Typical heating scheme for a two-story house. Heating in a two-story house - done without problems with your own hands

For comfortable stay in the private sector, it is necessary to have communications, among which the heating system occupies one of the important places. The optimal one depends on it. temperature regime, the safety of housing and comfort. When designing building plans, specialists include precisely a scheme with forced heating circulation two-story house... This is due to the need to raise the coolant in the system to an additional height.

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Varieties of heating schemes

A detailed heating scheme for a 2-storey private house with forced circulation is a complex of elements consisting of pipelines, a boiler, fittings, temperature sensors and other components. With the right choice and installation, heating costs for housing will be significantly reduced, and residents will be satisfied with a cozy microclimate. Currently the heating system of a two-story house can be performed in different ways:

The owner of the cottage chooses the most acceptable and effective system, which would ensure the maintenance of the desired temperature in the house for a certain period of time, was equipped with a simple, functional and convenient control, made it possible to perform heating according to the "warm floor" type. The optimal heating option is considered when all the devices in the system operate with the help of automation.

Forced heating circuit. Forced circulation heating circuit

The simplest is the scheme of a one-pipe heating system for a two-story house. It is also called "Leningradka". Such a scheme for heating a two-story private house with your own hands can be carried out without much difficulty. Differs in economy, operating on a gas or electric boiler, using brick oven, heated, with wood, coal. Choosing "Leningradka", you can save on funds, since the pipes required for the installation of heating the room will be required 2 times less when compared with a two-pipe system. It is also characterized by such positive aspects:

The single-pipe circuit can be "hidden" under the floor or spread over it. When installed, the pipes can be positioned horizontally and vertically.

However, this can only be used in a one-story building. In a two-story house, the scheme of a one-pipe heating system can only function if there is a circulation pump.

There are also disadvantages:

impossibility of making a "warm floor" with a horizontal contour;
requires welding and the necessary verification of connections;
uneven heat transfer from batteries located in different rooms.

The diagram of a one-pipe system is a pipe with all heating radiators connected to it. The water heated by the boiler is distributed through all the batteries in turn, giving off a certain amount of heat in each. Therefore, the one closest to the boiler will be hot, and the last one will be slightly warm.

2. The main elements of the heating system with forced circulation

Double-line circuit

Truly comfortable conditions can be created by a two-pipe heating system... For manufacturing, a larger number of pipes and other additional materials will be required, but the implementation of efficient and high-quality heating of a private house is much more important.

Outwardly, the contour looks like two pipes - for supply and return, located in parallel. The batteries are connected with branch pipes to both one and the other. Heated water enters each radiator, then cooled water leaves it directly to the return line. Hot and cold coolant go through different pipelines. With this heating scheme, the heating temperature of the radiators is approximately the same.

Passing through pipes and radiators, the water flow follows an "easier" path. If there is a branching, where one section with a greater hydrodynamic resistance than another, then the coolant will enter the second, which is with a lower resistance. Consequently, it will be difficult to immediately predict which area will be hotter and which will be weaker.

To regulate the passage of water through heating installations, it is necessary that a balancing throttle be installed on each of them. With this device, homeowners can control heat flow and adjust heating in a two-circuit system. All radiators must be equipped with special Mayevsky valves to eliminate air. The universal scheme can be supplemented with any heat exchange devices: radiators, underfloor heating, convectors. They will allow you to correctly make heating in a two-story house.

Efficiency two-pipe system can be increased by collector or beam wiring. Such a scheme is called combined. There is a dead-end view of a two-pipe system where the supply and return lines of the circuit end at the last heat exchanger. In fact, the water flow changes its direction of movement, returning to the boiler. The use of a separate passing heating scheme for each floor will facilitate the setting of the circuit and ensure optimal heating of the entire house. But to increase the effect, it is necessary to make a sidebar for each floor.

Heating scheme of a two-story house warm floor + collector heating

Forced way

The use of forced circulation heating schemes in two-story houses is used due to the length of the system lines (more than 30 m). This method is carried out using a circulation pump that pumps the fluid in the circuit. It is installed at the inlet to the heater, where the heating medium temperature is the lowest.

With a closed loop, the degree of pressure that the pump develops does not depend on the number of storeys and area of the building. The speed of the water flow becomes higher, therefore, when passing through the pipeline lines, the coolant does not cool down much. This contributes to a more even distribution of heat throughout the entire system and to a gentle use of the heat generator.

Heating system with a circulation pump, it is practical: in the spring and autumn periods, when there is no frost, it can be used using a low-temperature regime, which cannot be done with the natural circulation of the coolant. Due to the increase in pressure in the circuit against the background of the functioning of the pump, the structure of the expansion tank becomes more complicated. Here it is of a closed type and is divided into two cavities by an elastic membrane. One is for excess fluid in the system, the other is for compressed air that regulates the pressure in the system.

The expansion tank can be located not only at the highest point of the system, but also near the boiler. To perfect the circuit, the designers introduced an accelerating manifold into it. Now, if there is a power outage followed by a pump stop, the system will continue to operate in convection mode.

Positive and negative characteristics

Forced circulation allows the elements of the heating system to be freely positioned relative to each other. Still, the basic rules for installing the boiler piping, connecting radiators, installing difficult lines should not be ignored. Using forced circulation, you can see the following advantages:

Another advantage of the forced heating method is the choice of a place for installing the heat generator at your discretion. This is usually the first floor or basement.

With all the advantages of this heating method, there are also disadvantages. For example, when the coolant passes through the system, noise is heard, which is amplified at the turns of the heating line and in places of narrowing. This can often be the reason for excessive pump performance, inappropriate for a specific heating system. The second disadvantage is dependence on electricity. When it is turned off, the movement of the coolant in the system will stop, since the circulation pump is powered from the mains. A heat generator for a system with a forced heating method can operate using any available type of fuel. The main thing is to choose a boiler with a capacity at which it could heat the heated area of the house.

Availability should be fundamental for such a system. When heated, the coolant increases in volume in a closed space. To prevent emergencies in which pipes and radiators burst, an expansion tank is used. He handles excess pressure well.

Thanks to the forced circulation heating scheme, which is provided by a pressure pump, heat exchange devices can be of different types and materials. A good option- heating "warm floor":

1. Its functioning does not require a high temperature of the coolant.
2. The presence of a pressure pump in the equipment of the system has an effective effect on the impeded circulation of the coolant (small diameter and long length) of "warm floors".

Metal pipes for a heating system are used very rarely due to their heavy weight and high cost. In addition, they are highly susceptible to corrosive processes, which leads to poor flow circulation.

