SNiP 3.03.01-87 Bearing and enclosing structures

BUILDING REGULATIONS

BEARING
AND GUARDING STRUCTURES

SNiP 3.03.01-87

STATE CONSTRUCTION COMMITTEE of the USSR

MOSCOW 1989

DEVELOPED TSNIIOMTP Gosstroy USSR (Doctor of Technical Sciences V. D. Topchiy; Candidates of Technical Sciences Sh.L. Machabeli, R. A. Kagramanov, B. V. Zhadanovsky, Yu. B. Chirkov, V. V. Shishkin , N. I. Evdokimov, V. P. Kolodiy, L. N. Karnaukhova, I. I. Sharov; Doctor of Technical Sciences K. I. Bashlay; A. G. Prozorovsky); NIIZhB Gosstroy of the USSR (Doctor of Technical Sciences B.A. Krylov; Candidates of Technical Sciences O.S. Ivanova, E.N. Malinsky, R.K. Zhitkevich, B.P. N.K. Rosenthal, N.F.Shesterkina, A.M. Fridman; Doctor of Technical Sciences V.V. Zhukov); VNIPIPromstalkonstruktsiya of the USSR Ministry of Montazhspetsstroy (B. Ya. Moyzhes, B. B. Rubanovich), TsNIISK named after Kucherenko of the USSR State Construction Committee (Doctor of Technical Sciences L. M. Kovalchuk; Candidates of Technical Sciences V. A. Kameiko, I. P. Preobrazhenskaya; L. M. Lomova); TsNIIProektstalkonstruktsii Gosstroy of the USSR (B.N.Malinin; Candidate of Engineering Sciences V.G. Kravchenko); VNIIMontazhspetsstroy of the USSR Minmontazhspetsstroy (G.A.Ritchik); TsNIIEP dwellings of the State Committee for Architecture and Construction (S. B. Vilensky) with the participation of Donetsk Promstroyniiproekt, Krasnoyarsk Promstroyniiproject of the USSR Gosstroy; Gorky Civil Engineering Institute named after Chkalov of the USSR State Committee for Public Education; VNIIG them. Vedeneev and Orgenergostroy of the USSR Ministry of Energy; TsNIIS of the USSR Ministry of Transport; Institute Aeroproject of the USSR Ministry of Civil Aviation; NIIMosstroy of the Moscow City Executive Committee.

INTRODUCED TSNIIOMTP Gosstroy USSR.
PREPARED FOR APPROVAL by the Office of Standardization and technical standards in the construction of the USSR State Construction Committee (A. I. Golyshev, V. V. Bakonin, D. I. Prokofiev).
With the entry into force of SNiP 3.03.01-87 "Supporting and enclosing structures", the following are no longer valid:
chapter SNiP III-15-76 "Monolithic concrete and reinforced concrete structures";
SN 383-67 "Instructions for the production and acceptance of work during the construction of reinforced concrete tanks for oil and oil products";
chapter SNiP III-16-80, "Prefabricated concrete and reinforced concrete structures";
SN 420-71 "Instructions for sealing joints during the installation of building structures";
chapter of SNiP III-18-75 "Metal structures" regarding the installation of structures ";
clause 11 "Amendments and additions to the head of SNiP III-18-75" Metal structures ", approved by the decree of the USSR State Construction Committee of April 19, 1978 No. 60;
chapter SNiP III-17-78 "Stone structures";
chapter SNiP III-19-76 "Wooden structures";
SN 393-78 "Instructions for welding joints and embedded parts of reinforced concrete structures."

When using a regulatory document, the approved changes in building codes and regulations should be taken into account and state standards published in the journal "Bulletin of Construction Technology", "Collection of changes to building codes and regulations" of the USSR State Construction Committee and the information index "USSR State Standards" of the USSR State Standard.

/ SNiP 3.03.01-87 Bearing and enclosing structures.

