Soil deoxidation by plants. Soil acidity - how to determine and deoxidate

From letters to the editor:
I am a novice gardener. I noticed that some cultures are growing on my beds difficult, for example, it is not possible to get a good crop of coarse. Friends who showed our garden and complained about failures, suggested that, apparently, on our site an acidic soil. What does acidic soil mean? How to reduce this acidity?

Of course, if you have financial capabilities, you can contact the agrochemical laboratory and order the analysis of the soil.

Her staff will take samples from various parts of your site, and then you will get an accurate idea of \u200b\u200bthe acidity of the soil on it.

This is a very important indicator. The fact is that many plants can normally develop only at a certain level of acidity. This level is determined by the pH indicator.

Taking into account its soils are divided into three types:

• weakly acidic soil - the pH value begins with PH7 and above;
• neutral soil - PH7;
• sour soil is lower than PH7, a truly acidic soil is significantly lower than this indicator, for example, PH4.

At the same time, most plants, especially vegetable, grow best with a neutral or weakness of the soil reaction. For example, a swamp, on the crop of which you complain, prefers just a neutral soil.

And even by appearance This plant can be determined that he does not like this soil. When on the soils favorable for her, then she has a juicy green leaves, and the cutters are bright red. At the same time, it develops well, forms a standard or even larger root roof.

If the soil is in the weakness area, then on the leaves you can see the red bodies. With acidic, unloved swallow soil, her leaves are smaller and blushing. Saw such foliage - immediately take necessary measuresotherwise the crop she will not give you.

Soil acidity can be determined by another one natural way. The fact is that wild-growing plants also have their own preferences. If your horse sorrel, moss, wild mint are growing at your site or next to it, it is a sign of sour soil.

If the plot is growing well, drinking, rawnik, it means that the soil you have neutral or weakly acidic.

There are the same preferences cultural plants. For example, on a weak acid soils The following are growing well vegetable crops:, Potatoes, radish, peas. Love such soil as well, chrysanthemums.

Neutral soils prefer the already mentioned swallow, as well as onions, cabbage, garlic.

More acidic soils are preferred by such popular cultures like tomatoes, carrots, pumpkin, sorrel, parsley. But there are record holders among acidic soil lovers. This, for example, garden blueberry or beautiful decorative plant rhododendron. It is necessary to try to create the soil you need. And the reason for many beginner gardeners does not want to grow these two cultures, just lies in the fact that they did not create a sufficiently acidic soil. True, such a soil is usually loose, since it consists of peat and coniferous puff.

There are on sale in horticultural stores Special lacmus strips indicators. To determine the acidity of the soil, they take samples from different parts of the site - the handful of land in a marlay, which is lowered into a glass with distilled water, insist for some time (according to the instructions), and then it is lowered in a lactium paper. It is painted in this or that color. According to the color scale attached to the set, the color of this paper is compared and the soil acidity is determined.

You can use the latest achievement of science - special device acidomomer. The lower pointed part of it is inserted into the soil, and after a couple of minutes, the readings of the pH level of your soil will be affected on the scale with an accuracy of tenths. It seems that in all horticulture you need to have such a device. If you buy it to be exploited, it will not be at all overlaid, and the benefits will be for all members of the partnership, as they will be able to determine the acidity of their soil and will know what to do to get a good harvest.

And what needs to be done if the device showed that you have a high soil acidity? It is necessary to deal with this phenomenon, as the acidic soil is less fertile than, for example, neutral, and many vegetables and fruits grow on it badly, plants are depressing and sick. The roots are branched on them badly, the yield decreases.

Therefore, if after applying one or another method of determining the acidity of the soil, it turned out that they are sour, then they need them risk. To neutralize such soils, you can use several funds. The most ancient way, it was used by our distant ancestors - it. True, they did not collect her. They used the so-called gravy-fire agriculture, which was based on the burning of the forest, after which cultural plants were planted at this place.

The ancestors, of course, did not know the soil acidity. They just freed some territory from the forest and knew that after the fire there would be good to give birth to rye, oats, cabbage or turnip. The ash from the burnt numerous trees and shrubs reduced the acidity of forest soils, and, in addition, it is known, it is a good fertilizer, which contains more than thirty elements that feed plants. For example, in ashes there are potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, iron, silicon, sulfur and others. There is only nitrogen in it. When this plot of land was exhausted, our ancestors were freed by a new fire for sowing, and the forest gradually revived on the old one.