What is the difference between natural and forced circulation

Therefore, it is better to use modern materials: reinforced polypropylene and metal-plastic, which do not have such disadvantages. When purchasing them, it should be remembered that compression fittings used for connections can fail after a few years due to the effect of high temperature of the coolant. It is better not to use these devices in heating, although there is no categorical prohibition.

Many of us imagine the heating circuit of a one-story building quite clearly.

In the presence of a second floor, the task of organizing the heating system becomes somewhat more complicated.

Let's try to figure out what the heating scheme for a 2-storey private or public building should be. How to implement it yourself?

Let's take a look at all the components of the system first.

Boiler

The purpose of this unit is to generate heat energy, which will be transferred to the working environment of the heating circuit.

By the type of fuel used, boilers are divided into the following types:

gas;
electrical;
solid fuel;
liquid fuel;
combined (for example, capable of operating on electricity and diesel fuel).

The most convenient to operate, and therefore the most demanded, is a gas boiler. When choosing this unit, the determining parameters are the power and material of the heat exchanger.

Power

There is an opinion that the power of the heating boiler should be chosen at the rate of 100 W per square meter of heated area. However, these data are too average. Experience shows that for small buildings with an area of about 100 sq. m, the required power is approximately 130 W / kV. m, while for larger houses, the area of which reaches 500 sq. m, this figure is reduced to 80 W / kV. m. Why is it so?

Floor heating boiler in the house

The fact is that with an increase in the heated area, say, 4 times, the area of the enclosing structures, through which the heat "evaporates", increases only 2.5 times. Thus, the amount of heat loss per 1 sq. m of the heated area, decreases, respectively, the need for heat energy for the same kW becomes smaller. m.

Heat exchanger material

There are two options:

steel;
cast iron.

Cast iron is stronger than steel, and it resists corrosion better.

Pipes and radiators

V individual systems heating steel pipes increasingly replaced by metal-plastic or polypropylene.

These materials lose their strength at high temperatures, but in a private house, where the homeowner himself is engaged in adjusting the operation of the heating circuit, jumps in the temperature of the coolant to critical values are excluded.

Cast iron is considered a traditional material for radiators, but copper or aluminum devices are used if increased heat transfer is required. If there is high pressure in the system, instead of them, install bimetallic radiators... In them, the most critical elements are made of durable steel, and the heat-dissipating surfaces are made of soft copper or aluminum.

Armature

In heating systems, fittings of three types are used:

Locking: currently most often used Ball Valves, the disadvantages of which have been minimized with the development of technology. If the shut-off element is expected to be used frequently, it is better to install a traditional valve.
Regulating: allows you to smoothly change the volume of the passed heat carrier. Theoretically, for this purpose, shut-off valves can also be used, but they will very quickly become unusable, since they are not designed for such a tough operating mode. Today, instead of manual control valves, automatic ones, connected to temperature sensors, are actively used. Such regulators independently control the flow of the coolant, maintaining a given temperature regime.
Mayevsky valve: this element is used to remove air locks.
Expansion tank: this container receives the surplus of the working medium, which is formed due to its thermal expansion.
Circulation pump (not always used).

In some models of the Mayevsky crane, the stem can be completely unscrewed. If you do this inadvertently while the system is in working order, the coolant will rush into the room and fill everything around until you turn off the nearest shut-off valve. In order to avoid emergency situations, it is better not to install such Mayevsky cranes.

Methods for supplying coolant to the heating system

Choosing the most suitable option heating systems, the homeowner will have to decide on the main issue: how to get the coolant to move along the heating circuit. This task is solved in one of two ways:

naturally;
forcibly.

Heating scheme of a private house with natural circulation

As you know, a heated gas or liquid is pushed upward by a colder medium due to its lower density. This phenomenon is called convection. With the correct design of the heating system, it can play the role of an engine that will make the coolant circulate in a closed loop from pipes and radiators.

The most important element of such a scheme is the booster manifold - a vertical section of the pipeline running immediately after the boiler. The powerful upward current formed here pushes the coolant well through the circuit. In such a system, an open-type expansion tank is used, which is an ordinary tank connected to the upper point of the heating circuit.

Heating a two-storey house with natural circulation

The presence of the second floor allows the booster manifold to be made long enough, which, when good insulation this section provides quite decent coolant circulation. However, despite this, even in two-story houses, the scheme with the natural movement of the working environment is less and less common. The reason lies in its characteristic shortcomings:

pipes required large diameter;
on horizontal sections of the pipeline, a significant slope has to be observed - 5 - 7 cm per 1 m of length;
after bypassing the circuit, the coolant temperature drops by more than 25 degrees ( required condition for good natural circulation), therefore, the boiler has to be operated in high performance mode, which reduces its service life;
the maximum pipeline length is limited to 30 meters.

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Forced way

In two-story houses, the forced circulation scheme is used much more often, if only because the length of the heating circuit in such buildings is, as a rule, more than 30 meters. Here the working medium is pumped by a special pump, which is called circulation pump. It is installed at the entrance to the boiler, where the coolant is the coldest. Since the heating system is closed, the pressure developed by such a pump does not depend on the number of storeys of the building and is determined only by the resistance of the circuit (hydraulic).

Forced circulation heating circuit

With this scheme, the speed of movement of the coolant increases, so it does not have time to cool down much. This leads to a more even distribution of heat throughout the entire circuit, as well as the possibility of operating the boiler in a gentle mode. In addition, a forced circulation system is more practical: in spring and autumn, when it is not very cold outside, it can be operated in a low-temperature mode, which would not have been possible with natural circulation of the environment. Horizontal sections of the pipeline are installed with a slope of 0.5 - 1 cm per 1 m.

Due to the high pressure developed by the pump, it is necessary to complicate the design of the expansion tank. Here it is closed and consists of two cavities separated by a flexible membrane. An expanding heat carrier enters one cavity, the other contains compressed air, the pressure of which equalizes the pressure in the system. A closed tank does not have to be located at the highest point of the circuit, it is usually mounted next to the boiler.

Prudent designers keep the boost manifold even in forced circulation systems. In this case, if the power supply is cut off and the pump is then stopped, the system will continue to operate in convection mode.

Types of heating schemes

Heating a two-story house can be organized according to one of the following schemes.

Single-pipe, two-pipe and beam heating schemes for a private house

In a small private house, you can use a sequential scheme for connecting heating radiators. In this case, the circuit will be formed by one pipe, therefore such a system is called one-pipe. It is the most inexpensive, but also the least practical option: in the radiators farthest from the boiler, the coolant enters relatively cold, which is why the number of sections in these devices has to be increased.

Two-pipe heating circuit with upper and lower wiring

Heat energy is distributed more evenly in the two-pipe system. It consists of two pipelines - supply and return, between which radiators are connected in parallel. For a two-storey private house with large quantity premises, such a heating system layout is optimal.

