Technical security systems. Using door opening sensors Door alarm GSM

The cheapest and numerous security detectors. They are molded on windows, doors, hatches and everything that can open and close - all sorts of lockers, for example, or hardware cabinets or safes - who has enough fantasy. The most simple stands from 20 rubles, so they are issued to installers with bundles as radishes beams. Customs SMK: Magnicontact signaling devices.

Official names of the IO-102-XX, where XX is the model number. For example, this, at the beginning of the article - IO-102-14 (SMK-14). In general, the people of their calls to the QMS or simply "eschashkashki".

Here is such a beam:

The principle of all one - in one half (which is without wires) placed a magnet, in another gercon - a small relyushka, which, when inserted into the magnetic field, closes (opens, switches - depends on the execution of the detector). Standard security loops on the gap work, i.e. The bulk of the detectors closes. By the way, "Gerkon" is a reduction from "hermetic contact". Tonya such a glass bowl with contact group Inside. Here is the disassembled QMS - hollow housing and armor on wiring:

In short, there is a magnet on the door, on the door of the magnet: opened the door, the contact turned around, the loop open - anxiety. Just like sneakers, and in general quite efficiently. Not a panacea of \u200b\u200bcourse - the window can be broken, cutting down and penetrate, without breaking the loop. In addition, I heard about the method of their deception - a powerful magnet from the outside is made, it holds it in the closed state of the germ when opening. Well, this is not so simple, you need to know exactly where it is located, i.e. Some preparation is needed, and the method of opposition itself suggests itself. In any case, the QMS is effective only when joint work with other types of security detectors. Standard set - QMS, highlights and acoustic detectors breaking glass - the next post will be about them in this section. There are also a bunch of other types of security detectors on different physical principles, and I will get to them, prying.

See more from the same series - Io-102-2 (QMS-1). There will be a little pain, and everything is the same. By the way, both for non-metallic surfaces.

For iron doors, gates and safes - the so-called garage QMS. They are more significantly, magnets are more powerful, the design is more involving. Well, for example: SMK-20. Handsome man, everything in an adult, clung only to a little - removed from somewhere, won traces of a screwdriver bits in the grooves.

Well, or SMK-26. Recently mystical some frills with one of them were on the delivery of the object. One of the loops is standing in the cliff with a closed door, we go to track - everything is in order, we begin to open the door - the loop comes to the norm, then, naturally, with further opening it is broken as it should be. It turned out that the gercon for some reason at the maximum approximation of the magnet was blocked. Turned the detector - went as it should. In the passport, I did not find any hints for this effect, as usual, once, it remains a mystery. He is, reptile:

But the detectors of the hidden installation, ending. They cut into the door and in the jamb opposite each other. Drilling "dozen" hole drill, the glue there is a little squeeze and pushing there. This fits great. Apply in case of increased requirements for the design of the room.

But the toy is more complicated and more expensive - C2000-SMK from the car. The addressable device, the built-in microcontroller, clins into a two-wire line of communication, exchanges signals with a C2000-KDL two-wire line controller. But on the principle of operation of the sensor is the same SMK-SCHE. He has an interesting feature - for the most beautiful fastening holes are located inside the housing, which is closed with an elegant lid (beauty is a terrible force). His fellow for metal doors Generally called the C2000-QMS "Estet". So this lid falls off constantly - the latches are shy. Before the delivery of the object of the lid, we collect - suddenly it will be necessary to rearrange somewhere, then bypassing, we go on the glue. Troublesome. So he, Pijon, was honored to be honored at my fighting "magic suitcase."

The statistics of offenses associated with the penetration of attackers inside the protected premises, says that the most popular and simple is to beat glass windows, windows, as well as hacking locks or doors. The probability of development of such a scenario, according to experts, is 66.5% today. Only a break of the wall can compete a little with beating window Operactions and hacking doors (16.9%), other options (selection of keys, a ceiling break, penetration through technological openings) barely exceed 5%.

