DIY staircase with swivel steps. How to build a staircase to the second floor with winders

Winder steps are one of the components of some types of stairs. Thanks to them, it is possible to create not only a certain visual effect, but also completely change the standard design. Let's look at what the essence of such details is and how to make them yourself.

What it is

A run-in step is a staircase element that is used on turning sections. In order for an ordinary ordinary element to turn into a run-in element, you need to change the width of the tread along the entire length of the step. Thus, this parameter will be smaller from the inner edge of the stairs, and larger from the outer edge. The optimal step size should be observed along the center line of the stairs.

The advantages of this design:

  • visually, it looks original and aesthetically pleasing;
  • allows you to make a smooth turn on the stairs;
  • allows you to diversify the design of the march;
  • can be made from any material.

Zabeznye steps allow you to make climbing the stairs smoother

Disadvantages of winder step models:

  • a decrease in the indicator of design convenience;
  • the risk of stumbling increases when moving up the stairs;
  • difficulties in performing design;
  • exact adjustment of the step dimensions is required during installation.

Nevertheless, if you have certain knowledge and basic skills, you can make them yourself.

Scope of use

It is quite a natural question that arises when considering the design of the winder - where are such elements used? Several areas can be distinguished here:

  • Turning marches... Thanks to these elements, it is possible to perform a smooth turn on the march. This can be an arbitrary angle, but most often it is assumed to change the direction of movement by 90 or 180 degrees. In addition, intermediate platforms can be used. The design can be L-shaped, L-shaped or U-shaped. You can also split the staircase into 3 straight sections and perform a 180-degree turn in two steps.
  • Spiral staircases... Most structures of such a plan consist precisely of winder steps. Their size and position can be adjusted depending on the level of rotation.

Types of stairs that use run-up steps

You can place several winder options for steps and on a regular straight run. In this case, they are fixed at the bottom, that is, at the very beginning of the stairs. Thus, it is possible to make the entry to the structure more convenient.

Another question is how to make such an element for a wooden, metal or concrete staircase with your own hands. Let's consider this issue in more detail.

Wooden

Perhaps you should start with wooden models. In this case, the winders for the turning wooden stairs are made of the same material as the privates. The nuances relate mainly to the design phase and cutting of parts.

The most popular material for making a staircase with run-in steps is wood.

In order to make a wooden run-in step with your own hands, you will need a board of a suitable size. To calculate the dimensions of parts, these formulas and graphic diagrams are combined with each other. A part of the corresponding parameters is cut out of the board.

Scheme for the manufacture of a wooden staircase with winder steps

For fastening wooden steps of a similar configuration, two methods are mainly used:

  1. Beam... A vertical element acts as a support. Usually this is a beam with a cross section of 100-150 mm. In order to fix the step on it, the cutting method is used. A recess is cut out in the beam, into which the smaller edge of the winder step is subsequently inserted.
  2. Kosoura... Here, the installation process is a little more complicated. In order for the ladder to have a normal appearance, you need to cut out kosoura with suitable teeth from the boards. On the inside, they will be smaller in size and, accordingly, larger on the outside. After installing the stringers, wooden steps are laid on them in accordance with the grooves made.

It is also possible to combine these two methods: a beam is installed on the inner (narrow) side of the steps, and a stringer is installed on the outer (wide) side. Additionally, the distance between the treads is covered with risers.

Stages of installation of run-in steps of a wooden staircase with fastening on a beam and stringer

Metallic

In order to make do-it-yourself run-in steps from metal, you can use profiles and sheet metal. First, let's look at the principle of creating a form. The first option is a frame. In this case, it is enough to cut sections of the required length from the corner or U-shaped profiles and weld them together according to the shape of the future element. If you are planning the arrangement of street or forged interior marches, then the steps themselves can also be made of metal. For this, it is recommended to use perforated steel or elements with a relief surface.

The second option for making do-it-yourself winder models of steps is the use of fillies and bowstrings. Channels or pipes can serve as a bowstring, their number can vary from 1 to 3, depending on the project of the march and its dimensions. To fasten the steps, the presence of fillies is equipped, which will raise the treads above the supports. Additionally, for greater stability, metal plates can be welded or bolted to them, on which the casing will be attached in the future. Usually it is wood or MDF.