The most expensive, but also the most convenient from the point of view of control, is the beam scheme. According to it, each radiator has its own supply and discharge pipelines, which converge in one collector. If, due to an incorrect hydraulic calculation, in some sections of a conventional two-pipe system, weak or no coolant circulation can be observed, then with a ray scheme such phenomena are completely excluded.

Horizontal and vertical schemes with bottom and top feed

In two-story private houses with a small area, a do-it-yourself heating system is often built according to a horizontal scheme.

According to it, all radiators within one floor are combined into a horizontal circuit, and to power each of these circuits, one well-insulated riser is laid through all floors.

With a large floor area, the horizontal contours would turn out to be too long, therefore, it would be impossible to maintain the required slope during their installation.

In this case, they resort to organizing heating according to a vertical scheme. In accordance with this principle, not those radiators that are located on the same floor are combined, but mounted above each other on different floors. For this, several risers are laid.

They can be connected in series:

the coolant from the boiler rises along one riser;
then, along the lintel located on the second floor or in the attic, it enters the second riser, along which it moves in the opposite direction.

But they also practice parallel connection of risers. For this, two circular pipelines are laid, one of which plays the role of a distribution manifold (all risers are supplied from it), and the second performs the function of a "return" (cooled coolant enters here).

If the house has an insulated attic or technical floor, the first of the pipelines can be placed here. In this case, the system is said to be top wired. In the absence of such a room, both pipelines have to be located in the basement or basement (lower wiring).

When designing heating in a private house, many owners are wondering which system to choose: one-pipe or two-pipe? The first is simpler, the second more practical. : its strengths and weaknesses, as well as classification and hydraulic calculation.

You will find out detailed information about a one-pipe heating system in the material.

Video on the topic

The optimal heating scheme for a 2-storey private house is selected taking into account many factors: efficiency, cost and complexity of installation, availability of reliable power supply and frequency of use. In addition, projects of water heating systems must take into account a number of personal requirements of the customer for the interior design of rooms, which not every type of piping and heating devices can satisfy.

Possible options

In order to choose the right wiring method correctly, it makes sense to take existing heating schemes suitable for houses with two floors, and analyze the pros and cons of each of them. Most often, the following options are considered and implemented:

one-pipe horizontal scheme ("Leningrad");
one-pipe heating system of a two-story house with vertical risers and natural movement of the coolant;
a two-pipe dead-end scheme with branches of equal length or an annular passing system with a circulation pump;
collector circuit for heating a two-story house with forced water circulation;
water heated floors;
plinth heating, also two-pipe.

Wiring options for the installation of radiators can be either open type (communicating with the atmosphere) or closed type (operating with excess pressure). Homeowners who want to provide water heating for household needs should be aware that the heating scheme of a two-story house with a double-circuit heat generator does not differ from the wiring supplied to a conventional boiler with 1 circuit. The difference lies in the operation: any heating system of a two-story house with a double-circuit boiler heats water for radiators and hot water supply alternately. When the tap is open hot water, then heating of the coolant stops, the unit completely switches to DHW.

One highway: pros and cons

The single-pipe heating system of a two-storey building - the "Leningradka" scheme - consists of one main line laid horizontally along the perimeter of the building, above the floor of each floor. Heating devices are connected to the main line with 2 ends, alternately. This type of heating network is well suited for houses where two floors occupy a small area (up to 80 m² each). There are reasons for this:

The coolant entering each subsequent radiator has an ever lower temperature due to the addition of chilled water from the previous batteries. Therefore, the length of the ring is limited to 4-5 heaters.
In order to heat well the second floor and the rooms where the last batteries are located, their heat transfer should be increased by adding sections.
The horizontal network of a two-story house with natural circulation should be carried out with a large slope (up to 1 cm per 1 m running pipe). The boiler is placed in a recess, and an expansion tank is located in the attic, which is in communication with the atmosphere.

The Leningrad distribution of heating a two-story house with forced supply of a coolant works much more stable and efficiently than by gravity. For natural circulation in a private house, it is better to make vertical risers piercing the ceilings and distributing heat to the radiators near the windows. The water supply to the risers is carried out from a horizontal collector laid in attic, return to the boiler - along the same highway running above the floor of the 1st floor.

As in the first case, an open expansion tank is placed in the attic of a 2-storey cottage, and the lines are laid with a slope. If the heating system is closed, then the slopes are required minimum (3 mm per linear meter of the pipe), and the membrane tank is placed in the boiler room.

Single-pipe heating wiring for a two-story house, although inexpensive to install, is complex in calculation and execution.

And not every owner will like it when large-diameter pipelines pass through part of the premises, they have to be hidden under boxes.

Optimal solution - 2 lines

The two-pipe heating system of a two-story house is good in that the coolant is directed to the heating devices through one pipe, and returns through the other. In private housing construction, 3 types of such systems are used:

dead-end, in it the coolant reaches the last battery and flows back, the streams move towards each other;
passing, where the supply and return flow flows in 1 direction, and the circuit is a closed ring;
collector, characterized by an individual supply of heated water to each radiator from the distribution manifold.

All two-pipe water heating schemes for a 2-storey private house are easy to do with your own hands, this is their advantage. If the architecture of the building is not too complicated, and the area does not exceed 300 m², then it is possible to assemble the pipeline network without preliminary calculations. The feed from the boiler is made with a pipe of 25-32 mm, branches - 20-25 mm, and connections - 16 mm. It is understood that the coolant is impelled to move by the pump. Gravity heating of a two-story house, when two large pipes pass through all the rooms, will not please anyone.

Dead-end and passing schemes are similar in installation, and when installing a collector system, pipelines will have to be laid directly to the batteries in the floor. This is an option for developers with high requirements to the interiors of the premises, since the pipes will not be visible on the walls of the rooms. It can also be implemented in a private house with your own hands, although equipment and materials will cost more than with a dead-end scheme.

When installing a dead-end system, it is important that all radiators installed in a two-story house be divided equally into groups in order to stretch branches of the same length to them. It is customary to do this: 2 branches on the 1st floor, two more - on the second, the coolant supply upstairs - directly from the boiler through the riser. A passing scheme is implemented differently: the supply pipeline is laid horizontally from the first to the last device, and the reverse starts from the first and goes to the boiler, collecting cooled water from all batteries. So, a ring is formed around the perimeter of the house, serving all the radiators.

Two-pipe systems are united by common advantages:

serving all heating devices coolant with the same temperature;
reliability in work;
the convenience of balancing, especially the passing scheme;
the ability to effectively control the heating operation using various automation;
simplicity of DIY installation.