Who is he, watchman doors and windows

To securely protect the doors, windows, gates, technological openings and other structures from the threat of damage or hacking by intruders, adequate technical security tools were required. The detectors of the magnetocontact, among which the most noticeable position occupies the detector of the security point magnetocontact - reliable sensor, is the most noticeable position - the sensor is reliable in operation and easy to install. Experts give him a high assessment in the matter of the likelihood of detecting an attempt to penetrate the territory protected by this device: it is 0.99, that is, in 99% of cases, the criminal will be detected by the sensor and the corresponding signal will go to the reservoir of the duty guard.

With the help of such sensors, not only the electrical signal is possible to turn on the audio alarm, but also the inclusion of devices that block doors (gate), windows to open, and objects - to move.

Protected structures can be made from both magnetic (iron) and non-magnetic material (wood, aluminum, fiberglass, polyvinyl chloride). This does not affect the operation of the magnetocontact detector.

The principle of construction and detector device

It is in the principle of building a sensor and its high reliability is laid. Here uses the interaction of the hermetic magneto-controlled contact (the repristed of the GERCON), which serves as an actuator, and a magnet that serves as a control element.

The executive element (GERCON) has very simple design: It immediately combined contact and magnetic systems that are hermetically sealed in a glass cylinder. Such a design of Hercoon made it possible to obtain characteristics, superior to known contacts: speed, stable parameters, high wear resistance and reliability.

Contacts are made of magnetic material, they are separated by a gap of only 300-500 μm, which has certain minuses: increased sparking and increased contact resistance. This leads to a sudden "sticking" of contacts and the failure of the detector.

Since there are no intermediate links in the recern, and the contacts commute the small electric current, the actuator has almost zero wear. This contributes to the fact that the cylinder is nitrogen under high pressurewhich eliminates the oxidation of contacts.

The control (specifying) element can be performed in several options: or magnetic pipeline.

Classification of magnetocontact detectors

Detectors, like any other equipment, are subject to standardization, and this task has been solved by the International Standard of IEC 62642-2-6. Its requirements apply to magnetocontact detectors intended for blocking doors, hatches, windows, containers.

This standard introduces four classes by the degree of risk for the specified sensors: 1 - low risk, 2 - intermediate between 1 and 3 classes Risk, 3 - average risk, 4 - high risk.

The classification given determines the critical and non-critical detector parameters for each class. For example, response and recovery distances, protection against damage to the alarm loop and the full loss of the supply voltage must be mandatory parameters for all four classes.

IN Russian Federation The detectors of 1 or 2 class of international standard IEC 62642-2-6 are used, that is, it is optional to indicate the detection of damage to the protected design, protection against foreign magnetic effects, low supply voltage.

Requirements for the functionality of magnetocontact detectors

Magnicontact detectors must meet certain requirements for their functionality, namely:

• the response distance eliminates the attempt to penetrate the attacker through a controlled design or movement of the security object, as well as the substitution of the detector's parts without feeding the alarm;
• the recovery distance should exclude a false response of the detector. - the relative displacement of the detector blocks (allegation) should not lead to the termination of its work;

The indicators of the functionality of the magnetocontact detectors depend on the type of sensor, its size, installation location, protected design material.

Marking Sensor

The magnetocontact sensor has a standardized name - a detector security spot magnetocontact IO. The following is a digital code that characterizes the detection zone and the principle of the detector.

For example, the detector of the magnetocontact Io 102 (SMC) has a labeling of IO 102, saying that this equipment belongs to the type of detectors (letter and), is used in security systems (Letter O), has a point detection zone (figure 1) and the magnetocontact principle of operation (figures 0 and 2).

Select a detector

The choice of such equipment as a detector of the security magnetocontact Io is an important step. First of all, it must correspond to the place of installation, the material of the protected design, the conditions of detention, as well as your requirements.

If it is necessary to protect a separate item, then this task will perform a detector security magnetocontact Io 102-2 (push button).

To block doors, windows and other elements of the room, Io 102-20 / A2 is perfect. He is also able to protect himself from sabotage ("trap"). That is, the noiselessness of the sensor is an important aspect in the questions of its choice.
The conditions of the detector should also be taken into account, and if the explosive environment, then the Io 102-26 / V sensor is suitable for it.

The sensor is designed for air temperature from minus 40 to plus 50 degrees Celsius.

Attention is also drawn to the characteristics of Herkeon: they must comply with your conditions.

