How to equip a sewerage system in a private house. War for a warm toilet or how to sew a sewer

Owning a home is the dream of many people. When the opportunity arises, they begin to build the mansion on their own. In the process of its construction, many questions arise. One of the most common is the laying of a sewage system in a private house. If available, it provides comfort while living in the house. It allows you to drain wastewater from the dwelling into a special well.

When it comes to sewerage when building a house, many people turn to the services of specialists. Although their work is of high quality and after its completion, the owner receives effective system sewers Wastewater however, their services are not cheap and require a certain amount of money. Or maybe refuse outside help and do all the work on your own? Moreover, although there are difficult moments here, the task of an independent sewage system is not one of the impossible. If you delve into the intricacies of constructing a sewer network in your home, then all the work can be done with your own hands, you can save a lot and get an effective sewage system.

What do you need to know?

When the owner decides to lay a sewer system in the house, then first of all it is necessary to find out if there is access to the centralized backbone... If such a line passes in your village, then the installation of the sewerage system in this case is not very difficult. You just need to find out from specialists:

which pipes are best suited for draining wastewater and water from the house;
how to lay pipes correctly;
how to correctly bring the pipes to the manifold.

The greatest difficulty when connecting to a centralized highway is laying pipes on the street. During this work, you have to dig a trench. How deep the trenches are required depends largely on the level of soil freezing. Usually pipes for sewage on the street laid at a depth of 0.5-1 m.

If your house is located far from the sewer main and there is no way to connect to it, then in this case you will have to start working on the device of an autonomous sewer system.

Types of sewerage in a private house

First, you need to decide how the sewer system will look like. It can have a different look:

cesspool;
septic tank.

Cesspool

Traditionally for the drainage of waste water from the home cesspools were used... Now they are considered a relic of the past. However, they have the right to life, if only because:

they efficiently handle wastewater disposal;
construction work is devoid of difficult moments.

If you decide to create a sewage system like a cesspool, then before embarking on the implementation of this idea, you need to learn about the engineering and geological features of the soil in your area.

The easiest option to build a cesspool is do brickwork ... It is most reasonable to use red as a material. ceramic brick... If you are ready to spend money on attracting special equipment, then you can arrange this structure from concrete rings. When constructing such a pit, the bottom is concreted, and then rings are installed. From above, the structure is covered with a plate with a ventilation hole and an inspection hatch.

Septic tank

In many homes, a septic tank is used as a sewerage system. Its main advantages are:

simplicity of construction work;
reliability during operation;
the ability to install on your own;
simplicity of work on the device of such a sewerage system.

At present there are several types of septic tanks... There are even three-chamber ones that have a high degree of wastewater treatment and domestic water... And all due to the fact that such systems include a complex of aeration and biofilters.

Sequencing

Before starting work on the device of an autonomous sewage system in your home, you need to decide on a work plan:

First you need to decide where the cesspool will be located on your site. You should know that the drainage well must be below the level of the house.

It is also important to determine the place where the collector exits the structure. It is necessary to carefully inspect the place where the pipe comes out, taking into account the fact that all waste water from your home will be concentrated at this point. It is necessary to inspect the place of admission in order to make sure in the correct installation of the collector... Distortions and deviations during installation must be absent.

When the site has been examined and important issues have been resolved, you can proceed to drawing up a sewage project.

It must be borne in mind that the external sewerage system must be straightforward. The inner one has many corners and bends, therefore, when working on its laying, all dimensions of pipes and bends should be calculated.

When all the important points have been resolved and all calculations have been completed, you can proceed to the acquisition of the necessary materials.

The internal sewerage system does not differ in its appearance from the one installed in the apartment. But the scope of work for its device will vary significantly.

The time and effort for its creation will have to be spent less if the dwelling has old sewerage... In this case, the main work will be associated with the dismantling of old pipes. You can use old sewer pipes. However, it may turn out that you have to redo the entire system as a whole. In this case, it will take a lot of time and effort to create a new autonomous sewage system in the house. The floor will need to be raised.

And if it turns out that the depth of the sewerage is insufficient, then you will have to deepen it. To do this, you will have to dig a hole under the foundation, and then measure the distance from the bottom edge of the foundation to the top. It should be at least 1 m. In this case, the drains transported through the laid collector pipe will not freeze even in the harsh winter.

It is necessary to dig a trench with outside at home directly to the well... It should be deeper than in the house. This is to ensure a constant slope for the pipe. In this case, the drainage water will flow freely into the well.

At the exit from the house, the trench should have a depth of at least 1 meter, and every 10 meters the depth of the trench should decrease by half a meter.

Laying sewer pipes in a trench

The construction of a wastewater drainage system involves the installation of pipes both outside the house and inside. Next, let's talk in detail about how the outer pipes should be laid. Experts in this regard give the following recommendations.

At the bottom of the dug trench, it is necessary pour a layer of ordinary sand... Its thickness should be 15-20 cm. The creation of such a sand cushion will protect the sewer pipes from excessive pressure, even if they are polypropylene pipes. Having laid the pipes on the sand, they will slightly shrink and take a comfortable position. This will eliminate the excessive load on them in the form of the pressure of the backfilled soil.

One more important point- connection and sealing of joints. A tee must be inserted every 3 m of the pipe. Thus, an audit will be equipped, which is the same pipe that goes to the surface of the earth. Revision is necessary so that in the event of a blockage in the pipe, it could be cleaned without any difficulties. Experts do not advise saving on the installation of an audit. The funds spent on the purchase of tees will pay off during the operation of the sewer system. After every four meters, preferably install revision... The outside of the pipe outlet is closed with a special plug.

When installing an internal sewage system, many owners of private houses are increasingly using polypropylene pipes. These products have many advantages:

they are not subject to corrosion;
have a long service life;
installation of such pipes is not difficult and affordable for every owner.