Options for the manufacture of winder steps from metal

Concrete

Now let's look at how to make a staircase with winders from concrete mortar... In this case, formwork is required, which will allow you to accurately reproduce the shape of the future structure. To create the formwork are used plywood sheets and wooden shields. Walls are attached from this material to prevent concrete spreading. In order for a self-constructed concrete staircase to be strong enough, a reinforcing mesh is laid in it. It should follow the shape of the platforms, privates and winders.

The main stages of manufacturing a staircase with winders made of concrete

Concrete is mixed from cement, sand, crushed stone and plasticizers with the addition of water. Filling is done from bottom to top. To completely fill the shape of the winder, the mortar must be cut with a trowel and vibrated. Then the surface is leveled with a rule and covered with a film until dry.

Please note: the height of the winder steps in each case must be the same and match the parameters of the ordinary parts.

Each option is quite realistic to implement. To do this, you need to additionally familiarize yourself with the rules for calculating the project of a staircase with rotary steps. Otherwise, you can look for already finished project or order it from specialists.

Special staircase steps located in a circle are usually called "oblique" or run-in. Due to their rather unusual shape, these elements can be used to rotate structures in different sections of the flights. Basically, craftsmen install them at the bottom, in the middle, and also at the top. Although, most often, run-in steps are used specifically for wooden stairs with a 90-degree turn.

What are the standard "oblique" steps?

Considering the features of the installation of winders, it can be understood that one of their ends, located on the inside, is narrower than the other, outside. The steps of such a plan successfully replace the more cumbersome intermediate platforms. But when using them for turning stairs, you need to remember some important nuances:


After watching various specialized videos, it becomes clear that the above steps are best used where there is a shortage of free space for future staircase structures. In addition, these elements allow you to visually expand the existing premises.


Important points to consider when making stairs with runners

In addition to obvious advantages, "oblique" steps have a couple of significant disadvantages. For example, the narrow edge of these elements sometimes causes psychological discomfort in people climbing ready-made stairs. It seems to them that there is practically nowhere to put their feet. And in general, it is quite difficult to manufacture rotary structures. This is especially true for the production of basic calculations.


In order to get rid of the alleged troubles that can be caused by the stair steps used for wooden stairs, it is imperative to consider the following points:

  • the depth of the outer edge of the "oblique" elements must be at most 400 mm, and the inner edge must be at least 100 mm;
  • the height of the steps must vary from 120 to 220 mm;
  • the existing protrusion of the edge of the tread cannot exceed the mark of 40 mm.

Having studied in detail the features of the installation of rotary structures, you can find out that the middle of each winder, created by yourself, must be at least 200 mm, this is really important. In addition, when calculating staircase structures, it is recommended to use certain formulas.

If we are talking about L-shaped products, then the level of their comfort is calculated as follows: a - b = 120 mm. Here "a" is the depth of the indicated steps, and "b" is optimal height riser. There is also a special formula for determining the maximum safety of these structures: a + b = 460 mm.


However, if the craftsmen plan to install U-shaped staircases, they need to remember that all space between flights should be equal to the fourth part of the width of the "oblique" elements. Otherwise, the inner edges of the finished winders, the photos of which are in the article, will turn out to be extremely narrow.


Creating a simple L-shaped product: preparing basic tools and materials

From the videos posted on the vastness of the network, you can find out that dark oak wood is ideal for the manufacture of L-shaped stairs with "oblique" steps. But it is very expensive. Therefore, many experienced specialists give their preference to maple. This material looks really attractive, and its price is quite reasonable.


In addition to wood, craftsmen involved in creating a structure with a 90-degree turn will need to prepare in advance:


Useful additional information about the future construction

In order to clearly understand how to make high-quality running steps for wooden stairs, it is necessary to consider in detail the sequence of creating an L-shaped product with a width of 93 cm.The length of the opening of such a structure is exactly 2.29 m, and the height of its overlap is 2.68 m.


The staircase includes a couple of flights. The first one consists of eight steps, the last of which exactly coincides with the existing platform of the upper floor of the building, and the second one is made of only two elements. As for the "oblique" steps, there are exactly three of them. The angle of rotation of these parts does not exceed 30 degrees.

For this product, the craftsmen will have to make two kosour with their own hands. Their dimensions should be 5x30x300 cm.One part will be securely attached to the nearest wall, and the other will rest on a pillar with dimensions of 10x10x250 cm.The steps of the structure must have dimensions of 90x30x4 cm.But the turntable used for the construction of winders must already have dimensions 90x90x4 cm.