/ VSN 54-96 Instructions for sealing panel joints using Macroflex
/ СН 420-71 Construction norms and rules for sealing joints
/ VSN 19-95 Instructions on the technology of sealing butt joints of panels of external walls of residential buildings
/ VSN 40-96 Instructions when performing work on sealing the joints of external walls and window blocks
/ TR 94.10-99 Technical regulations for sealing the joints of external enclosing structures
/ TR 94.07-99 Technical regulations for sealing the joints of external enclosing structures
/ Technological map 3 Sealing of joints of external wall panels, during repair of series 1-464
/ Manual to SNiP II-22-81 Expansion joints in the walls of buildings, sealing expansion joints
/ Methods of sealing open and closed vertical joints of panels and their structures
/ TR 196-08 Technical recommendations on the technology of sealing and sealing joints of external wall panels
/ 44-03 TC Technological map. Sealing joints of external enclosing structures
/ VSN-119-75 instructions for sealing joints during the repair of prefabricated buildings
/ VSN 42-96 Instructions on the technology of sealing windows using sealants
/ TR 116-01 Technical recommendations on the technology of sealing the joints of external wall panels
/ Guidelines for quality control and testing of joints of external wall panels of large-panel houses
/ Typical technical solutions to improve the thermal protection of buildings of the I-335 series
/ TR 95.07-99 Technological regulations for sealing joints of external enclosing structures
/ Table 53-21. Repair and restoration of sealing joints of external wall panels and jointing of wall panels and floor panels
/ VSN 170-80 "Instruction Sealing vertical and horizontal joints of panels of external walls of the P44 / 16 series
/ VSN 17-94 Instructions on mechanized technology for thermal insulation of joints of external wall panels of residential buildings with phenol-formaldehyde foam
/ Instructions for thermal insulation of joints along the contour of window blocks of residential buildings of the Vilan-405 system
/ Technical recommendations on the technology of application of the complex system of materials TR 116-01
/ TR 105-00 Technical recommendations for the installation of PVC window frames

BUILDING REGULATIONS

LOADING AND GUARDING STRUCTURES

Date of introduction 1988-07-01

DEVELOPED TSNIIOMTP Gosstroy USSR (Doctor of Technical Sciences V.D. Topchiy; Candidates of Technical Sciences Sh.L. Machabeli, R.A.Kagramanov, B.V. Zhadanovsky, Yu.B. Chirkov, V.V. Shishkin , N.I. Evdokimov, V.P. Kolodiy, L.N. Karnaukhova, I.I.Sharov; Doctor of Technical Sciences K.I.Bashlay; A.G. Prozorovsky); NIIZhB Gosstroy of the USSR (Doctor of Engineering Sciences B.A. Krylov; Candidates of Engineering Sciences O.S. Ivanova, E.N. Malinsky, R.K. Zhitkevich, B.P. Goryachev, A.V. Lagoida, N.K. Rosenthal, N.F.Shesterkina, A.M. Fridman; Doctor of Technical Sciences V.V. Zhukov); VNIPIPromstalkonstruktsiya USSR Ministry of Montazhspetsstroy (B.Ya. Moizhes, B.B. Rubanovich), TsNIISK them. Kucherenko of the USSR State Construction Committee (Doctor of Technical Sciences L.M. Kovalchuk; Candidates of Technical Sciences V.A.Kameiko, I.P. Preobrazhenskaya; L.M. Lomova); TsNIIProektstalkonstruktsii Gosstroy of the USSR (B.N.Malinin; Candidate of Engineering Sciences V.G. Kravchenko); VNIIMontazhspetsstroy of the USSR Minmontazhspetsstroy (G.A. Ritchik); TsNIIEP dwellings of the State Committee for Architecture and Construction (S.B. Vilensky) with the participation of Donetsk Promstroyniiproekt, Krasnoyarsk Promstroyniiproject of the USSR Gosstroy; Gorky Civil Engineering Institute named after Chkalov of the USSR State Committee for Public Education; VNIIG them. Vedeneev and Orgenergostroy of the USSR Ministry of Energy; TsNIIS of the USSR Ministry of Transport; Institute Aeroproject of the USSR Ministry of Civil Aviation; NIIMosstroy of the Moscow City Executive Committee.

INTRODUCED TSNIIOMTP Gosstroy USSR.

PREPARED FOR APPROVAL by the Department of Standardization and Technical Norms in Construction of the USSR State Construction Committee (A. I. Golyshev, V. V. Bakonin, D. I. Prokofiev).

APPROVED by the decree of the State Construction Committee of the USSR of December 4, 1987 No. 280

With the entry into force of SNiP 3.03.01-87 "Bearing and Fencing Structures", the following will lose their validity:

chapter SNiP III-15-76 "Monolithic concrete and reinforced concrete structures";

SN 383-67 "Instructions for the production and acceptance of work during the construction of reinforced concrete tanks for oil and oil products";

chapter SNiP III-16-80 "Prefabricated concrete and reinforced concrete structures";

chapter /gost/id.2406/ regarding the installation of structures ";

clause 11 of Amendments and additions to the chapter of SNiP III-18-75 "Metal structures", approved by the decree of the USSR State Construction Committee of April 19, 1978 No. 60;

head of SNiP III-17-78 | Stone structures ";

chapter SNiP III-19-76 "Wooden structures";

SN 393-78 "Instructions for welding joints of reinforcement and embedded parts of reinforced concrete structures".