Having made a choice in favor of polypropylene pipes when laying an internal sewage system, it is necessary to take into account how many sources of effluents are available in a private house. If the dwelling is installed a large number of plumbing fixtures, then in this case it is optimal to use pipes with a diameter of 100 millimeters for laying the internal sewage system.

It should also be taken into account that when leaving the sink, the pipe must have a diameter of 50 mm... Therefore, during the laying of the internal sewage system, pipes of different diameters will have to be joined. However, note that at the moment this is not a big problem, since there are special adapters. Therefore, you can not worry about reliable sealing of joints.

When connecting pipes to each other, it will be useful to check the quality of the gaskets. They should not be damaged, in this case, leakage at the joints will be excluded.

Risers are also equipped with an audit. Its installation is carried out from the floor at a height of at least one meter. In addition, special exhaust pipes are installed, which should be located above the roof at a distance of 70 cm... Why is such complex construction riser? When private house connected to the sewage system, gases and unpleasant odors are inevitable. If the riser has reliable ventilation, then you can get rid of such unpleasant phenomena. Installation of a riser for ventilation of the sewage system ensures the displacement of polluted air. Therefore, spending time and money on its device, you can get rid of the unpleasant odor in your home.

Another important point to be aware of: if the riser is located in an unheated room, then it is necessary to carry out work on its insulation. A special release must be used to connect the riser to an external sewage system. Its diameter should be smaller than that of the pipe on the riser.

The installation of the outlet to the riser in the direction of the movement of polluted water should be carried out at an angle of 90 degrees. In addition, two 135 degree bends must be used to connect the risers. If there is a need for another additional riser, then use an oblique 45 degree tee... And besides this, an additional branch is installed.

Arrange autonomous system sewage in a household is much easier if there is one riser and one collector pipe. When laying outdoor sewerage, it is best to use polypropylene pipes 150 mm.

Conclusion

Sewerage should be in any private house. It provides a comfortable stay. If your home cannot be connected to a centralized sewage main, then in this case, work will have to be done to create an autonomous sewage system. This work is not so difficult, so you can do it yourself. Most often when laying sewers in the house polypropylene pipes are used... It is necessary to choose the right materials and correctly perform the installation so that the joints between the pipes are tight.

The depth of the trench in which the pipes will be laid is of great importance. It should be below the freezing depth in order to exclude freezing of drains in the pipe in winter period... If this is the first time you are starting work on laying an autonomous sewage system and do not know how to do it, then for a high-quality installation of a sewer structure, you should familiarize yourself with the instructions for its device and find out about the recommendations of specialists before starting work. By following them and performing work in accordance with the technology of laying the sewerage system, you can get an effective system that will ensure effective drainage of sewage and used water from the house into the well.

In order for the wastewater disposal system to function flawlessly, several nuances must be taken into account when arranging it. Today we will tell you what a sewerage system is for a private house, how to install it correctly and what mistakes should be avoided.

Pipe routing

Sewerage wiring is one of the most difficult processes, therefore, its arrangement should be given the utmost attention. Its assembly must fully comply with the requirements of SNiP.

Installation of the sewerage system is carried out in stages:
first fits release(pipe connecting the external street and indoor system);

Release device

Further mounted riser- a central pipe located vertically; to facilitate maintenance, it is better if he is alone in the house; as a rule, it is located in utility rooms or a toilet; do not install it in living rooms or kitchens; it is installed openly or fits into a special shaft;

The last to connect bends, starting with the crosses, only flared upwards; in this case, the toilet bowl is connected to the riser only separately with a pipe of 100-110 mm, the rest of the devices can be connected to a single common supply with thin pipes of 50 mm.

Advice... Liquid soap can be used to make it easier for the pipes to slide into the fasteners.

Installation of the outlet

1. For him, it is better to mount a special hole during the construction of the house. If it is not there, then a hole is made in the foundation 200-250 mm wider than the very diameter of the pipe.

2. Hole waterproof using bituminous mastic.

3. Next, a special sleeve is inserted into it (a segment with a diameter of 20-40 mm larger than the outlet pipe). It serves to prevent the main pipeline from collapsing. The sleeve must protrude 150 mm from the foundation on both sides.

4. The outlet pipe is placed in the sleeve. The space between them is carefully filled with foam.

5.With the domestic sewer pipe, the sleeve is connected oblique tee(tee 45 °) and by diversion.

Sewer crosses, tees and bends

Slope angle

Since the wastewater flows through the pipes by gravity, in order to avoid blockages, the angle of their slope should be correctly determined. It is calculated based on the diameter of the pipeline. Moreover, for each plumbing fixture, it is selected separately:

40-55 mm - from 3%;

85-100 mm - from 2%.

Naturally, the further the device is from the riser, the more the slope should be increased. Let's say the drain pit is 200 m from the riser itself. To obtain the required angle of inclination, the pipe should be displaced in height by 60 mm.

Angle of inclination of pipes

Advice. When choosing pipes for sewage, please note that street pipes are always painted in Orange color and pipes intended for indoor installation are gray.

Installation of a riser

1. He is only going to upwards... For such a pipe, appropriate openings are prepared in the ceilings and roof. To reduce the noise of the passage of water from the wall or groove, you should retreat 20 mm.

2. The riser is mounted only strictly vertical... Minor deviations of up to 2 mm for every 2 m are allowed.

3. So that the joints do not interfere with the passage of liquid, the sockets are mounted above.

4. When assembled, gradually connect side bends and inspection hatches. For this, oblique tees and crosses are used.

5. When connecting bends, pipes running parallel to the floor are laid on special supports.

Sewer system diagram

6. Excessive pipe turns should be avoided, if they cannot be dispensed with, it is better to use two tees at 45 °, and even better three at 30 °; if you choose one at 90 °, then the waste in it will be stagnate; in addition, when connected at a right angle, the pressure in the riser will be limiting, which will lead to excessive noise in room.

Advice. Since blockages occur most often in places of turns, be sure to provide inspection or inspection hatches next to them.