Heating floor and skirting board

Pipes with hot water, laid in the floor with a calculated pitch, allow uniform heating of the premises with the entire surface of the floor covering. From each heating circuit, whose length does not exceed 100 m, the connections converge to a manifold with a mixing unit, which provides the required flow rate of the heat carrier and its temperature within the range of + 35 ° ... + 45 ° C (maximum + 55 ° C). The collector is powered directly from the boiler by one branch and controls heating on 2 floors at the same time. Positive sides of a warm floor:

uniform heating of the space of the rooms;
heating is comfortable for people, since heating comes from the bottom;
low water temperature allows saving up to 15% on energy resources;
any level of system automation is possible - work from thermostats, weather sensors or according to the program included in the controller;
the system with the controller can be controlled from a distance - via GSM-connection or the Internet.

Similar automatic control systems are being introduced into the collector circuit of a two-story cottage. Lack of warm floors - the high cost of materials and installation works that are difficult to do on your own.

Heating skirting boards are a suitable option for any private house, not just a two-story one. These heaters in the form of large skirting boards are copper or aluminum convectors connected by two-pipe scheme... They surround the premises around the perimeter, heating the air from all sides. Skirting heating is easy to install and meets any interior design requirement.

Now in the projects of private residential buildings, a heating scheme for a two-story house with forced circulation is being laid, as more optimal and modern. Some homeowners still prefer natural circulation heating, seeing its benefits. To find out the advantages of each of their heating schemes, consider different options piping in a two-story house.

Natural circulation of heated water through pipes is still relevant, but a thing of the past

Now, in heating projects for a private two-story house, you will no longer find drawings of heating circuits that work without the inclusion of circulation pumps in the circuit. But not so long ago, heating of private households with individual water heating was carried out exclusively thanks to the natural movement of water through pipes. In some houses, built and equipped with everything necessary earlier, heating systems with gravity circulation of the coolant function to this day.

How does the liquid move in such pipe circuits? The circulation here is provided by the difference in the density of water with different temperatures. Hot liquid is lighter (less density), therefore it tends upward, colder one - downward. The coolant heated by the boiler goes up the riser, it is replaced by cooled water from the return pipeline. This is called convection and provides half of the energy required for natural circulation.

The other half of the driving force comes from gravity. In order for the force of gravity to act more efficiently, the horizontal pipes of the circuit (loungers) are installed with a slope in the direction of the movement of the coolant. The supply pipe is inclined towards the heating radiators, the return lounger towards the boiler. In addition to the slope of pipes in a gravity loop, the following factors are of great importance for the successful implementation of circulation:

the position of the boiler relative to the return pipe (the lower the unit is installed, the better);
diameter of pipe communications (the wider the clearance of the pipeline, the lower the resistance);
section of internal holes in batteries (the same pattern as for pipes).

Compliance with these rules allows you to make an effective gravity circuit in the house with your own hands. However, the conditions that must be observed when installing a system with a natural movement of the coolant are the reason for such disadvantages:

bulky pipes (usually steel) cannot be laid hidden, they are always in sight;
it is necessary to make a deepened platform for the boiler, which makes its maintenance inconvenient;
it is necessary to maintain the difference between hot and cooled coolant at least 25 degrees;
the optimal ones, having the largest internal clearance and less susceptibility to corrosion (with natural circulation in the coolant, there is a lot of air), are cast iron (the choice is small);
large volume of coolant and the need to mount bulky;
it is difficult to carry out correct heat engineering calculations for uniform heating of rooms.

In addition, the gravity circuit is not able to fully heat the overall buildings. Effective natural circulation is possible with the length of the loungers up to 45 m and the area up to 180 m 2 (in a two-storey house). These disadvantages make gravity circuits the least desirable for homeowners. But still, adherents of gravity heating systems remain, arguing their preferences with such advantages of gravity circuits:

independence from an uninterrupted supply of electricity;
noiseless movement of liquid through pipes;
the efficiency of the heating system during the operation of solid fuel boilers (high inertia partially neutralizes frequent and significant temperature drops).

When installing gravitational circuits, two pipe routing schemes are used - one-pipe, when the coolant from the batteries is discharged through the same pipe that is supplied, and two-pipe, when the liquid is supplied and removed back to the boiler by two communications. For natural circulation, the same wiring diagrams apply. The coolant is supplied to the second floor through a riser extending from the boiler, the cooled liquid is discharged from above through a return vertical pipe. Loungers on both floors are connected to the risers according to the applied wiring diagram of heating communications.

Forced fluid flow system - optimal by today's standards

By developing modern project heating a two-story house, the authors of the document will certainly include a heating circuit with a circulation pump in it. Systems with natural fluid flow through pipes do not fit into the concept modern interior, in addition, forced circulation ensures the best performance of hot water heating, especially in private houses with a large area.

Forced circulation makes it much easier to relate to the arrangement of the heating system elements relative to each other, but still there are general rules for the boiler piping, the preferred connection of the heating batteries, and the laying of pipe communications. Despite the presence of a circulation pump in the circuit, when installing the wiring, they try to minimize the resistance of pipes, their connections and transitions in order to reduce the load on the pumping device and avoid fluid turbulence in difficult-to-reach places.

The use of forced circulation in the pipe loop allows you to achieve the following operational advantages:

high speed of fluid movement ensures uniform heating of all heat exchangers (batteries), due to which better heating of various rooms is achieved;
forced injection of the coolant removes the restriction from the total heating area, allowing communications of any length;
a circuit with a circulation pump works effectively when low temperatures liquids (less than 60 degrees), making it easier to maintain the optimum temperature in the rooms of a private house;
low temperature of the liquid and low pressure (within 3 bar) allows the use of inexpensive plastic pipes for the installation of the heating system;
the diameter of thermal communications is much smaller than in a system with natural circulation and they are possible hidden gasket without observing natural slopes;
the ability to operate heating radiators of any type (preference is given to aluminum batteries);
low inertia of heating (it takes no more than half an hour from starting the boiler to the maximum temperature set by the radiators);
the ability to make the circuit closed using a membrane expansion tank (although the installation of an open system is also not excluded);
thermoregulation can be carried out both as a whole in the system, and zonal or pointwise (regulate the temperature on each heater separately).

Another advantage of the forced heating system of a two-story private house is the arbitrary choice of the place for installing the boiler. Usually, it is mounted on the ground floor or in the basement, if there is a basement room, but the heat generator does not need to be specially deepened and the level of its location relative to the return pipe must be calculated. Both floor-standing and wall-mounted installation of the boiler is allowed, which provides a wide choice suitable model equipment according to the personal preference of the homeowner.

