Gooseberry processing in autumn

Gooseberry processing in autumn

Home Gardening Mandatory autumn care for currants, gooseberries, raspberries

Mandatory autumn care for currants, gooseberries, raspberries

The peculiarities of the development of berry bushes are such that they begin to bloom in the spring earlier than other plants in the garden. That is why it is important to carry out the bulk of the work required for them in the fall. Cut off bushes, plant new plants, carry out basic soil care in the middle lane better in autumn.

First, about the soil. They dig it up in the fall in row spacing by 20 centimeters, closer to the bushes - by 7-10. At the same time, fertilizers are closed up for digging. If the farm has enough organic matter - manure, compost, peat, then every 2-3 years it is brought in 12-15 kilograms under the bush. If it has to be completely replaced with mineral fertilizers, then they are given in approximately the following doses: superphosphate 80-120 grams per bush, potassium chloride 30-40 grams. You can replace it with a mineral fruit and berry mixture -300-350 grams.

It is best to apply both mineral fertilizers and organic matter: then both will be more fully assimilated. In this case, the dose of minerals is halved, and 2 kilograms of organic are added per square meter square in a row of bushes.

Organic fertilizers are especially important for raspberries: this culture needs an annual introduction of 2-4 kilograms per square meter.

It is best to apply manure under raspberries. Autumn loosening of the soil is also very important for her: it improves growth conditions and, in addition, contributes to the destruction of wintering pests.

Raspberry branches live only two years: after fruiting, they die off. If the branches that bear fruit are not cut out, they will become a breeding ground for diseases and pests. It is recommended to cut them immediately after harvest, not sparing the last unripe berries. If time is lost, you can carry out this work in the fall. Shoots are cut with pruning shears at the very base, leaving no stumps.

Pruning currants and gooseberries is more complicated. There are many rules here - depending on the variety, age, strength of the bushes, growing conditions.

The main ones are as follows.

In a black currant bush there should be 10-15 main branches, necessarily of different ages: two 5- and 6-year-olds (but not older), the same number of 3- and 4-year-olds, two or three 2- and 1-year-olds. The rest of the branches, and first of all the old ones, are carefully cut out without leaving hemp.

Must appear annually new shoots from the roots - the so-called zero. Of these, three or four of the strongest are left - for the formation of new branches, and the rest are cut out, otherwise the bush will become very thick and weaken. To strengthen the branching of the left shoots, they are slightly shortened. It is useful to prune the tops of the strongest annual branches on older branches: then the berries will be larger.

If you do not carry out such a pruning on black currants, then the bushes will thicken, weaken, the berries will become small, the yields will decrease. It is better to do it annually so as not to run the bushes.

Red and white currants Basically, they are pruned in the same way, but you can leave branches older than six years in the bush, you cannot shorten the lateral branches, and zero shoots should be pruned only if they have very weak or frozen tops.

Most gooseberry varieties even older - 8-10-year-old branches can be left in the bush. It is useful to periodically rejuvenate them: to cut off the aged ends to a strong lateral branching in order to enhance the growth. In the gooseberry bush, there should also not be more than 12-15 main branches, and you also need to take care that young shoots periodically appear for replacement.

From activities to combat pests and diseases for late autumn, only agrotechnical ones remain, and a little earlier, after the last harvest, currant and gooseberry bushes are sprayed with one percent Bordeaux liquid or copper oxychloride (50 grams per 10 liters of water). For raspberries, you can use the following combined composition at this time: copper oxychloride (30 grams per 10 liters of water) and karbofos (20 grams).

When thinning bushes in autumn Sick and pest-infested branches must be removed and burned. Upon close examination, they are clearly visible. For example, in currant, on the cuts of branches, you can see the passages of the glass, in raspberries, the stems affected by didimela are clearly visible: dark spots with a light middle and with dark tubercles, and later - a lightened and flaky bark. Be sure to rake and burn all the fallen leaves: many pests remain on them in the wintering stages. Loosening the soil under the bushes and in the aisles also violates the wintering conditions of pests.

Autumn hilling of currant and gooseberry bushes 6-8 centimeters - with soil, peat, compost - not only insulates the roots, but also helps to get rid of the gooseberry moth. In order to prevent the emergence of this pest from the soil in the spring, the bushes must not be broken up before they bloom.

Abundant autumn soil mulching is also useful for raspberries: it is not hardy enough and will winter better with insulation.

Last autumn work on the berry fields- tying and tying bushes. The currant and gooseberry bushes are tied up, trying to give the branches a vertical position so that the powerful snow cover does not break them.

Raspberry bushes are also tied in bunches, and then carefully bent in arcs, tying the tops of one bush to the base of another. This is done so that non-hardy raspberries winter under the snow. But if the bushes are powerful, and there is little snow and it does not completely cover them, then it makes no sense to bend the raspberries: instead of benefit, it can do harm.

If raspberry bushes are left without bending, then they are tied either to a wire trellis or to stakes. It depends on how the raspberries are grown: tape or bushes.

With the tape method when all replacement shoots and root suckers occupy a continuous strip no more than 60 centimeters wide, a wire is pulled along the tape and the shoots are evenly tied to it.

With the bush method cultivation, when 10-12 strong replacement shoots are left in each bush after pruning, a fan garter is used.

Stakes are driven in between the bushes and half of the shoots from two neighboring bushes are tied to each, evenly distributing them in height. A garter of shoots in bunches is not at all suitable.

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Berry bushes are grown for juicy and healthy fruits, and gooseberries are no exception.

Only high-quality care will help to ensure a good yield for the shrub.

Particular attention should be paid to the berry in the fall, because from quality training gooseberry for winter depends not only on its health, but also on the future harvest.

What kind of care does gooseberries need in the fall?

It all depends on the state of the plant. A shrub that has been tended throughout the season needs minimal maintenance. After all, a healthy plant is capable of independently resisting all diseases and pests, it tolerates cold well. In this case, the main task of the gardener is feeding and thinning the shrub.