7. The riser is fixed to the wall with clamps, which must be located under the sockets. The distance between the clamps is up to 4 m. In order not to damage the system, the holes for them should be prepared in advance or, during their preparation, disassemble the riser for a while.

Riser assembly diagram

Hood arrangement

In order to avoid the ingress of odors into the room, a curved pipe is provided at the bottom of all plumbing fixtures (sinks, toilets, etc.) - odor trap... However, with intensive use of the sewage system, a vacuum is sometimes formed in the riser. In this case, there is a "breakdown of the water seal" - gases without water resistance begin to penetrate into the house.

To avoid this, it is necessary to provide for their removal to the atmosphere. The waste pipe for ventilation of the sewer system is led out through the roof. Its diameter is always equal to the diameter of the main pipe. If the waste pipe runs through an unheated attic, it must be insulated.

With a small bandwidth sewers sewerage equipment without hood is allowed... However, in this case, the riser must necessarily end with a cleaning or inspection hatch.

Inspection hatch and cleaning hole (equipped with a plug)

Basic wiring rules

So that during operation there never arose problems with the sewage system, when arranging it, the following rules should be followed:

To prevent the splash of sewage, all plumbing is connected above the toilet;

To avoid blockages, strong bends and unnecessary tight pipe bends;

Sewer system installation

connection pipe diameter is selected equal to or slightly larger than the size of the largest pipe from the plumbing fixture;

If there is a toilet in the house common riser diameter must be greater than or at least equal to 100 mm - the diameter of the toilet bowl pipe;

The lead to it should not exceed a meter; from other plumbing fixtures allowed eyeliner length up to 3 m; if for some reason it is made larger, then its diameter is increased to the size of the common riser (at least 100 mm); in order not to increase its diameter, it is possible to equip a vacuum valve at its upper end;

To service the system, provide inspection and cleaning hatches; they should be placed every 10 m;

To prevent the pipes from freezing in winter, in the places where they pass underground, they should be carefully insulate.

Living in a private house, every owner dreams of creating in it maximum comfort providing a comfortable standard of living. Therefore, it is important to worry in advance about such an important issue as installing a sewage system in a private house with your own hands. And below you will learn how to do all the work correctly, correctly and not harm the environment.

At self-construction of the sewer system, you can save a lot. But it is important to do all the work correctly, taking into account all the requirements for construction and installation work.

Attention! Your site may require drainage, and you can buy everything you need for it at a discount in the online store https://www.drenaj-shop.ru/. But be sure to indicate that you have come from our site "Remontik".

The choice of the sewerage system scheme should always be made in strict accordance with the layout of your house.

When planning, we recommend providing the most compact arrangement of rooms for which water drainage and supply will be carried out (bathrooms, shower rooms, toilets, laundries and kitchens). But the most the best way consists in such an arrangement in which all plumbing equipment will be tied to one collector, through which wastewater will be drained into a septic tank or cesspool.

If there is a large country house, which provides several different premises with a drain / supply of waters located in different parts of the building, experts advise giving preference to such a sewage system, in which there will be at least two septic tanks or cesspools. In addition, if your house has two or more floors, and the bathrooms, baths and kitchens are on different floors, then you have to install the risers.

Sewerage installation in a private house. Sewerage types

All work on the construction of sewerage in a country house or in the country is reduced to the device of external and internal sewerage.

The work on the internal sewage system should include the installation of a fan pipe, a riser and piping to premises such as a kitchen, shower room, toilet, etc. The external or external sewage system includes everything that is outside the house, that is, the system of pipes that go from the house to the deep cleaning station (quite an expensive solution) or to the septic tank itself (with a storage or filtration field).

Of course, if you can connect to a centralized drainage system, then the task will be greatly simplified. However, below we will consider an autonomous system that includes effective wastewater treatment in a septic tank, and not such a primitive structure as a cesspool.

Installation of internal sewerage in a private house

First of all, you need to deal with the internal circuitry. Even during the design of the house, you need to make sure that all the rooms where the sewerage will be carried out are as close to each other as possible, since this approach allows you to simplify the scheme of the internal sewerage device. Each private house involves the installation of an individual sewerage scheme, which can be very different.

Therefore, you should take into account the fact that in the toilet for drainage, pipes with a diameter of 100-110 mm must be used. For gray drains entering the sewer from the bathroom or kitchen, it is worth using PVC or PP pipes with a diameter of 50 mm. All turns must be done using two plastic elbows that are bent at an angle of 45 degrees, since this will minimize the possibility of blockage in the future (otherwise, it will be quite difficult to eliminate it).

It is cheaper and more reliable to use polypropylene (PP) or polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes in the sewage system. In addition, it is much easier to arrange an internal sewage system using such pipes.

First of all, you must decide where the riser or collector pipe will be located, and only then carry out further wiring from it.

But first of all, it is worthwhile to figure out as accurately as possible how to independently develop a sewage system for your home, since in the future it is possible to perform a complete calculation of materials and plumbing equipment that will be needed for installing a sewer system in a private house.

You can make a sewerage scheme on a piece of paper in a box, but it is better to buy several graph paper sheets for such a task. In addition, you will need a ruler, tape measure, and a sharp pencil.

The sewerage scheme for a private house is drawn up in the following sequence:

First of all, you need to draw up a detailed plan of the house to scale. If you do not know the dimensions, then you will have to use a tape measure and measure everything carefully.

Next, you need to decide on the location of the risers.

Then on the plan you need to mark the location of the plumbing and determine how they will be connected.

Next, mark the pipes that will go from the riser and fittings to plumbing fixtures, and all connecting elements (bends, tees, etc.).

All of the above should be done for all floors of a country house.

Now decide on the dimensions of the riser and the drain pipe.

Add down the entire length of the pipes that belong to the internal sewage system.

Another stage is external sewerage. It is necessary to draw up its diagram: the location of the pipes coming from the septic tank or deep cleaning station to the outlet. In this case, do not forget all the existing SNiPs.