Installation of detector blocks

The detector is the point magnetocontact and the signaling cable are attached to the surface of the protected design from the room side. The control element is attached, as a rule, on a moving part of the structure (door, fortification, cover), and an actuator with alarm loop - on a stationary (door jamb, frame, housing).

The method of fastening the detector depends on the surface on which its installation is carried out: on the tree - screws, on metal - screws, on glass - "Contact" glue. A dielectric gasket is installed between the detector blocks and the mounting surface.

The described method of installation refers to the open type, but in some cases the need for a hidden sensor mounting occurs. To do this, there are detectors of a cylindrical form. The sample form itself allows you to install it secretively from prying eyes and not disrupt the interior of the room. But this type of installation has a certain disadvantage: it is fundamentally important to comply with the coaxiality of the ends of the executive and control elements of the detector (within 2-3 mm).

Sabotage sensors and how to deal with him

According to amateurs, magnetocontact detectors are easily capable, that is, ignored. And it is done, in their opinion, with the help of an external strong magnet.
In reality, this is not the case, especially if we are talking about in this case, the sabotage of the sensors is almost impossible, since the steel will clone the effect of an external magnet, and it does not reach the actuator.

In cases with a non-metallic design, it is also not simple: a certain orientation of an external magnet is required, otherwise its impact on the actuator can cause opening of the Herron and the alarm triggering.

If these arguments are unconvincing, then there are simple ways Protection against sabotage of detectors:

• the use of two sets of magnetocontact sensors with multidirectional magnets, which are from each other about 15 mm and connected sequentially;
• using an additional screen as a steel plate with a thickness of 0.5 mm and more;

Briefly about shortcomings

Announcer Magnicontact SMC has certain features of the actuator that limit it:

• dependence of contacts from the power of the magnet of the control element and the control current;
• the dependence of the switching ability from the volume of the cylinder Herchen;

the length of the contacts contributes to their significant strains in vibration and shuffles;

Conclusion

The magnetocontact detector of IO is deservedly considered the simplest and most reliable means of protecting objects and structures from intruders. A significant advantage of the sensor is its low cost. Protection systems containing this type of detectors is often preferred. Today there are many security systems created by innovative technologies, but the magnetocontact detectors remain in demand so far.

No full-fledged security alarm system, access control can not not use the magnetocontact detector. It provides simple and reliable control of the positions of windows, doors, barriers, cock-beams and other moving parts of devices.

It began to be applied almost immediately after launching into mass production in the 40s of the last century magnetically controlled contacts in a hermetic case, and it is still widely used. The second name "Gerkon" (reducing "hermetic contact") due to the main element of the sensor design.

Application area

Magnicontact sensors have been widely used in automation and security systems. They work almost in any climatic conditionsare not afraid of an aggressive environment, dust, gaspace. Thanks to the functioning of work contacts in an isolated inert environment, they are explosion-proof.

In automated complexes, magnetocontact sensors perform the control functions of the liquid level, linear movement, the end switches, etc.

Accordingly, it is used in almost all enterprises, regardless of the industry, where automation devices are used. In safety systems, they are often called door opening / closing sensors, although they are also used to control the position of windows, safes, table boxes and other items. Thanks to the coupling of contacts, the contacts are used in stationary alarm buttons and pedals are used in some gear destruction sensors.

Advantages and disadvantages

Among the security sensors, the magnetic contact detector is the most reliable, cheap, simple and durable device.

Switched contacts are in a glass sealed capsule in an inert gas medium, so they can be used in explosive and chemically active rooms.

Contacts are covered with a layer of gold or rhodium, which provides high wear resistance and reliability. Can work in the range from -50 to +50 degrees Celsius. Managers and switched chains are galvanically unleashed.

The disadvantage is the rattle of contacts, but it is overcome by turning on the filters. Sensors react to strong external magnetic fieldsThe problem is solved by their shielding.

Fear strong vibrations. "

Sensor design

Mago-contact detectors are with a normally open, with normally closed and with a switching contact. Herkes are dry and moistened. In the first case, they are in an inert gas, in the second contacts are moistened with mercury to prevent the rat. Nitrogen is usually applied as gas. Some gerons flask are evacuated to increase the level of switched voltage.