If the gooseberry is running, then before the cold weather begins, the following work must be done:

Remove all weeds around the bush;

Clear debris and take out foliage from the site;

Conduct control treatment against pests and diseases;

Dig up the soil under the bushes;

Apply additional fertilizers;

Cut off shoots, thin out the bush;

Mulch the root zone with the onset of cold weather.

Gooseberry care: autumn procedures

It is useful for novice gardeners to know how to prepare gooseberries for winter in stages.

Loosening of row spacings and weeding

The shrub prefers loose soil. Only then can a good harvest be reaped. Weeds must be dealt with throughout the season, preventing them from appearing near the plant.

Important!To deal with weeds do not use herbicides. Weeds are harvested only by hand.

Experienced gardeners advise keeping the soil under the berry in a clean state, planting flowers or lawn grasses... Weeding will also help loosen the soil. It is combined with weed harvesting.

Noticedthat the autumn digging of soil around the bushes helps to cope with a number of diseases and pests. This is due to the fact that pathogens and pest larvae hibernate in the ground, and digging allows them to be raised to the surface, where they die. The procedure should be carried out in late autumn, when frosty weather is established.

Why mulch gooseberries?

If it is not possible to come to the dacha often, then mulch will help to maintain the soil in the desired condition. The need for regular weeding and watering is reduced.

Gooseberries are good for mulching. Humus or matured compost is used as mulch.

These materials serve as additional food for the shrub.

The thickness of the mulch layer depends on the season and the condition of the shrub. Autumn mulch serves as a shelter from frost. Its thickness is 10 cm.

Top dressing gooseberries in the fall

The last autumn feeding is carried out after loosening and digging the soil. It helps replenish the plant's supply of nutrients, which affects yields. During this period, it is advisable to use phosphorus and potash fertilizers. Nitrogen fertilizing is not used in the fall. Mineral fertilizers make according to the scheme:

30 g superphosphate;

20 g of potassium sulfate;

100 g of ash.

This amount of fertilizer is calculated for one bush. Top dressing is applied both in liquid and dry form. Granular fertilizers must be embedded in the soil.

Late autumn watering of the bush

At the stage of preparing gooseberries for winter, one should not forget about late autumn watering. It serves to saturate the berry with moisture. After all, the roots of the plant go deep into the depths. In order for all the moisture to go to the roots of the plant, you need to make grooves along which watering will be carried out. At the same time, water consumption is 30 liters per one bush. Such water-charging irrigation is done at the end of September, but not later than the beginning of October. In the northern regions a little earlier, a month before the onset of frost.

Important!Late watering cannot be neglected. This will reduce the yield of the shrub. Indeed, young shoots, on which fruits are formed, suffer from a lack of moisture.

Pruning gooseberries according to all the rules

When caring for gooseberries and preparing them for winter, it is also important to remember about pruning and thinning the shrub. Its main task is to rid the bush of all unnecessary branches that lead to thickening and disease. You need to remove all the broken, old, sick and growing inside the bush branches. Particular care should be taken to remove the bottom of the shrub. All shoots that lie on the ground are subject to removal.

Formative pruning is carried out in the fall.

A few developed shoots are left on the bush, and the rest are removed at soil level. You also need to cut out all non-fruiting and old shoots. Branches that are too long can be shortened by a third.

Preparing for winter: sheltering the gooseberries

In the conditions of the southern and middle lane, additional shrub cover is not required in addition to mulching. But in the northern regions: in the Urals, in Siberia, this issue needs to be approached thoroughly.

In the conditions of harsh winters, the plant simply will not survive without additional shelter. After all, gooseberries do not tolerate a drop in temperature to -40 degrees. It is not worth hoping for a warm winter and risking shrubs. Gooseberry shoots must be carefully tied with twine and bent to the ground obliquely. Further, the bush is covered with dry leaves or peat. Wooden shields are installed on top and covered with burlap or covering material. When winter comes, the gooseberry is additionally insulated by covering it with snow.

The preparation and shelter of the gooseberry is carried out no later than the end of September, after watering the berry to saturate it with moisture.

In early spring, the shelter from the bush must be removed, the twine must be untied. In a few days, he will take the desired position, straightening the shoots on his own.

Such a gooseberry shelter scheme in the northern regions will help save the plant and increase the yield.

What a gardener needs to know when growing gooseberries

Powdery mildew on gooseberries

Frequent watering of the gooseberry leaves leads to an increase in humidity around the plant, which is a favorable environment for the development of fungal diseases.

Powdery mildew is found on the shoots and fruits of the berry, less often on the leaves. At the initial stage of the lesion, you can notice a thin web, which eventually turns into a felt bloom on the berries. In this case, the leaves of the plant turn yellow ahead of time, the fruits crumble, the yield decreases.

Preventive measures, which are carried out in autumn and spring, will help prevent the disease. The shrub is treated with soda ash. All affected fruits must be destroyed. In autumn, the shrub is sprayed with preparations containing copper. Autumn digging of soil on frozen ground helps well.

Aphids on the leaves

Of the pests, the plant is most often annoyed by aphids. It settles on young shoots and leaves of the plant, which curl up and slow down their growth. As a result, the development of the shrub slows down, the yield decreases.

Aphid colonies settle on the underside of the leaf, where it is easy to spot. Also on the surface of the sheet plate you can see sticky coating left by insects. At the first signs of the appearance of pests, you need to immediately take measures to eliminate it.

If the lesion is not too strong, then use a soapy solution, which is sprayed on the shrub. With a large number of pests, spraying is carried out with chemicals:

Actellik;

Karbofos.

Let's summarize

The gooseberry is a long-lived garden. At proper care it can grow long enough in one place, regularly delighting with a good harvest.

Treatment of gooseberries from diseases and pests

Gooseberries, yoshta, currants. Collecting gooseberries. Organic farming

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Currants and gooseberries, like most cultivated plants, in the process of growth, they are often attacked by insect pests, and also suffer from various fungal diseases. To count on a good harvest of berries, the gardener must carefully monitor the condition of the bushes on his site and timely carry out the necessary treatments aimed at destruction dangerous insects and pathogens.

Before embarking on a preventive or therapeutic treatment of fruit shrubs, one should get to know "enemies by sight" better: deal with those who really threaten plants, by what signs can one recognize the appearance of dangers and what consequences they bear.