Sewerage installation in a private house: the choice of pipes

Due to the fact that the conditions inside the house, as well as outside it, are significantly different, then the pipes for such sewage systems should be different. Today, PVC or PP pipes, characterized by a characteristic gray color, are usually used for laying internal sewerage systems. For risers and sun loungers, their diameter should be 110 mm, and for drainage - 40 and 50 mm. However, do not forget that such pipes are used exclusively for internal sewerage, and for external it is worth using other solutions.

Usually, pipes that are installed underground from a septic tank or a deep cleaning station to the outlet are orange in color, which can be explained very simply - a bright orange color is more noticeable in the ground. But the pipes used for external sewage differ from others not only in the color itself, but also in the requirements that apply to them. They have high rigidity, since they bear a significant load.

More reliable designs are also offered, a striking example of which are two-layer corrugated pipes... But their laying depth, when maintaining the sewage system, is usually small (usually up to two meters), so there is no need to use them. Most often, red pipes have a diameter of 110 mm, which is quite enough for wastewater disposal.

Below we will consider all the disadvantages and advantages of pipes made from different materials, among which the most used are:

Cast iron.

Advantages: durable and strong pipes, able to withstand high loads.

Disadvantages: heavy and fragile, expensive, on the inside, as a result of corrosion, roughness can form, which can cause blockages.

Polypropylene.

Advantages: flexible and lightweight, which makes them in high demand for indoor sewerage. They calmly cope with the high temperature of the runoff.

Disadvantages: if you use them for their intended purpose, then they have no disadvantages.

Polyvinyl chloride.

Advantages: similar to cast iron, lightweight and inexpensive. Most often used for outdoor sewerage.

Disadvantages: poorly tolerated high temperature waste water, fragile (crack, do not bend).

Sewerage installation in a private house: pipe laying

Perhaps the most difficult process in the construction of an autonomous sewage system in country house is the wiring and laying of pipes. If you are going to perform these works on your own, then call someone for help, since this will affect not only the quality of the work, but also its speed. In addition, we advise you to check the tightness of the system by spilling it with water, and only then, when you are sure of the reliability of all seams, proceed to full-fledged operation.

Pipe connection

As mentioned earlier, the easiest option is to use PVC or PP pipes for sewage. Today, a huge number of products are offered on the construction market, so you can easily find revisions, elbows, tees and plastic pipes, which are easily and securely connected at the docking points, which is ensured by the presence of rubber cuffs. If necessary, all joints are additionally treated with plumbing sealant. Well, where the pipe passes through the ceiling and the wall, we recommend installing a sleeve.

Also, do not forget about the slope of the pipes. Taking into account SNiP, the angle of inclination of the pipe in a free-flow system directly depends on its diameter. For example, for a pipe with a diameter of 50 mm, you need to create a slope of less than 3 cm per 1 meter, and for a pipe with a diameter of 110 mm, at least 2 cm per 1 meter. Please keep this in mind, as different points in the pipeline will have to be laid at different heights to achieve the required slope.

Sewer outlet

In order not to face a discrepancy with the external and internal systems sewerage, you need to start the installation of the sewerage in a private house from the release (the border part of the sewerage, connecting the pipe that leads to the septic tank, with the pipe coming out of the house).

The outlet must be installed through a foundation that exceeds the soil freezing depth corresponding to your region. Naturally, you can make the release higher, but you will need to insulate the pipe so that it does not freeze in winter. If you do not do this, then there is a high probability that you will be able to use the toilet only in the spring, after warming.

If you did not take care of this during the construction of the foundation, then you will have to punch such a hole in its structure into which the branch pipe with a sleeve can easily fit. Moreover, the sleeve is a small piece of pipe with large diameter than the sewer (130-160 mm). It should protrude from both sides of the foundation by at least 15 cm.

Summarizing all of the above, we can say that at the current stage you need to make a hole in the foundation and insert a sleeve with a pipe into it. Remember that the diameter of the outlet pipe must be no less than the diameter of the riser. The sleeve itself is necessary in order for you to be able to set the required slope of the pipe in relation to the septic tank (2 cm by 1 m).

Layout and installation of a riser

It is good if the riser is in the toilet, since the recommended pipe size from the toilet to the riser is 100 mm. It can be mounted both openly and hidden, depending on how exactly the pipes will be located - in special boxes, channels, walls and niches or next to the wall (fastening with clamps, pendants, etc.).

To connect sewer pipes with risers, it is worth using oblique tees, and at the joints of pipes of different diameters, it is necessary to use adapters. At the intersection of pipes from sinks, shower and bathtub, you need to install a collector pipe with a diameter of 100-110 mm. At the same time, take care of water traps that protect the sense of smell from unpleasant odors.

On each riser, it is imperative to mount a special tee, with which you can clean the blockage. In order not to carry out work on cleaning the sewer in the future, install a sewer after each turn of the pipe.

Fan pipe outlet

It should be said right away that the conclusion and installation of the fan pipe plays an important role, since it is needed for:

maintaining normal atmospheric pressure inside the system so that air discharge and water hammer do not occur;
increasing the durability of the sewage system;
ventilation of the entire system, which is required for the effective operation of the septic tank.

The fan pipe is an extension of the riser, that is, it is a pipe that leads to the roof. Before connecting the riser and the drain pipe, you need to perform an audit. Then you can lead the pipe to the attic at any convenient angle.

We do not advise to simplify the work by combining the fan pipe with ventilation or chimney. In addition, you need to locate its exit as far as possible from balconies and windows (at a distance of at least 4 m). Moreover, the height of the indentation from the roof should in no case be less than 70 cm. In addition, it is necessary to have the ventilation of the sewage system, ventilation of the house and the chimney at different levels.