5. INSTALLATION OF WOODEN STRUCTURES

5.1. Acceptance of wooden structures must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of Sec. 1 and 5. When accepting glued timber structures, the requirements of GOST 20850-84 should also be taken into account.

Structures that have or have received defects and damage during transportation and storage, the elimination of which is not allowed in the conditions of the construction site (for example, delamination of adhesive joints, through cracks, etc.), must not be installed until the conclusion of the design organization-developer. In conclusion, a decision is made on the possibility of application, the need to strengthen damaged structures or replace them with new ones.

5.2. Prefabricated load-bearing elements of wooden structures should be supplied by the manufacturer to the construction site in full, together with the enclosing structures, roofing materials and all the details necessary for the design connections - overlays, fastening bolts, braces, hangers, turnbuckles, connection elements, etc., providing the possibility of object installation with grippers with a roofing device.

Covering slabs and wall panels must be supplied complete with standard fasteners, suspension parts (for suspended ceiling slabs), and materials for sealing joints.

Note. The responsibility for the complete set and delivery time of the structures is borne by the manufacturer of wooden structural elements.

5.3. When performing work on warehousing, transportation, storage and installation of wooden structures, their specific features should be taken into account:

the need for protection from prolonged atmospheric influences, in connection with which, during the performance of work, it is necessary to provide, as a rule, the installation of a building by grab, including the sequential erection of load-bearing structures, enclosing structures and roofs in a short time;

the minimum possible number of operations for turning and shifting wooden structures during loading, unloading and installation.

Structures or their elements treated with salt-based flame retardants should be stored under conditions that prevent structures from moisture and salt washout.

5.4. The load-bearing wooden structures of buildings should be mounted as enlarged as possible: in the form of semi-frames and semi-arches, fully assembled arches, sections or blocks, including coverings and roofs.

The enlarged assembly of wooden structures with tightening should be done only in a vertical position, without tightening - in a horizontal position.

The installation of linings in the ridge nodes of structures should be carried out after reaching a tight abutment of the abutting surfaces over a given area.

5.5. The installation of structures in prefabricated elements should be started only after tightening all metal joints and eliminating defects arising during transportation and storage.

5.6. In case of contact of wooden structures with brickwork, soil, monolithic concrete, etc. before starting the installation, it is necessary to carry out the insulation work provided for by the project.

5.7. Tolerances and deviations characterizing the accuracy of construction and installation works, are assigned by the work production project depending on the specified accuracy class (determined by functional, structural, technological and economic requirements) and are determined in accordance with GOST 21779-82. The rest of the deviations should not exceed those indicated in table. 24.

Table 24

─────────────────────────┬────────────────┬───────────────────────

Technical requirements │ Limit Control (method,

│deviations│volume, type of registration)

─────────────────────────┼────────────────┼───────────────────────

1. Depth deviation +/- 2 mm Measuring, each

cut from the design element

2. Deviation in distance - ││ Same

between centers││

working bolts, nag- ││

lei, dowels in the connection-││

niyah regarding

project: ││

for inlet holes - │ +/- 2 mm

tiy││selective

for outlet holes-│2% of the thickness of the pack-│

tiy across the fibers │that, but not more than │

│5 mm│

for outlet holes-│4% of the thickness of the pack-│

along the grain, but not more than │

│10 mm│

3. Deviation in distance - │ +/- 2 mm Same

between centers││

nails from the side││

hammering in nail

connections││

4. Deviation of edges: │ +/- 3 mm Measuring,

crowns of chopped walls in each crown

from the horizontal by 1 m ││

lengths and walls burned-out ││

dock from vertical to

1 m height││

─────────────────────────┴────────────────┴───────────────────────

5.8. Mounting wooden beams, arches, frames and trusses should be produced in accordance with the PPR developed by a specialized organization.

Installation of arches and frames with connections on working bolts or dowels should be carried out with fixed support units.

Installation of wooden structures with a span of 24 m or more should be carried out only by a specialized installation organization.

5.9. The assembly of timber trusses must be carried out with a building lift created at the construction site and determined by the project.

5.10. Bevelless three-jointed trusses made of straight-line glued elements with wooden and metal ties must first be assembled from individual elements on a special stand or site.

5.11. When installing wooden columns, racks, etc., as well as when joining their elements, it is necessary to achieve a tight abutment of the ends of the mating structure. The size of the gap in the joints on one edge should not exceed 1 mm. Through slots are not allowed.