The most common diseases of gooseberries and currants:

• Powdery mildew - rapidly developing fungal disease that affects all parts of plants. Its first symptom is a whitish bloom on the stems, later, in infected and untreated bushes, the stems are bent, leaves curl and fruits that have time to set fall off. The disease can kill gooseberries and currants if left untreated.
• Anthracnose is a complex fungal disease that often occurs on gooseberries in heat and high humidity. The first signs of infestation are brownish spots with a brown border on the leaves. The fungus quickly penetrates into all plant organs, hindering their development and limiting the supply of nutrients. Young shoots crack and rot, causing the plant to die.
• Rust is another disease caused by pathogenic fungi. It appears as bright red spots on the ground parts of plants. In the process of growth, the spots become brown and rough, tubercles filled with fungal spores appear on the leaves. The disease does not allow gooseberry fruits to ripen: they crumble from the bush before reaching ripeness.

All of these diseases require a specific approach to their treatment.

The sooner the necessary measures are taken, the higher the likelihood of getting a good harvest of berries in the fall from gooseberries and currants growing in the garden.

Spring processing of gooseberries and currants against pests and diseases

The growing processes in northern berry bushes begin much earlier than in most other horticultural crops, therefore, measures to protect these plants from insects and diseases should be started almost immediately after the onset of the calendar spring.

Boiling water

Spring watering gooseberries and currants hot water helps to destroy the larvae of most pests that have successfully overwintered in fallen leaves and plant residues... Processing is carried out in early March before the leaves bloom. Plain water is brought to a boil, quickly poured into a watering can or a spray bottle (it is important that the temperature does not have time to drop below 80 ° C). The bushes are poured with boiling water from a distance of about 70 cm so that the water hits all the branches. Water consumption 3-5 liters per bush. The same hot water can be used to irrigate the soil in the near-trunk circles: the roots of this treatment should not be afraid, since the ground is still quite cold, and the larvae of pests and spores of fungi "soul" from boiling water will not be able to transfer.

Copper sulfate

Copper sulfate works well against many types of fungi. The substance is not toxic and does not accumulate in berries if used in strict accordance with the instructions. Use it to disinfect the root system of young bushes before planting them in a permanent place. 5 g of the drug is diluted in 10 liters of water, the resulting solution is plentifully watered the soil under the bushes and sprayed on its ground parts (consumption - 1.5 liters per 1 bush).

Bordeaux liquid

The drug protects currants and gooseberries well from many fungal diseases, but negatively affects the taste of berries, so it should be used with caution. The liquid can be prepared at home. This will require copper sulfate, quicklime and plain water:

1. 100 g vitriol is poured into a glass hot water, after a few minutes add another 5 liters of boiling water.
2. 150 g of lime is poured into another container with a volume of at least 10 liters and it is diluted with 5 liters of cool water.
3. A solution of vitriol is very carefully poured into a lime solution.
4. Litmus paper is used to check the readiness of the liquid for processing: blue color indicator indicates a low concentration of the solution, red - high. The first will be ineffective, the second will burn the plant. The concentration of vitriol is regulated by adding lime solution.

The consumption rate of Bordeaux liquid is 1.5-2 liters for the treatment of 1 bush.

Nitrafen

The paste-like agent effectively destroys the larvae of pests and pathogens of most diseases of currants and gooseberries. The drug is toxic and tends to accumulate in berries, therefore it is not recommended to use it on fruit bushes.

Urea (urea)

It is used as a fertilizer, but it also helps protect plants from various dangerous insects (especially aphids). Spring processing currants and gooseberries from pests with urea is carried out by spraying the bushes with a solution of 0.5 kg of the product and 10 liters of water.

Biological preparations

Low toxicity products are not as effective as harsh chemicals, but can be used at all stages of the growing season with the exception of the harvest season.

Fitoverm

A widely used biological product against a complex of insect pests of cultivated plants, incl. aphids, sawflies, leafworms, scale insects, etc.

Lepidocide

An insecticide, safe for humans and animals, used to destroy caterpillars and larvae of all insects harmful to fruit bushes.

Bitoxibacillin

A broad-spectrum insecticidal preparation against caterpillars of sucking and gnawing pests (aphids, currant moths, etc.).

Dendrobacillin

Complex biological product of insecticidal action, destroying larvae and caterpillars of leaf-eating insects.

Trichodermin

A biological agent that effectively suppresses the growth and development of pathogenic fungi and bacteria, as well as providing plants with additional nutrition and supporting their natural immunity.

Chemical based preparations

Severely neglected diseases are difficult to defeat with folk or biological means. How to process gooseberries or currants in such cases? Most likely you will have to use chemicals:

• Topaz or Hom vs. powdery mildew;
• Cuprozan or Chemicin versus anthracnose;
• Fitosporin against most fungal diseases.

All products should be used strictly following the instructions for use.

How to protect gooseberries and currants from common diseases and pests?

The fight against each type of factors that disrupt plant health has its own specifics.

Scab

The main symptom of the disease is velvety olive specks on the leaves of fruit bushes, which gradually grow in size and change color to dark brown. The started fungus spreads to the berries, they also become covered with spots of a light beige shade, later shrivel and rot.

A preventive measure against scab on gooseberries and currants is three times treatment of shrubs with fungicidal preparations according to the instructions (the first - before bud break, the second - on the unfolded leaves, the third - in the fall after harvest).

Powdery mildew

The causative agent of the disease is a pathogenic fungus, the spores of which are easily carried by the wind and germinate very quickly when they hit the bushes. Infected shoots of currants and gooseberries are covered with a whitish bloom. They should be removed and burned immediately so that the disease does not spread further.

Preventive treatments with the following means help protect berry bushes from disease:

1. soap and soda solution: 50 g of soda and soap must be dissolved in 10 liters of water;
2. soap-ash infusion: 1.5 kg of wood ash and 50 g of soap are dissolved in 10 liters of water, insisted before processing for a day;
3. 1% solution of ferrous sulfate;
4. fermented mullein infusion.

