Final disinfection is carried out. Disinfective events

Disinfection is a set of events aimed at destruction in the external environment of pathogenic microorganisms. In a broad sense, disinfection also includes the destruction of arthropods - infection carriers (see disinsection) and rodents - carriers and infection carriers (see deratization).

Disinfection is included in the complex of anti-epidemic and sanitary and preventive measures.

Disinfection is divided into current, final and prophylactic.

Current disinfection is carried out to hospitalization of the infectious patient, in the case of leaving it at home, as well as in infectious, anti-tuberculosis and polyclinical institutions. At the same time, they systematically disinfect the selection of the patient, dishes, underwear and other items that were used in the use of the patient, produce daily wet cleaning of premises using disinfectants. Current disinfection accompanied by strict observance of personal hygiene rules with patients and caring staff. The most simple and accessible ways of current disinfection are boiling, wet cleaning of premises using disinfecting solutions, the use of chemical disinfectants to disinfect patient seals, soaking up the linen, etc.

Organizes the current disinfection of the staff of therapeutic institutions or an assistant epidemiologist. Monitoring and methodological guide for the correct conduct of current disinfection is assigned to disinfecting stations or disinfection departments of SanEpidstations. Direct performers of the current disinfection are a specially trained medium medical staff in medical institutions or people who caregoing people at home. Conducting the current disinfection is stopped after hospitalization or recovery of the patient to indicate the attending physician.

The final disinfection is carried out after removing the patient from the focus (in case of hospitalization, recovery or death). The purpose of the final disinfection is the complete liberation of the focus of infection from causative agents of diseases. Final disinfection has a particularly large epidemiological significance due to the fact that many infections causative agents are capable of remaining viable at the external environment facilities. The effectiveness of the final disinfection is determined by the timing and completeness of it after removing the patient from the hearth. In cities it is carried out in the first 6 hours. After hospitalizing the patient, and in rural areas - no later than 12 hours. The final disinfection is carried out disinfection stations, disinfection departments of SanEpids and medical sites. Disinfection work in the focus finish with the design of the relevant documents.

Preventive disinfection is carried out in order to prevent the proliferation of infectious diseases mainly in places of cluster of people (in children's teams, catering institutions, medical institutions).

The most common methods of preventive disinfection are: boiling, timely cleaning with garbage disposal and other waste, water chlorination, etc. It also refers to the fight against insects and rodents.

All chemical disinfectants are toxic for people and animals, therefore, working with them, it is necessary to observe precautions.

Features of disinfection in some infectious diseases:

Adenovirus infections
Abdominal typhoid, parathy, cholera
Flu
Hepatitis Epidemic (Botkin's disease), enterovirus infections (poliomyelitis, cokes-infection, Esno-infection)
Dermatomicosis (trico, microsporia, pass, epidermofitium)
Dieseneria, Salmonellosis
Diphtheria
Ku-fever
Ornithoses
Opa Natural
anthrax
Staphylococcal infections (disinfection in maternity hospitals)
Typhus
Tuberculosis
Scabies
Disinfection case

Disinfection. Methods, species and disinfection methods

Disinfection (from lat. "DE" - deliverance and "infectio" - infection) or disinfection - the destruction of causative agents of infectious diseases in the environment with special means.

Conducting disinfection and sterilization in health facilities regulates the order of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus from 25.11. 2002, No. 165 "On the conduct of disinfection and sterilization by health facilities."

Disinfection (disinfection) of objects carry out in the following ways:

1. Irrigation, aerosol treatment of disinfecting solutions of surfaces of premises, equipment, furniture, transport and others.

2. Wipe with a rag moistened with a disinfecting solution, furniture, equipment, toys, medical products, patient care products and others.

3. Immersion in a disinfectant solution of dishes, linen, toys, medical products, patient care products and others.

4. Processing with disinfecting agents in the form of powders, granules or their concentrated solutions of selection, food residues, corpses, garbage collectors, soils and others.

5. Processing the steam-air mixture, steam, steamformaline mixture, hot air in the cameras of clothing, shoes, bedding, soft toys and others.

6. Irradiation with ultraviolet rays of air, surfaces.

The choice of disinfection method is determined by the features of the disinfectable object.

Types of disinfection

There are focal and prophylactic disinfection.

Heat disinfection - It is disinfection, which is carried out in an epidemic focus of the infectious disease. The focal disinfection is divided into current and final.

Current focal disinfection- This disinfection, which is carried out in the focus in the presence of an infection source and is aimed at the destruction of pathogens as they are separated by a patient or carrier. The most frequent indications for the current disinfection are:

- finding a patient at home to hospitalization;

- treatment of the patient at home and in the hospital;

- the presence in the focus of the infection;

- availability in the focus of reconstruction (recovering patients).

Current disinfection is carried out daily, its multiplicity is determined by the type of infectious disease. For current disinfection, disinfectants are used to be used, allowed to use the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus and in the presence of approved instructions for their use. The concentration of the working solution of the disinfectant depends on the type of infectious pathology.

Current disinfection includes conducting a wet cleaning of the room using a disinfectant solution, disinfecting disinfecting drugs and dishes for the discharge, food residues, personal care objects, patient care objects. One of the ways of current disinfection in infections transmitted by air-droplet (flu, measles, etc.) is ultraviolet irradiation of the premises where patients are located.

Final focal disinfection - It is disinfection, which is carried out after removing the source of infection from the hearth in order to complete the liberation of the hearth from the pathogens allocated to the patient. Its difference from the current disinfection, which is repeated repeatedly, is a singleness of conducting and complexity.

The stages of the final disinfection are:

- preparation of disinfectants;

- According to the testimony - disinsection (insect destruction);

- treatment with a disinfecting solution of the door to the room where the patient was located (the carrier of infection), the floor in its room;

- disinfection of linen, toys, residues of patient food (carrier infection), dishes, discharge and dishes for selection;

- collecting things for chamber disinfection;

- Disinfection of walls, items, windows, furniture, floor;

- Disinfecting the harvesting inventory.

Final disinfection is carried out in abdominal typhoids, parathyphones, suction title, diseases of Brill, Siberian ulcers, plague, cholera, contagious viral hemorrhagic fever, fever, fungal diseases, scabies, diphtheria, viral hepatitis A, E, acute intestinal infections (dysentery, salmonellosis ), polio, tuberculosis.

With these diseases, the final disinfection is carried out or immediately after the evacuation of the patient, or during the day after the detection of the disease.

With other infectious diseases, the final disinfection is carried out depending on the epidemic situation by decision of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Administrative Territory.

Preventive disinfection - It is disinfection, which is carried out in the absence of an established source of infection in the places of likely accumulation of causative agents of infectious diseases (LPU, institutions of education, catering and trade enterprises, train stations, etc.).

Preventive disinfection is performed by physical, chemical and biological methods.

Physical method disinfection- This is the destruction or reduction of the population of pathogens under the influence of physical factors (high temperature, ultraviolet radiation, ultrasound, etc.). The destruction of pathogens occurs under the influence of sunlight, drying, the actions of water vapor, boiling, calcination, when burning, the action of dry hot air, with ironing of linen. You can use mechanical factors, such as washing, cleaning, filtering, ventilation, etc. The advantages of the method - simplicity and accessibility for execution, disadvantages - it is impossible to achieve complete disinfection.

Biological disinfection methods Measure the use of biological filters, biothermal chambers, bacteriophages.

Chemical method disinfection Provides the use of chemicals-disinfectants.

As the first stage of sterilization, disinfection is carried out in order to prevent professional infection of medical workers.

Preservation treatment

Preservation treatment (PSO) is carried out in order to remove residual amounts of drugs, reduce the initial microorganism, removal of protein, fat and mechanical contaminants.

The most frequent preservation processing (cleaning) is carried out in 2 ways:

- with soaking the processed object in the detergent solution;

- with boiling object being processed.

Prescalic cleaning with soaking in the detergent solution includes the following steps:

Soaking in the washing solution with full immersion of the product. The concentration, the temperature of the detergent solution and the exposure time are determined by instructions for use.

2. The washing of each product in the same solution in which soaked, with the horses, a tank-gauze tampon or tissue napkin, channels - with a syringe. Sink duration - 0.5-1 minute.

3. Rinsing with drinking running water for 0.5-1 minutes.

Drying with hot air (temperature 85 ° C) before moisture disappearance.

Prescatration cleaning with boiling consists of the following steps:

1. Boil using allowed detergents for 15 minutes.

2. Washing of each product in the process of rinse with flowing drinking water using a tamper, a gauze tampon or a tissue napkin, channels with a syringe for 0.5-1 minutes.

3. Rinsing flowing drinking water for 5-10 minutes.

4. Rinsing by distilled water.

5. Drying with hot air (temperature 85 ° C) before drying.

Sterilization itself

For the sterilization of products and medical items, patient care objects, etc. use physical and chemical methods. The choice of an adequate sterilization method depends on the characteristics of sterilizable products.