5.12. Before installation, in wooden columns and racks, markings should be made for placing crossbars, purlins, struts, ties, panels and other structures.

5.13. When installing wall panels, the upper panel should not sink in relation to the lower one.

5.14. Covering slabs should be laid in the direction from the eaves to the ridge with their support areas on the supporting structures of at least 5 cm. Between the slabs, it is necessary to maintain gaps that provide.

It is forbidden to carry out general construction and special work on slabs laid in the covering that do not have an upper sheathing, it is forbidden to carry out general construction and special work: the design of the abutments of the slabs to the walls, sealing the joints between the slabs, roofing and minor repairs. To carry out these works on the roof, as well as for the storage of materials and parts, the installation of various devices and mechanisms in certain areas of the coating, in accordance with the project for the production of works, it is necessary to arrange a temporary boardwalk, as well as to use portable ladders.

(approved by the decree of the USSR State Construction Committee of December 4, 1987 N 280) (as amended on May 22, 2003) Instead of SNiP III-15-76; CH 383-67; SNiP III-16-80; CH 420-71; SNiP III-18-75; SNiP III-17-78; SNiP III-19-76; SN 393-78

Document text

Construction norms and rules SNiP 3.03.01-87
"Bearing and enclosing structures"
(approved by the decree of the USSR State Construction Committee of December 4, 1987 N 280)
(as amended on May 22, 2003)

Instead of SNiP III-15-76; CH 383-67; SNiP III-16-80; CH 420-71;

SNiP III-18-75; SNiP III-17-78; SNiP III-19-76; SN 393-78

installation of building structures

corrosion protection of welded joints

monolithing of assembly joints and assemblies

making bolted field connections with

controlled tension

curing concrete during winter concreting

monolithic structures

diamond tools for processing concrete and

monolithic concrete and reinforced concrete structures

tank (water tower tank)

solutions and their compositions

additives to solutions, conditions of their use and expected

mortar strength

Concrete mix

2.3. Dosing of the components of concrete mixtures should be carried out by weight. Dosing by volume of water of additives introduced into the concrete mixture in the form of aqueous solutions is allowed. The ratio of components is determined for each batch of cement and aggregates, when preparing concrete of the required strength and mobility. The dosage of the components should be adjusted during the preparation process. concrete mix taking into account the data of control of indicators of properties of cement, moisture content, granulometry of aggregates and control of strength.

2.4. The order of loading the components, the duration of mixing the concrete mixture should be established for specific materials and conditions of the used concrete mixing equipment by assessing the mobility, homogeneity and strength of concrete in a specific batch. When introducing pieces of fibrous materials (fibers), such a method of introducing them should be provided so that they do not form lumps and irregularities.

When preparing a concrete mixture using separate technology, the following procedure must be observed:

water, part of sand, finely ground mineral filler (if used) and cement are dosed into a working high-speed mixer, where everything is mixed;

the resulting mixture is fed into a concrete mixer, pre-loaded with the remainder of the aggregates and water, and everything is mixed again.

2.5. Transportation and supply of concrete mixes should be carried out by specialized means that ensure the preservation of the specified properties of the concrete mix. It is forbidden to add water at the place of placing the concrete mixture to increase its mobility.

2.6. The composition of the concrete mixture, preparation, acceptance rules, control methods and transportation must comply with GOST 7473-85.

Instead of GOST 7473-85, the resolution of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated June 26, 1995 introduced GOST 7473-94

2.7. Requirements for the composition, preparation and transportation of concrete mixes are given in Table 1.

Table 1

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1 area of ​​use

1.1 This set of rules applies to the production and acceptance of work performed during the construction and reconstruction of enterprises, buildings and structures in all sectors of the national economy: when erecting monolithic concrete and reinforced concrete structures from heavy, extra heavy, on porous aggregates, heat-resistant and alkali-resistant concrete, when production of work on gunning and underwater concreting; in the manufacture of precast concrete and reinforced concrete structures in a construction site; when assembling prefabricated reinforced concrete, steel, wooden structures and structures made of lightweight effective materials; when welding erection joints of building steel and reinforced concrete structures, joints of reinforcement and embedded products of monolithic reinforced concrete structures; in the production of works on the construction of stone and reinforced stone structures from ceramic and silicate bricks, ceramic, silicate, natural and concrete stones, brick and ceramic panels and blocks, concrete blocks. The requirements of this set of rules should be taken into account when designing the structures of buildings and structures.