Lichen

A gray, green or rusty bloom on the shoots is evidence of a lichen infection of shrubs. The reasons for its appearance are thickened plantings, high humidity, etc. Lichen clogs the pores in the bark, which makes breathing difficult, and various pests also hibernate in it. It is not difficult to overcome such a "neighbor", you just need to remove plaque from the branches with a thick cloth, disinfect with 1% copper sulfate solution and treat each bush with 3% iron sulfate solution. The procedures should be repeated in early spring and late autumn.

Aphid

Dangerous insects settle on bushes of gooseberries, currants, raspberries in numerous colonies and quickly draw out all the juices from the plants. Regular spraying of shoots and leaves with “green” or tar soap, as well as “Fitoverm”, helps to cope with an aphid infestation. Treatments should be repeated every 2-3 weeks, or more often if the infection is severe.

Gall aphid

This pest is more common on red currants. It can be detected by the characteristic swellings of a brick shade that appear on the back of the leaves of shrubs. Control measures for gall aphids are the same as for common aphids.

Sprout aphid

A fast-breeding pest selects the apical parts of the shoots for life. The presence of the insect is betrayed by the unnaturally curling tops of the infected berry bushes. They should be immediately cut off and burned so that new generations of aphids do not have time to hatch. The bushes themselves are regularly treated with "green" soap, ash and soap solution, ground red pepper or Fitoverm (at least once every 2-3 weeks).

Kidney currant mite

This insect is especially dangerous for shrubs in early spring, as it settles in the buds that have not yet opened, gradually destroying them. The diseased kidneys swell up greatly. If there are not many of them on the currants, you urgently need to pluck everything and burn it, then sprinkle the plants with garlic infusion (200 g of ground garlic heads per 1 bucket of warm water, insist for a day) or Fitoverm. Heavily infested bushes will have to be cut out completely so that ticks do not migrate to others.

Shields

An unobtrusive pest sticks to the branches of fruit bushes and merges with the bark. Gradually, he draws out all the juices from the shoots, the bushes wither and dry out. Spraying the branches with a soap-kerosene solution (80 g of soap and 0.5 liters of kerosene per 1 liter of water) helps well from the scale insects. Plants can also be sprayed with Fitoverm from the pest.

Fireflies

These butterflies are most active during the flowering period of currants and gooseberries: they lay eggs on the underside of leaves, and hatched caterpillars damage all terrestrial parts of plants, including berries. Butterflies hibernate in the ground, so in the spring it is better not to let them out at all. For this, the surface of the soil under the bushes, when the snow melts, is covered with dense material, pressing its edges with bricks. Pests who do not get out from under cover die. In the spring, the bushes are also sprayed from moths with Karbofos, Iskra or Bitoxibacillin.

Sawers

Beetles lay their eggs in the green fruits of currants and gooseberries that are beginning to ripen. The caterpillars that appear eat the seeds; as a result, the berries acquire the shade characteristic of the ripeness stage. This "crop" must be collected and burned so that the caterpillars do not have time to go into the ground, otherwise a new, much more numerous generation of sawflies will appear next year. The preparation Fitoverm also helps to destroy the pest.

Folk remedies for the prevention of diseases and insect attacks

Various herbal infusions have a lower efficiency in comparison with special biological and chemical preparations, therefore they are used mainly as prophylactic agents against the defeat of shrubs by diseases and pests.

The most popular are the following formulations:

• Infusion of garlic. Helps protect bushes from scab, rust, aphids and bud mites. To prepare 0.5 kg of garlic arrows or heads, pour 3 liters of boiling water, leave for 3-4 days, then filter and dilute with clean water to a volume of 10 liters.
• Wormwood broth. Helps against moths, aphids, copperheads and other pests. 100 g of dry wormwood leaves are boiled in a water bath for half an hour. Chicken droppings (1 kg per 4 liters of water) are added to the finished broth, the total volume of the liquid is brought to 10 liters with pure water.
• A decoction of tomato tops. The pungent smell scares away almost all pests from the gooseberry. For cooking, take 2-3 kg of fresh leaves, pour 5 liters of water into them, insist 3-4 hours. Then again dilute 5 liters of water and boil in a water bath for 30 minutes. Before use, the broth is diluted in a 1: 4 ratio.
• Tobacco infusion. Effective against pathogenic fungi, moths, kidney mites and other pests. 250 g of dry leaves or tobacco dust are poured into 10 liters of water and left to brew for 3 hours, then the berry bushes are filtered and immediately processed. The tool must be used fresh, since after standing for some time it loses almost all its beneficial properties.

Along with prophylactic spraying of bushes with folk remedies, it is necessary to regularly inspect plants for the timely detection of signs of disease and damage by insects.

Processing time

Preventive work against the spread of dangerous insects and diseases in the garden begins as early as possible. The optimal time for the first treatment is when the kidneys have not yet opened, but the air temperature during the day does not drop below +5 ° C (from mid-March to mid-April). Gooseberry and currant bushes are recommended to be doused with hot water or sprayed with fungicidal preparations.

The following procedure is carried out after flowering, this time using drugs of biological origin or chemical agents... The third treatment is planned in mid-autumn, 2-3 weeks after harvest (fungicides are also used).

Folk prophylactic agents are used throughout the growing season with an interval between treatments from 1 to 3 weeks, depending on the condition of the plants.

Prevention of diseases of horticultural crops

Proper care of the garden and timely treatment of plants with agents that suppress the development of dangerous insects and pathogenic microorganisms help prevent the appearance of pests and diseases on currant and gooseberry bushes.

Caterpillars, insect larvae and fungal spores winter in fallen leaves and grass debris, so after harvesting the soil around the bushes should be well cleaned and deeply loosened.

Prophylactic spraying of horticultural crops is carried out during the entire growing season, depending on the needs and the degree of risk of infection, folk remedies and special preparations are used.

Currants and gooseberries are easily infected with fungal diseases and often suffer from dangerous insects. Competent prevention of the appearance of pests and the development of diseases will not only help preserve the fruits of the current season until they are fully ripe, but will also preserve the health of cultivated plants, thereby providing the gardener with a harvest for years to come.