When sterilization, as a rule, products are packaged into sterilization packaging materials or sterilization boxes (bixes).

On packages with sterilized products, there must be information about the sterilization date, on sterilization boxes - about dates of sterilization and autopsy, certified by the signature of the health worker.

For sterilization, only packaging materials allowed in the prescribed manner to industrial production and use in the Republic of Belarus can be used.

In some cases, it is allowed to sterilize the tools in an unpacked form (in open trays).

The term of preserving the sterility of products, sterilized in sealed paper packaging (used bags of moisture proprietary paper, paper packaging high strength, crepe paper) is 20 days. Products sterilized without packaging are placed on a "sterile table" and use for one work shift.

Previous12345678910111213141516Next

Disinfection —

Disinsection —

Deratization -

Types of disinfection

The purpose of disinfection.

Heat disinfection divided by:

focal Current Disinfection

Disinfection methods

These include:

washing hands.

pasteurization;
boil in distilled water is 30 minutes from the moment of boiling at a temperature of 100 ° C, and with the addition of sodium bicarcoux (drinking co-dy) - 15 minutes from the moment of boiling with full immersion.

Before boiling, the product is purified from organic contaminants in a separate age-room, washed, in compliance with measures of anti-epidemic protection, the pro-soap water is disinfected and poured into the sewer.

Didn't find what you were looking for? Use the search:

Disinfection — this destruction (disinfection) in the environment of pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms, their vegetable forms.

Disinsection — destruction of harmful insects, ticks, lice, fleas (infectious diseases)

Deratization - Destruction of harmful rodz-new (sources of infection).

Types of disinfection

The purpose of disinfection- Destruction of pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms at the external environment of chambers and functional premises of the LPU departments, on medical equipment and tools.

Distinguish the following types of disinfection:

Ø Preventive (in the absence of a focus)

Ø Focal (with nasia focal) disinfection.

Preventive disinfection is inferred to prevent hospital infections.

Heat disinfection divided by:

focal Current Disinfection which is carried out in the heart rate of infection, in the bedinfection of the method, is carried out repeatedly;
focal final disinfection which is carried out once after isolation, hospitalization into an infectious department, recovery or death of the patient to complete the liberation of the infection hearth from the causative agents of the disease.

Disinfection methods

There are mechanical, physical, chemical, biological, combination methods of disinfection.

Mechanical disinfection methods:

These include:

wet cleaning of premises and furnishings;
dewding clothes, bed linen and bedding;
liberation of the premises from dust with the help of a vacuum cleaner, whitewashes and screaming of the premises;
washing hands.

Physical (thermal) disinfection methods:

The physical methods of disinfection include the following methods:

use of sun rays;
irradiation with ultraviolet emitters for disinfection of air and surfaces in the premises;
stroking hot iron, firing, calcination;
burning garbage and items that did not have values;
processing boiling water or heating to boiling;
pasteurization;
tindalization (fractional pasteurization for 6-7 days at 60 ° C, exposure - 1 hour);
boil in distilled water is 30 minutes from the moment of boiling at a temperature of 100 ° C, and with the addition of sodium bicarcoux (drinking co-dy) - 15 minutes from the moment of boiling with full immersion. Before boiling, the product is purified from organic contaminants in a separate age-room, washed, in compliance with measures of anti-epidemic protection, the pro-soap water is disinfected and poured into the sewer.

Also applied to boiling water and bring to a boil.

Air Method Disinfection (without packing, in a dry closet at T ° - 180 ° C, an exposition of 60 minutes from the moment of temperature) is-useful if products made of glass, metals, rubber, latex, thermostroot-kih polymer metals are not contaminated with organic substances ;
Steam method. Forcing agent: Water steam under the excess pressure in 2ATM.

The physical method is the most reliable and harmless personnel.

If you make conditions, namely the equipment, product range - should be given preference to this method.

Didn't find what you were looking for? Use the search.

The disinfection itself is a complex of techniques and methods aimed at killing or removing from various objects and in various substrates of the external environment of pathogens of contagious diseases in vegetative form.

Disinfection is based not only on the knowledge of epidemiology, biology, microbiology, but also on the knowledge of physics, chemistry and mechanism of action of disinfectants.

Disinfection pursues the goal of destroying not all in general microorganisms, but only pathogenic. And therefore, objects that have been disinfected are not always completely disgraced. This disinfection differs from sterilization, in which all types of microorganisms are destroyed, which are not only in vegetative form, but also their disputes.

Therefore, disinfection does not mean sterilization, although some disinfection processes and lead to sterilization.

Disinfection, taking into account the sanitary and anti-epidemic importance, is divided into prophylactic and focal, and focal disinfection is divided into the current and final.

Indications for the use of focal or preventive disinfection differ. However, one is that all disinfective measures should be carried out in accordance with the regulations prescribed during the prophylactic, current and final disinfection.

Preventive disinfection

Preventive disinfection is carried out constantly, regardless of the availability of infectious diseases, in order to prevent the accumulation and dissemination of infection pathogens, as well as to prevent the occurrence of infection.

Preventive disinfection refers to disinfection of drinking water, wastewater, pasteurization of milk and dairy products, washing fruits, processing of raw materials of animal origin, etc.

Preventive disinfection is widely used in veterinary medicine, agriculture, agronomical practice, food industry, in the production of various biological preparations (vaccines, sera, drugs), in the dairy industry and in other areas of the national economy.

Preventive disinfection includes sanitary processing of the population, people who have contact with patients.

Preventive disinfection is widely used in sanitary and epidemiological practice. It is a very important part in the overall system of preventing infection.

It is carried out on separate objects, limited sites, in large areas, throughout the settlement.

With the help of preventive disinfection, the dispersion of infection in the external environment is prevented, the infection transmission paths are gap, as well as the timely and reliable destruction of the cause of the infectious disease.

Preventive disinfection must be constantly carried out in clinics, dispensaries, children's consultations and other children's institutions, in public areas and accumulation of people, in industrial enterprises, in public institutions, in buildings, hostels, dining rooms, baths, schools, swimming pools, in saunas, etc.

Regularly conducted prophylactic disinfection prevents the accumulation and dissemination of a contagious start in an environment of the outside environment, in which it can fall from unexplained infectious patients or carriers.

Preventive disinfection is carried out in the absence of a detected source of infection - and this is its main difference from focal. Its large epidemiological significance is determined by the fact that the sources of infection (patients or carriers) are not always detected in a timely manner and, remaining unparalleled, allocate a contagious beginning to the external environment. So may be distributed dysentery, diphtheria and a number of other infectious diseases, especially if they proceed in light or erased form.

Preventive disinfection allows you to prevent possible dispersion of contagious start and ensure timely destruction in the external environment.

Preventive disinfection in some cases is carried out as a single event, in other cases - as an event that does not allow interruptions, or vice versa, requiring certain intervals.

Preventive disinfection can be carried out in order to prevent both diseases caused by a particular pathumer and several. Thus, in order to combat Siberian ulcers, the disinfection is exposed to wool, removed from animals of the skins, in pools and shower preventive treatment are carried out to prevent fungal diseases and pyoderms. Preventive treatment is subjected to Utvilchier.

Current disinfection

The focal disinfection is disinfection, carried out in the foci of the infectious disease. This is the destruction of the pathogen of a particular illness.

The focal disinfection is carried out in order to eliminate the focus of infection in the family, a hostel, a children's institution, in railway, water or air transport, in a medical institution, etc. In the event that the case of an infectious disease is registered, suspected of it or the case of carrier of the causative agent of infection.

There are two forms of focal infection - the current and final. This division is somewhat conditional, because the processes of disinfection work on the current and final processing between themselves are very closely connected. And although the tasks and the volume of each of these two processes are somewhat different, in fact they constitute a single integer.

Disinfection in the focus, which is carried out repeatedly throughout the time of staying in it source of infection, is called current. Current disinfection is disinfection in the immediate environment of a patient or a microscoper, carried out in order to prevent dispersion of pathogens of infectious diseases in environment.

Current disinfection is carried out in existing foci in order to reduce the massiveness of microbial contamination, as well as the number of contaminated objects and thus interrupt or brake the process of transmitting the pathogen. Current disinfection should include various measures that warn the dispersion of the pathogen in the focus and beyond both the patient or carrier themselves, as well as those who care for the patient. Under a number of infections, measures are needed to prevent the pathogen spread by carriers - insects and articious. It has a big epidemiological importance in hospital institutions, especially in infectious. In this case, the current disinfection is mandatory as a measure that prevents the danger of nosocomial infections.

Current disinfection conducted in infectious hospitals, hospitals infectious departments, in tuberculosis hospitals, not only preventing the occurrence of mineralized infections, but also excludes the spread of infection beyond hospitals, service personnel, visitors, through flies and other insects or arthropods, through wastewater, dirty Lingerie, etc.

