Additional artificial lighting of flowers and plants in the apartment. Shade-loving indoor plants Houseplants that do not require light

If we consider plants from the point of view of their "relationship" to light, then they are usually divided into three categories:

- light-loving plants

- shade-tolerant plants

- Shade indifferent plants.

Houseplants, usually are light-loving, therefore, they develop most optimally if there is full lighting in the room. In addition, plants also differ in different shade tolerance.

All plants can adapt to a certain extent to changing conditions throughout their life. So, certain types of plants perfectly adapt to a large amount of light or a lack of it. However, there are many plant species for which it is very important to provide precisely defined lighting parameters.

By adapting to too little light, the plant gradually changes its appearance. Its leaves take on a dark green hue, their size becomes larger. Internodes the stems stretch out and become less durable, and some plants, without enough light, stop blooming altogether. All these phenomena are a consequence of a decrease in the production of photosynthetic products, which are necessary for building the plant's body.

At the same time, excess light can cause partial destruction of chlorophyll. As a result, the leaves take on a yellow-green hue. If there is too much light, plants develop more slowly, and as a result, they are distinguished by short internodes, as well as short and wide leaves. In such circumstances, it is important to take the necessary measures in time and ensure the correct, appropriate lighting for plants.

Plants that perceive light in a neutral manner will flower if they have been growing for a long time under sufficient light. For such plants, it is important that the room is lit for at least about eight hours, ideally, bright light should be present from twelve to sixteen hours. Each plant species has its own characteristics and, accordingly, its own "attitude" to light.

If you grow light-loving plants, then keep in mind that the length of daylight hours for them should be from 13 to 15 hours. Only by receiving a sufficient amount of light, such a plant forms an ovary and later blooms. At the same time, lighting can be both natural and well-equipped artificial. It is important to take into account that an excess of lighting cannot be allowed in this case. To light-loving plants include balsam, saintpaulia, pelargonium, calceolaria, epiphyllum, gloxinia, primrose, coleus, cineraria, bellflower, equifolia, stephanotis.

For shade-loving plants in full, it is sufficient to provide a day of light with a duration of 12 to 14 hours of light. If you follow this approach for 8-10 weeks, then the ovary will first appear on the plants, and then they will bloom. Among shade-loving plants most often, indoor flower lovers grow Kalanchoe, Tradescantia, begonias, poinsettia, azaleas, zygocactus.

In order for plants to grow and develop normally, it is important to provide them with additional light sources in winter period... Plants that grow in partial shade require additional lighting only if they are located too far from windows and, therefore, from natural lighting. In this case, an illumination of 1000 to 3000 lux is recommended.

What are lumens and suites?

For plants that thrive in ambient light, lighting in the 3,000 - 4,000 lux range is suitable.

Those plants that like the direct rays of the sun require that they be provided with illumination at the level of 4000 - 6000 lux.

But when growing exotic plants, especially powerful lighting is needed: 6000 - 12000 lux. Light is especially important for those plants that bear fruit. However, even the most unpretentious plants can die over time if the length of daylight hours is constantly violated. Without light, the only source of energy for the plant, the plant cannot develop and function properly. Therefore, if you are using artificial lighting, then it is advisable to use electronic timer that will turn the plant light on and off at the same time. In insufficient light, the color of the leaves will initially change, the brightness of their pattern will be lost. The lower leaves of the plant gradually fall off, the flowers of such specimens are smaller. As a consequence of all these phenomena, the growth of the plant stops completely, and its death occurs. It should be noted that young plants will always be more susceptible to insufficient lighting, because more mature specimens have a developed root system in which certain reserves of nutrients are stored. Therefore, such a plant can withstand several months of unsuitable conditions for it.

In insufficient light, the color of the leaves will initially change, the brightness of their pattern will be lost. The lower leaves of the plant gradually fall off, the flowers of such specimens are smaller. As a consequence of all these phenomena, the growth of the plant stops completely, and its death occurs. It should be noted that young plants will always be more susceptible to insufficient lighting, because more mature specimens have a developed root system in which certain reserves of nutrients are stored. Therefore, such a plant can withstand several months of unsuitable conditions for it.