Key features of the installation of the structure

The whole process of making an L-shaped staircase, the photo of which is striking in its beauty, is usually divided into several stages:

  • First, the masters make a template that resembles right triangle attaching it to the guide rail.
  • Then they mark the stringers and cut out these parts.
  • The third stage is the installation of the support post.
  • Further it is allowed to mount the base for the "oblique" steps.
  • After that, experts attach the stringers using metal corners.
  • Then they cut out the runners, adjusting them in length.
  • At the end, the steps are varnished and finally fixed with long screws.

The lower flight of stairs is made on a bowstring, the edge of which is cut at an angle of 90 degrees (to the floor). Then the craftsmen install the balusters and handrails. The last specified parts are fixed by self-tapping screws with countersunk heads. Well, this video will allow you to get acquainted with the manufacture of winding stair steps in more detail.

Aesthetically attractive staircases at reasonable prices

It is quite possible to independently create durable run-in steps for wooden stairs. But for those people who want to save time, effort and cash, it will be much more profitable to contact our experienced specialists. With their help, customers can easily purchase ready-made structures in Moscow at the lowest prices.

For example, the reversible product "Prestige" has a unique, incredibly stylish design... And it costs only 47 160 rubles.


The same can be said about the modern Evoles Buk staircase. This design will complement any interior favorably. And its current price is 65,000 rubles.


The "Modern" reversible product is created from the most exclusive materials. It is distinguished by the highest quality, elegance and increased reliability. The cost of such a ladder is quite acceptable - 125,262 rubles.

In order to reduce the size of the staircase and to save space, it is recommended to equip the staircases. We will consider further the types and recommendations for arranging winding stairs.

Winder staircase: features and benefits

The winder staircase has the form of circular steps located in a continuous direction. In this case, one end of the ladder has a much smaller width than the other. These steps replace the entryway.

There are two types of winders:

  • rotary staircase with winder steps;
  • with the presence of a turn at an angle of 180 degrees, u-shaped.

Among the advantages of installing a winder-type staircase, it should be noted:

  • reduction of the area required for the construction of a staircase, this staircase is very compact and does not take up much space;
  • due to the first advantage, a room with such a staircase visually seems larger;
  • attractiveness of appearance is another advantage of the running staircase.

Winder stairs photo:

The disadvantages of winder stairs include:

  • the presence of psychological discomfort arising in the process of climbing narrow steps;
  • difficulty in making calculations due to complex design;
  • the comfort of staying on such a staircase is lower than on a staircase with a platform;
  • if the ladder is not designed correctly, there is a risk of falling and injury, especially for small children.

Ladder calculation: process technology

In order to avoid the occurrence of troubles during the operation of the winder staircase, the issue of calculations and its design should be treated with special care. When carrying out this process, consider the following nuances:

1. The depth value of the outer edge of the steps must not exceed forty centimeters, and the inner one must not exceed ten.

2. The average depth of each step is 20 cm.

3. The height of the steps varies from 12 to 22 cm.

4. The value of the maximum projection of the end part of the tread is 4 cm.

The calculation of the L-shaped staircase requires compliance with the following formulas:

  • to increase the comfort of its operation (c) the depth of the steps minus (d) their height should be 12 cm;
  • to ensure maximum safety c + d = 46 cm;
  • in order to calculate the optimal step, you need 2d + c = 62 cm.

In the process of constructing a staircase in the form of the letter p, the value of the inter-flight interval should not be less value a quarter of the width of the step. If this is not adhered to, then the steps in the stairs will be very narrow, and the risk of injury will increase several times. The interval between the landing of the flight of stairs and the overlap should not exceed two meters.

Leading stairs drawings:

1. Mark the center section of the bend. It should match the radius of the inside of the staircase.

2. Set the required number of winder steps, their size depends on the comfort of the ladder.

3. In the center between the first and last winder steps, draw a line connecting them (S-E). In addition, the same line should be drawn perpendicular to C-D, designate it A-B. This line should divide the staircase into two equal parts vertically.

4. The middle part of the march is designated A-C. It shows the line of movement along the stairs.

5. From this line, an area equal to 0.5 of the width of a standard step should be set aside. At this point, the first point K is set.