1.2 When erecting special structures - highways, bridges, pipes, steel tanks and gasholders, tunnels, subways, airfields, hydrotechnical reclamation and other structures, as well as when erecting buildings and structures on permafrost and subsiding soils, undermined areas and in seismic regions, one should additionally be guided by the requirements of the relevant regulatory documents.

2.1 Throughout this code of practice, references are made to the following regulations: GOST 379-95 Silicate bricks and stones. Specifications GOST 450-77 Technical calcium chloride. Specifications GOST 530-07 Ceramic bricks and stones. General technical conditions GOST 828-77 Technical sodium nitrate. Specifications GOST 965-89 White Portland cements. Specifications GOST 969-91 Alumina and high-alumina cements. Specifications GOST 1581-96 Oil well portland cements. Specifications GOST 2081-2010 Urea. Specifications GOST 2246-70 Steel welding wire. Specifications GOST 3242-79 Welded joints. Quality control methods GOST 5264-80 Manual arc welding. Welded connections. Basic types, structural elements and dimensions GOST 5578-94 Crushed stone and sand from slags of ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy for concrete. Specifications GOST 5686-94 Soils. Field test methods with piles GOST 5802-86 Building mortars. Test methods GOST 6402-70 Spring washers. Specifications GOST 6996-66 Welded joints. Methods for determining mechanical properties GOST 7076-99 Building materials and products. Method for determination of thermal conductivity and thermal resistance under stationary thermal conditions GOST 7473-2010 Concrete mixtures. Specifications GOST 7512-82 Non-destructive testing. Welded connections. Radiographic method GOST 7566-94 Metal products. Acceptance, marking, packaging, transportation and storage GOST 8267-93 Crushed stone and gravel from dense rocks for construction works... Specifications GOST 8269.0-97 Crushed stone and gravel from dense rocks and waste industrial production for construction work. Methods of physical and mechanical tests GOST 8713-79 Submerged arc welding. Welded connections. Basic types, structural elements and dimensions GOST 8735-88 Sand for construction work. Test methods GOST 8736-93 Sand for construction work. Specifications GOST 9087-81 Fused welding fluxes. Specifications GOST 9206-80 Diamond powders. Specifications GOST 9467-75 Coated metal electrodes for manual arc welding of structural and heat-resistant steels. Types of GOST 9757-90 Artificial porous gravel, crushed stone and sand. Specifications GOST 9758-2012 Porous inorganic fillers for construction work. Test methods GOST 10060-2012 Concrete. Methods for determining frost resistance GOST 10178-85 Portland cement and slag Portland cement. Specifications GOST 10180-90 Concrete. Methods for determining strength according to control samples GOST 10181-2000 Concrete mixtures. Test methods GOST 10243-75 Steel. Methods for testing and evaluating the macrostructure GOST 10541-78 Universal motor oils and for automobiles carburetor engines... Specifications GOST 10690-73 Technical potassium carbonate (potash). Specifications GOST 10832-2009 Expanded perlite sand and crushed stone. Specifications GOST 10906-78 Oblique washers. Specifications GOST 10922-90 Reinforcing and embedded products, their welded, knitted and mechanical connections for reinforced concrete structures. General specifications GOST 11052-74 Expandable gypsum-alumina cement GOST 11371-78 Washers. Specifications GOST 11533-75 Automatic and semi-automatic submerged arc welding. Welded joints at sharp and obtuse angles. Basic types, structural elements and dimensions GOST 11534-75 Manual arc welding. Welded joints at sharp and obtuse angles. Basic types, structural elements and dimensions GOST 12730.5-84 Concrete. Methods for determining water resistance GOST 12865-67 Expanded vermiculite GOST 13015-2003 Concrete and reinforced concrete products for construction. General technical requirements ... Rules for acceptance, marking, transportation and storage GOST 13087-81 Concrete. Methods for determining abrasion GOST 14098-91 Welded joints of reinforcement and embedded products of reinforced concrete structures. Types, designs and dimensions GOST 14771-76 Gas shielded arc welding. Welded connections. Basic types, structural elements and dimensions GOST 14782-86 Non-destructive testing. Welded connections. Ultrasonic methods GOST 15150-69 Machines, devices and other technical products. Versions for different climatic regions. Categories, conditions of operation, storage and transportation in terms of the impact of climatic factors of the external environment GOST 15164-78 Electroslag welding. Welded connections. Basic types, structural elements and dimensions GOST 15825-80 Colored Portland cement. Specifications GOST 16037-80 Welded joints of steel pipelines. Basic types, structural elements and dimensions GOST ISO / IEC 17025-2009 General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories GOST 17624-87 Concrete. Ultrasonic method for determining the strength GOST 18105-2010 Concrete. Rules for the control and assessment of strength GOST 18442-80 Non-destructive testing. Capillary methods. General requirements GOST 19906-74 Technical sodium nitrite. Specifications GOST 20276-99 Soils. Methods for field determination of strength and deformability characteristics GOST 20799-88 Industrial oils. Specifications GOST 20850-84 Glued wooden structures. General specifications GOST 20910-90 Heat-resistant concretes. Specifications GOST 21104-75 Non-destructive testing. Fluxgate method GOST 21105-87 Non-destructive testing. Magnetic particle method GOST 21779-82 System for ensuring the accuracy of geometric parameters in construction. Technological tolerances GOST 21780-2006 System for ensuring the accuracy of geometric parameters in construction. Calculation of accuracy GOST 22263-76 Crushed stone and sand from porous rocks. Specifications GOST 22266-94 Sulfate-resistant cements. Specifications GOST 22690-88 Concrete. Determination of strength by mechanical methods of non-destructive testing GOST 22845-85 Electric passenger and cargo lifts. Rules for the organization, production and acceptance of installation work GOST 23118-99 Steel building structures. General technical conditions GOST 23407-78 Inventory fences for construction sites and areas for construction and installation works. Specifications GOST 23518-79 Gas-shielded arc welding. Welded joints at sharp and obtuse angles. Basic types, structural elements and dimensions GOST 23683-89 Solid petroleum paraffins. Specifications GOST 23732-2011 Water for concrete and mortars. Specifications GOST 23858-79 Butt welded joints and T-shaped reinforcement of reinforced concrete structures. Ultrasonic quality control methods. Acceptance rules GOST 24045-2010 Steel sheet bent profiles with trapezoidal corrugations for construction. Specifications GOST 24211-2008 Additives for concrete and mortars. General specifications GOST 24379.0-80 Foundation bolts. General specifications GOST 24846-81 Soils. Methods for measuring deformations of foundations of buildings and structures GOST 25192-82 Concrete. Classification and general technical requirements GOST 25225-82 Non-destructive testing. Seams of welded joints of pipelines. Magnetographic method GOST 25246-82 Chemically resistant concretes. Specifications GOST 25328-82 Cement for mortars. Specifications GOST 25485-89 Cellular concretes. Specifications GOST 25592-91 Ash and slag mixtures of thermal power plants for concrete. Specifications GOST 25818-91 Fly ash from thermal power plants for concrete. Specifications GOST 25820-2000 Light concretes. Specifications GOST 26271-84 Flux-cored wire for arc welding of carbon and low-alloy steels. General specifications GOST 26633-91 Heavy and fine-grained concretes. Specifications GOST 26644-85 Crushed stone and sand from slag of thermal power plants for concrete. Specifications GOST 26887-86 Platforms and stairs for construction and installation works. General technical conditions GOST 27005-86 Light and cellular concretes. Average density control rules GOST 27006-86 Concrete. Rules for the selection of the composition GOST 28013-98 Building solutions. General specifications GOST 28570-90 Concrete. Methods for determining strength on samples taken from structures GOST 30515-97 Cements. General technical conditions GOST 30971-2002 Seams of assembly units for joining window blocks to wall openings. General technical conditions GOST 31108-2003 General construction cements. Specifications GOST 31384-2008 Protection of concrete and reinforced concrete structures from corrosion. General technical requirements GOST 12.1.046-85 SSBT. Construction. Lighting standards for construction sites GOST R 12.4.026-2001 SSBT. Signal colors, safety signs and signal markings. Purpose and application rules. General technical requirements and characteristics. Test methods GOST R 51254-99 Assembly tool for normalized tightening threaded connections... Momentary keys. General specifications GOST R 51263-99 Polystyrene concrete. Specifications GOST R 51634-2000 Automotive motor oils. General technical requirements GOST R 52085-2003 Formwork. General specifications GOST R 52752-2007 Formwork. Test methods SP 15.13330.2012 "SNiP II-22-81 * Stone and reinforced masonry structures" SP 16.13330.2011 "SNiP II-23-81 * Steel structures" SP 20.13330.2011 "SNiP 2.01.07-85 * Loads and impacts" SP 25.13330.2012 “SNiP 2.02.04-88 Bases and foundations on permafrost” SP 28.13330.2012 “SNiP 2.03.11-85 Protection of building structures from corrosion” SP 45.13330.2012 “SNiP 3.02.01-87 Earthworks, foundations and foundations ”SP 46.13330.2012“ SNiP 3.06.04-91 Bridges and pipes ”SP 48.13330.2011“ SNiP 12-01-2004 Construction organization ”SP 50.13330.2012“ SNiP 23-02-2003 Thermal protection of buildings ”SP 130.13330. 2011 "SNiP 3.09.01-85 Production of precast concrete structures and products"