Despite the technical perfection of heating with forced fluid movement, such a system has disadvantages. Firstly, this is the noise that is generated during the rapid circulation of the coolant through the pipes, which is especially amplified in places of narrowing, sharp turns of the pipeline. Often, the noise of a moving fluid is a sign of excessive power (performance) of the circulation pump applicable to a given heating circuit.

Secondly, the operation of water heating depends on electricity, which is necessary for the constant circulation of the coolant by a circulation pump. The circuit diagram usually does not facilitate the natural movement of fluid, therefore, during prolonged power outages (if there is no device for uninterrupted power supply), the house remains unheated.

Like a circuit with natural circulation, heating a two-story house with forced circulation of a coolant is done with one-pipe and two-pipe wiring. How such schemes look correctly will be described further.

One-pipe circuit with a circulation pump - easy to make, but far from perfect

With a one-pipe wiring diagram with a circulation pump included in the circuit (all heaters on the floor are connected to the same communication), a hot coolant is supplied through it and the cooled liquid is discharged into it. Due to the high circulation rate with a small length of the lounger, the temperature difference between the radiator first from the riser and the extreme battery is insignificant. But with a large contour length, the difference becomes noticeable.

Often, such a wiring diagram is the result of an improvement in a single-pipe heating circuit with natural circulation, when a circulation pump is cut into the system, while heating has been carried out for a long time.

One-pipe distribution can function both as an open system and using a diaphragm expansion tank. If it is an advanced system, an atmospheric expansion tank is usually left. When the circuit is made from scratch, a closed membrane-type tank is installed.

The advantage of such a circuit is the possibility of its temporary operation without the participation of a circulation pump (in the event of a power outage), although with less efficiency. In order for the heating to operate in two modes, the pump is installed in a bypass - a special pipe bypass loop with a system of valves and shut-off valves. The circulating pump is installed on a thinner pipe that bends around the main line. When the coolant pumping device is working, the liquid moves in a bypass way, while the valve on the central pipe is closed. If there is no electricity, the bypass valve is closed, but it is opened on the main line and the coolant begins to circulate naturally.

A 2-storey private house is effective only with a small floor area. In such situations, it makes sense to do the wiring with one pipeline - it turns out more economical in terms of the cost of materials (pipes, fittings) and much faster. If the square of the floors is significant, you will have to spend money on pipes and make the most efficient wiring using two thermal communications.

Two-pipe heating distribution - options for a two-story house, schemes

All the advantages of a circuit with forced movement of the coolant are realized during the construction and operation of a two-story house. With such a wiring, which has several options for working schemes, the supply of the coolant and its removal from the batteries is carried out through different communications. Radiators are connected to the system in parallel, that is, independently of each other.

The hot coolant from the boiler enters the riser, from which a supply branch leaves on each floor and supplies each heater. From the batteries, the outlet pipes discharge the cooled liquid into the return communication. "Cold" sunbeds flow into a discharge riser, which turns into a return pipe on the ground floor. On the return line, before entering the boiler, the following are sequentially installed:

membrane expansion tank;
circulation pump in the bypass system with a complex of shut-off valves;
safety valve, relieving excess pressure in the heating pipe circuit.

Independent supply of the coolant to each battery in a two-pipe heating circuit makes it possible to regulate (including automatically) the rate of fluid flow through the radiator and thereby change the heater temperature. This is done manually by means of a shut-off valve at the inlet of the heating medium or by means of a thermostatic valve, which automatically adjusts the opening of the inlet in accordance with the set room temperature. At the outlet of radiators are often installed balancing valves, with the help of which the pressure is equalized in each section of the system and in the entire circuit.

A two-pipe heating system can be implemented in several versions, and a different scheme can be applied on different floors. The simplest wiring with two pipes is called dead-end. It consists in the fact that both pipes (inlet and outlet) are laid in parallel, alternately connecting along the way to the batteries, and eventually close on the last heater. The cross-section of the pipes (both) decreases as they approach the last radiator. Such a wiring requires careful pressure regulation using balancing taps (valves) in order to achieve a uniform flow of coolant to the batteries.

The next one and the pipe connections are called "Tichelmann's loop" or counter. Its essence is that the supply pipe and return pipe, which have the same diameter throughout, are fed to the radiators and connected from opposite sides. This wiring is more optimal and does not require system balancing.

The most perfect, but also the most material-intensive, is the collector heating system of a two-story house. Each heating device on the floor is supplied individually, separate supply and return pipes are supplied from the collector to the radiators. In addition to batteries, floor convectors, underfloor heating, fan coil units can be connected to the collector. The advantage is that a heating medium with the required pressure, temperature and circulation rate is supplied to each heating device or system. All these parameters are controlled by devices (servo drives, fluid mixers, thermostats, valve systems) installed on the distribution manifolds.

Autonomous heating system of a private country house- in itself is a very difficult project in terms of planning and practical implementation. It is required to take into account a lot of nuances, carry out the necessary heat engineering calculations, correctly select all the equipment required for the system by type and technical specifications, decide on the schemes for its installation and laying the necessary communications, competently carry out the installation and carry out commissioning work. All this is done in order to create a living space the most optimal microclimate was fully combined with the ease of operation of the heating system, the reliability of its operation and, without fail - with the highest possible efficiency.

Well, if a heating scheme for a 2-storey private house is being developed, then the task becomes even more difficult. Moreover, the number of premises and the length of heating routes are increasing. It is important to achieve the necessary uniform distribution of heat throughout all rooms, regardless of which floor they are located on and what area they have.

In this publication, the main elements of the heating system of a private house will be considered and several schemes that have already been tested in operation are given. Of course, it is necessary to mention the advantages and disadvantages of each of the options.

What heating systems are there?

First of all, it is necessary to consider and compare two basic schemes - open and closed heating systems. What is their main difference?

A coolant circulates through the pipes - a liquid with a high heat capacity, which transfers thermal energy from the place of heating - the heating boiler, to the points of heat exchange - radiators, convectors, underfloor heating circuits, etc. Like any physical body, the liquid has the property of expanding with increasing temperature. But, unlike, for example, gases, it is an incompressible substance, that is, the emerging excess volume has to be provided with a place so that the pressure in the pipes, according to the laws of thermodynamics, does not increase to critical values.

For this, an expansion tank is provided in any heating system with a liquid heat carrier. Its design and place of installation determines the division of heating systems into closed and open ones.

The principle of an open heating system is shown in the diagram:

1 - heating boiler.

2 - supply pipe (riser).

3 - open-type expansion tank.

4 - heating radiators.

5 - "return" pipe

6 - pumping unit.