At the same time, violation of the optimal light mode for shade-loving plants there will be too much light. So, if the rays of the sun fall on the leaves of such a plant for too long a period of time, then, as a result, a light burn may appear on the leaves, and in some cases the plant dies.

There are also plant species that develop optimally only when observing the frequency of daylight hours. Consequently, not only excessive or insufficient illumination is possible as violations of the light regime.

So, in the latitudes of our country, the light period is from 12 to 16 hours a day. For example, for those plants native to the tropics, a twelve-hour daylight period will be the most comfortable for development.

With chronic deficiency light in plants various defects appear during the growth process. First of all, in a plant with a total deficit of light, new young shoots appear, the leaves on young shoots grow pale, they gradually decrease in size, and the internodes of the plants stretch out.

For example, a gourmet monstera in a similar situation forms at the stage early development leaves not completely cut. After a certain time, the plant already grows large leaves and as a result, its decorative appearance deteriorates.

In Coleus, the degree of saturation of the color of the leaves may suffer if the quality of lighting is unsatisfactory. In poor, insufficient lighting, the plant stem is exposed from below, the brightness of the color becomes much worse. The latter is also typical for episode, dracaena, cordilina, caladium. In this case, the best option would be light of a diffused nature, moderately bright.

To protect plants from premature death and provide them with a comfortable regime, it is important to take care of additional lighting. Additional lighting must be installed, adhering to a number of rules. Most of the plants feel comfortable enough and, accordingly, develop well under illumination from 500 to 2000 lux. Therefore, when choosing a lamp, these requirements must be taken into account. With a competent approach, even in places where the lighting is insufficient, you can create real living corners using high-quality artificial lighting. In artificial lighting, such an indicator as lumen is very important. Lumen determines how much light energy comes out of the projector. This figure will tell you about the potential of the projector, however, nothing will be known about the brightness of the image. Lumens are extremely difficult to measure. More methods make it possible to measure the screen illumination (in lux). Adequate luminous flux can be calculated using a certain formula:

When creating additional lighting for plants, you should definitely pay attention to several important factors.

First of all, it is important to know that phototropism is inherent in plants. This term refers to the reaction of the plant to the direction in which the light falls. Artificial lighting, like natural lighting, must necessarily fall from above. If this convention is met, then the plants will not spend additional energy to change the position of the leaves in relation to the light source. Unlike plants, which are illuminated from the side, in the case of a light source from above, the plants will be less curved. For adults, well-developed plants, daylight hours should be no more than twelve hours a day. If the daylight hours are longer, then the flowering of plants may be disrupted, respectively, the plant will no longer fully bloom and bear fruit. If you are growing seedlings, then the lighting in this case should be equally intense throughout the day. Such a regime is important until the plant begins to germinate and stretches out a little. Then, the daylight hours gradually decrease: at first, the light remains for 16 hours a day, later - up to 14 hours.

If you are growing seedlings, then the lighting in this case should be equally intense throughout the day. Such a regime is important until the plant begins to germinate and stretches out a little. Then, the daylight hours gradually decrease: at first, the light remains for 16 hours a day, later - up to 14 hours.

For the right choice lighting in winter is important to consider temperature regime in room. Thus, plants from the tropics, which are thermophilic, require only a slight decrease in temperature and a slight decrease in light intensity in winter. All other plants in winter require a decrease in the intensity of lighting only under the condition of cool temperatures (5-15 degrees C). And flowers that completely lose their leaves can winter in the dark and at temperatures of 0-5 degrees.

Signs of excess light

The plant is weakened: pale leaves blackening of the leaves.

Leaves are covered with yellow spots, either pinpoint or extensive

The crown becomes compacted, stiff, the appearance of burns on the leaves, slow plant growth

The leaves become brittle, curl, the life of the plant will be shortened

The leaf stalks become short, bend

The plant deviates from the light source

Signs of a lack of light

Rows of leaves will grow widely, at large intervals, the soil will be visible

Cuttings of leaves are disproportionately long, bend, turn to be closer to the light.

The leaves will unfold like a fan, the stem is exposed, the brightness decreases

Tilting the plant towards the light source

Plants will try to stretch upwards, there will be no flowering

The plant looks weak, pale.