Of course, collecting such a number of ash, which was formed as a result of burning forest, now it will not work, but if you constantly live in the country and use for heating firewood, then you can collect a few dry ash bags. Or you can build a small stove on the site, in which to burn all the dry branches from the garden and the nearest forest. Then, using the resulting ash, you can deoxide a piece of garden or garden.

According to experts, if the soil is very sour, then it is necessary to make about 700 g of ash on square meter. But if you make it in the soil and less than this norm, but regularly, it is hardly with an acid. Most likely it will be neutral. If there is quite a bit of ash, try to make it on that bedtime, where you are sitting in the beet seeds, then you will definitely with harvest, if, of course, ensure good care.

This is an effective, but long-time method of improving the soil, but not everyone can stock ash. Therefore, more often use other ways. Sour soils are now most often corrected in the soil of lime or other lime materials . Unlike ash, they are sold in stores for gardeners. Agronomas are recommended to correct the sylnic acid soil to make up to 50 kilograms of lime for one weaving of the garden.

At acidic soils, up to 40 kilograms will be required, on weakly acids - at least 30 kilograms per hundred. It makes it in the fall, scattering a smooth layer on the surface of the soil in front of the portion of the plot. It is necessary to try to stir lime with soil with the soil, then the effect of its introduction will appear faster. It is impossible to allow uneven application, since in overdose it can lead to the burns of plants.

Having manufactured in this way its site, you will provide the soil with a neutral reaction for almost ten years, and then it will be necessary to repeat the lime.

If you have fresh manure, it is impossible to be made in the fall under the Packet along with Lime. From their interaction from manure, a significant amount of nitrogen will be lost.

In addition to lime in horticultural stores, other limestones can be found. Most often it happens the Dolomitic flour. It is not as effective as lime, but, it means you need to make it more. Here are the rules that are indicated in the passport of this lime fertilizer:

• sour soils (pH less than 4.5): 500-600 g per 1m² or (5-6 t / ha);
• medium (pH 4.5-5.2): 450-500 g per 1m² or (4.5-6 t / ha);
• weakly acidic (pH 5.2-5,6): 350-450 g per 1m² or (3.5-4.5 t / ha).

On the pulmonary soils, the dose is reduced by 1.5 times, and on heavy clay - increase by 10-15%. For a more effective effect of dolomite flour, with its introduction, it is necessary to achieve a uniform distribution of limestone flour throughout the area of \u200b\u200bthe site. When complete dose, the lime effect is preserved for 8-10 years. The effectiveness of dolomite flour increases with the simultaneous introduction of borogne and copper microfertili (boric acid and copper sulphate).

Dolomite flour has another plus: it not only deoxides the soil, but also enriches it with calcium, magnesium and other useful trace elements.

Specialists are also recommended to reduce the acidity of the soil to heated on the harvesters released after harvesting: rye, whites mustard, Faceliya, Oats, and then rinse from the green mass and close in the soil. If it becomes good tradition, then you will forget about acidic soil.

The increased acidity of the soil does not contribute to getting a good harvest, it needs to be deasured. Some vegetable cultures are very sensitive to acidic soil. Autumn is the most suitable time for work on the garden on the neutralization of the soil.

How to determine that soil is sour

With increased acidity of the soil, the plants are not absorbed from it some of the beneficial substances. To assemble a good harvest, you need to pay attention to the condition of the soil. If the acidity is raised, on such sections, as a rule, we grow in large quantities such weeds like a dandelion, horse sornery, horsetail.

You can determine the acidity of the soil using the indicator strips. There are no less reliable folk methods. For example, you can gain land in a tablespoon and pour a small amount of 9% vinegar on it. If the soil is alkaline, a lot of foam is formed. Neutral soil does not give such a turbulent reaction. If the soil is acidic, the foam will not be completely.

How to deoxide the soil in the vegetable garden

To neutralize the soil, it is necessary to make an alkaline component into it. For these purposes, Dolomitic flour, lime, chalk, ash are suitable.

Dolomite flour

Dolomitic flour - chopped powder obtained from rock. It not only deoxides the soil, but also breaks it, improving the structure. Dolomitic flour enriches the soil magnesium, which is very relevant for light soils.

Dolomite flour is made in the following proportions:

• for weakly acidic soils (pH 6-7) - 0.3-0.4 kg per 1 sq.m.