The sensor consists of two parts, in one there is a permanent magnet, sometimes an electromagnet, to another is a gercon with contact conclusions. Electromagnets in security sensors are not found. The contact system is a glass cylinder with an inert gas and two springs. Ends are overlapped. If the reserves are eating, then the plates are three.

The distance between the contact platforms is only 300-500 microns. Under the influence of the magnetic field, the contacts are closed. The bending of the springs is so small that its weakens does not occur, and it can switch more than 10 billion times.

The inert environment protects contacts from corrosion and sparks. Sensors are overhead and mortise. Magnetically impenetrable screens are used to protect against attackers. They are needed in order to eliminate the effect of an external magnet on the gerond. Materials of doors and windows are magnetistic and magneticallyactive. Sensors are divided into two categories according to the ability to work on such objects.

The first have smaller dimensions and weaker magnets. They are put on wooden, aluminum and other products from non-magnetic materials. Second - larger, with powerful magnet Installed on metal doors. In wireless systems, only targeted magnetocontact detectors with a radio module are used.

The specifying element of the sensor (block with a magnet) is located in the movable part of the protected object (in the door), and the executive module in the stationary (in door jamb). For the normal operation of the sensor, it should be located opposite each other.

Principle of operation

The principle of operation of the magneticontact sensor is based on the use of the magnet properties, attract iron and other metals from its group.

When the contacts approaching the magnet at a certain distance, they are closed under the action of magnetic force or swaps. It depends on the design of the sensor. If the magnet is removed for some distance, then the reverse process occurs.

Constructively contacts are in a glass flask and are simultaneously a conductor, spring and magnetic circuit breeding. Since the magnetic field energy with increasing distance decreases in geometrical progression, then removing the magnet from the Herrock to 1-2 cm (the open door), it falls so much that it does not hold the spring-loaded contacts, and they are unloaded.

Top 5 popular magnetocontact sensor models

1. Detector Security point magnetocontact Io 102-20 is used to monitor the state of the gates of hangars, containers and other structures of structures for tearing / closing and moving with a control panel. The device can be used as a terminal switch. IO 102-20 A2P IB detectors with labeling OhiaIIBT6x are used in explosive rooms and are connected through a special intrinsically safe line.
2. The detector security magnetocontact IO102-11m (SMK-3M) is used to control windows and doors, creating a "trap" type devices with an alarm signal to the security panel. The contacts are closed during the gap between the sensor parts of the sensor are not more than 6 mm and opened at 25 mm and more. Switches voltage up to 100 V, and current up to 0.5 A.
3. Detector Spot Magnicontact IO-102-55 "Kenar" is used to detect the opening of the door or window from the tree, aluminum and the material similar to it, has a sabotage protection. When the distance between the parts of the sensor, 12 mm closes, at 45 mm opens. Switched voltage 50 V, current - 50 mA. Contacts normally closed.
4. To monitor the position of individual items, metal doors, the magnetic sensor is often used 102 2-button gear models. Herkends and magnet are in one building, which simplifies installation.
5. Detector Secure Magnify Contact Address Wireless EWD1 ELDES works as conventional opening / closing sensors. Only the alarm and state sends the radio channel. To set the address, send an SMS message. In addition, there is an alarming button on the instrument housing. The operating frequency is 866-869 MHz. Offline runs up to one and a half years. The range of radio signal in the room is up to 30 m, in the open space up to 150 m. Compatible with ELDES Wireless systems.

The choice of the detector model depends on the wishes of the customer and security requirements.

So that the sensors do not spoil appearance They can be hidden inside the door and jamb. There are cylindrical mortise detectors for this.

If the security system is large and complicated better use overhead sensors with a state indication.

In the case of non-interference requirements in the interior or temporary installation, then best option There will be the use of wireless detectors.

Depending on the characteristics of the protected object, a variety of sensors is installed.

If the lockable door or hatch can be bent, the detectors need to be installed after 20 cm or together with vibration sensors.

When assembled on metal surfaces, it is necessary to provide a gap between the magnet and the surrounding metal to weaken the scattering of the magnetic field.