The currant, and its closest relative, the gooseberry, are among the most popular and beloved by all garden berry crops. Unfortunately, the danger to plants is not only frost and dry summers, from which the bushes can be protected. A much greater threat is posed by pests and various diseases.

Why are berry bushes processed in spring

Any berry shrub is not enough just to plant in order to regularly receive bountiful harvests. After planting, it is the turn of no less, and sometimes more important, plant care activities. One of these procedures is the treatment of fruit bushes from diseases and pests.

Did you know? The largest yields of currants in the world are obtained in Russia, followed by Poland and Germany in terms of the volume of berries grown. In Russia itself, most of the crop of this crop is grown in Siberia.

From pests

Despite the fact that many modern varieties of fruit and berry crops are resistant to pests, insects and arachnids pose a threat to the normal growth and development of most plants. The danger of pests, in addition to eating and destroying the plant and its parts, is the transmission of viruses by insects.

Many pests, before or shortly after fruiting, move from the bush to the soil next to it. In the root area, they hibernate, thus spending the winter. They wake up in the spring, after the soil warms up.

In order to minimize the risk of pests on garden plantings and destroy the larvae already in the garden, carry out the processing in the fall. And to consolidate the results of autumn procedures and the destruction of the remaining larvae, spraying with insecticides and acaricides is repeated in early spring.

From disease

Diseases of garden shrubs are fungal, viral and bacterial. Bacterial, such as root and stem cancer, do not pose a great danger; it makes no sense to use chemical preparations for their treatment. It is quite enough to make feeding on time, the bacteria will die on their own.
Pathogens especially react to superphosphate.

Diseases caused by viruses are also not cured, but for another reason - effective methods there is no cure for such diseases. The only effective way to fight viruses is to remove the affected plant as soon as possible and destroy all its parts outside the garden.

The most common diseases of gooseberries and currants are fungal diseases - they are quite well treated, especially if they were diagnosed early. Fungal diseases include anthracnose, powdery mildew, white spot, rust, septoria, etc.

Did you know?In unripe currant berries, the content of ascorbic acid is 4 times higher than in ripe ones. In overripe fruits, the concentration of vitamin C is even lower.

Spring processing from possible diseases carried out in order to prevent the development of the disease, to destroy the spores of fungi left over from the last season. Processing is carried out most often in early spring, before the start of active sap flow, that is, before bud break.

Preparation of tools and security measures

For effective and safe processing of plants, you should properly prepare for the event. Do not forget that you will be dealing with dangerous poisons.

The procedure is performed using a spray bottle, a watering can (sprinkling method), a special fine mesh sieve (dusting). Depending on the size of the bush and the concentration of the solution, 1–1.5 liters of the preparation are usually used to treat one plant.

You will need personal protective equipment to handle your plants. It is best, of course, to use a chemical protection suit, but not everyone has one, so for the procedure, take those things that can be found in any home:

• robe;
• headdress;
• mask;
• respirator;
• glasses;
• apron;
• shoes ( a good option- rubber boots).

After processing, clothes and shoes should be washed under running water.

From the tools you will need:

• a container for preparing a solution (it should not be used for any other purpose anymore);
• watering can;
• spray;
• dusting sieve;
• secateurs, to remove previously unseen parts of plants that need to be cut.

In addition, you must remember about some of the rules for the preparation of solutions:

• make the treatment tool in accordance with the instructions;
• before preparing the drug, read in detail the instructions that come with it, and the precautions indicated in it;
• make such an amount of solution so that it is enough for one procedure, there should not be any excess;
• ampoules and vials of drugs must be buried to a depth of at least 35–40 cm, away from water bodies;
• prepare the product near the treatment site in the open air, in overalls, a mask and special glasses that reliably protect the eyes;
• in case of accidental contact with the skin or eyes, wash off with more and more water (unless otherwise specified in the instructions);
• in case of inhalation of vapors or ingestion of drugs, drink activated charcoal (1 tablet per 10 kg of body weight) or pink solution of potassium permanganate and consult a doctor.

Did you know? The currant owes its Latin name "ribas" to the Arabs, who so called their beloved rhubarb. During the Reconquista period, the Arabs who conquered Spain did not find the plant they adored there, and so called the berries that vaguely resemble it in taste.

Treatment of berry bushes from pests

First of all, the shrubs should be prepared for the upcoming procedure. Regardless of what drugs you will be treating the plant, you must first do the following manipulations with it:

1. Delete all old branches.
2. Cut off dead, dry, damaged and diseased branches and leaves.
3. Cut off shoots that will no longer bloom.

For the treatment of fruit shrubs, one type of preparations is used, or tank mixtures are used - agents of universal action.

Application of funds different types action contributes to a more comprehensive solution to the problem. Do not forget that the timely introduction of fertilizing significantly enhances the immunity, and, consequently, the resistance of the culture to diseases, its resistance to pests.

Important!When compiling tank mixes, their compatibility must be taken into account. If, when preparing a protective product, you observe chemical reaction(release of heat or gases, active bubbling, etc.) or precipitation, treatment with such a solution will not have the desired effect, but it can be harmful.

Treatment of plants with fungicides and insecticides can be of the following types:

• preventive, in order to prevent disease outbreaks and pest attacks;
• medicinal, the main purpose of which is the destruction of pathogens, insects and arachnids;
• point, in which only the affected part of the bush is treated.

An approximate schedule for spraying currants and gooseberries (if there are no separate instructions) is as follows:

Fungicides are used for the prevention and treatment of fungal diseases. Such diseases include powdery mildew, anthracnose, white and purple spots, goblet and columnar rust, drying out of shoots, gray rot, etc.

The table below shows the means of combating diseases caused by fungi, their dosage and processing characteristics.