The expansion tank is an open container of a factory or artisanal production. It has an inlet pipe that is connected to a supply riser. It can be supplemented with nozzles to prevent overflow when filling the system, to make up for the lack of heat carrier (water).

The main condition is that the expansion tank itself must be installed at the highest point of the system. This is necessary, firstly, so that the excess coolant simply does not overflow outward according to the rule of communicating vessels, and secondly, it serves as an effective air vent- all gas bubbles formed during the operation of the system rise upward and freely escape into the atmosphere.

6 on the diagram shows the pumping unit. Although very often open-type systems are organized according to the principle of natural circulation of the coolant, installing a pump will never hurt. Moreover, if you tie it up correctly, with a bypass loop and shut-off valves, this will make it possible, as necessary, to switch from natural circulation to forced circulation and vice versa.

By the way, the installation of an open expansion tank exactly at the top point of the supply pipe is not at all some kind of mandatory rule. Here, options are possible, the choice of which is made based on the specific features of a particular heating system:

a - the tank is located at the highest point of the main supply pipe extending from the boiler. We can say - the classic version

b - the expansion tank is connected by a pipe to the "return". Sometimes you have to resort to such an arrangement, although it has a significant drawback - the tank does not fully perform its functions air vent, and in order to avoid gas jams, such a device will have to install special taps on risers or directly on heating radiators.

c - the tank is installed on the far supply riser.

d - a rare location of a tank with a pumping unit immediately after it on the supply pipe.

Below is a diagram of a closed heating system:

The numbering of common elements has been preserved by analogy with the previous scheme. What are the main differences?

The system has a sealed expansion tank (7) of a special design. It is divided by a special elastic membrane into two halves - a water chamber and an air chamber.

Such a tank works very simply. With the thermal expansion of the coolant, its surplus falls into a closed tank, increasing the volume of the water chamber due to stretching or deformation of the membrane. Accordingly, the pressure increases in the opposite air chamber. When the temperature drops, air pressure pushes the heat transfer fluid back into the pipes of the system.

Expansion tank prices

expansion tank

Such an expansion tank can be installed almost anywhere in the heating system. Very often it is located in close proximity to the boiler on the "return" pipe.

Since the system is completely sealed, it is necessary to protect against a critical increase in pressure in it during abnormal situations. This necessitates one more element - a safety valve, set to a certain response threshold. Usually this device is included in the so-called "security group"(on the diagram - No. 8). Its standard equipment includes:

"Security group" assembled

1 – control and measuring a device for visual monitoring of the state of the system: a manometer or a combined device - a manometer-thermometer.

2 - automatic air vent.

3 - safety valve with presetting of the upper pressure threshold or with the possibility of self-regulation of this parameter.

The security team is usually placed in such a way that it is easy to monitor the state of the system. It is often installed right next to the boiler. In this case, the upper sections of the heating system will require additional air vents on risers or on radiators.

Systems with natural and forced circulation

The principles of natural and forced circulation have already been mentioned in passing, but it is worth considering them more closely.

The natural movement of the coolant along the heating circuits is explained by the laws of physics - the difference in the density of hot and cooled liquid. To understand the principle, take a look at the diagram:

1 - the point of primary heat exchange, the boiler, where the cooled coolant receives heating due to external energy sources.

2 - heated coolant supply pipe.

3 - point of secondary heat exchange - heating radiator installed in the room. It should be located above the boiler by an amount h.

4 - turn the pipe going from the radiators to the boiler.

The density of a hot liquid (Pror) is always much less than that of a chilled liquid (Rohl). The heated coolant, therefore, cannot have any significant effect on a denser substance. Therefore, you can conditionally remove the upper "red" part of the diagram, and consider the processes in the "return" pipe.

The result is "classic" communicating vessels, one of which is located above the other. Such hydraulic system always strives for balance - to ensure an equal level in both vessels. Due to the excess of one over the other in the return pipe, a constant flow of liquid arises towards the boiler. Such a naturally created pressure at correct planning the wiring is sufficient for the general circulation of the coolant in a closed heating circuit.

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The greater the excess of the radiators over the boiler (h), the more active natural movement liquid, but it should not exceed 3 meters. Very often, in order to achieve an optimal location, the boiler is installed in a basement or basement room. If this cannot be done, then they try to slightly lower the floor level in the boiler room.

To facilitate and stabilize natural circulation, it is also helped by gravity - all pipes of the circuit are positioned with a slope (from 5 to 10 mm per linear meter).

The forced circulation system provides for the mandatory installation of a special electric pump of the required capacity.

As already mentioned, the system can be combined - a properly connected pump will allow switching from one circulation principle to another. This is especially important in cases where the supply of electricity in the area of residence is not stable.

The optimal location for the pump is considered to be the "return" pipe before entering the boiler. This is certainly not a dogma, but in this area it will be less influenced by high temperatures coolant and will last longer. Nowadays, they are more and more often purchased, which structurally already contain a circulation pump with the required parameters.

Prices for different types of heating boilers

heating boiler

Advantages and Disadvantages of Various Systems

First of all, it should be noted that there is no clear division of systems at once according to the two mentioned parameters. So, an open system can work on the principles of both natural and forced circulation, depending on its design features... To a certain extent, the same can be said about a closed sealed system, although already- With certain assumptions.

But if we consider the projects presented on the Internet, then we can see that an open system often presupposes natural circulation or a combined one, with the possibility of switching. Closed heating circuits most often provide for the installation of forced circulation - this way they work more correctly and are easier to adjust.

So, let's consider the main advantages and disadvantages of both systems.

First - oh merits open system with natural circulation.

In an open system, the expansion tank performs several functions at once.

- Such a scheme does not require the installation of a safety group, since the pressure can never reach critical values.

- Installation of the expansion tank at the highest point on the supply pipe ensures the spontaneous release of accumulated gas bubbles. More often than not, this is quite enough, and the installation of additional air vents not required.

The system is extremely reliable in terms of operation, as it does not contain complex assemblies. In fact, the period of its "life" is determined only by the condition of pipes and radiators.
There is no complete dependence on the power supply, no electricity is consumed.
The absence of electromechanical units means the noiselessness of the heating operation.
Nothing prevents you from equipping the system with forced circulation.
The system has an interesting self-regulation property - the intensity of the coolant circulation depends on the rate of its cooling in the radiators, that is, on the air temperature in the premises. The higher the heating, the lower the flow rate. This often allows the system to be balanced without the use of complex adjustments.