6. From point K draw a segment, the length of which is equal to the width of the step. At this point, point P. is set. Thus, you should mark as many points as there will be winder steps on the stairs.

7. Through point K and A, draw a line that intersects with straight S-D... Draw another line at the intersection of all other points denoting the steps of the winder type with the straight line S-D.

8. Connect all the points indicating the steps with those obtained in the previous connection. You will get steps for a U-shaped winder staircase.

9. Thus, it is necessary to calculate the second half of the running ladder. In the absence of skills in working with drawings and design, it is better to entrust this business to professionals, since the safety of people using the stairs in the future depends on the correct calculation.

Instructions for calculating the construction of a winder staircase in the form of the letter G:

There are two ways to unfold the ladder:

  • dividing the corner step in half;
  • joining of two steps located in the corner of the stairs.

When choosing the second option, you need to designate line S-D as in the calculation of the previous version of the ladder. On the surface of the curved segment, it is necessary to designate point B, which is equal to the width of the standard type step.

Determine the number of swing type steps. To calculate them, you need to draw a line indicating the completion of the last step, and from it to the original straight line segments are drawn, which will allow you to draw a project of a U-shaped staircase.

Diy winder staircase: tools and stages of work

We suggest that you familiarize yourself with the option of manufacturing universal wooden winders. Before proceeding directly to the process of constructing the stairs, it is necessary to prepare the material and tools for work.

The first thing you need to buy is a good quality tree, since the service life of such a ladder depends on it. Most the best option- the use of dark oak, although its cost is too high. Therefore, it is also possible to use maple, in terms of quality characteristics it is slightly inferior to oak, but it will be possible to save on the price.

To count the required amount tree, it is enough to know the height of the structure. The approximate consumption of wood per meter of stairs is 1 m³.

In addition, in the process of work, you will need:

  • jigsaw;
  • drills;
  • fasteners;
  • screwdriver;
  • hammer;
  • roulette;
  • pencil.

We suggest that you familiarize yourself with the manufacture of an L-shaped staircase with an opening length of 2.3 m, a width of 95 cm and a ceiling height of 2.6.

To build a swivel staircase, you will need two stringers, 50x300x3000 mm in size. The first is fixed on the wall, and the second is abutted on the pillar section, the size of which is 900x300x40 mm.

In addition, you will need steps, measuring 900x300x40 and a turntable, which will serve as a place for making balusters.

There are several sequential steps in creating a winder-type staircase:

  • construction of two parts in the form of stringers;
  • winder steps and their construction;
  • the procedure for assembling the staircase structure;
  • installation of handrails.

We propose to go to detailed description each stage:

1. To make strings, first of all prepare a template that looks like a right-angled triangle. The size of his legs is equal to the value of the height and depth of the step. For ease of use of the template, fix it on the guide rail. Use it to mark up for making a stringer, and then cut it out with any carpentry tool with suitable functions. Please note that the thinnest part must be at least 15 cm.

Install the support post, having previously built a groove section in it for installing the stringer.

In the corner, install the base for expanding the kosour and the location of the steps. The fastening of the upper part of the stringer is carried out using a metal corner.

When installing the stringers, keep track of their location, each part should be opposite one another, this will improve the horizontal position of the stairs. In this case, the main reference point will not be the floor, but the building level.

2. The second stage involves cutting out steps of the winder type. To rotate the staircase at right angles, you need to cut three steps. To cut them out, you need a 900x900x40 mm board. Divide the board into three sections using lines starting from one corner. After cutting out the steps, adjust them to length. Apply varnish to the finished steps, it is advisable to do this three times, after waiting for each of the layers to dry completely.

3. The third stage involves the assembly of a staircase with winders. To install the turning steps into the post, first cut a groove in it. Please note that the width of the groove should be slightly less than the width of the boards. This will help to securely fix the step inside the staircase. For laying the steps on the main part, complement them with pieces of wood. Inner side install the run-in step into the prepared cut and coat them with PVA glue. Attach the outer section to the base using self-tapping screws. Use long self-tapping screws to fix ordinary steps. To hide the bulging corner on the turning steps, build a bowstring for installing a flight of stairs. Cut the end of the string at a right angle.