Flour must evenly distribute over the entire area in front of autumn resistance.

Chalk

Chalk is great for soil deoxidation in autumn. Pre-dry chalk should be chopped, and then add it to the soil in front of the resistance, focusing on the following norms:

• for acidic soils (to pH 4.5) - 0.5-0.7 kg per 1 sq. M.
• for medium-sized soils (pH 4.5-6) \u200b\u200b- 0.4 kg per 1 sq. M;
• for weakly acidic soils (pH 6-7) - 0.2-0.3 kg per 1 sq.m.

Pushon lime deoxidation

Lime is a fairly aggressive means for deoxidation of the soil. After making it in the ground, the plant does not absorb phosphorus for some time, so the lime is better to spend late in the fall. For neutralization it is better to use the lime-membrane, focusing on the following norms:

• for acidic soils (to pH 4.5) - 0.5 kg per 1 sq.m;
• for medium-sized soils (pH 4.5-6) \u200b\u200b- 0.3 kg per 1 sq. M.;
• for weakly acidic soils (pH 6-7) - 0.2 kg per 1 sq.m.

Raskiising ash

Ash is not only excellent mineral fertilizerbut also means for deoxidation of the soil. The ash can be made in the fall for neutralization of weakly acid soils from the calculation of 1-1.5 kg of ash per 1 kV. m.

I do not use the ash for deoxidation of the soil, because its consumption is large enough, and this leads to the fact that too many trace elements accumulate in the ground. In addition, calcium content in the ash can vary greatly depending on the type of wood and other factors. Calculate the exact amount required for deoxidation is difficult. I give preference to dolomite flour or ordinary chalk. To determine the soil acidity, I use indicator strips.

How to check the result

Check the result of autumn soil deoxidation is better in spring. For the winter in the ground all the necessary chemical reactions. It is possible to determine its acidity with a litmus paper or folk methods. You can use a special device, which is very convenient. If the result is satisfactory and the acidity of the soil turns out to be neutral, the re-decking of the soil is not required. Otherwise, it can be reset off the soil in the spring.

To deoxide the soil in the fall, you can make lime, chalk or dolomite flour. As a deoxidizer is used only in areas where the soil reaction is close to neutral.

Sep 5, 2019 Olga

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Many gardeners face the problem of soil acidity. In excessive acidic soil there are no conditions for the life of trace elements and important bacteria. The trouble is that with high acidity and abundant fertilizer of the Earth, the plants still do not get the necessary substances for feeding and good harvest.

How to analyze the acidity of the soil

Even if before the start of the landing of the first plants, checking the land plot to acidity showed a neutral pH, then in the future the increased level of acidity is unpleasant to surprise the dacroom. It pleases that now there is no need to resort to specialists and complex technologies for analysis. there is simple ways Studying the acidity of the site alone.

1. Sort Analysis using Lacmus paper. Having gathered from different places of the site at half a spoon of the Earth, you need to lower each trial material in a jar with clean water in proportions 1 to 1. Five minutes later, each container for 1 second you need to omit a litmus paper pre-acquired in a pharmacy. Checking with the instructions, you can understand which one that has changed the piece of paper.
2. Study of acidity level of vinegar. It is necessary to place the glass on any dark coating, pouring onto it on a spoonful of the Earth from different places of the garden. Waving every tillage of a 9% acetic essence, it is necessary to follow the appearance of foam. In the case of strong foaming - there is no acid in the ground, a little foam is a good indicator, and with the absolute absence of the reaction - the ground is sour.
3. Observation of the colorful leaves beet. If you plant a beet culture in different parts of the cottage, then with the appearance of large leaves you can learn the acidity of the Earth on which the beet grows. If the entire leaf of the plant has a red filling - the acidity is high, on the sheet there are red veins - a weak acid rate, green color Sheet is a permissible pH.

Methods of deoxidation of soil

Independent deoxidation of the soil does not represent a special difficulty, the benefit of all ingredients can be taken in the "grace", on the market or make directly on the site. Showing special caution, and carefully studying the ways, you can proceed to the procedure.

Application of lime

Lime deoxidation gives effective resultbut along with this for a long time deprives plants the opportunity to assimilate phosphorus. Having considered the aggressive nature of lime, it is best to apply it in the fall, leaving the time to spring sowing on the normalization of chemical processes in the soil.