Now - about her disadvantages:

The rule of installing the expansion tank at the highest point often leads to the need for its location in the attic. If the attic is cold, then reliable thermal insulation of the tank will be required - to prevent serious heat losses and to avoid freezing at low winter temperatures.
An open tank does not prevent the coolant from contacting the atmosphere. And this, in turn, entails two negative points:

- Firstly, the coolant evaporates, which means you need to monitor its level. In addition, this limits the owners in choosing a coolant - the evaporation of antifreeze entails certain material costs. Moreover, the concentration of chemical components may also change, and for some boilers (for example, electrolytic ones) this is unacceptable.

- Secondly, the liquid is constantly saturated with oxygen from the air. This leads to the intensification of corrosion processes (steel and aluminum radiators). And the second negative is increased gas formation during heating.

Aluminum radiators for open heating systems are of little use

Such a system causes certain difficulties during installation - it is mandatory to maintain the required slope level. In addition, pipes of different diameters will be required, including large ones, since for each section, with natural circulation, the required section must be observed. This circumstance also complicates installation and leads to significant material costs, especially when using metal pipes.
The capabilities of such a system are very limited - if the distance from the boiler is too great, the hydraulic resistance of the pipes may be higher than the created natural head of the liquid, and circulation will become impossible. By the way, this completely excludes the possibility of using "warm floors" without special additional equipment.
The system is quite inert, especially during a cold start. A serious starting "impulse" is required, that is, start-up at high power, in order to ensure the beginning of fluid circulation. For the same reasons, there are certain difficulties in fine balancing of the system by floors and rooms.

Now let's take a look at a closed system with forced circulation.

Her dignity:

Provided the correct selection of the circulation pump, the system is not limited either by the number of storeys of the building or by the size in plan.
Forced circulation ensures faster and more uniform heating of the radiators at start-up. It lends itself much more easily to fine adjustments.
Coolant evaporation and oxygen saturation does not occur. There are no restrictions either on the type of fluid or on the type of radiators.
The tightness of the system prevents air from entering the pipes and radiators. Gas formation in the liquid gradually disappears over time, and is easily eliminated air vents.
It is possible to use pipes with a smaller diameter. When installing them, the slope is not required.
The expansion tank can be installed in any place convenient for the owners in a heated room - the possibility of its freezing is completely excluded.
The temperature difference at the outlet from the boiler and in the "return" with stable heating operation is much less. This circumstance significantly increases the service life of the equipment.
Such a system is the most flexible in terms of the use of heating devices. It is suitable for "classic" radiators, and for convectors and "thermal curtains", wall or hidden, and for the contours of the "warm floor".

Disadvantages a little, but they are still there:

For correct operation, it will be necessary to carry out a preliminary calculation of all components of the system - a boiler, radiators, a circulation pump, an expansion tank, in order to achieve complete consistency of their functioning.
It is impossible to do without installing a "security group".
Perhaps the most important drawback is the dependence on the stability of the power supply.

Most likely, this will require the purchase and installation of uninterruptible power supplies (if the design does not imply the possibility of switching to natural circulation with a non-volatile boiler).

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Uninterruptible Power Supply Prices

uninterruptible power system

Wiring diagrams in a two-story house

How to distribute heating pipes in a two-story house? There are several schemes, from the simplest to the most complex.

First of all, you need to decide whether the system will be one-pipe or two-pipe.

An example of a one-pipe system is shown in the diagram:

One pipe system is the most imperfect

Heating radiators seem to be "strung" on one pipe, which is looped from the outlet to the inlet to the boiler and through which both the supply and the removal of the coolant are carried out. The obvious advantages of such a scheme are its simplicity and minimal material consumption during installation. On this, alas, her dignity ends.

It is quite obvious that the fluid temperature drops from radiator to radiator. Thus, in rooms located closer to the boiler room, the temperature of the batteries will be significantly higher than in rooms located further away. Of course, this can to some extent be compensated for by a different number of heating sections, but this is seen only in small houses. Considering that the article is about a two-story building, then such a scheme is unlikely to be the best solution.

Some of the problems are solved when installing a one-pipe system - "Leningrad", the diagram of which is shown in the figure below. In this case, the input and output of each battery are interconnected by a bypass jumper, and the heat loss with distance from the boiler is no longer so significant.

The Leningradka scheme eliminates some of the problems

"Leningradka" lends itself to even greater modernization. Thus, a control valve can be installed on the bypass. The same valves can be installed on one or even both radiator pipes (shown by arrows). This immediately opens up wide possibilities in fine tuning the heating system for each room separately. There is access to each radiator - if necessary, it can be simply turned off or removed for replacement, without in the least disrupting the performance of the entire circuit.

Improved "Leningrad" with shut-off and balancing valves

By the way, with its flexibility, simplicity, low consumption of pipes "Leningradka" has gained immense popularity - it can often be found in one-story houses(especially with a pronouncedly large perimeter of walls), and in high-rise buildings. It is quite suitable for a two-story mansion.

And yet it is not devoid of shortcomings. The possibility of connecting floor heating circuits, heated towel rails, etc. to it is completely excluded. Moreover, mutual arrangement premises, doors, exits to balconies and tp... it is not always possible to stretch pipes along the entire perimeter, and the "Leningrad" ultimately should be a closed ring.

A two-pipe heating system is much more perfect. Although it will require more material consumption and will be more difficult to install, it is preferable to stay on it.

In fact, it sets up the supply and return pipes running parallel to each other. At the same time, the radiators are connected with pipes to each of them. An example is shown in the diagram:

The radiators are connected to the supply and return pipes in parallel, and each of them does not in any way affect the operation of the others. Each "point" can be very precisely adjusted individually - for this, jumper bypasses (pos. 1) are used, on which balancing valves (pos. 2) or even three-way thermostatic control valves (pos. 3) can be installed, which constantly maintain a stable temperature heating a specific battery.

The advantages of a two-pipe system are undeniable:

The overall heating temperature is maintained at the inlet to all radiators.
The total pressure loss from the hydraulic resistance of the pipes is significantly reduced. This means that a smaller pump can be installed.
Any of the radiators can be turned off or even removed for repair or replacement - this will not affect the system as a whole.
The system is very versatile, and it is quite possible to connect any heat exchange devices to it - radiators, warm floors (through special collector cabinets), convectors, fan coil units, etc.

Perhaps the only drawback of the two-pipe system is its consumption of materials and the complexity of installation. In addition, the calculations during its design will also be added.

One of the complex, but very effective in operation, options for a two-pipe system is a collector or beam wiring. In this case, from two collectors - supply and return, two individual pipes are stretched to each radiator. This, of course, complicates installation many times over - and incomparably more material will be required, and it is harder to hide the manifold wiring (usually it is placed under the floor surface). But on the other hand, the adjustment of such a scheme is highly accurate, and can be carried out from one place - from a manifold cabinet equipped with all the necessary adjusting and safety equipment.