Summarizing all of the above, the following can be noted:

at the first stage, we recommend developing a detailed wiring diagram, minimizing the distance from the plumbing to the riser;

it is necessary to increase the diameter of the pipes going to the riser while connecting other additional devices (exclude a decrease in diameter);

stick to one simple rule: the larger the outlet of the device, the closer it should be to the riser, respectively (the toilet should be the closest to the riser);

where blockages may form in the future, it is necessary to provide for cleaning and revisions;

in the distribution system for ventilation, there must be a fan pipe.

Installation of outdoor sewerage in a private house

You can equip an external sewage system in a country house with your own hands different ways which we'll talk about below. It is important to correctly choose a system that would fully satisfy the needs.

It is necessary to decide on the sewerage arrangement scheme taking into account the following factors:

permanent or temporary residence in a private house;
the number of people who live in the house for daily rent;
daily water consumption by one person (depends on the availability of a washbasin, washing machine, toilet bowl, sink, bathtub, shower, etc.);
bedding level groundwater;
soil structure and type;
the size of your site around the house and how much space can be allocated for treatment facilities;
climatic conditions.

All sewerage systems for a private house can be divided into 2 types:

storage systems (cesspool without a bottom, sealed container);

structures used for wastewater treatment (aerotank - a septic tank with a constant air supply, a septic tank with a filtration field and three or two chambers, a septic tank with a biofilter, a septic tank with natural purification and two overflow wells, a simple single-chamber septic tank with soil purification).

Cesspool bottomless

A cesspool is the oldest and most proven method of installing a sewage system in a private house. Even 50 years ago, this method simply had no alternatives. True, then people did not use as much water as they do today.

A cesspool is the same well that has no bottom. In it, you can make walls from concrete rings, concrete, brick and other material, leaving the soil as the bottom. After sewage enters the pit from the house, relatively clean water, being purified, will seep into the soil, and fecal matter and organic waste will accumulate, gradually settling to the bottom. When the well is completely filled with solid waste, it must be cleaned.

Previously, waterproof walls were not made in the cesspool, which means that when it was filled, they simply buried it and dug a new hole in another place.

It should be borne in mind that it is possible to install a sewage system in a private house using a cesspool only when the volume of wastewater per day does not exceed 1 m 3. This is the only way soil microorganisms feeding on organic matter can manage to process water, which will penetrate into the soil through the bottom of the pit. In this case, if this rate is exceeded by the volume of wastewater, the water will not receive the necessary treatment, which will provoke groundwater pollution. If this happens, then all water sources within a radius of 50 meters will be contaminated.

If you add microorganisms to the sump, it will reduce the unpleasant odor coming from it, and the cleaning process will be significantly accelerated. But be that as it may, you should not risk it.

Therefore, it is necessary to build a cesspool without a bottom only when the family does not live in a private house all the time, but happens only several times a week, without consuming a lot of water. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that the groundwater must lie 1 m below the bottom of the pit, otherwise you will not be able to exclude contamination of the soil and water sources. The cesspool has a low price, but be that as it may, today it is not very popular in modern cottages and country houses.

Sealed container, presented in the form storage tank

In this case, next to the house, you need to install a special sealed container, where sewage will drain from the house through pipes. You can buy a ready-made container, which will be made of plastic, metal or some other material. However, if necessary, you can make it from concrete rings with your own hands. The lid is most often made of metal, and the bottom is made of concrete. The main condition for the construction of such a sewage system is complete tightness. For this type of sewerage, you can use corrugated pipes pragma.

This container must be cleaned. As soon as it is completely full, you will have to call a sewage truck, which will not cost very much. The frequency of emptying the container directly depends on the volume of waste water and the size of the container. For example, if there are 4 people living in the house who use the toilet, washing machine, bath and shower, the volume of the storage tank must be at least 8 m 3, and it must be cleaned every 10-14 days.

Therefore, if there is a high occurrence of groundwater on your site, then it makes sense to use a sealed cesspool to equip the sewerage system at home. Thus, you can protect the soil and water sources from possible contamination.

But the main disadvantage of this system is that you will need to call the sewer truck quite often. So think in advance about the place where the pit will be located in order to provide a convenient access to it. The bottom of the pit or container is not deeper than 3 meters from the soil surface, otherwise the hose will not be able to reach the bottom.

It is also important that the lid of the storage tank is properly insulated and the pipeline has good frost protection. The cost of this container directly depends on the volume and material from which it will be made. The cheapest option is to use used Eurocubes, and the most expensive is concrete pouring or brick. Do not forget about the monthly costs for cleaning the container.

Single-chamber septic tank - the simplest option for soil cleaning

It is worth noting that a single-chamber septic tank is not much different from a simple cesspool. Such a structure is a well, where the bottom is covered with an insignificant layer of crushed stone (at least 30 cm), and coarse-grained sand is covered with the same layer on top of it. Otherwise, sewage from the house flows through pipes into a well, where water seeps through gravel, sand and soil, clearing up to 50%. Naturally, sand and gravel greatly increases the quality of water purification, but does not fundamentally solve this problem.

In a private house, it is not recommended to build sewerage systems using a single-chamber septic tank if people live in the house permanently or in the case of a large volume of wastewater. You can use this option for temporary residence and a low level of groundwater. In addition, sand and crushed stone should be changed periodically, as they will silt.

Two-chamber septic tank - overflow settling wells

The construction of overflow settling wells and filtering wells is a fairly popular way of installing a sewage system in a private house. Moreover, this option is quite economical and can be installed independently.

Such a sewer system includes two wells: the first has a sealed bottom, and the second does not have one, but is sprinkled with sand and gravel.

Waste water from the house is fed into the first well, in which solid waste and feces sink to the bottom, and oily waste float to the surface. Between these two methods, relatively clarified water is formed. Moreover, the first well is connected to the second with the help of an overflow pipe at about 2/3 of its height, which is under an insignificant slope, allowing water to flow quietly there.

Clarified water enters the second well, which subsequently seeps through the soil, crushed stone and sand, cleaning even better.

The first well is used as a settling tank, and the second is used as a filtering well. The first well is filled with feces from time to time and you will need to call a special sewer truck to clean it. This should be done approximately every 6 months. To reduce unpleasant odors, add microorganisms to the first well that decompose feces.