The lack of proper observance of the sanitary regime, constant cleaning and properly conducted preventive and current disinfection in the generic institutions leads to the emergence of newborn colidents, adenoviral, staphylococcal and other diseases. Special attention should be paid to the careful processing of the hands of medical staff and mothers, since with contaminated hands, microorganisms fall on clean nipples, baby clothes, on a table with toolkit.

After hospitalization, departure to a sanatorium, moving to new housing, and also after recovery or death of the infectious patient, remain infected people surrounding it (furnishings, care objects, dishes, linen bedding, toys, furniture, carpets, tools, devices, air, air premises, wastewater and other objects), which can serve as a factor in the transmission of the causative agent of infection.

To prevent further infection, it is necessary to disinfect all items that are surrounded by the patient. Such disinfection is called final and, in contrast to the current, is carried out after the patient's departure.

With not identified or difficult to detect sources of infection, the current disinfection is of great importance among the methods of combating alimentary infections in their modern clinical, etiological and epidemiological forms.

Current disinfection is carried out on apartments in cases of late hospitalization or when leaving a patient at home, as well as in medical institutions where infectious patients may be located, in infectious hospitals, in tubes, in the cabinets of intestinal infections, the clinic, in the maternity hospitals and in children's institutions .

The current disinfection at home, where the patient is left, are carried out by persons caring for patients with domestic products (hot water, soap, soda, clean rag), well-instructed by health workers (doctor, nurse)

In hospitals, the current disinfection provides nurses and nurses, and the disinfection of the linen is disinfectors.

Current disinfection under a number of infections (scarletta, tuberculosis, chronic dysentery, etc.), when the patient for one reason or another is contained at home, is mandatory.

In addition, in some infections, the current disinfection should be surrounded by reconvaluezent, discharged from the hospital, as well as surrounded by healthy carriers of infections taken into account in medical institutions.

Disinfectants issued for current disinfection should be equipped with labels with their concentration and method of use.

Final disinfection

The final disinfection is carried out after isolation (hospitalization), recovery of the patient, as well as in the case of his death.

It is necessary to conduct it in the next time - in the first six hours after, but not later than 12 hours after the patient isolated or after removal from the focus of infectious materials - corpses, animal husbandry products, polluted clothes, various items that have fallen rodents.

Final disinfection is usually carried out by employees of disinfection institutions (disinfectors).

The purpose of the final disinfection is the complete destruction of the causative agents of the disease in the room in which the infectious patient was located, as well as on all subjects available in this room.

In the hospital room, the final disinfection is carried out after discharge of a patient from the infectious compartment. In the somatic separation, the final disinfection is carried out after the detection of an infectious patient and transfer it to the infectious department. In addition, the final disinfection is carried out after the hospital closure or separation of epidemiological indications.

The final disinfection is carried out in polyclinic facilities, dispensaries after departure to the insulator or to the hospital of the infectious patient or a patient with a suspicion of an infectious disease. In addition, the final disinfection is carried out after the detection of a hospital infection or in the event of a diagnosis, as well as before the repair of premises (chambers, offices), in which infectious patients were located.

It must be remembered that under any circumstances the final disinfection cannot replace the current.

The final disinfection in the focus performs an exit brigade of a disinfecting station, consisting at least two people (disinfector and instructor). To carry out the final disinfection, the disinfection brigade must be equipped with a hydropult, bucket, brushes for cleaning clothes and soft things, sprayers for powders and liquids, bags for transporting things in the dezker. The brigade must have a container for disinfectants, clean disinfixed rags, adhesive bags for used overalls, packaged dispenser, bathrobes, caps, or jacks, respirators, safety glasses, rubber gloves, soap.

The use of a particular procedure for final disinfection in infectious foci depends on the etiology of infectious diseases.

Upon arrival in the hearth for the final disinfection, the brigade brings a discrepancy, bags for laying things to be chamber disinfection necessary for equipment.

Persons engaged in disinfection must necessarily wear overalls.

The head of the brigade determines the amount of disinfection work and is planning a method that provides a break way of transmission of infection and guaranteeing the full disinfection of all things of the patient's room and in contact with him.

Then, in accordance with the instructions, disinfecting solutions of the required concentration and the required volume for disinfection of the room and objects are prepared for infection.

It is strictly forbidden to leave disinfectant unattended.

The staff of the field brigade before the work should be required to check the health of the equipment, overalls, respirators or gauze bandages, check the availability and health of safety glasses and rubber gloves.

When flies are found in the room where the patient was located, with any infection they need to be destroyed. The destruction of flies with special preparations is carried out before the final disinfection started, closing the eye and doors.

When the lice is found, disinsection is necessarily carried out, both in relation to the patient and in relation to insects of his surrounding.

The final disinfection is carried out at a certain order: first, the disinfectant solution is disinfected with a cleaning inventory (broom, brushes, rags for cleaning floors, buckets, thase). After that, irrigate the doors to the room where the patient was, then the floor in the room and in the nearest premises.

In the presence of underwear conditions, dishes and food remnants, it is recommended to disinfect boiling. If it is impossible, disinfection of linen, dishes and food residues produce disinfecting fluids.

Disinfection of premises start with the most remote places, gradually approaching the exit. The underwear is soaked in desionishor, assembled garbage and low-value things are burned.

The irrigation of the premises is made using a hydrotraction. Walls are irrigated evenly from top to bottom, right to left. We are proceeding after the irrigation of the walls.

At the end of disinfection, the cleaning of the room is carried out no earlier than in 60 - 90 minutes. The entire liquid accumulated on the floor should be wiped, moisturized hard and painted objects wipe, the room is ventilated.

In addition to the behavior of a wet disinfection in a focus, a brigade takes and sends things for chamber processing. All things sent to the dezerome are registered and rented in Desotel. When carrying out things in bags from the room in a car, the outer surfaces of the bags are pre-irrigated by the deeschor.

Chamber disinfection must be exposed not only to the patient, but also those who were in communicating with him. Things to be chained disinfection are sorted and placed in bags separately for steam-air, steam or vapor formalin disinfection.

When carrying out disinfection about cholera, smallpox, plague, Siberian ulcers and other dangerous infections, the disinfection brigade should consist of four people. The brigade must head the doctor.

Upon receipt of the message about the presence of a suspicious patient or corpse, it is necessary to urgently go to the location of the call, having anti-yourself overall clothing. All individuals in contact with the patients must be insulated for nine days.

In case of occasion, there is disinfective, disinsection and deratization processing in the focus.

Before carrying out these treatments, enter the room where the patient was located, and to carry out things from this room.

The final disinfection is carried out in the foci of fungal diseases (microsporia, triprophide, rubred) after the disposal of the patient from the hearth for hospitalization in the LPU or after recovering the patient who treated home is independent of the terms of hospitalization or recovery.

In some cases, the final disinfection is carried out twice (for example, in the case of isolation and treatment of a sick child in an insulator of the boarding school: after insulation - in rooms where the patient was located and after recovery - in an insulator). If a child is ill visiting the children's preschool institution (DDU) or school, the final disinfection is carried out in DDU (or school) and at home. IN secondary school The final disinfection is carried out according to epipocations.

The final disinfection in the foci holds a disinfection station.

With the final disinfection of compulsory processing, the room was subjected to a patient, a common place, objects surrounded by a patient and belonging to the patient. The volume of final disinfection, as well as a list of things to be chamber disinfection, depends on the location of the pathological process. Thus, when defeating smooth skin in the neck area, a scarf is subject to mandatory disinfection, outerwear, and with a smooth skin of the leg or foot - stockings, socks, tights, shoes.

Bedding (blankets, pillows, mattresses, etc.), covers from furniture, sick clothes (caps, shoes, gloves, coats, fur coats, etc.), books, soft toys, regardless of the location of the disease, the chamber disinfection on the steam , steam-age or steamformalone method, depending on the nature of objects and withstand the processing conditions by the selected method (Table).

Bed, underwear, towels, napkins, jams, dressing material, furniture covers are soaked in a disinfectant solution at the exposure time.

Combs, brushes, scissors, washcloths, sponges, rubber and plastic toys, sick care objects, basin, cleaning equipment, medical waste also disinfect in disinfecting solutions.

The surfaces in the premises, sanitary equipment, the place of the animal content is disinfected by irrigation by disinfecting solutions.

For disinfection, fungicidal agents are used to use irrigation method. Preference is given to tableted forms of preparations based on sodium dichloroisocyanurate and trichlorizocyanuric acid, chloro-derivatives of hydantoin, composite means containing CPAV.

On the day of the final disinfection, the patient washed and all those living with him (contact) with the change of linen are prescribed.

In the foci of zoonous tricochyton, due to the Trichophyton Mentagrophytes var.gypseum, measures are required to destroy rodents.

In the foci of zoono dermatophy, homeless animals are also conducted.