Haired lime is added in this way:

• especially acidic land - half kg per 1 sq.m.
• middle Acid - 300 g per 1 sq. M.
• small acid - 200 g per 1 sq. M.

Dolomite for deoxidation

Dolomitka can be sprayed with a section of the junction and autumn, as it behaves quite neutral to plants, along with this saturating the soil of magnesium.

The proportions of dolomite flour are as follows:

• sour soil - half kg per 1 sq. M
• average acid - 400 g per 1 sq. M.
• low acid - 300 g per 1 square. M.

Processing of the area of \u200b\u200bashla

Applying ash, the garden not only risks the soil, but also fertures its potassium, necessary phosphorus and useful magnesium.

True, the consumption of ash is great:

• wood ash - more than one and a half kg per 1 square meter. M.
• the ash from weeds - 2.5 kg per sq.m

Gypsum and Cretaceous Tillage

Gypsum, as well as chalk can be called the controller of the acidity of the Earth. After entering these drugs into the ground, they begin their work, interacting not with water, but with acid. Normalizing the pH of the soil, these deoxidizers remain in it in a passive position until the acidity rises again. As a result, these substances entered into the ground are regulated for a long time and lowered acidity.

In the pH chemistry is an index that shows how acidic or alkaline response from a specific substrate. The pH values \u200b\u200bvary from 0 to 14: if the pH value is approximately equal to 0, it indicates a very acidic medium if approaches 14 to alkaline. PH value, equal to 7, indicate a neutral environment. In horticulture and gardening of the pH of the soil on which plants grows, can have a serious effect on the growth and health of plants. Although most plants grow perfectly at pH equal to 6.5-7, there are species that grow much better at certain soil acidity, so serious gardeners should learn the basics of soil acidity. Start from the first step and you will learn how to lower the pH of the soil in your garden.

Steps

Part 1

Determination of the level of the pH

Check the pH level of the soil. Before adding to the soil to change its level of acidity, be sure to check how much its pH differs from the necessary you. You can purchase a set for self-definition pH in the store of goods for gardeners or find out if the soil analysis can be ordered.

Drop in the section 5 small pits. The easiest way to determine the pH of the soil of your site using a special dial to determine the pH. Such sets are usually inexpensive and sold in many business stores and shops for gardeners. Start with the fact that we take the soil samples from the site where you want to check the pH. Drop five small holes, a depth of 15-20 cm. The location of the fossa must be random within the site - so you will get the "average" value of the pH of your soil. The soil you got out of the pits, you will not need now.

• Please note that in this section we only give the most general instructions - You will need to follow the instruction that is applied to your set to determine the pH.

1. Take a sample of soil from each fifth. So, take the bayonet or scholar shovel and cut the narrow "slice" of the soil with a side of each fifth. This "slice" must be a semi-short form, 1.3 cm thick. Put samples into a clean, dry basket.

   • Try to take a sufficient soil from each hole, so that the total value of the sample was about 0.94 liters or even more. For most methods, this is quite enough.

2. Mix the soil in the basket and scat out a thin layer on the newspaper to dry it. Leave the soil to push until it becomes dry when you touch it.

   Using a set, determine the exact level of the pH of your soil. The definition method will depend on your specific test for testing. For most sets, it is necessary to place a small amount of soil in a special test tube, add a few drops of a special solution to it, thoroughly shake and put the resulting suspension to settle for several hours. After a certain time, the solution color must change, and comparing the resulting solution with a color table attached to the test, you can define the pH of your soil.

   • There are other kits for determining the pH of the soil, so follow the instructions that attached to your set. For example, some modern electronic devices for determining pH measure the indicator almost instantly, by means of a metal sample.

3. Lower pH for flowers such as petunias or begonia. Many bright flowering plants, such as petunias and begonia, are better growing on acidic soils. For some of these colors of the acidity change from weakness before highly Sour can lead to visible change in coloring flowers. For example, if you grow a hydrangea in a plot, where the level of the soil pH is 6.0-6.2, then the plants will be dissolved pink flowers. If you are pH reduce to 5.0-5.2, then you will grow flowers with blue or lilac petals.

   Lower the pH level for evergreen trees. Many evergreen coniferous trees Grow on weakly acidic soils. For example, spruce, pine and fir feel perfectly if the level of the soil pH is 5.5-6.0. Some fern can carry even acidic soils, where the pH level is 4.0.