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Today it is not enough to simply install a good and reliable metal armored door. Modern thieves find approaches and use intelligent solutions for opening any castle systems.

In order to feel in complete safety, the door design is equipped with additional protective systems - it may be simple alarms with a minimum set of functions or powerful and serious security complexes. And in a simple system, and in a complex there is one common item is a door opening sensor. These fixtures are tested by time and can serve their owner for a very long time. This is an affordable way to protect an apartment or house from hacking and uninvited guests.

Today, the guard system market offers many similar devices. These are traditional wired solutions or wireless. Also popular today GSM devices. Let's talk about how to choose a suitable sensor, how they work, learn their features of mounting.

Guerle

The geek sensor is perhaps the most popular among all those that can be installed on entrance door. These decisions are widespread in almost many industries, but use them in security systems. The advantage of Herckon is that it is accessible, easy to install and a very effective sensor, which responds to the opening of the door, gate, hatches, windows - any moving structures.

Previously, electromagnetic relays were used for these purposes, but these devices did not cope with the tasks set - they have too low switching speed. In addition, driving parts accelerated the wear of contacts, which led to relay failures. But after the creation of Herkes about the relay forgotten.

Application

The discovery sensor of the magnetocontact type door or the gercon can react to a closure or opening of moving parts that provide access to the room. These broadcasters are placed inside the buildings, they are invisible for the eyes, their work is practically reliable - with miniature sensors is ensured reliable protection Remote objects.

With such sensors, it is possible to organize an efficient security system in an apartment or cottage. It is possible to establish such a door opening sensor anywhere - on safes, shop windows, inside apartments on steel doors.

Principle of operation

Geron is a sealed switch. Its contacts are made of a special feroomagnetic alloy.

The principle of operation is based on the use of interaction forces that act on two ferozagnetic bodies in a magnetic field. These forces cause spring contacts to deform and move to their connection - the door closing sensor works so. When the magnetic field of a certain force is created, the ends of the springs are attracted and closed. When the magnetic field is reduced (two parts of the sensor are disconnected), then the springs are squeezed and the contact will be broken, resulting in alarm.

In the security alarm circuit, a permanent electrical signal is skipped - it passes through the door opening sensor. A constant magnetic field can also be used. According to the standard, the threshold of the Herrock can be adjusted from 30 to 50 mm. If you open the door at a distance of 30 mm, then the alarm will receive a signal that the contacts of the magnetic sensor are torn.

Constructively, these detectors are executed in minimal sizes. The sensor provides two blocks of magnetic relays in a plastic case. The door opening sensor is covered with a double isolation layer - it helps exclude false responses.

Popular Sensors for Security Systems

Among those who are engaged in the installation of security equipment, a hermetic contact is understood under the armor. QMS is so called magkoint contact alarms.

The most often used by IO 102-20 is a standard solution, where the distance between the contacts in the closed state is 24 mm, and in open 70. This magnetic opening sensor is completed with a 350 mm thick cable and a thickness of 3.5 mm. One part it is installed on the door.

There are other types of similar sensors - differences among them are purely constructive. So they may vary different type Case protection, trigger threshold.

Advantages and disadvantages of armor sensors

One way or another, the geron relays underlie any modern door security systems. They have some shortcomings and advantages.

So the advantage is considered compact designwhich allows you to set this item anywhere. Also among the advantages allocate high tightness - this is especially important if there is an increased humidity in the room. In addition, the relay response speed is noted, its durability.

There are disadvantages. The most significant is strength. With mechanical exposure, the device simply fails. In addition, the door closing sensor reacts to magnetic fields that are located next to it. When exposed to High current reservoir, the chain may unprompectedly swing.

Wireless solutions

Many today try to use wireless technology. In security systems, this trend is also seen. Convenience wireless alarms lies in the absence of wires. All elements of the system are connected by a special protocol with the system console.

Wireless door opening sensor is all the same gercon. The design consists of a communication module, in which the generic relay with open contacts is placed. The second part is a magnet that closes the relay contacts.

The radio transmitting module is recommended to be attached to the door frame, and the magnet is directly on the door so that in the closed state of the door it is opposite the radio transmission part and was able to close the contacts of the magnetic relay. The principle of operation of this door closing sensor is based on a germial relay. When the doors open, the circuit is broken, the contacts are blocked - an alarm signal is fed to the main module or the central GSM unit. Also about alarm can warn the light indicator. He will announce that it's time to replace the elements of the device.