Table - chamber disinfection modes of objects contaminated by mushrooms

Processed objects	Download rate (kg per 1m2)	Formalization rate (ml) for 2m3 camera volume	Temperature (0 s)	Exposition (min)
Shoes and other leather products, sound. Fur products, boots on fur. Carpets	Steam formaline method
		55-57 49-51
Cotton and woolen clothing. Products from chemical fibers. Bedding.	Steam-friendly method
800-1000 copies.		80-90 97-98 70-75
Clothing. Bedding. Quantum and bed linen.	Steam method
60-72

Destruction of causative agents of infectious diseases in the environment.

Disinfection is a set of measures used to destroy pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms. The awareness of the importance of disinfection appeared during the epidemics of infectious diseases in the Middle Ages, when the patients began to expose. Since then, disinfection methods have been significantly improved. The emergence of a variety of disinfection tools, the development of instructions and rules made it possible to significantly reduce the number of infections and prevent epidemics of diseases.

Disinfection: concept, disinfection methods, types, differences of disinfection and sterilization

Disinfection is a knowledge system and a set of measures to complete or selectively destroy pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms, disputes and distinguished toxins. Comes from a combination of denying particle "Dez" (FR. Dés) and infection (Latin Infectio). also in spoken Speech It is used in the meaning "means, method for the destruction of harmful microflora." The disinfection system is part of the overall anti-epidemiological complex aimed at reducing the level of diseases among the population.

The formation of the concept and awareness of the essence of disinfection appeared as a result of activities carried out in medieval Europe during plague outbreaks. Since the carriers were insects and rats, the disinfection also included focal disinsection (the destruction of insects) and deratization (the destruction of rodents).

Subsequently, as science develops, priority with focal disinfection has shifted to disinfection prophylactic, conducted as a preventive measure in the absence of diseases or small quantities.

Objectives of disinfection

The main purpose of disinfection activities is prevention of the spread of infectious diseases for the formation and maintenance of safe living conditions.

Disinfection has a task of interrupting ways to distribute infection from its source to other objects.

The following types of disinfection are distinguished:

prophylactic,
the focal, dividing on current and final complexes of disinfect measures.

The preventive view of D. is designed to prevent infection in the places of possible appearance and accumulation of pathogens (therapeutic, educational institutions, food industry enterprises, public places, water supply and sewage and sewage facilities, etc.).

Preventive D. does not depend on the detection of causative agents of diseases, epidemiological situation and is preventive. Conducting disinfection as a complex of measures to disinfect is possible by the forces and means of institutions, as well as with the involvement of specialized services.

The multiplicity and timing of the disinfection of this type is regulated by regulatory documents. Preventive disinfection is planned and unscheduled (when changing conditions or one-time).

Mechanical disinfection of hands with washing and cleaning surfaces at home also refers to a prophylactic type of destruction or a decrease in the level of saming the skin and surfaces of objects to reduce the likelihood of infections.

Current disinfection is a focal type of disinfection, carried out by the presence of a source of infection in order to destroy pathogens secured by a carrier or a sick person. The task of the current D. is a decrease in the level of pollution, the contamination of the environment by the focus of the dissemination of infection. The current D. includes events conducted in hospitals, insulators, houses with infectious patients. This species aims to prevent the propagation of pathogens, as well as the toxins allocated by them beyond the focus of the disease.

The final disinfection is most often used in cases where the patient or carrier is hospitalized, recovered, isolated or died, as well as when changing the residence of the medium of chronic infection (for example, tuberculosis). Things, linen, considerable items are usually contaminated and served as a source of dissemination of the disease. Final D., also relating to the focal type, is carried out if the duration of the viability of the pathogen in the environment is more than 2 days.

The measures of the final D. are carried out in the foci of diseases such as tuberculosis (the term of the causative agent in the discharge of the body - up to 12 years), Scarlatina (the pathogen in the dried blood remains active for several months), scabies, meningococcal infection, hepatitis A, and so on . Streptococcal's causative agent is also very resistant to the effect of the external environment, according to researchers, the type of streptococcus Mitis, randomly listed on the lunar surface, was maintained in it up to 950 days, withstanding the temperature differences of 270 degrees and the total lack of moisture.

There are four basic methods of disinfection.

The mechanical method involves the mechanical removal of particles from the surfaces and from aerial By venting, cleaning surfaces, washing, ventilation. The mechanical method of disinfection also includes air filtration, water, removal of infected soil. It is impossible to remove all pathogenic organisms with a mechanical method, so it is usually used in combination with a physical or chemical disinfection method.

Chemical disinfection methods are to use disinfectants who are deprivingly affecting pathogenic organisms and destroying toxins. Often, chlorine-containing and alcoholic preparations are used for chemical disinfection, hydrogen peroxide, formalin.

Disinfection physical methods are based on the principles of physical impact. It uses high-temperature processing of materials, as well as ultraviolet radiation. This method is considered efficient and environmentally friendly.

The disinfection biological method is based on the interaction of various microorganisms. It is used mainly for sewer and wastewater, for cleaning septic and drain facilities.

Combined disinfection methods are a combination of two and more basic ways to conduct disinfecting to improve the performance. Most often, primary mechanical processing is combined using chemicals or physical method D.

Disinfection rules

The disinfection rules differ depending on the object, area, method and the level of disinfection. The rules set establishes on the basis of research and is based on a disinfection complex of measures.

The disinfection rules describe the procedure, a method of disinfection, recommendations for the use of disinfection and specialized equipment. Thus, disinfection by the physical method of medical products varies depending on the processing method (boiling, water ferry treatment under high pressure or dry hot air) with set nominal temperature and processing time and the limit deviations. The rules of disinfection are different for the types of equipment used, conditions, the nomenclature and composition of medical products, as well as the objectives of D ..

The rules of disinfection established by various supervisory authorities describe all areas of activity where the distribution of pathogenic and patrogen-pathogenic organisms is possible: from the care of animals to beauty salons. The general provisions usually include sections about the disinfection of the area (premises), processing and sterilization of special-purpose products, the rules of personnel work and storage of sterile instruments.

The rules for conducting disinfection of medical devices also include a section on disinfection of disposable medical devices, such as syringes and needles. Processing disposable syringes after their use involves washing and directly disinfection. The rules also describe the safest way to handle products. Such precautions before utilization make it possible to avoid the spread of infection.

Disinfection means differ in the appointment and form of release. Among the main requirements for modern disinfection means are allocated as follows:

high efficiency that ensures the target specific impact of the agent in a short time;
safety;
compatibility and harmlessness for materials of treated surfaces and products;
a specialized cleansing effect for organic and inorganic types of pollution;
stability when used;
the ability to control the concentration of disinfection means in solution;
etc.

To types of basic active ingredients when chemical Disinfections include alcohols (ethyl, isopropyl and others), halogens (most common - chlorine), aldehydes, peroxides (based on atomic oxygen, for example, in hydrogen peroxide), phenols, guanidines, amines (also have washing properties). The Department of State Secretary-Pidnadzor of the Ministry of Health in the territory of the Russian Federation is allowed for use in medical and preventive institutions about 250 disinfection means that have appropriate certificates.

Sterilization is a process where disinfection is included as one of the basic stages. Sterilization is carried out in order to destroy all microorganisms and their dispute, pathogenic, saprophyte microorganisms, in contrast to disinfection used to destroy only pathogenic or conditionally pathogenic microorganisms. Disinfection and sterilization differ in targets and outcome.

In accordance with the designs of disinfection and sterilization, all types of reusable medical purposes, contact with, wound surfaces, patient mucous membranes, must be subjected to various methods.

The warranty of sterility provides not only the disinfection and sterilization processes themselves, but also compliance with the rules of preservation cleaning, packaging, storage and use of the processed tool. The criterion for the effectiveness of the process is considered an irreversible loss by microorganisms of the ability to reproduce, evaluated in laboratory conditions.

The most common are methods of thermal sterilization (physical). These include:

sterilization with dry heat or hot air, conducted in special drying cabinets or pasteur furnaces. Process temperature 160-170 degrees, shutter time 60-90 minutes. This method is suitable for processing laboratory dishes, tools, mineral oils, vaseline;
filming on fire effective method For disinfection and sterilization of metal and glass products, used limited due to the impact on materials;
sterilization with boiling is carried out most often in combination with the chemical method, to increase the efficiency, adding 2% sodium carbonate solution. A similar method is used to process syringes, surgical instruments, rubber tubes, needles;
autoclaving, most effective and fast physical sterilization method using saturated high pressure steam in autoclaves. High efficiency is achieved due to the possibility of steaming under pressure of higher temperatures than the water and aqueous solutions. In autoclaves, underwear sterilize, dressing material, rubber products. It is possible to sterilize in the autoclave of nutrient media, specialized solutions of infected materials and used microbiological crops. Depending on the required level of sterilization and product properties, various temperature and pressure modes are installed. With an interteadically closed autoclave, a sterilization method is possible by fluid.