The two-chamber septic tank described above can be made on your own from concrete, brick or concrete rings, or you can buy a ready-made plastic septic tank from the manufacturer, where additional cleaning will be performed using special microorganisms.

It is recommended to install a sewerage system in a private house on the basis of two overflow wells only when, even during floods, the groundwater level is below 1 meter from the bottom of the second well. If there is sandy or sandy loam soil on the territory of your site, then this will be an excellent option. However, do not forget that after about 5 years, the crushed stone and sand in the second ring will have to be replaced.

Biological or soil treatment - septic tank with filtration field

This type of septic tank is made in the form of one container, which includes several separate containers that are connected by pipes or into two or three sections. As a rule, if you need to install this type of sewer system in a private house, you can buy a ready-made version.

The first tank of a septic tank is used for settling wastewater, as it happens in an ordinary settling well. The partially clarified water then flows into a second container or section, where all organic residues are decomposed by anaerobic bacteria. Then more clarified water goes to filtration fields.

A rather large area under the ground (about 30 m 2) acts as a filtration field. Primary wastewater treatment is carried out there. In this case, the water is purified by about 80%.

If there is sandy or sandy soil on your land plot, then this will be an excellent option, otherwise you will have to build an artificial filtration field from rubble and sand. Once water will pass filtration field, it will be able to collect in pipelines and go to drainage ditches or guide wells. It is forbidden to plant edible trees and vegetables over the filtration field, because in this case you will break a flower bed.

Attention! You can buy drainage wells at a discount in this section of the online store https://www.drenaj-shop.ru/catalogue/drenazhnye-kolodtsy/, if you indicate that you came from our recommendation - the Remontik website.

Over time, the filtration can become silted and it will have to be cleaned, or rather to replace crushed stone and sand. This is a huge amount of work, which can damage your site.

Installation of a sewerage system with a filtration field is suitable only when the groundwater is located at a depth of at least 2.5-3 m.At the same time, you must understand that there must be a distance of at least 30 m from the filtration field to water sources and residential buildings.

Septic tank with biofilter - natural cleaning station

Thanks to the deep cleaning station, it is possible to carry out a full-fledged installation of the sewage system in a private house. And this is despite the high level of groundwater.

This station acts as a capacity, which is divided into 3-4 sections. It is best to buy it from a trusted manufacturer, after checking with the professionals about the required volume and equipment. The cost of this septic tank usually starts at $ 1200, which is not cheap.

The first chamber of this septic tank is used to settle water, and in the second, organic residues are decomposed using anaerobic microorganisms. In the third, the separation of water takes place, and in the fourth, organic matter is decomposed by aerobic bacteria, which require a constant flow of air. To ensure such conditions, a pipe is installed above the chamber. It should rise 50 cm above the ground. A special filter is installed in the pipe leading from the third to the fourth chamber, into which aerobic bacteria are actually added. It turns out a kind of filtration field, but it is more miniature and concentrated.

Due to the small area of water movement and the high concentration of microorganisms, water purification is carried out even more efficiently (up to 90-95%). Such cleaning allows you to use water for watering the garden, washing the car and many other purposes.

From the fourth chamber there is a pipe leading either to the storage tank or to the drainage ditch.

For a private house where people live permanently, a septic tank with a biofilter is an excellent solution. Adding microorganisms to a septic tank is easy - you just need to pour them into the toilet. This cleaning station has no restrictions. Its advantages include the fact that it does not need electricity. The disadvantage is that it needs regular maintenance, since bacteria deprived of wastewater will simply die. If you add new bacteria, they will only work after 2 weeks.

Artificial cleaning stations - septic tank with forced air supply

This is an accelerated cleaning station where natural processes occur artificially. The device of a sewerage system in a country house with an aeration tank is impossible without supplying electricity to the septic tank, which is required for the air pump and connecting the air distributor.

Such a septic tank has 3 separate chambers or containers that are interconnected. Through the sewer pipe, water enters the first chamber, where it settles and solid waste precipitates. Then the partially purified water passes into the second chamber, which acts as an aeration tank, where activated sludge, consisting of microorganisms and plants, is mixed with water. All microorganisms and bacteria of activated sludge are aerobic, therefore forced aeration is extremely important for their life.

Then the water is mixed with sludge, goes into the third chamber, which is a deep purification sump. Then, using a special pump, the sludge is pumped back into the aeration tank.

Forced air supply provides fast wastewater treatment, and the water after cleaning can be used for various technical needs (washing a car, watering a vegetable garden, etc.).

Of course, the aeration tank will cost you quite a lot (from $ 3,700), but at the same time it is very useful. When installing sewers of this type, there are no restrictions. Among the number of disadvantages, it is worth noting only the need for electricity, constant maintenance so that bacteria do not die.

If your site has a high level of groundwater, then drawing a conclusion from everything written above, you can opt for several options:

septic tank with biofilter;

A few general rules for sewage in a private house

There are certain restrictions on the placement of the sewerage system.

Residential building location:

50 m from aeration treatment plants;
300 m from the drain wells and the station;
25 m from the filtering field;
8 m from the filtering well.

Septic tank location:

not less than 20-50 m from any water sources (well, well, reservoir);
not less than 10 m from the garden.

Before proceeding with the installation of the sewage system in a private house, you must make its project. It is not worth working without it, since the sewage system acts as such a system in which approximation is unacceptable. It is better to contact a design office or architects who will help create a high-quality project taking into account the climate, operating conditions, soil and site. It is good if you do a sewerage project together with a house project before construction.

All work on the installation of the sewer system is not difficult. You only need to properly dilute the pipes around the house, connect them to the collector and bring them to the septic tank. For earthwork, you need to hire an excavator, although you can do it yourself. The main thing is the development of the project and right choice sewerage systems.