The gap in which this device will work, starts from 10 mm and can be up to 20 mm. The device operates at a frequency of 433 MHz, and its action radius is up to 150 m in the mode of direct visibility in the open space. This wireless door opening sensor from a battery with a voltage of 12 V. This battery is enough for two years of continuous operation.

This is a typical door opening sensor. All devices have about the same specifications. Select them follows from a specific situation.

Door alarm GSM.

There are also such devices on the market. They are seriously different from full wireless security alarms. This device is extremely simple, but it can reliably protect property.

Devices are a GSM Door Opening Sensor - this is a special controller equipped with a GSM module. In the event that the sensor works, the controller will send SMS owner of the housing. This simple device can be installed almost everywhere where there are two sash. The basis of the work is all the same germial relay.

To manage this security unit, manufacturers offer several SMS commands that allow you to turn off or turn on the system, set an object to protect, enter the number to send SMS. Some models may have a listening mode of what happens, for example, in the apartment - this mode can also be launched using SMS commands.

In order to secure the alarm, the manufacturer provided a special velcro. It simplifies multiple installation / dismantling of the device. When installing, you need to carefully set the distance from the controller to the magnetic sensor - the signaling threshold is 10 mm.

As you can see, using such opening sensors, you can safely protect the entrance door and an apartment, a private cottage or any other object.

Mago-contact sensors (detectors) are set, as a rule, one for each blockable element hidden or open way. If there is a justification in the project (or act of examination), two sensors can be installed to block the door opening, each blockable element can be installed, installation options with sabotage protection.

The number of magnetocontact sensors (detectors), the method of their installation, the need to protect against sabotage is set in the design task.

Sensors are set, as a rule, in the upper part of the blocked element from the guarded room side at a distance of up to 200 mm from the vertical or horizontal line of the licked element. Depending on the distance of the release of the magnetocontact sensor (detector) and the design of the blocked element (the thickness and material of the door web, windows), informed in the project (or act of the examination) cases are allowed to install the sensor (detector) and at a greater distance (closer to the axis) provided Issue by the sensor (detector) of alarm notice when you try to open the door (windows) before forming the slot between the door web (window) and the door frame (window frame).

If it is impossible to install magnetocontact sensors (detectors) at the top of the blocked element (due to the design or architectural features of windows and doors), it is allowed to install them on the side parts (opposite hinges) frames and doors. It is allowed to install such sensors (detectors) on the lower parts of the window frames. At the same time, the Gercon (magneto-controlled contact) of the sensor (detector) is preferably installed on the fixed part of the structure (plinth, door frame), and the node of the constant magnet - on the movable part (door, window frame). In order to ensure the requirements of technical aesthetics when blocking the same type building structures Magnicontact sensors (detectors) must be installed at the same distances from the line of the licked element. The distance and permissible inconsistency between them must comply with the data. technical documentation manufacturers.

When installing magnetocontact sensors (detectors) on metal surfaces, if necessary, to increase the reliability of the sensor (detector) between the magnetic-containing node of the detector and the metal surface, gaskets made of non-magnetic material (wood, textolite, ebonite or getinaks) are set to 25-30 mm thick.

When installing, it is not allowed to expose sensor nodes (detectors) shocks, as well as bending the findings of the node of the magnetically controlled contact.

When using magnetocontact sensors (detectors) as traps on internal (transient) doors, they must be installed with one side of (internal or outer) doors, and if necessary, on both sides. In these cases, it is allowed to install sensors at a distance exceeding 200 mm from the vertical door line.

When installing the open manner, the reserves and magnet are attached directly to the surface of the blocked element.

Their mounting on the surface is produced:
- screws - on wooden;
- screws - on metal;
- glue - on glass (glass doors).

The contact conclusions are connected to the alarm loop using mounting connecting boxes or with a cable wire of a twist with the subsequent propagation of the junction of the shift.

Places of packs and conclusions of the magneto-controlled contact to the junction box are isolated by polychlorvinyl tubes.