The chemical sterilization method is used for products and substances that cannot be exposed to high temperatures, such as thermolabile nutrient media, complex medical equipment or plastic laboratory dishes.

Disinfection and sterilization of chemical solutions, despite the efficacy of the process, is complicated by the need to remove trace amounts of the solution from the surface of the product, which may entail secondary contamination in non-compliance with the disinfection rules.

If there is no possibility to remove the residue of the solution from the surface of the product, most often use ethylene oxide, characterized by toxicity to bacteria and disputes, low boiling point (about 10 degrees Celsius), volatility. Ethylene oxide is used both in the solution and for sterilization by a gas method to achieve a boiling point.

The possibilities of using ethylene oxide are limited to physical properties: toxicity, instability, explosion habiability of the substance.

We also use types of ozone sterilization, hydrogen peroxide pairs, formaldehyde.

New, modern sterilization methods include the installations of infrared and ionizing radiation. Infrared rays are considered to be the most effective way of sterilization due to a wide range of impact on microorganisms and disputes, speed and low energy intensity of the process, the absence of aggressive effects of the sterilization agent on products and environmental cleanliness.

The ionizing radiation of gamma rays is used to sterilize disposable medical products and domestic destination in the process of their production.

Disinfection and cleaning are preparatory stages Before sterilization. Preservation disinfection and purification are aimed at the destruction of pathogenic microflora by disinfection and subsequent cleaning of surfaces from traces of disinfectant, as well as from remnants of medicines, protein, fat, mechanical and other contaminants. High-quality disinfection and purification significantly affect the effectiveness of the sterilization process, therefore the level of cleanliness of surfaces is controlled in accordance with the standards directly by the forces of the medical institution, as well as control by specialists of relevant institutions (for example, Rospotrebnadzor). The most common control methods allow to identify blood residues, biological fluids (for medical instruments) and disinfection tools (on laboratory, pharmacy dishes).

Disinfection and purification are carried out by a combined method combining mechanical (manual, mechanized, ultrasonic, high-temperature) and chemical processing.

The stages of preservation can include: soaking in detergent solution, boiling, washing with manual, mechanized method, rinsing (repeated, in running and distilled water), drying.

Solution for disinfection

The disinfection solution is used to destroy dangerous microorganisms on medical instruments, subjects, surfaces and in the environment. The concept of "disinfection solution" is often confused with an antiseptic solution used for the purpose of treating skin cover and cavities of the human body. But the separation of concepts is not always possible, since some can be used as a solution for disinfection of tools and vice versa, separate solutions for disinfection are suitable for treating body surfaces.

Usually, the following groups are used as the basis of disinfectant solutions: halogens (and halogen-containing compounds: betadine, chlorhexidine, solution of chlorine lime), oxidizing agents (potassium permanganate, hydrogen peroxide, perhydro), alcohols and aldehyde compounds (ethanol, formaldehyde), metals salts (SUMMA, Mercury chloride), phenols (carbo). Combined solutions are also used.

The rules for working with solutions include precautions for the protection of skin surfaces, mucous and respiratory tract, as well as conditions for carrying out the processed room.

Disinfection tablets should not be confused with antiseptic tablet tools for disinfection of urinary tract and other organs. Disinfection tablets are called disinfection reagent in a dry form, dosage and formed, the purpose of which is to destroy the pathogenic microflora on surfaces or objects (after breeding into the solution) or in water tanks (pools).

The form of the release of a dry disinfectant can be both in the form of a tablet for disinfection and in granules. The composition and main components determine the purpose of the drug, varying from use at home to clean the plumbing to the final focal D. after the outbreak of the infectious disease.

The most in demand by the consumer tablets for disinfection of dacha pools and septicists. When choosing, you must pay attention to the availability of a certificate and features of the instructions for use.

Disinfection of medical devices

Disinfection of medical devices is carried out to destroy pathogenic microflora as part of a common process that includes disinfection of medical devices, their cleaning and sterilization to reduce the probability of transferring infection from the patient to medical personnel and other people.

Disinfection of medical devices can be directed to full, partial or selective destruction of microorganisms depending on the type of disease, methods of using the product.

Disinfections are also exposed to once used medical products: in production for disinfection and after their use before disposal to curb the paths of possible contamination of the environment.

Instructions for disinfection of various disinfectants are developed on the basis of research and follows two main objectives: the correct use of the drug to achieve a guaranteed level of disinfect and compliance with measures to protect the person and the environment during use.

Disinfection instructions are mandatory for execution. In violation of the instructions, damage and change of properties of objects and objects subjected to chemical, physical, mechanical exposure are possible; Harm to personnel surrounding people and inconsistency of the results of the procedure for conducting the disinfection of the required level.

In cases where the disinfection instructions are not satisfied or executed with deviations in public institutions, violation of disinfection rules is regarded as negligence and may entail administrative responsibility of personnel.

Compliance with the instructions for disinfection in institutions and places of population accumulation is subject to inspections of supervisory authorities (SanEpidemstan, Rospotrebnadzor).

Disinfection varieties

Depending on the place, objectives and reasons for the complex of measures to disinfect, several varieties of D. are distinguished. Some of them are shown below.

Medical disinfection

Medical disinfection - a set of disinfect measures, conducted in medical and preventive institutions in order to reduce the number of pathogenic microorganisms to a level recognized as acceptable in these conditions. Medical disinfection is also divided into preventive and focal (current and final). Depending on the type of institution, one or another type of medical disinfection can be prevailing or used equally.

Medical disinfection is carried out by physical, mechanical, chemical, biological and combined methods.

Medical disinfection is part of the process of sterilization, complete destruction of microorganisms. Products of medical purposes in contact with biological fluids of patients (surgical instruments) are subjected to similar treatment.

To carry out home disinfection, you can call a special service or spend it yourself. The choice depends on the objectives and reasons for it. If the house was a patient with an infectious infectious disease, the disinfection procedure is carried out under the control of medical services and using special equipment. If home disinfection is prophylactic, you can do on your own.

Methods of homemade disinfection

The method of partial disinfection is used in domestic conditions daily. It includes both washing of hands and processing of food, and washing, wiping surfaces from dust, venting, washing floors.

The full home disinfection is carried out by combining the mechanical and chemical methods of disinfection, the addition of physical species is recommended for complete confidence - treatment with ultraviolet rays.

The choice of disinfection method depends on the target.

To make disinfection after the disease, it is necessary to wash all the things in the house, process all surfaces, horizontal and vertical, with a disinfectant (including walls, floors under furniture). For handling soft toys, carpets, mattresses, soft furniture Use soap solutions or sprays with disinfectant.

Clean things need to be packaged and not to put into the room where processing is being processed until the end of the process.

As disinfectants, you can use both special solutions and tablets for disinfection and apply disinfection methods. folk remedies: treated with acetic acid, summer alcohol, saturated solution of salt, linseed oil. The use of a solution of ethyl alcohol may damage the surface. When this disinfection is selected, it is necessary to remember that it cannot be mixed with chlorine-containing drugs. To get rid of the room from mold, it is also necessary to choose preparations with antifungicidal action.

Precautions When conducting home disinfection include the use of personal protective equipment (gloves, glasses, respirator or mask), as well as a constant flow of fresh air.

Sanitary processing and disinfection of surfaces at home should be carried out regularly and carefully. Processing, disinfection can be as soon as mechanical (using clean winds and water) and with the addition of chemicals (many solutions combine detergents and disinfection properties, which makes it possible to actively apply them into everyday life).

Treatment and disinfection of the bathroom and toilet room Always carried out with household types of solutions for cleaning and disinfection.

Disinfection of hands

Antiseptic processing and disinfection of hands began to enter into medical practice English Surgeon Joseph Lister (Joseph Lister) in the middle of the 19th 19th century, after the tragic death of the Vienna Physician Ignatia, the first to use a disinfecting solution of chlorine lime for hands and for this reason, commemorated with colleagues and placed in a crazy House for "Behavior, Unworthy Doctor."

The purpose of antiseptic handling of the hands is the spread of infectious diseases and pathogenic microorganisms. Disinfection of hands protects both from infecting the subject and from the transfer of pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microflora from the patient to the surrounding people.

There are domestic, hygienic and surgical disinfection of hands. For hand processing, a general standard EN-1500 has been developed, describing the procedure procedure: Complexes of movements, types of antiseptic agents, sequence of action for cleaning the skin, closing the crane, etc.

Household treatment and disinfection of hand implies a mechanical method for removing transient microflora from skin surfaces without applying antiseptic disinfection tools. Washing and rinsing hands in running water with soap refers to the household method. Efficiency household method Depends on the compliance with the processing rules.

Wash your hands must be necessary for at least 30 seconds using a liquid or solid soap. With a single washing of hands, the efficiency of removal of transient microflora is 40%, at twofold - up to 70%. When using solid soap, make sure that the storage place (soap is) provides the possibility of drying soap.

To increase efficiency before processing, it is necessary to remove all the decorations from the fingers and wrists.