Note- When using this set of rules, it is advisable to check the validity of the reference standards in the information system common use- on the official website of national authorities Russian Federation on standardization on the Internet or according to the annually published information index "National Standards", which was published as of January 1 of the current year, and according to the corresponding monthly published information indexes published in the current year. If the referenced document is replaced (changed), then when using this set of rules, one should be guided by the replaced (changed) document. If the referenced document is canceled without replacement, then the provision in which the link to it is given applies to the extent that does not affect this link.

3 General requirements

3.1 The organization and production of work on the construction of buildings and structures, the arrangement of the construction site and workplaces must meet the requirements of and.

3.2 The organization and performance of work at the construction site must be carried out in compliance with the legislation of the Russian Federation and the requirements,.

3.3 Work should be carried out in accordance with the work production project (PPR), in which, along with general requirements should be provided for: sequence of installation of structures; measures to ensure the required accuracy of the installation; spatial immutability of structures during their pre-assembly and installation in the design position; stability of structures and parts of a building (structure) during construction; the degree of enlargement of structures and safe working conditions. The combined installation of structures and equipment should be carried out according to the PPR containing the procedure for combining work, interconnected schemes of erection tiers and zones, schedules of lifting structures and equipment. V necessary cases as part of the PPR, additional technical requirements should be developed aimed at improving the construction manufacturability of the structures being erected, which should be agreed in the prescribed manner with the organization - the project developer and included in the executive working drawings.

3.4 The construction site must be fenced in accordance with the requirements of GOST 23407 and marked with safety signs and inscriptions of the established form in accordance with the requirements of GOST R 12.4.026. The construction site, work areas, workplaces, driveways and approaches to them in the dark must be illuminated in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.1.046.

3.5 Data on the performance of construction and installation work should be entered daily in the logs of work on the installation of building structures (Appendix A), welding (Appendix B), corrosion protection of welded joints (Appendix C), embedding of assembly joints and assemblies (Appendix D), execution erection connections on bolts with controlled tension (Appendix D), a journal of concrete works (Appendix F), and also fix their position on geodetic executive schemes during the installation of structures. The quality of construction and installation works must be ensured by the current control of technological processes of preparatory and main works, as well as during the acceptance of works. Based on the results of current control of technological processes, certificates of inspection of hidden works are drawn up.

3.6 Structures, products and materials used in the construction of concrete, reinforced concrete, steel, timber and stone structures must meet the requirements of relevant standards, codes of practice and working drawings.

3.7 Transportation and temporary storage of structures (products) in the installation area should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of state standards for these structures (products), and for non-standardized structures (products), the following requirements should be observed: structures should be, as a rule, in a position corresponding to the design (beams, trusses, slabs, wall panels, etc.), and if this condition cannot be met, in a position convenient for transportation and transfer to installation (columns, flights of stairs, etc.), provided their strength is ensured; structures should be based on inventory lining and rectangular gaskets located in the places indicated in the project; the thickness of the gaskets must be at least 30 mm and at least 20 mm higher than the height of the slinging loops and other protruding parts of structures; for multi-tiered loading and storage of similar structures, linings and gaskets should be located on the same vertical along the line of lifting devices (loops, holes) or in other places specified in the working drawings; structures must be reliably fixed to prevent overturning, longitudinal and lateral displacement, mutual impacts against each other or against the structure Vehicle; fastenings must ensure the ability to unload each element from vehicles without disturbing the stability of the rest; the textured surfaces of load-bearing structures must be protected from damage and contamination; outlets of fittings and protruding parts must be protected from damage; factory markings must be accessible for inspection; small parts for mounting connections should be attached to the shipping elements or sent simultaneously with structures in a container equipped with tags indicating the brands of parts and their number; these parts should be stored under a canopy; fasteners should be stored indoors, sorted by types and brands, bolts and nuts  by strength classes and diameters, and high strength bolts, nuts and washers  and by lot.

3.8 Facade cladding and roof structures with textured and other finishing, thin-walled galvanized elements of load-bearing structures, fasteners and details of load-bearing and enclosing structures, shaped elements of facade and roof finishing, insulation and vapor barrier materials should be stored in an unheated warehouse with a hard floor covering. Storage of structures, cladding panels and parts in the warehouse is carried out in a packed form on wooden beams up to 10 cm thick, with a step of 0.5 m. The warehouse must be closed, dry, with a hard floor covering. It is not allowed to store the structures, panels and parts specified in this clause in open areas and together with aggressive chemical products.