If earlier the toilet on the street was considered commonplace for a suburban area, now even in summer cottages where they come to rest on weekends, homeowners strive to create comfortable conditions. And a lot depends on whether the sewerage system was chosen, designed and installed correctly. What treatment plant to choose, how to make a septic tank on your own, when is it better to install one VOC on several houses, how to carry out the sewage system, which pipes to use and how to properly lay in the house and on the site - we are discussing these and other issues on organizing sewage systems outside the city in the topic of this week ...

Articles:

A rare suburban village or partnership can boast of the presence of a main water supply and sewerage system, but mostly the owners of suburban real estate have to acquire home comforts on their own. Consider what a septic tank is, existing sanitary standards, system selection parameters and the most popular types of septic tanks.

Uninterruptible power supply systems, noise-absorbing plastic sewer pipes, pumping units that sewage for a private house needs, wastewater treatment plants and drainage solution - everything you need for your treatment system.

What are the advantages of integrated treatment systems, in which situations collective treatment facilities are more suitable. Methods for organizing and connecting the sewage system outside the city. How to sew a sewer with your own hands.

How to choose a treatment system that is best suited for a large country house and a small country house how much it will cost, how a septic tank differs from a sealed and absorbing cesspool - specialists come to the rescue.

Why do you need a fan pipe, what it should be, what diameter will be enough, where it is better to conduct it. We sort things out with FORUMHOUSE users.

Although the modern market offers many ready-to-use wastewater treatment systems, users of our portal prefer to roll up their sleeves and make a septic tank on their own. How long does it serve, what should be the size of such a well, what to make the bottom of, how long the wastewater is processed in the sump - we are talking about the experience of the participants of our portal.

Video:

Implementation of a septic tank system. Personal experience . The hero of this video is sure: the main thing in a septic tank is the presence of oxygen for the normal functioning of bacteria. He will tell you in detail and show how his sewage system was made for the house with his own hands, and also share the problems that arose several years after the system began operating.

Pipes for outdoor and indoor sewerage. Recommendations of specialists. Successful sewerage at home with your own hands is impossible without serious plumbing training. How do the pipes of internal and external sewerage differ from each other, what features they have, how they are made - we deal with a technical specialist.

Autonomous sewerage. Features of choice. Thinking about drainage on the site, you should carefully study the market and take a closer look at modern treatment facilities. Autonomous sewerage- the most, perhaps, the most popular option, but in order to successfully carry out it on the site, it is important to choose the right installation.

A house made of gas blocks and the collective mind of members of the forum. Water supply and electrics. In the review of the guest house, built with the participation of several specialists with FORUMHOUSE, we will discuss how to arrange domestic water supply and electricity.

House from the picture. Communication. Each developer has its own history of communications. Someone has to start from scratch, someone has to redo, and someone is lucky. The hero of the plot, Alexey, belongs to the latter. In the village near Moscow, where they bought the land, there was electricity, local water supply, and even gas. And still, even this happy accident was not without difficulties and alterations. Some things, video surveillance, special "smart" watering from hoses with holes and multi-room, this amazing man did himself - based on the principle of reasonable spending and to be sure of reliability. A generally sad story happened with the septic tank. For more information on engineering systems, see the plot.

Outbuilding with wood log, outdoor shower and ecological toilet. In order not to waste the area of the site on various buildings, Andrei Bugaev decided to arrange a summer shower, a firewood and a toilet in the same room. And in order not to clog the ground and the well with sewage from the toilet, he made the structure environmentally friendly.

Topics on the forum:

Do you need ventilation in a private house; if the bathroom is only on the ground floor, will one water seal be enough or two will be required; how to properly organize the sewage system so that there is no smell, what materials will be required - portal users discuss in the topic. Lots of photos.

How to arrange a sewage system in a house so that it suits neighbors and legislation. How to choose a place, at a distance of how many meters from the house and from neighbors to correctly place the sewage system in accordance with the standards, as well as controversial issues arising during the design and installation of the sewage system.

Type selection treatment facilities Depends on the soil, the level of groundwater, the mode of residence (permanently or intermittently), the availability of electricity, the volume of water consumption, and the budget. How to choose which installation to run - FORUMHOUSE members share tips. Here you can see how it should look like correct sewerage in a private house, the photos give a visual representation.

How to properly lay pipes - in a trench made of brick or on sand, how should the exit to the toilet be arranged, how to make a riser, where to lead insulated pipes - inside the washing room or under it - in this topic, users discuss pressing issues. Useful photos will help you understand the structure of the processes.

Clogging of pipes is one of the troubles that can happen if they are not laid correctly. How and at what angle to put sewer pipe, so that nothing gets stuck, what else needs to be done for this - there are many useful information, diagrams and photos.

Some homeowners believe that nothing else needs to be poured into the septic tank - "everything will be fine by itself." Others are sure that with a non-permanent residence, such an approach can lead to the formation of a stone. We figure out how to do it right.

Vladimir43 presented to the attention of the readers a new drainage system based on a conventional septic tank with a wide mouth, which is supplemented by a composting module consisting of a composting (storage) tank and a grease trap. Topikstarter talks about the benefits of the system, and you can also learn about how the tests are carried out.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

When arranging a country house, many communications are often installed by hand. There is nothing surprising in this: the process itself is quite simple, and the execution of work does not require special skills... Of course, there are certain rules that must be followed: for example, it is worth carefully designing the structure and making sure that one communication line does not interfere with the other. How to install a sewage system in a private house, and will be discussed in this article.

If we talk about sewage, then the first thing you need to know is this system consists of internal and external parts, and the arrangement of each of them is carried out in its own way. The external sewerage system is installed somewhat easier, since the work is carried out in an open space. From the inside, everything is a little more complicated, so the installation of a sewage system in a private house with your own hands begins with it.