The household method of disinfection of hands is used both at home (preventive D.) and production, in laboratory and medical facilities (preventive or current D., carried out before the start of work, before and after physical contact with the patient, at the end of the reception).

Hygienic disinfection treatment of the skin of the hands is carried out using antiseptic agents and is aimed at removing pathogenic or conditionally pathogenic microflora from the skin surface.

It is hygienic treatment with a combination of a household method and an antiseptic agent. The list of antiseptics is developed by the Pharmacological Committee of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.

The antiseptic is applied at the end of the mechanical cleaning of hands in an amount from 3 ml, without subsequent removal.

The hygiene level D. is designed to handle the brushes and the forearms before putting on surgical gloves, contact with a patient having a reduced level of immunity, before and after carrying out small surgical manipulations, processing wounds, after contacts with biological fluids, etc.

Surgical disinfection of hands is carried out to reduce the probability of infection in the process of surgical manipulations in a situation where gloves may be damaged and operating sterility is broken. This level ensures the most efficient removal of microflora with skin.

Wash (household, mechanical processing) of the hands is made in the case of visible contaminants. Most preferably, the use of alcohol-containing means, with applying them on the brush and forearm and rubbing to dry. The antiseptic means is applied twice, a total volume of at least 10 ml. The minimum total hand processing time is 7 minutes.

After drying, nail processing is carried out and areas around disposable chopsticks or brushes with an antiseptic.

Sterile surgical gloves are put on the drying of the skin. If the duration of their use is 3 hours, the gloves need to be replaced by repeating the handling procedure. Upon completion of wearing gloves, skin cover must be treated with an antiseptic agent, wash with soap and moisturize with cream.

Ethyl alcohol is not used in the process of disinfection of hands, as it leads to dry skin, the formation of microcracks both in the epidermis and on operating gloves, reducing their protective function.

Water disinfection includes a set of measures aimed at disinfection, water purification from microorganisms.

Events to disinfection of water in the water supply system are aimed at ensuring protection from infecting diseases with fecal-oral transmission mechanisms, as well as infections from natural foci (for example, tularemia, leptospirosis). According to statistical data, the number of cases of abdominal disease and hepatitis A directly correlates with the level of disinfective measures.

The reagent method of disinfection of water, unreought -led and combined.

The reagent disinfection includes methods of chlorination, ozonation, silvering, iodization, bromination and treatment of chlorine dioxide.

Ultraviolet and ultrasonic disinfection of water - non-agapeless ways.

In the combined method, two methods of disinfection or two different reagents are used for immediate disinfection and maintain water purity for a long time.

How to draw water disinfection in hiking conditions

For the use of natural water, mechanical, physical, chemical and combined cleaning methods are used as drinking, allowing water disinfection in hiking conditions.

Most possible methods allowing to carry out the disinfection of water under conditions of the campaign, require preliminary preparation, reserves of funds or reagents.

The mechanical methods include filtering, to physical - boiling or freezing, processing UV rays. Chemical methods suggest the use of reagents (the most common - potassium permanganate (mangartee), iodine alcohol solution or iodine-containing tablets, hydrogen peroxide, revenue preparations, furacillin, etc.)

Some reagents require additional heating in order to more efficiently carry out D., to increase the efficiency of cleaning, neutralizing the possible effects of the reagent to the body or improve the organoleptic properties of water.

The combined method is most often based on combining the use of filters and preparations for cleaning. The most reliable and convenient way to draw water disinfection in hiking conditions is recognized as the use of multistage filters with a membrane level, delaying bacteria and microorganisms and transmitting water molecules.

The disinfection system of water is used in urban water supply, as well as in private and public swimming pools, medical and prophylactic institutions equipped with hydromassage baths. The disinfection system is also installed on drinking water devices.

Chemical reagents, addition of chlorine-containing substances, ozonation, treatment with ultraviolet rays are most often used as disinfecting agents in disinfection systems.

What measures are effective in relation to paths and factors of transmission of pathogens of infectious diseases in external environment?

Sanitary and educational work

Fighting infections pathogens

Disinfection and disinsection

? Disinfection is ...

A complex of measures aimed at the destruction of pathogens of infectious diseases in the surrounding person

A set of measures aimed at reducing the number of pathogens in the external environment

A set of measures aimed at the destruction of arthropods

A set of measures aimed at the destruction of rodents

? What determines the need for disinfection?

Virulence of pathogens

Sustainability of pathogens in the external environment

Availability of non-selected sources of infection

Detection of source infection

? Preventive disinfection is carried out ...

In hairdressers (tools, underwear)

At a tap station

In the apartment of a patient with dysentery left at home

In public toilets

? Current disinfection in the apartment of the infectious patient is carried out ...

When leaving and treating a patient house

From the moment of identifying hospitalization of the patient

With bacteria carriers in the family, apartment

After recovering the patient

Who appoints the current disinfection in the apartment of the patient with dysentery, which is on the treatment of the house?

Potted Terapeut

Epidemiologist

Disinfectionist doctor

Infectious disease physician

Who conducts the current disinfection in the apartment of a patient with dysentery left at home?

Attending doctor

Section Medical Sister

Disinfection workers

Family members Patient

? In what cases is the current disinfection is shown?

In the apartment of the carrier of the abdominal bacteria

In the apartment after hospitalization of a patient with viral hepatitis A

In the separation for patients with dysentery

Upon republishing a separation for patients with dysentery in a compartment for patients with viral hepatitis

After discharge from the boxing of the patient diphtheria

? Final disinfection is carried out ...

All right

In the focus after hospitalization of the infectious patient

In the focus after the recovery of the infectious patient

In the apartment after the death of the infectious patient

Upon refilting infectious compartment into therapeutic

? Who holds the final disinfection in the apartment of a patient infectious disease?

Attending doctor

Employees of Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision

Family members Patient

Who holds the final disinfection in the therapeutic department after the translation of the patient with abdominal typhoids?

Personnel branch

Employees of the Territorial Center of Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision

Disinfection workers

The final disinfection can perform medical personnel of the institution or population under the leadership of workers of the disinfection service in an epidemic center ...

Typho-paratyphoundic infection

Rotavirus gastroenteritis

Iraciniosis

Siberian ulcers

The final disinfection is performed by workers of the disinfection service in an epidemic center ...

Diesency

Diphtheria

Scabies

Escherichiosis

Tuberculosis

Who appoints final disinfection in a children's sanatorium when identifying a patient diphtheria?

Sanatorium doctor

Epidemiologist

Disinfectionist doctor

Infectious disease physician

? Physical disinfection method provides for use ...

All right

Hot air

Steam-air mixture

Saturated para

Ultraviolet rays

Requirements for chemicals used for disinfection ...

Good solubility in water

The activity of the drug in the presence of protein and other organic substances

Activity of the drug at room temperature

Sufficient bacteriostatic action of disinfectant

The effectiveness of disinfectants depends ...

From the temperature of the disinfectant and the environment

From the concentration of disinfectant

From exposure

From atmospheric pressure

? As disinfectants use ...

Iodine, bromine and their connections

Oxidifiers

Phosporganic connections

Choose a drug with the highest content of active chlorine

Bleaching powder

Chloramine

Dichlorogdantoin

Trichlorizocianoic acid

? List the rules for the storage of chlorine-containing disinfectants

In a cool place

In a well-heated room

On light

In the dark

In closed dishes

What drugs should be used for current disinfection in the apartment of the patient with dysentery left for the treatment of the house?

Chlorine lime

Chloramine

Carbolovic acid

Hypochlorite calcium

? Chlorine lime and chloramine are used for disinfection in the form of ...

Dry substance

Solo

Aerosol

? Dry chlorine lime is used for disinfection ...

Liquid feces of patients with acute intestinal infections

Toilets in the separation for patients with acute intestinal infections

Toilets cesspool type

Patient Cholera Mass

? How to prepare a smoke lime solid?

Dissolve dry matter in water temperature

Dissolve dry substance in hot water

Divide the previously prepared main (uterine) solution to the necessary working concentration

? Indicate the maximum time to preserve the activity of the working solution of the chlorine lime

For 1 hour after cooking

During the working day

Within 2-3 days

How to prepare an activated solution of chlorine lime, chlorine, DT SGK?

To heat the disinfectant solution

Add ammonium compounds

Add acetic acid

Hydrogen peroxide solution with synthetic washing agents Use ...

Only once

During the day from the date of preparation

For 2 days from the date of preparation

Only at room temperature

In heated video

Lizol solutions use ...

For disinfection

For disinsection

For deratization

Triple solution for medical instrument processing contains ...

Hypochlorite calcium

Carbolovic acid

Trichlorizocianuroic acid

Formalin

Sodium bicarbonate (soda bicarbonate)

? Disinfection cameras should have ...

Disinfection service of the city, district

In an infectious hospital

In any multidisciplinary hospital

In the maternity hospital

All right

Chamber processing of things are carried out in the foci of the following diseases ...