4. The construction of the staircase is completed by the installation of handrails. The first step is to install the balusters. They are fixed to the wall with self-tapping screws, although using dowels it will be possible to increase the reliability of the structure. Make a hole on the surface of the wall and baluster, its diameter should be a few millimeters less than the circumference of the dowel. Fill the hole with PVA glue and install the dowel. Pay attention to the accuracy of drilling the holes, as the correct position and evenness of the railing depends on this. From the first to the last pillar, stretch the cord, use it to mark the place and angle of the railing, now cut off the upper parts of the handrails and install the handrails. To fix the handrails, use self-tapping screws with a countersunk head.

DIY concrete staircase with winder steps

The procedure for calculating a winder staircase made of concrete is similar to a wooden one, but the manufacturing features have a slightly different technology.

After determining the number of winder steps, you should proceed with the arrangement of the formwork. To do this, it is necessary to expose a structure of temporary stringers, which will help to distribute the load from the action of concrete. For these purposes, you will need to purchase a bar with a section of 5x15 cm.If the building has several floors, it is recommended to use a stationary stringer made of steel, but in two-story house he will do appearance stairs weighted.

For the manufacture of the lower part of the formwork, use moisture-resistant plywood, its thickness should be at least two centimeters. Please note that the surface of the plywood must be smooth, as this factor affects the quality of the bottom of the steps. If possible, purchase plywood with a laminated layer.

To reinforce the formwork, use supporting struts that allow you to change the height in relation to the previously calculated calculations. In the absence of special racks, it is possible to use the same timber as for the manufacture of stringers.

This stage involves the laying of reinforcement, which will help form the frame of the steps. Use a reinforcement of a periodic profile with a diameter of 1.2 cm, a section of 15x20 cm. For knitting the reinforcement, a knitting wire and a special hook are used. It is allowed to use spot welding, if the cross-section of the reinforcement remains unchanged.

Place the stair frame on the bottom layer of the staircase. It is in this part of the staircase that it bends and stretches. Due to the presence of the reinforcement cage, the main load on the ladder is perceived, the formation of cracks on its surface is prevented and strength is given to it. Place the reinforcement so that the bottom of the staircase is two centimeters concrete without reinforcement.

Now proceed with the assembly of the formwork. The details of the vertical direction of the end part are attached to each other using self-tapping screws and metal corners with reinforcement. To increase the rigidity of the formwork to the perception of the gravity of the concrete mass, it will be necessary to provide additional reinforcement of the vertical elements. The usual procedure will help to carry out this procedure. wooden plank... Before starting concrete placement, the formwork should be carefully inspected for irregularities and defects. Do not allow any differences in the height of the steps. After making the reinforcement cage and formwork, start pouring the staircase with concrete.

To prepare concrete mix you will need:

  • one part of M400 Portland cement;
  • two pieces of sand;
  • three pieces of crushed stone;
  • 0.6 parts of water;
  • plasticizer, in the amount specified by the manufacturer.

Please note that when manually mixing a concrete solution, its strength decreases by twenty percent, therefore, it is better to use a concrete mixer when constructing a running staircase.

  • crushed stone backfill;
  • sand;
  • cement;
  • dry mixing the mixture for about 2 minutes;
  • gradual addition of water and plasticizer;
  • mixing concrete for four minutes.

The process of pouring the stairs must be started from the bottom, first proceed to the formation of the lower steps. Use a vibrator to compact the concrete. It will help get rid of excess air and improve the strength of the structure.

In the process of vibration, concrete is gradually squeezed out of the steps, a trowel will help get rid of excess concrete. With its help, they also form the structure of the steps and level their surface.

To avoid the appearance of cracks on the surface of the stairs, after pouring, it is required to periodically moisten the solution with water or cover with plastic wrap.

The railings are fixed with embedded parts.

In order to reduce the dimensions of the staircase when there is a lack of free space, instead of an inter-stair landing, run-in steps are made, the width along the line of movement of which is equal to the width of the straight steps. These steps are not very convenient, because going down the stairs, their width becomes smaller when approaching the middle and is simply uncomfortable for setting the foot. At the same time, at the other end, the steps become much wider than a human step. In order to reduce the inconvenience, it is worth equipping the rounded walls of the staircase at the turn in order to reduce the size of the steps, and, accordingly, the costs of their construction.

Note! The narrowest staircase should be at least 10 cm.

