.

For centuries, timber has been the most popular raw material for housing construction. Today, modern equipment has replaced primitive processing methods. For example, craftsmen use a sawmill to cut timber and process them to the desired size. The disadvantage of such a machine is the cost. For this reason, many people make mini sawmills based on chainsaws.

04 april

Did you like the article? Share it

Print article