Installation of internal sewerage in a private house

The first stage in the arrangement of the structure is planning. You need to know exactly how much plumbing will be installed and where it will be installed. When performing work, be sure to have a pre-drawn up project on hand. You can immediately deduce one rule: when installing a riser, it must be placed as close as possible to the wall under which the sewer outlet is equipped. Naturally, this wall should be located on the side where the sewer well is located, which, in turn, is arranged as low as possible so that it would be easier for the drains to move there on their own (read also: "").

The riser is usually made of 110 mm plastic pipe. All branch pipes are connected to the riser, through which drains are collected from plumbing devices. To connect the toilet to the system, straight sections made of 100 mm pipes are used, while other devices can be connected through various fittings using pipes with a diameter of 32 to 80 mm.

Do-it-yourself sewer installation in a private house is usually performed parallel to the water supply line. Such installation is especially convenient when communications will be installed in the walls. To do this, it is necessary to prepare grooves for laying pipes. There is one caveat here: plumbing system works under some pressure, so the slope of the pipes is not a necessary condition.

The sewer system requires a slope, otherwise it simply will not work: the structure functions on a gravity basis, therefore, the slope must be observed in all its sections, regardless of the length of the pipelines or the location of the devices. According to regulatory documents, the average slope should be within 2-3 cm per 1 meter of the pipeline. When creating a slope, you need to carefully monitor the observance of this value, otherwise the system will very soon begin to create problems.

To connect plastic pipes, it is necessary to use fittings of the same material: such a connection will provide the structure with sufficient strength and tightness. At hidden gasket sewage system, it is necessary not only to lay pipes in the prepared grooves, but also to fix them with clamps for reliability. The strobes themselves are subsequently masked with a special solution.

Do-it-yourself outdoor sewerage installation

The elements of the external sewerage system include all parts that are equipped outside the building.

Installing a sewage system in a private house requires attention, especially in such moments:

The design should have a minimum of bends and turns, so the entire line should be made as straight as possible.
If plastic pipes were used in the house, then the external sewage system should also be made of this material.

The installation of an external sewage system also has some features that you will have to face:

Large volume of earthworks... It is necessary to lay the external sewage system, taking into account the level of soil freezing: the pipes must be below this level so that negative temperatures do not provoke stagnation or rupture of the system.
Creation of a sewer well... Before creating a sewage system in a private house, you will need to accurately calculate the number of drains, which is primarily affected by the number of residents. The large estimated volume of waste indicates the need to create a large reservoir, so the depth of its arrangement should be large enough.
System type selection... The quality of collection and disposal of wastewater, as well as the ease of operation of the sewer system will be directly affected by its type. Each design has its own nuances: for example, an ordinary cesspool has an extremely low efficiency, but it is very cheap, but a powerful biological treatment plant will be expensive, but its performance will be at the highest level. Read also: "".

In any case, the external sewage system makes special requirements for its arrangement, and they must be taken into account in order for the structure to be as efficient as possible.

Excavation works

Excavation work is one of the first stages of the sewerage arrangement. These works can be performed both independently and with the involvement of additional forces (teams of workers or special equipment). Naturally, before work, it is necessary to mark the area along which the trench will pass.

In addition, it is important to pay attention to the slope of the trench bottom: when using equipment, the required value will not be achieved, so everything will have to be leveled independently. In any case, after preparing the trench, its bottom must be covered with a small layer of sand.

Arrangement of a sewer well

This design can be made from different materials:

brickwork;
metal tank;
reinforced concrete rings;
plastic septic tank.

Each system has its own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages.

It is worth saying a few words about each of them:

Devices made of bricks or blocks are pretty good elements of the sewer system, but their arrangement takes a long time. With a little experience of doing construction works it can take several days to build a brick well.
Metal construction compares favorably with brick ease of installation and lower cost, but the service life of the device in this case will be much less: the metal is easily corroded, and very soon the device will become faulty.
Reinforced concrete wells are quite common structures, since strength, reliability and durability can be distinguished among their advantages. The disadvantage of a well made of reinforced concrete rings is a complex installation: ready-made rings have considerable weight, so it is almost impossible to install them with your own hands.
Plastic septic tanks can also be attributed to reliable and high-quality structures: they are durable and much lighter than reinforced concrete counterparts, so they can be installed with the efforts of 2-3 people. True, the cost of the structure is somewhat higher than the cost of previous devices, but the funds spent will pay off in the very near future. In addition, if we take into account the labor costs for the arrangement, for example, of concrete wells, then the price will practically be equal. Read also: "".

How to install sewer pipes

Installation of the pipeline usually starts from home - it is easier to monitor compliance with the slope of the structure. When laying pipes, it is necessary to connect with couplings. When connecting several drainage systems into one, it is necessary to use tees or other appropriate fittings.

The last stage of laying the pipeline is connecting the pipeline to sewer well... For this, couplings are also used that connect all pipes of the external sewage system with each other and with internal sewerage... When the pipes are mounted and installed in their places, the trench is covered with earth, and this is where the work is completed.

The subtleties of the arrangement of the sewage system

There are some nuances that you have to face when installing a sewage system:

Too deep level of soil freezing... With this phenomenon, the pipes must be laid too deeply, and the volume of work will increase greatly. This phenomenon can be avoided with the help of thermal insulation.

It can be done in two ways:

using thermal insulation materials that perform well this work;
with help electric heating, realized by means of a cable stretched along the entire sewer main.

The need to maintain a slope... It is imperative to observe the slope, and its value must be within the specified limits. The reason for this is as follows: a too weak slope will not allow waste to move through the system, and the system will soon clog up, and if the slope exceeds the standard, the water will move too quickly and will not be able to wash the pipes from the inside, which also leads to blockages.

Choice of design... The selection of a sewer system is an individual question, and there is no universal answer to it. To make the choice of sewerage more understandable, it is worth reading an article about the types of sewerage systems.

Conclusion

Sewerage installation in a private house can be done with your own hands - even inexperienced craftsmen will not have any special problems. And if you stock up on some knowledge and carefully prepare for work, then the structure will turn out to be reliable and will be able to function for a very long time and efficiently.

Did you like the article? Share it

Print article