Rapid dying off of the lower leaves

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If the plant lacks nutrition, then this dramatically affects its development. In itself, the phenomenon of failure nutrients best avoided and much easier in hydroponics. The main thing is to determine in time what is missing in your solution, before the consequences become sad.

For novice gardeners, or people on frequent trips, the most unpretentious are perfect houseplants, a list of which we have provided below.

Surely many have encountered the problem of dried flowers in a pot. And the gardener is not always to blame. Frequent traveling or working moments do not allow to add or fertilize the plant in time.

On hot days, many indoor flowers need regular spraying, which is sometimes quite difficult to implement, some varieties are sprayed 2-3 times a day, while others are very demanding on sunlight and must be constantly shaded at lunchtime.

Office workers simply do not have time for this, but they want a beautiful bloom, especially for purifying the air in places where computer equipment and working personnel are concentrated. Leaving on weekends, the office closes, and there is simply no one to care for the plants.

Even in their own homes, not everyone has enough time to constantly take care of the green space, let alone the weekly trips.

Lovers of a home green garden begin to independently select for themselves and grow one flower after another until they find suitable species.

In this article, we will try to speed up and simplify your efforts and provide the most unpretentious indoor plants, as well as abundantly flowering varieties.

The main requirements for unpretentious plants: rare watering, sometimes fertilizing, not regularly watering, not mandatory spraying and not picky about humidity and special temperature indicators, and most importantly, maximum flowering and decorativeness.

Many people thought that such indoor plants do not exist, alas, among the many species, we have selected the top 20 of which you can choose to your liking.

Dracaena

Dracaena is an unpretentious plant of the agave family. There are variegated and solid green leaves. Variegated varieties require increased lighting in contrast to monochromatic green varieties growing in the shade.

Approximate watering 1-2 times a week. If you forget to water, the dracaena will perfectly tolerate the dry climate for 7-10 days. They are kept for decorative foliage. Provide moderate temperatures and ambient light and the plant will grow happily ever after. Does not need a regular transplant.

One of the drawbacks is the strong smell, sometimes people cannot stand it, and you have to expose the pot to the open air. The temperature of the content is 10-27 degrees.

Ficus

Tall ornamental plant. Ficus is unpretentious in care, but depending on the variety, there are a number of difficulties. There are tall species up to 3 m in height and completely dwarf ones not exceeding 15-20 cm. At home, they are kept for the sake of decorative leaves and purifying the air. The flowering is shallow and not valuable. Ficus leaves are medicinal, they are used to treat skin diseases.

Water as the top layer of the soil dries, 1-2 times a week. With the onset of winter, watering is significantly reduced. From time to time, the leaves are wiped from dust.

There are some care difficulties described in the ficus section, but dealing with them does not bring much trouble.

There are many varieties and each has its own characteristics and differences.

Aloe

One of the most popular indoor plants thanks to medicinal juice leaves. Powerful stem leaves are able to store a lot of moisture, like other succulents.

In addition to medicinal properties, the plant is not whimsical in care, does not need spraying and frequent watering. In the summer they watered once a week, in the winter once a month. Transplanted about once every 3 years. Grows well in dry climates.

Of the shortcomings - it is afraid of direct sunlight. Aloe can grow both on the windowsill and in the middle of the room.

In medicine, only one variety of Aloe Vera is used. Average growth. In winter, the minimum temperature is 10 degrees, in summer it can withstand up to 27 degrees.

Crassula

Crassula is often called the "money tree" and is a very popular plant among gardeners. It grows well on windowsill and can withstand direct sunlight. There is another name - "bastard", because from the Tolstyanov family. Growth is slow, therefore, replant the tree as needed if the pot is too small.

It blooms with small white flowers. Fertilize once a month in the summer. It perfectly tolerates dry air and does not need to be sprayed. If you forget to water, it's okay, the fleshy leaves contain enough moisture for your entire vacation.

Among the disadvantages: it is afraid of abundant and frequent watering and requires a properly selected soil made of perlite and vermiculite sand, which is well permeable to moisture and breathable.

Monstera

Monstera is a perennial ornamental plant with large feathery leaves. There are species with a solid color of leaves and variegated. A fairly unpretentious plant, with the exception of shading from the direct rays of the sun. Monstera grows rather slowly, and it is transplanted no more than once every 4 years. The leaves reach a length of 1 m, in the middle with cuts, for the sake of which they contain a green beauty.