In order to reduce the listed disadvantages, you need to use two methods:

  1. A winding staircase can be arranged only when the horizontal distance between parallel flights is ¼ of the width of the steps;
  2. To calculate the width of the steps, use one of the proposed methods, which is based on the proportional expansion of the ends of the winder steps due to the width of the straight lines.

Calculation

If we take, for example, a staircase that has two parallel flights and a turn on the winders, taking into account the calculation of the width of the steps that will replace the platform between the floors, the calculations are carried out as follows:

  1. In the center of the march, a line ABC is drawn - the middle line of movement, according to which the width of the steps is applied. In this case, the line should start from the rounded top in such a way that the step located in the middle is exactly half-divided by the vertical line BC. As a result, you get ordinal divisions. How more quantity straight steps, the more comfortable the staircase will turn out, and the transition from straight steps to winding ones will be smoother. Grabbing three straight steps, draw a horizontal line DE, enclosing the highest of them. It is with her that the regulation of the step width begins, connecting the middle A with two lines on the line of movement. After the line is drawn to the intersection of the lines with the line DE and the next segment is obtained, it must be continued from D to E until the next points are found. Connect the obtained points with the corresponding points by the number value, which are marked with the floor of the movement line. The final result of the calculations performed will be a horizontal projection of the shape of the steps of the winders on the left side. Calculate the right side in the same way.
  2. Another calculation method is as follows: moving from point B along the line of movement, measure the width of the steps in accordance with the norms so that the vertically located line of the DV divides the middle step in half along. Based on the number of straight steps (3), get a segment AB from the vertically located line DW and draw an inclined line AC towards it. In this case, the length of the segment can be any and it should be located at an acute angle, with the further application of 7 marks on it, which will correspond to seven steps. One part can be equal from 3-10 mm, depending on the scale of the paper for drawing the diagram.

After connecting point C with point B and drawing lines parallel to BC from each point, similar segments are obtained on the vertical line AB. Next, connect all the dividing points with their corresponding points on the center line of movement and draw them to the surface of the wall that surrounds the cell. Thus, the dimensions and shape of the steps in a horizontal projection will be obtained.

Calculations of winders with two flights are carried out in a similar way.

Note! Ladders that involve radial rotation are much more difficult to manufacture. They require the production of stringers, bowstrings, or the manufacture of additional support elements for steps, which will repeat the radius in the staircase bend. For this reason, turn-in staircases are often made without a radius at the bend, but with a turn at right angles.

The dimensions of a staircase with a right angle turn are calculated graphically in a proportional way. This option, the most popular in the independent manufacture of winder steps, so their calculation should be considered in more detail.

Video

Useful video about calculating the number and height of steps of any stairs:

Staircase with two flights with a turn at right angles

When making a graphical calculation, it is worth making an allowance for their inaccurate result. In this case, it is allowed to change the dimensions during drawing, but on the condition that the steps remain unchanged in width and the movement line will not be affected. Certain steps can be changed in size at the ends in the direction of increasing or decreasing, while leaving the same width of the step in the center.

Removing the dimensions from the completed drawing, correlate the dimensions of all the steps using addition. The total amount, on the one hand, must match the size of the steps in the specified area.

These are all key points for self-made winder stairs. Please note that without certain skills, you are unlikely to be able to do this job.

Video

This video describes the installation of a staircase with rotary steps:

To save space in the room or in case of an acute shortage of such, staircases are equipped as a communication between floors. In such constructions outside the tread is always larger than the inner one, which makes it possible to increase the area of ​​support for the human foot. Below we will talk about the properties, places of application and calculations of such structures, and also watch the video in this article on this topic.


As we have already said, a do-it-yourself run-in staircase is mounted in case of a lack of space and its slope is steeper than that of a conventional one. Such modified steps are made to increase the foot support area and to provide a feeling of safety, the foot must fit on it by at least 70%. This means that the width of the tread will start from 25 cm or more (find out here how to make run-in steps for wooden stairs).

How to calculate cross-run structures when turning 180⁰


  • On steep stair descents, which can be called slopes of 40⁰ and more, as well as in order not to make a platform between marches when turning, they use winder steps. This ensures not only comfort, but also safety, especially on the descent, when the foot rests on the heel and there is a high probability of slipping if the support is not wide enough.