A drug	Dosage	Processing features
Bordeaux mixture	solution 1%	The first treatment is before bud break, immediately after the snow melts. Repeated procedure - when the buds appear. The last spraying is carried out 14-16 days before harvesting.
Copper sulfate	solution 20 g / 10 l of water	During the entire growing season, starting in March, the last time is 2 weeks before the start of fruiting.
Speed	2 ml / 10 l	Throughout the growing season. It is ineffective against moniliosis (fruit rot), in this case "Skor" is alternated with the preparation "Horus". In case of powdery mildew, alternate with Topaz.
Ridomil Gold	25 g / 10 l	In early spring, before the buds swell.
"Arcerid"	30 g / 10 l	The first treatment - before the start of active sap flow, no more than four procedures per growing season.
"Topaz"	2 ml / 10 l	During the entire growing season, when the first symptoms of the disease appear, but no more than four times per season. The last spraying is carried out no later than 2 weeks before harvest. Preventive treatment is carried out during the formation of the first inflorescences and after the flowering of the culture.
HOM	40 g / 10 l	From the beginning of the growing season, every 10-14 days. The last time is 2 weeks before harvest.
Tiovit-Jet	30 g / 10 l	Spraying at intervals of 7-14 days. If the weather is rainy, the procedure is performed once a week, with normal rainfall - every two weeks.

Insecticides

Insecticides - preparations for the control of insect pests, acaricides are designed to destroy ticks, which belong to the Arachnid family. Most of the drugs listed below are effective against both insects and ticks, being, in fact, insectoacaricides.

Important!All biological products must be used within two hours after preparation, otherwise they will lose their effectiveness.

A drug	Dosage	Processing features
"Karbofos"	60 g / 10 l of water	Insecticide of contact-intestinal action, is used at the first signs of the appearance of pests. The first time they are used when the daytime temperature rises to +12 ... + 15 ° С, again - after 2 weeks.
"Aktara"	1.4 g / 10 l	The first treatment is before flowering, the second after harvest.
"Actellik"	10 ml / 10 l	The drug belongs to insectoacaricides, is effective, including against ticks. Applied before the start of active sap flow and after harvesting. If necessary, in the spring, repeat the treatment after 2 weeks, but no later than 15-17 days before harvesting.
Iskra-M	10 ml / 10 l	Apply before budding or after harvesting

Biologicals

Biologicals are milder than chemicals. This circumstance is, on the one hand, their advantage, on the other hand, a disadvantage. Due to the fact that such products do not have a strong toxic effect, they can be used with the least precautions.

It is permissible to use biological products shortly and even during the fruiting period. But due to the mild effect of biological agents, they are effective only in the early stages of the disease.
Biological products are bacterial (the main effect is due to microorganisms and their metabolic products) and fungal (they act due to fungal spores).

Biological products are bacterial (the main effect is due to microorganisms and their metabolic products) and fungal (they act due to fungal spores).

According to their intended use, they are divided into:

• biofungicides (against fungal diseases);
• bioinsecticides / bioacaricides / bioinsectoacaricides (against insects and arachnids).

A drug	Dosage	Application features
Fitosporin-M	according to instructions	Biofungicide is used throughout the growing season, 3-4 times every 2 weeks.
"Lepidocide"	20-30 g / l	The insecticide is used for the entire growing season, repeated treatment 1–1.5 weeks after the first.
"Bitoxibacillin"	25 g / l	Insectoacaricide is an analogue of "Lepidocide", only with a broader spectrum of action. Application features are the same.
"Trichodermin"	150 ml / 10 l	A biofungicide, a feature of which is the ability to use even in the rain, since the drug adheres very well to the surface. Apply 3-4 times every two weeks.
"Dendrobacillin"	according to instructions	The insecticide is applied once during budding, 2-3 times during fruit ripening.
Fitoverm	20 ml / 10 l	Insectoacaricide is used throughout the growing season as needed (if pests are detected).

Traditional methods

There is quite a large number of traditional methods of treating diseases of fruit shrubs, as well as getting rid of pests. Below we will talk about the most popular remedies that have proven their effectiveness.

Baking soda... Treatment of fruit crops with a solution of soda against powdery mildew. Prepare the solution as follows:

1. Dissolve 2 tbsp in two liters of water. l. soda and 1 tbsp. l. any liquid detergent (for dishes, etc.).
2. Plants are treated with the resulting solution every 7-10 days before sunrise or after sunset, until the fungus is completely destroyed.

Spraying with this product shows good results in the fight against fruit rot and aphids. The solution against fruit rot is prepared as follows:

1. Dissolve 10 ml of iodine (5%) in 10 liters of water.
2. Spraying of plantings is carried out every 20 days.

A means for combating aphids is done like this:

1. Mix 100 ml of warm milk, 0.5 ml of iodine and 1 liter of water.
2. Spray the planting every 10 days.

Boiling water... With the help of this tool, insect larvae and fungal spores are destroyed. Treatment with boiling water is used only during the dormant period of the plant - before the start of active sap flow in the spring or in the fall after the foliage is shed. Each stem must be scalded with boiling water.

Important! The temperature of the water used for irrigating plants should not exceed 80° C. On average, one bucket of boiling water is needed for one bush.

Spraying with the drug is carried out to destroy aphids. The procedure is performed in the following order:

1. Mix 50 ml ammonia and 50 g of grated laundry soap (72%) with 10 liters of water.
2. Spray the planting once per growing season.

Garlic water. Spraying with infusion of leaves or fruits of garlic helps to expel ticks and aphids from plants.
Prepare the solution as follows:

1. Chop the garlic cloves (400 g), stir in one bucket of water.
2. Chop 100 g of green garlic leaves, pour into a bucket of water and garlic teeth, let it brew for two days.
3. After the specified time, strain the infusion, spray it with plantings of gooseberries and currants.

Infusion of tobacco. Most pests cannot tolerate nicotine solution. Prepare the product as follows:

1. Pour tobacco dust (0.4 kg) with 10 liters of warm water, stir.
2. Let it brew for 50–55 hours, drain.
3. Before spraying, the solution is diluted with water in equal parts, add detergent(1 tbsp. L. / 1 ​​l of the finished product).
4. Spraying is carried out, starting in early spring, once a week.

Infusion of celandine. The acids and alkaloids contained in the plant are able to effectively fight against most pests.