Abdominal typhoid and paratifies A, in

Typhus

Diphtheria

All right

Pediculosis

Indoor when installing a stationary disinfection chamber of any type should be provided ...

Chamber Hall

Boot office

Unloading compartment

Warehouse of pure things

All right

The acting agent in the steam chamber is ...

Saturated water par

Fluent steam

Heat

High blood pressure

All right

The steamformaline chamber is used ...

Only for disinfection

Only for disinsection

With different modes of operation for disinfection and disinsection

For sterilization

The actors in the steamformaline chamber are ...

Saturated steam

Steam mixture

Pair of formalin

Increased temperature

High working pressure

Leather and fur things when disinfection should be processed ...

In a steam chamber in a saturated ferry

In the steam chamber with a fluid ferry under normal pressure

In the steamformaline chamber at a temperature of +60 0 s

In a steamformaline chamber at a temperature of + 40-57 0 s

In the steam formalin chamber only a stead-air mixture

When disinsectioning things in a steamformalin chamber must be used ...

Farmers

Only vapor formalin

Farm and Formalin Couples

Do things keep the smell of formalin after processing in a steamformaline chamber

? What things from the listed can be processed in a steam chamber?

Bedding (mattresses, blankets, pillows)

Leather Products

Fur coats

Linens

How do shoes process with fungal diseases of the legs?

In a steam chamber

In a steamformaline chamber

Wipe with a tampon moistened in a 25% solution of formalin, placed on 2h. in a closed plastic bag, then ventilate

Polluted waste underwear patients with dysentery should be processed ...

In disinfection chamber

Soak in a disinfecting solution

After disinfection boil with detergents

What solutions can be used for disinfection?

0.5% Activated solution of DT SGK, cooked in the morning

0.5% chlorine solution cooked in the morning

0.5% chlorine lime solution prepared on the eve

3% Lizol solution cooked 2 days ago

? Medical sterilization is ...

Destruction of all microorganisms in substances and subjects

Destruction of causative agents of infectious diseases in the environment

? Sterilization is subjected to medical products and tools ...

Contact with a wound surface

Contact with blood

Injecting with injection drugs

Contact with mucous membranes

All right

? Stages of sterilization - this ...

Disinfection

Prestimal purification

Packaging of sterilizable products

Sterilization

? Pre-processing of medical instrumentaries aims to remove ...

Mechanical pollution

Protein pollution

Fat components

Medicines

All right

What samples are used to detect blood on medical supplies?

Azopyramic sample

Phenolphthalein sample

Amidopyrin test

Skan III Sample

? Sterilization is carried out ...

Steam method

Air method

Radiation method

Mechanical method

Sterilization control is carried out ...

Biological method

Physical method

Chemical method

Microbiological method

All right

Air method sterilize products ...

From corrosion-resistant metals

From glass

From textile materials

From rubber from corrosion-resistant metals and polymeric materials

? To work with disinfectants and insecticides are allowed ...

Only healthy faces older than 18 years

All working faces older than 16 years

Pregnant

Persons with skin diseases during remission

Disinsection is ...

Destruction of only insects having sanitary and hygienic significance

Destruction of only insects interfering with labor and rest people

Destroying only insects and ticks that are carriers of infectious diseases

Destruction of insects and ticks that are carriers of pathogens of infectious diseases, as well as other insects that have sanitary and hygienic significance and preventing labor and rest people.

? The set of measures for disinsection includes ...

Preventive actions

Fighter events

Name environmentally friendly ways to combat insects and ticks

Chemical

Mechanical

Physical

Biological

? Insecticides ...

Destroy carriers

Attracting carriers

Release the carriers

Substances destroying arthropods (insects and ticks)

Ovicides.

Larvicides

Imagocidal

Fonggicides.

Herbicides.

Insecticides are used in the form ...

Emulsifying concentrans

Soap, shampoos, ointments

Lotions

Solutions

From the proposed list, select Insecticides

Benzyl-benzoate

Neo-Finnam

Bakokutulcid.

Methods of penetration of insecticides in the body of arthropods

Through the digestive tract

Through bodies of body

Through the respiratory tract

All the answers are correct

No correct answers

Fumigants use ...

In any premises with precautions

Only in isolated hermetic premises in compliance with precautions

Intestinal poisons are used to destroy ...

Any kinds of carriers

Insects having a rodent or lugus-sucking rotter

Disinsection is carried out in the foci of the following diseases ...

Scabies

anthrax

Iraciniosis

Leptospirosis

Brucellosis

Insecticides - Pediculocides Apply ...

In all cases of discovery of lice

Only with medium and big loss of lice

As a preventive agent

? To inspect the pediculosis to be ...

All patients entering the hospital

Contingent boarding for elderly faces

Children of boarding schools

In a planned manner, the entire population of administrative territory

In the proposed list, select Persons to be treated with pediculocides when they are detected in their lice (more than 10 copies, including GDID)

Students of schools

The fever entering the maternity hospital

Sick eczema; Pediculosis is detected at the reception in the clinic

Child 3 years old; Pediculosis is detected at the reception in the children's clinic

? Podiculose-affected treatment is carried out by the forces of medical personnel ...

In children's institutions

In boarding schools

In hostels

In hospitals

All the answers are correct

The staff of disinfection stations and departments conducts processing about pediculosis

In all cases of wedding detection

With a wrapping and mixed pediculose (head, wrapping, lobkov wishes)

Fighting ticks includes ...

Ecological way

Chemical method

Physical method

? Repellents apply ...

For processing (irrigation) clothes

For impregnation (impregnation) of flights, customers, grids, curtains, porter, outer walls of tents

For applying to the skin

For spraying in residential premises

For swimming

As scaping means for bloodsowing insects are used ...

Formalin

Benzimine

Diethyl-2,50Dimethylbenzamide (DEX)

Sulphosophos.

? Deratization is ...

Only the destruction of rodents - sources of causative agents of infections

Only protection against crop rodents, food and property

Destruction of rodents - sources of causative agents of infections and protection against them harvest, food and property

? A set of measures for deratization includes ...

Preventive measures

Fighter measures

? Deratization is held ...

In planned manner

By epidemiological indications

Methods of deratization

Mechanical

Chemical

Biological

Physical

Mental

? Mechanical means of fighting rodents appropriately apply ...

In natural foci of infectious diseases

In the food industry enterprises

In preschool children's institutions

In medical institutions

? The chemical method of combating rodents is implemented by applying ...

Employment Nor powders of ratitions (Rativeycides)

Gas processing of premises

Food bait

Bacterial recipes

As a food foundation of poisoned bait used ...

Grain, Crupes, Flour

Bread, porridge, vegetables (carrots)

Fresh fish and meat waste

Milk and dairy products

Choose Raticides (Rativeycides)

Monoforin

Metaton

Gliftor

Microcond

Fluorocetamide

For food industry enterprises, food warehouses, the following derativational measures are most appropriate.

Outdating poisoned bait

Use trappers, traps

Timely removal of garbage

Inaccessibility for food rodents

Immunoprophylaxis

? Immunoprophylaxis is the creation of a immune interlayer among the population using ...

Only alive, inactivated and chemical vaccines

Only anquashins

Alive, inactivated, chemical vaccines, anatoxins and immunoglobulins

Specify the possible ways to acquire active natural immunity

Introduction of the vaccine

Overbowing

Introduction Immunoglobulin

Latent immunization

? Indicate the possible ways to acquire active artificial immunity

! Peeling

! + Introduction of a live vaccine

! + Introduction of inactivated vaccine

! Introduction of therapeutic serum

! + Introduction of Anatoksin

Specify the possible ways to acquire passive artificial immunity.

Introduction of heterologous immunoglobulin

Introduction of heterologous serum

Introduction of the vaccine

Introduction of homologous immunoglobulin

? Vaccine is a drug from ...

Live causative agents with weakened virulence

Killed corpustary pathogenic microorganisms

Product of chemical splitting bacteria

Detoxified exotoxins

All right

Vaccine immunogenicity is ...

The combination of properties that determine the ability of immunogen to induce in immunocompetent organisms or cells of humoral and (or) cellular immunity

The ability to cause the formation of primary sensitization of the body

The degree of its alienity, which is necessary for the formation of post accmineous immunity

Immunogenicity vaccine depends ...

From the chemical and physical condition of the introduced antigen

From the chemical, physical condition of the introduced antigen and its degree of alienity

On the size of the molecule, conformation, configuration, chemical structure, physical condition and degree of alien antigen intake

What properties should have a vaccine strain for the manufacture of a live vaccine?

Preservation of immunogenicity

Preservation of virulence

Loss of virulence

Preservation of breeding ability in the body

Live vaccines are used for immunoprophylaxis ...

Tuberculosis

Epidemic parotitis

Poliomyelita

All right

Inactivated vaccines are used for immunoprophylaxis ...