   Find special sources of information for gardeners and gardens to get a detailed list of plants that prefer acidic soil. List of plants that can or prefer to grow on acidic soils are too extensive to bring it within this article. For more information, we can refer to special botanical directories. They can usually be found in stores for gardeners or buy in a special section of any bookstore. In addition, you can find information on the Internet. For example, the official website of the magazine "Almans of an old farmer" contains a table that shows the preference for soil acidity for many plants (you can find it).

• Some supplements that change the acidity of the soil are sold in the form of sprays.
• It is very important not to rearrange with the number of soil additives used. They have a long-term effect on the soil and on environment generally.
• Plants grown on the basis with the ulissant pH for them cannot grow well, because part of the nutrients can be in the soil in the associated form, and thus not available for plants.
• The effect after making natural sulfur will be maintained for several seasons.
• Best make sulfur in early springWhen the plants are already planted, it is very difficult to introduce in the soil of sulfur.
• The pH of the soil affects many factors - on how well the plot is drained, before the process of erosion is quickly occurring.
• If possible, use the natural compost. It is very useful for plants, because it gives them a lot nutrient elements. You can make compost even from kitchen waste and grass, bevelled with lawn.
• Sulfur and compost create conditions for biochemical reactions in the soil, while aluminum and iron sulfates are subjected to chemical interaction.

Warnings

• Too much aluminum sulfate can poison the soil.
• If you sprayed urea, aluminum sulfate or sulfur, and they hit the leaves of plants, rinse them large quantity cool water. If you leave these chemicals on the leaves, they "burn" leaves, causing ugly stains.

Various cultures can grow absolutely differently - it directly depends not only on fertility, but also from acidity. The high level of acidity negatively affects the decay of different and oxidizes the roots of the plants, which in turn adversely affects the development of many cultures.

Determine the level of acidity

The acidity of the soil is expressed by the pH level from 1 to 14. According to this, the soil can be divided into 3 types:

• weakly acids - the pH indicator ranges from 8 to 14;
• neutral - 7;
• sour - from 1 to 6.

It is best to determine this indicator in the laboratory conditions, but if you do not have such an opportunity, the acidity of the soil can be checked using the determinants that can be purchased in special stores, or by people.

Timing

Samples for acidity should be taken twice a year from different places: before the start of the season and on its completion, because it can change much depending on which cultures you grown.

Methods

Most effective way Checks in the level of the pH, of course, is a laboratory study, but not every gardener-lover such a procedure will afford. But the soil acid can be determined by spending the minimum of funds, and even for free.

First low-budget method - This is an inspection of the soil with a litmus, or indicator, paper. For such a check, you need to prepare a special solution: mix one part of the soil and two parts of distilled water and let it brew about 20 minutes.

After that, the indicator needs to be placed in the solution: if it turned into a red color, then the earth is acidic (than brighter colorThe higher the pH level), if the paper did not change the color, then such a reaction indicates low acidity, well, if it has acquired a green color, then the ground is neutral.

Important! For the test you need to take several samples from different places and depths. As a rule, the soil is taken from a depth of 20 cm and 50 cm. From the surface of taking samples, it is not necessary, since the level of the pH may be lower than at the depth.

Not many are known, but the amount of acid in the ground can be checked by turning attention to what grows on your.

Due to the lack of calcium, the rotting of stems, leaves and fruits develops. The ash is best suited as an integrated fertilizer, because to use it as a basic means for lime, it is necessary to have a huge amount.

The norm for deoxidation is considered to be 0.6-0.7 kg per 1 m², and this is approximately one three-liter bank. For a re-procedure, which is carried out for the next year, the norm is 0.2-0.3 kg per 1 m².

It is necessary to apply mainly on light sandy and squealed soils, since they are usually lacking magnesium, and the flour restores it.

It is best to apply it to the limestation of areas where other cultures that grow slowly. The norm of dolomite flour for sour soil is considered to be 0.5-0.6 kg per 1 m². The fertilizer procedure does not differ from the fertilizer of lime.

Did you know? Elevated level Acidness reduces the access of cultures to useful trace elements and increases the number of toxins, and also worsens the structure of the soil.

Plants

In addition to the above methods, it is possible to deoxide the section in the spring and using. The most common similar plant is considered. After planting this level of acidity decreases significantly.