3.9 Structures during storage should be sorted by brands and laid, taking into account the sequence of installation.

3.11 To ensure the safety of wooden structures during transportation and storage, inventory devices (lodgements, clamps, containers, soft slings) should be used with soft gaskets and linings installed at the points of support and contact of structures with metal parts. Structures should be stored under a canopy to protect them from exposure to solar radiation, alternate moistening and drying.

3.12 Prefabricated structures should be installed, as a rule, from vehicles or enlargement stands.

3.13 Before lifting each mounting element, it is necessary to check: compliance with its design mark; the condition of the embedded products and installation marks, the absence of dirt, snow, ice, damage to the finish, primer and paint; availability at the workplace of the necessary fittings and supporting materials; correctness and reliability of fastening of load-handling devices. Each mounting element must be equipped in accordance with the PPR means of paving, ladders and fences.

3.14 Slinging of the mounted elements should be carried out in the places indicated in the working drawings, and ensure their lifting and supply to the installation site in a position close to the design one. If it is necessary to change the slinging points, they must be agreed with the organization - the developer of the working drawings. Lifting operations with thin-walled galvanized structures, cladding panels and plates should be made using textile tape slings, vacuum grippers or other devices that exclude damage to structures and panels. It is forbidden to sling structures in arbitrary places, as well as for reinforcement outlets. Slinging schemes for enlarged flat and spatial blocks should ensure their strength, stability and invariability of geometric dimensions and shapes during lifting.

3.15 The elements to be mounted should be lifted smoothly, without jerks, swaying and rotation, as a rule, using guys. When lifting vertically located structures, one guy is used, horizontal elements and blocks - at least two. The structures should be lifted in two steps: first, to a height of 2030 cm, then, after checking the reliability of the slinging, carry out further lifting.

3.16 When installing mounting elements, the following must be ensured: stability and invariability of their position at all stages of installation; work safety; the accuracy of their position with the help of constant geodetic control; strength of field connections.

3.17 Structures should be installed in the design position according to the accepted guidelines (risks, pins, stops, edges, etc.). Structures with special embedded or other fixing devices should be installed according to these devices.

3.18 Mounting elements to be installed must be securely fastened before unstitching.

3.19 Until the end of the alignment and reliable (temporary or design) fastening of the installed element, it is not allowed to support the overlying structures on it, if such support is not provided for by the PPR.

3.20 In the absence of special requirements in the working drawings, the maximum deviations of the alignment of landmarks (edges or marks) when installing prefabricated elements, as well as deviations from the design position of structures completed by installation (erection), should not exceed the values ​​given in the relevant sections of this set of rules. Deviations for the installation of mounting elements, the position of which may change in the process of their constant fastening and loading with subsequent structures, should be assigned in the PPR so that they do not exceed the limit values ​​after the completion of all installation work. In the absence of special instructions in the PPR, the deviation of the elements during installation should not exceed 0.4 of the maximum deviation for acceptance.

3.21 The use of installed structures for attaching cargo chain blocks, branch blocks and other lifting devices to them is allowed only in cases provided for by the PPR and agreed, if necessary, with the organization that completed the working drawings of the structures.

3.22 Installation of structures of buildings (structures) should begin, as a rule, with a spatially stable part: a bonding cell, stiffening cores, etc. , temperature blocks, etc.).

3.23 Production quality control of construction and installation works should be carried out in accordance with SP 48.13330. During acceptance control, the following documentation should be submitted: as-built drawings with (if any) deviations made by the manufacturer of the structures, as well as by the installation organization, agreed with the design organizations - the developers of the drawings, and documents on their approval; factory technical passports for steel, reinforced concrete and wooden structures; documents (certificates, passports) certifying the quality of materials used in the production of construction and installation works; certificates of inspection of hidden works; acts of intermediate acceptance of critical structures; executive geodetic diagrams of the position of structures; work logs; documents on quality control of welded joints; structural test reports (if tests are provided for by additional rules of this set of rules or working drawings); other documents specified in additional rules or working drawings.

3.24 It is allowed in projects, with appropriate justification, to assign requirements for the accuracy of parameters, volumes and control methods that differ from those provided for by these rules. In this case, the accuracy of the geometric parameters of structures should be assigned based on the calculation of accuracy in accordance with GOST 21780.