  • The lack of tread width is especially felt on screw structures or bends, where the tread narrows towards the center, so its narrowest part should be at least 100 mm, because when descending, this will be the maximum area for the foot. But the overhang of the tread should be limited to 50 mm so that when lifting the sock does not cling to the overhanging part. The distance between parallel flights should be at least ¼ of their width, as required by the instructions, so that the treads at the turn are wide enough.

  • Pay attention to the schematic drawing above and you will see two options for parallel flights, where the landing is replaced by the winders. On variant "a" the middle line of movement ABC is drawn, where the width of the treads is marked (note that the line BC divides the middle tread exactly in the middle, into two equal parts). So we get divisions 1, 2, 3, 4 and so on, how many steps there will be.

Advice. The more straight steps there are in the calculation, the more convenient the staircase will turn out, and the transition will not be so noticeable.

  • Of the straight steps shown by this diagram of the winder staircase in Figure 11 with a dotted line, three of them are captured - 6, 7, and 8. The DE line in this case, encloses the straight step 8, from which the tread width correction begins, and the center A is connected to divisions 1 and 2 on the line of movement. These lines continue until the intersection with DE, where a segment 1-2 is formed, postponing which from point D to point E, points 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 are formed.
  • These points are connected by straight lines with points that correspond to the numbers marked on the movement line. As a result of the graphic calculation, we have a projection of the shape of the treads for the winders on the left half of the structure. The exact same calculation should be done for the right side.
  • Another drawing of the winder staircase in Figure "b" shows the adjustment of the winder steps in accordance with the accepted standard. From point b along the line of motion, the width is plotted, but this is done in such a way that line DB intersects tread 1 in the middle, dividing it into equal parts. Then, we take the number of straight steps, and in our case it is 6, 7, 8, we get a segment AB and from the vertical line DB draw an oblique AC to it at any angle less than 90⁰, and apply 7 divisions on it.
  • These seven divisions must correspond to seven adjustable steps (scale does not matter). But the size of the divisions should increase by one part each time, that is, starting from point A, the first division will be 2, the second - 3 parts, and so on. For the drawing, you can use any size, where one part will be 5, 10 or 15 mm - everything will depend on the scale of the drawing.
  • Point B is connected to point C and if we draw lines parallel to them from each point, then on the vertical AB we will get the corresponding segments. And now we connect the intersection points with points 2, 3, 4, 5 and so on, and continue them to the wall that surrounds the cell - this is how we get a horizontal projection of the shape of the winders.

How to Calculate Structures When Rotated 90⁰


  • A design such as a winder staircase with a 90-degree turn (see photo above) implies bent stringers, bowstrings or other supports that will repeat a smooth bend, therefore they are most often made without a smooth transition, but at a right (acute, obtuse) angle ... The calculation of such a structure can be performed in a similar way to the upper calculation, using the same graphics (see also the article Calculation of a staircase with winders - how to do it right). The sequence of such works is indicated in the lower drawings.
  • These drawings show the entire sequence of actions, and you can perform all types of work at home. Certain parts of the diagram are explained directly in the figure.
  • Graphic calculations do not give an ideal result, so during the drawing process these dimensions can be changed, but this should not affect the width of the tread along the center line of movement. That is, for some treads, you can change the width of one or the other side without affecting the middle.

Advice. When you transfer dimensions from a drawing to a real object, be sure to add up the entire chain so that it does not exceed the existing parameters of the location marked out in the room.

Calculation of a straight staircase with winder steps


  • In order to calculate the number of steps on the march of a straight staircase, you need to mark three points - A, B and C, where A is the place of the floor of the second floor at the junction with the march, B is the place on the lower level under point A, and C is the lower the end of the march at the level of point B. Thus, we get a triangle ABC, along which we will be guided.
  • In this case, our CB segment is 4m, which means the difference in the horizontal position of the lower and upper points of the march. The AB segment has 2.5 m, which means the difference between the end vertical points of the march location. The ascent turns out to be a little steep, but for this there are cross-country steps.
  • In this case, you can make either 14 or 15 steps, then their height will be 17.8 cm and 16.6 cm, respectively. Both options are suitable, only with an increase in the number of steps, the width of the tread decreases.

  • To calculate the net width of the tread (without overhang), you need to divide the CB value by the expected number of steps, which means 400/15 = 26.6 cm, and 400/14 = 28.5 cm, which, with the addition of an overhang of 3-5 cm, forms a chic tread, quite sufficient for a comfortable descent and ascent.

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