Prepare the infusion in this way:

1. Dig up 4 celandine shrubs from the root during the flowering period.
2. Chop the plant finely, pour 10 liters of water, let it brew for 1/2 hour.
3. After the infusion turns dark orange in color, you can use it.

In addition to being effective against many pests, it is able to prevent the development of some diseases in the early stages (powdery mildew, rust, spotting).

Preparation of infusion:

1. Dissolve mustard powder (100 g) in 10 liters of boiling water. Let it brew for a day.
2. Dilute in equal parts with soapy water before use.

Green soap. The product is prepared from potassium salt, vegetable and animal fats and water. Green soap is quite effective against aphids, ticks, sawfly. It works well as a prophylaxis against powdery mildew and rust.

Important! Green soap reinforces the effect of previously applied insecticides to kill pests.

As a result of treatment with the agent, a film is formed on the surface of the sheet plate. This film does not allow fungal spores to penetrate into the leaf, and also hinders the vital activity of pests. Green soap can be mixed with mustard or tobacco powder.

Ash is a valuable potassium-phosphorus supplement, in addition, it is able to suppress the vital activity of pests. The fact is that water solution ash is an alkali that aphids, fireflies, sawflies cannot tolerate. An effective remedy for the prevention of powdery mildew.

Prepare the infusion as follows:

1. Dissolve 0.4 kg of sifted ash in one bucket of water (+65 ... + 75 ° C).
2. Insist the solution for 50–55 hours, add 2-3 tbsp. l. detergent.
3. Spray the bushes thoroughly from all sides. You can add mustard powder or tobacco dust to the infusion.

A universal remedy against most pests and fungal diseases. To prepare the solution, you will need the following ingredients:

• birch tar - 30 ml (one bottle);
• fir oil - 30 ml;
• ammonia - 30 ml;
• iodine solution (5%) - 25 ml;
• boric acid - 10 g;
• warm water - 5 l.

Video: mixture against diseases and pests

To process gooseberries, black and red currants, and other garden shrubs, you need to mix all the ingredients and spray the plantings.

Errors in the spring processing of gooseberries and currants

Among the most common mistakes common to both beginners and experienced gardeners, the following can be distinguished:

1. Treatment of plants with insecticides during flowering. Carrying out the procedure at this stage of the growing season can lead to the accumulation of toxins in the bud, which makes the fruit unusable.
2. Processing in rainy, sunny and windy weather. Rain can wash away drugs, wind can blow away, and the sun's rays can cause burns.
3. Failure to comply with the proportions of the solution during its preparation. A solution of weak concentration may be ineffective, a remedy with increased content active substance can not only harm the plant, but also lead to its death.

Spring processing of gooseberries and currants from pests and diseases is an extremely important and necessary procedure. If you want to see your plants healthy and regularly get a bountiful harvest, you need to carry out the appropriate measures on time and in full accordance with the instructions.

On their summer cottages gardeners grow many berry bushes including different kinds currants, gooseberries, raspberries, and an important condition for obtaining a rich and high-quality harvest of fruits is the fight against uninvited guests. Treatment of currant and gooseberry bushes with special solutions allows not only to save plantings from diseases and pests, but also to prevent their appearance.

Treatment of currant and gooseberry bushes from pests and diseases

Every year it becomes more difficult to get healthy quality berries of currants and gooseberries, since pests attack these berry bushes with a vengeance. We have to constantly improve methods and techniques to combat them, as well as develop new means for processing currant and gooseberry bushes. After all, many insects tolerate well winter conditions, and the onset of spring gives them a signal to reproduce, thereby increasing the danger to fruit bushes. Currants and gooseberries should be processed using various decoctions and infusions, and only in the absence of a positive result should one resort to the use of chemical protection measures. In order to significantly reduce the number of pests in the country garden, it is recommended to carry out a set of procedures for caring for currants and gooseberries during the year, in compliance with the agricultural technology of their cultivation. The processing of the bushes should be carried out in compliance with safety measures, otherwise, by destroying harmful insects and diseases, the entire crop can be destroyed.

With the onset of spring, fruit bushes should be carefully examined for the presence of diseased, dry and damaged branches. It is imperative to free the plant from them, and it is also recommended to cut the tops of the frozen shoots to healthy buds. It is known that the main wintering place for garden pests is fallen leaves, which they leave with the onset of spring and begin an active process of their life. That is why all fallen leaves should be collected in heaps and burned, the same should be done with cut branches.

For many insects, the wintering place is the soil, in the depths of which they hid from frost. With the onset of heat, ash should be scattered around the shrubs and slightly dug up the ground between them, which will destroy the nests of many pests, as well as destroy their larvae. An important condition getting a good harvest is the spring processing of currant and gooseberry bushes from various insects.

How to protect currants from kidney mites

With the arrival of spring, upon careful examination of the currant bush, you can find many dried brown buds, from which many gardeners are trying to free the plant. Many of them naively believe that in this way, together with a dry kidney, they destroy the tick that was in them. However, this opinion is erroneous, since for its growth and development the tick prefers young, blossoming buds. The habitation of this pest inside healthy buds gradually leads to their deformation and loosening, and inside them you can find the remains of mutilated leaves. Of course, in the future, such a bud cannot grow and develop well, it dies off, which, as a result, will affect the harvest.

A huge number of mites can accumulate in one kidney, therefore, as they grow, it becomes cramped for them, and they begin to spread along the rest of the kidneys. As a result of such a relocation, even such an unpleasant viral disease, like terry, which is characterized by the formation of thin needles instead of fruits.

There are several methods of dealing with this insect, which are successfully used by summer residents - gardeners in early spring:

• with a small number of affected kidneys, you just need to cut them off and burn them. If everyone on the bush is affected, either large quantity buds, then such a plant is best cut off completely and also burned;
• after removing diseased kidneys from the currant, the shrub can be treated with a special solution prepared from 300 grams of mashed garlic, 200 grams of onion husks, 10 grams of mustard powder and 20 grams of birch tar. We mix all the ingredients with each other in a large container, fill it with a bucket of water, followed by infusion for a day. Filter the prepared infusion and use it to process currant bushes;
• another simple and affordable way to combat ticks is to treat the plant with boiling water before the buds begin to swell on the bush, without any harm to the latter;
• before the beginning of the flowering period, the berry can be treated with a suspension of colloidal sulfur by diluting 75 grams of the drug in a bucket of water;
• from commercially available chemicals, you can use a solution of fufanon or karate, treating the plants until the buds swell and flowers appear.