Epidemic parotitis

Abdominal typhoid

Leptospirosis

Encephalitis tickry

Freaks ku (cockxiellosis)

Chemical vaccine contains ...

All microbial cell antigens

Lipopolisaccharide protein antigenic complexes (LPS) microbial cells

Preferably Protective Microbial Cell Antigens

Chemical vaccines are used for immunoprophylaxis ...

Tularemia

Meningococcal infection

Pneumococcal infection

To prevent any infectious diseases use anatoksins?

Diphtheria

Botulism

Gas gangrene

Meningococcal infection

What vaccines provide busy long immunity in one-time introduction?

Core

Leptospyrosna

Parotitis

? Post-specific immunity persists ...

For 1-2 months.

For 2 years

For 5 years and more

For life

At what infectious diseases to protect contact persons can be used a vaccine?

For measles

With diphtheria

With Pertushe

With meningococcal infection

With typhoid typhoid

? In response to the introduction of the vaccine drug may occur ...

Local reactions

General reactions

Complications

Infectious disease corresponding to the introduced vaccine

? Major Criteria for Quality Quality Vaccine Preparations ...

Sterility

Harmlessness

Immunogenicity

Solubility

? Immunoglobulins and serums apply ...

For the treatment of patients

For emergency prevention of infectious diseases

For the treatment of patients with post-calcinal complications

To immunize the entire population

To obtain homologous immunoglobulins are used ...

Blood hyperimmunized animals

Blood immunized donors

Blood overwhelmed people

Placental blood

To obtain heterologous immunoglobulins and serums are used ...

Blood overwhelmed people

Blood hyperimmunized animals

Urban passing people

The maximum duration of the protective effect of heterologous immunoglobulins and sera ...

From the proposed list, select Homologic Preparations

Normal human immunoglobulin

Anti-resistant serum

Anti-hygospose immunoglobulin

Anticipous immunoglobulin

Anti-informy serum

? By the method of charts, you should enter ...

Homologous immunoglobulins

Heterologous Immunoglobulins and Serums

Choose preparations entered by charter

Anti-cancer immunoglobulin

Antihalppyrosal immunoglobulin

Antistaphilococcal immunoglobulin

Anti-resistant immunoglobulin

Antichangrenous serum

Why is an ampoule with a normal horse serum in breeding 1: 100, in a box with anticipable serum in a box with a non-restrained serum?

To determine the sensitivity of the horsepower cheese proteins

For body desensitization

To create passive immunity

To create active immunity

? The fastest specific immunological reactivity is formed after the introduction ...

Alive vaccines

Inactivated vaccines

Immunoglobulinov

Serum

The group of biological preparations that provide a lithical or inhibitory effect on causative agents of infectious diseases includes ...

Bacteriophages

Interferon

Kolya Bacterin

Tuberculin

? Indicate the duration of the protective effect of bacteriophages

Few hours

Quality control of medical immunobiological drugs are carried out ...

Centers of sanitary epidemiological supervision

Institutions manufacturers

State Research Institute of Standardization and Control of Medical Biological Preparations (HIS). L.A.Tarasievich

? Indicate vaccinations, defined as planned

Children in accordance with vaccination calendar

Military personnel against gas gangrene, botulism

Military personnel against diphtheria and tetanus

City population in the threat of distribution cholera

? Epidemiological indications make vaccinations ...

Population of the village in the threat of distribution cholera

Students leaving the natural focus of tick-borne encephalitis

Contact persons in the focus of diphtheria

Servicemen against tetanus

? Contraindications for planned vaccines are ...

Heavy forms of allergies

Malignant neoplasms

Body mass at birth less than 2000.

Pregnancy

All right

Should I inform the vaccine introduced about possible reactions?

No, to eliminate failures and unjustified fear before vaccination

Yes, it is necessary to explain the causes of reactions and measures when they appear

In each case, the medical worker must do at his discretion

You have to lead a job in the vaccination office. What should you do?

Sanitary and educational work with hospital staff about the need for vaccinations

Conduct briefing personnel participating in the vacation work

It is not necessary to instruct the personnel, because there is instruction in boxes with drugs

Have anti-shock therapy and glucocorticosteroid drugs

All right

You have to form a vaccine brigade. Who from medical workers can enter her composition?

Medical sister, for 2 years, suffering from ulcerative disease

Medical sister, for 2 months. suffering from allergic dermatitis

The doctor who suffered streptococcal angina 5 days ago

Doctor - reconmarkscent after measles

Medical Sister - Bacterida of Atauxigne Corinbacterium diphtheria

? No vaccine use ...

With inappropriate physical properties

With impaired ampoule

Live vaccines (core, vapor), exposed to temperature above +8 0 C; BCG - above +4 0 C

? Exterior AC, ADS-M Anoxes

Muddy fluid during shaking, and when defending a precipitate and transparent supernatant fluid are formed

Transparent liquid

You have to introduce anticipable serum to the patient in the surgical office. When inspecting the ampoule, you found a slight precipitate. How to proceed?

Shake for uniform distribution of precipitate in the liquid, then dial the serum into the syringe and enter the patient.

Carefully gain a supernatant in the syringe and enter the patient.

? Is it possible to use an expired vaccine?

Yes, if she was stored correctly

Yes, if not changed appearance

Yes, if there is a special indication of the preservation of the immunogenicity of this series of vaccine

The polyclinic received a new series of vaccine; Check physical properties held…

In all boxes

Only in one box that lies from above

Not less than 2 boxes

? How to do if the number of strong and medium reactions at vaccination reaches 18% or more?

! Conduct vaccinations under the protection of immunoglobulin

! Introduce a vaccine in a smaller dose

! + Cancel vaccinations and get another series of vaccines

? "Cold chain" is ...

Cooling the drug before administration to ensure a better immunogenic effect.

Control temperature mode When transporting vaccines from the manufacturer to the consumer

Temperature control system during vaccine storage

Temperature control system during storage and transportation of vaccines from the place of manufacture to vaccinations

To control the operation of the refrigerator should be ...

Look at the thermometer readings with each opening of the refrigerator

Daily in the morning and in the evening check the temperature in the refrigerator and celebrate it in the temperature regime log

With constant power supply and a good refrigerator should not be burded by the staff with additional control over the temperature

What fluctuations of the temperature mode are permissible when storing vaccines in the refrigerator in the vaccination office (paragraph)?

Invalid oscillations above +8 0 s

For storing dry vaccines, temperature fluctuations do not matter

Choose rational ways to accommodate and storing vaccines in the refrigerator

Separate location of "old" (earlier received) and "new" vaccines

All vaccines store on the top shelf

Equally efficiently storage of vaccines on any shelf and in the door of the refrigerator

Boxes with vaccines should fill all the space

Admissible testing vaccines to the evaporator

How to solve whether an adsorbed vaccine drug was frozen

You should focus on the thermometer readings; Additional check is not needed

At what stages there are the greatest danger of violation of the temperature regime of the storage of vaccine preparations?

At the warehouse of the manufacturer

On the territorial warehouse of the storage of medical drugs

When transporting vaccines

At the workplace of the vaccination

When transporting vaccines from a warehouse to a clinic, and from it to other vaccination venues ...

Household thermos

Bags refrigerators

Any container, the choice does not matter, as the time of transportation - just a few hours

? When transporting a vaccine in the refrigerant bag refrigerants post

From below, under drugs

From above, over drugs

Along the wall of the bag

In the refrigerator container completely melted the ice in the refrigerants, from that moment it was 12 hours. What vaccine preparations become unsuitable?

Korene vaccine

Teturbed anatoksin

Diffexe Antecisin

Polio vaccine

For vaccination outside the polyclinic, a vaccine in the refrigerator should be transported. How many times is it allowed to take a vaccine and return it to the refrigerator, if it was not used?

Only once

Only 3 times

Any number of times if the ampoules were not opened

The destruction of unused opened ampoules containing residues of living bacterial and viral vaccines is produced by ...

Disposal with household garbage

Boiling, then disposal

Autoclaving with subsequent disposal

Poured by their disinfectant solution, then disposal

? For scheduled vaccinations, children up to 1 year are used by the following vaccines ...

Polio

Parotitis

Child 4 months BCG was not vaccinated in the maternity hospital. How to do?

Immediately make vaccinations

Make vaccination after clinical examination

Make vaccination after a clinical examination at a negative reaction of Mantu

Postpone vaccination up to 7 years of age

Make the BCG vaccination after vaccination of DC and polio vaccines

Which of the listed persons with a negative manta reaction can be revaccined against tuberculosis?

The child for 15 years suffered a viral hepatitis in 3 months. Back

The teenager was 15 years old with a chickenpox 2 months. Back

Child 7 years from Scarlat

The child of 7 years is revaccined by ADS-M Anoxyin 2 weeks. Back

The child of 7 years is revaccined by a polio vaccine 3 months. Back

When can a mother with a newborn mother come from the maternity hospital if there is a sick tuberculosis in the family?