By the way, on the scale of a two-story building, very often it is necessary to resort to combining connection schemes, two-pipe and one-pipe, in separate areas, where it is more profitable and easier from the point of view of installation, and does not affect the overall heating efficiency.

The next important issue is floor piping.

There are two main options. The first is a system of vertical risers, each of which provides heat to both floors at the same time. And the second - a scheme with the so-called horizontal risers (or rather they will be called "loungers"), in which each floor has its own layout.

An example of a wiring with risers is shown in the figure:

In this embodiment, risers with a lower wiring are presented. From the horizontal sunbeds of the first floor, the supply pipes are understood upward, and the "return pipes" return here. In this case, at the upper end of each riser, it will be advisable to place air vent.

There is another option - top feed risers. In this case, the feed pipe leaving the boiler immediately rises up, already on the second floor or even in the upper technical room, vertical risers are connected to it, piercing the structure from top to bottom.

The riser scheme is convenient if the floor layout is largely the same, and the radiators are located one above the other. In addition, it is this option that will be optimal when the decision is still made to use an open heating system with natural circulation - in this case, the most important task is to minimize the length of horizontal (inclined) sections, and the risers do not offer serious resistance to the flow of the coolant from top to bottom.

An example of such a system is shown in the following diagram:

A common large-diameter supply pipe rises from the boiler (item 1), which enters a large-volume expansion vessel (item 3), located at the top point of the system approximately in the center between the risers. The solution is quite interesting - the expansion tank simultaneously plays the role of a kind of collector, from which the supply pipes to the vertical risers radiate in beams in all directions. Radiators of both floors are connected to the risers (pos. 4), the precise adjustment of which is carried out with special valves (pos. 5).

As already mentioned, systems with natural circulation are quite demanding on the exact selection of the nominal pipe diameters. On the diagram, these are shown by letter designations:

a - dy = 65 mm

b - dy = 50 mm

c - dy = 32 mm

d - dy = 25 mm

e - dy = 20 mm

The disadvantage of the system with risers is considered to be its rather complex implementation - you will have to organize several interfloor transitions through the ceiling. In addition, vertical risers are almost impossible to "remove from the eyes" - this is important for those owners who have a priority on decorative finishing of rooms.

An example of a two-pipe system with individual wiring for each floor is shown in the following diagram:

There are only two vertical risers located side by side - for filing and for the "return". This principle looks quite rational from the point of view of installation, it allows you to completely turn off an entire floor in case it is temporarily not used for some reason. In addition, the fitting of pipes allows them to be almost completely hidden from view by closing floor covering and leaving outside only the inlet and outlet pipes of the radiators.

In fact, each floor can have its own scheme, depending on the layout of the rooms. There are many options for the location of pipes and the connection of radiators for floor wiring. Some of them are shown in the diagram, where the conditional division into three floors is carried out.

Conditional first floor - an uncomplicated two-pipe wiring of a "dead-end" type with a counter movement of the coolant was used. The scheme has its own characteristics. The supply and return pipes are mounted parallel to each other to the very end of the branch (there can be several branches - two are shown in the diagram). The diameter of the pipes gradually narrows from radiator to radiator. It is very important to provide balancing valves, otherwise the radiators installed closer to the boiler are able to close the coolant current through themselves, leaving the subsequent heat exchange points unheated.
The second floor shows so-called "loopTichelman". A very successful scheme, in which the flow in the supply and "return" go in the same direction. A diagonal connection of the batteries is provided - entry from the top and exit from the bottom - this is considered optimal in terms of heat transfer. Very often, with such a scheme, balancing of the radiators is not even required. But there is an important condition - the pipes must be of the same diameter.
The third floor is equipped according to the already mentioned collector scheme. From two collectors there is an individual wiring to each radiator with pipes of exactly the same diameter. The system is the most convenient to fine-tune. It should be used if you plan to install the contours of the "warm floor". It is desirable that the collectors are located as close to the center of the floor as possible - to maintain the approximate proportionality of the lengths of all the "rays" extending from them.

There are many other options for wiring in a two-story house, and it will not be possible to consider all of them on the scale of one article. In addition, much depends on the "geometry", architectural features of the house, and to develop " universal recipes"Is simply impossible. In such matters, it is better to trust experienced specialists - they will help you choose the right scheme for specific conditions.

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Video: useful information on radiator heating schemes

Basics of calculating the main elements of a heating system

It is not enough to decide on the type of heating system and the pipe laying scheme - it is necessary to clearly determine the operational parameters in order to correctly purchase and install its main necessary elements - a heating boiler, heating radiators, an expansion tank, a circulation pump.

How to calculate the required boiler output?

There are many methods for calculating this indicator. Very often you can find recommendations to proceed from the total area of heated rooms in the house, and then carry out calculations at the rate of 100 W per 1 m².

Such a recommendation has the right to life, and can give a general idea of the required thermal power. However, it is rather suitable for very average conditions, and does not take into account a number of important features that directly affect the heat loss at home. Therefore, it is better not to be lazy, and to carry out the calculation more carefully.

The best way to approach the matter is as follows. To begin with, draw a table in which to list by floor all the rooms where the heating devices will be installed. For example, it might look like this:

Premises	Area, m2	External walls, number, are included in:	Number, type and size of windows	External doors (to the street or to the balcony)	Calculation result, kW
TOTAL					22.4 kW
1st floor
Kitchen	9	1, South	2, double glazing, 1.1 × 0.9 m	1	1.31
Hallway	5	1, S-W	-	1	0.68
Canteen	18	2, C, B	2, double glazing, 1.4 × 1.0	No	2.4
…	…	...	...	...	...
2nd floor
Children	...	...	...	...	...
Bedroom 1	...	...	...	...	...
Bedroom 2	...	...	...	...	...
…	…	...	...	...	...

Having in front of your eyes a plan of the house and having information about the features of your home, walking around it, if necessary, with a tape measure, it will be quite easy to collect all the necessary data for calculations.

Then it remains to sit down for calculations. But let's not bore readers with a long formula and tables of coefficients. In a nutshell - the calculation is carried out on the basis of the already mentioned standard of 100 W / m². But at the same time, many adjustments are taken into account that affect the required power of the heating system to maintain a comfortable temperature and compensate for heat losses. All these correction factors are included in the offered calculator - you just need to enter the requested data and get the result.

Calculator for calculating the required heat output of a heating boiler

The calculation is carried out for each room separately and the result fits into the table. And then all that remains is to find the amount - this will be the minimum heat output that the heating boiler should produce. Naturally, when choosing a model, you can also lay down a "reserve", about 20%.

Make sure it takes very little time to calculate with the calculator!

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