Ways to get rid of currants and gooseberries from shoot aphids

Another unpleasant guest of the summer cottage garden is the shoot aphid, which affects the shoots and leaves of currants and gooseberries. As a result of its vital activity, the growth and appearance of young shoots is disturbed, their curvature occurs, and the leaves also begin to curl. The main place of localization of these pests is inner side leaf, and on its upper side, a swelling of yellow or bright red color is formed. To combat aphids, gardeners use the following techniques and tools:

• if damaged young shoots and leaves are found, they should be cut off and burned, which will save the shrub itself from further reproduction of this harmful insect;
• the aphid categorically does not tolerate the smell of geranium, therefore, for prevention purposes, you can put a pot with this plant near the gooseberry and currant bushes;
• in early spring, it is possible to process fruit crops with a 3% nitrafen solution, which will allow the destruction of hibernating eggs;
• from chemicals for the treatment of gooseberry and currant bushes, we must use a solution of chlorophos, prepared from 20 grams of the drug and 10 liters of water. Strengthens the effect of chlorophos solution by adding 30 grams of karbofos to it;
• a good effect is given by scalding the branches with boiling water, and processing with fufanon before budding on currants and gooseberries;
• we attract a solution of dandelion, tobacco or ash with soap to the processing of damaged tops of shrubs. Dandelion infusion: pour 10 liters of hot water about 400 grams of crushed leaves and roots of the plant, set aside to infuse for 3 - 4 hours, after which we spray.
  Ash infusion: pour 200 - 300 grams of ash with boiling water and insist for a day. Then we filter the finished solution, add 40-50 grams of crushed soap and process the bushes.
  To prepare a solution from laundry soap, approximately 100 g of soap should be cut and diluted with a small amount of hot water. Add another 8 - 10 liters of water to the resulting mixture and process the currants and gooseberries.

How to protect shrubs from glass

Often, during a spring inspection of currants, you can find branches, inside which there is a snow-white caterpillar with a brown head. This is a glass jar with a unique ability to destroy up to half of the entire crop. In the moves made by her, butterflies are actively developing, in their own way outward appearance resembling wasps with lilac wings. They begin to actively leave their holes at the end of the flowering and fruit formation period, while laying eggs in various damaged areas of the bark. From these eggs, after about 2 weeks, caterpillars will appear, which, like their predecessors, eat up the core of the branches, heading further to the base of the currant or gooseberry bushes.

In addition to removing and cutting off branches damaged by caterpillars, it is necessary to process currants and gooseberries with such biological preparations as lepidocid, fitoverm or bitoxibacillin. Of the chemical control agents, such agents as fufanon, kemifos, kinmix give a good effect, the treatment with which should be carried out after the end of the flowering period. It is quite difficult to get rid of this pest, since it is localized inside the branches of shrubs. That is why you should especially carefully choose the planting material for currants or gooseberries, carefully examining each branch.

Scabbard Fight

The main harm caused by scabies to fruit shrubs is the suction of sap from plants and the release of a sticky liquid, which leads to the drying out of the branches and the death of young plantings. The main remedy for combating this pest is to process currants and gooseberries with ordinary soap solutions, to which many gardeners also add kerosene. To prepare this product for 1 liter of water, we use laundry soap - 70 grams and kerosene - half a teaspoon. The resulting solution should be used to treat the branches of currants and gooseberries affected by the scabbard. This remedy is also effective for getting rid of other types of harmful insects, since many of them react negatively to the smell of kerosene.

Processing of currants and gooseberries for various diseases

The most common plant disease in which small brown spots appear on the leaves is anthracnose. With this disease, the leaves of the gooseberry and currant acquire a brown color, begin to dry out and soon fall off. The main place of localization of anthracnose is the underside of the leaves, as well as the parts of the shrub closest to the ground.

The main remedy for combating this disease is Bordeaux liquid, which is best processed before the young leaves appear. When anthracnose is detected, there is already enough late date, we treat currant and gooseberry bushes with phytosporin, acrobat, previcur and other fungicides.

A good effect is obtained by treating fruit shrubs with 1% Bordeaux liquid, as well as a 3% solution of copper sulfate, to obtain which 300 grams of the drug should be diluted in 10 liters of water. It is advisable to carry out processing with these agents in the evening.

Another unpleasant phenomenon for summer residents - gardeners is the defeat of currant and gooseberry bushes with powdery mildew. The leaves of plants affected by this disease become covered with a white bloom, reminiscent of scattered flour. The causative agent of powdery mildew is a fungus, the spores of which are very quickly carried by the wind and, falling on the fruit shrub, immediately germinate. We fight this disease by removing infected shoots and leaves, as well as processing currant and gooseberry bushes with special means:

• a solution of soda ash and soap, for the preparation of which 50 grams of each ingredient is dissolved in 10 liters of warm water;
• treatment of plants with a 15% solution of colloidal sulfur after flowering;
• the use of slurry infusion, which is prepared from manure and water in a ratio of 1 to 3. After mixing them together, we infuse the solution for 3 days, after which, adding 3 more parts of water, filter and process the shrubs;
• irreplaceable foundation, 15 ml of which we dissolve in 10 liters of water, and copper sulfate.

A good effect is obtained by processing not only fruit bushes, but also the soil around them. This is because the soil is home and refuge for many harmful insects. Care should be taken to treat berries with chemicals, since damage is caused not only to pests and diseases of the garden, but also to beneficial microorganisms.

Compliance with agricultural techniques for growing currants and gooseberries, as well as taking timely measures to combat pests and diseases of the garden will allow you to forget about these unpleasant guests forever and enjoy the taste and aroma of fresh berries, in compote (here), jam. Gooseberries and currants are considered a very nutritious product, so the invested effort will pay off with the usefulness of the grown berries.