There is practically no flowering.

And in a little finicky to watering and temperature. At temperatures below 12 degrees, growth stops. The optimal mode is 20-22 degrees. Watering is not often, after the top layer of the substrate dries, but insufficient watering has a negative effect on the plant. In winter, with the onset of cold weather, the monster is watered no more than 1 time a week, and sometimes 2 times a month.

Asparagus

Asparagus is a family of asparagus. An unpretentious plant and is suitable for a novice gardener. The flowers are small and inconspicuous, the plant is kept for the sake of decorative leaves. There are many varieties and forms that are radically different from each other.

Watered sparingly, after the top layer of the earth dries out, if you forgot to water, it's not scary, the plant will have a sufficient supply of moisture.

But still there are drawbacks: you will have to replant once a year. It does not need mandatory spraying, but it loves very much, especially on hot days. It prefers bright diffused light, but it can grow in the shade floor, but you should beware of direct sunlight.

Fertilizer in the summer is applied once a week, in winter once a month is enough.

Aspidistra

Aspidistra is another unpretentious houseplant often found in offices and greenhouses.
Temperature indicators do not matter, the main thing is that the temperature does not fall below 3-5 degrees. Water about once a week. There is no flowering at home, it is kept for the sake of ornamental greenery. The transplant is carried out if necessary, and given the slow growth, no more than once every 3-5 years.

The height does not exceed 70 cm and grows well on windowsills, but with the condition of shading in the summer from direct sunlight.

Some varieties grow well in the shade.

One condition - do not overmoisten the substrate and the plant will grow for you for a long time.

Nolina Bocarnea

Nolina Bocarnea is a family of agave, also called the bottle palm, thanks to the shape of the crown. Hanging lanceolate leaves. Nolina perfectly tolerates a dry climate and temperature drops. But the humidity of the palm tree loves high, the earth must be constantly wet, otherwise the tips of the leaves will begin to dry out. Powerful root system accumulates enough moisture to ensure normal plant growth during dry periods.

Direct sunlight is not harmful, but in the shade of Nolin, bokarney grows unwillingly.

Transplanted every 4 years, but fertilizers are applied regularly 2 times a month.

The main difficulties with watering: overfilling, or underfilling, lead to negative consequences.

Sansevieria

Sansevieria - popularly called (mother-in-law's language, pike tail.) Height reaches up to 1 m.

The main disadvantage is that it dies with excessive watering. Transplant only if possible, when the roots fill the entire pot. Watered once a week, in winter once every 3 weeks. A peduncle appears next to the rosette, on which small white flowers bloom. But the main advantage of the flower is its beautiful belt-like leaves with various variegated colors like a snake's skin. The average annual temperature is 18-28 degrees. In winter, at least 13 degrees.

The plant is not whimsical and can grow both in partial shade and partially tolerate the direct rays of the sun. Air humidity does not matter, and fertilizer is applied only in the summer, once a month.

Chlorophytum

Chlorophytum is an unpretentious plant for air purification. Look great in the kitchen. Variegated varieties need more lighting. But they can grow in the shade. It grows well as an ampelous plant.

In insufficient light, the flower stretches and can shed its leaves. Doesn't need special care. Water once or twice a week. Transplanted as the root system grows. Fertilize once a month.

Among the disadvantages: drafts and waterlogging of the soil. Water after the top layer dries.

Aglaonema

Aglaonema - Grows in shade or partial shade, but is afraid of direct sunlight.

At home, variegated species are often used, which are valued for the decorativeness of their leaves. There are also unique hybrid forms such as crit, with a red-pink color.

Watering is rare, once a week; in winter, watering is reduced by 3 times. There are no special requirements for humidity and temperature. Transplanted every 4-5 years due to slow growth.

The plant purifies the indoor air by absorbing toxins and excretions from various synthetic materials.

The main condition is not to overmoisten the soil, otherwise the roots will begin to rot.

Zamioculcas

Zamioculcas - herbaceous plant with a thick tuber that accumulates a lot of moisture. Can grow in shade and partial shade, but thrives under ambient light. Tolerate dry climates, but can shed leaves if water is insufficient. Excessive watering negatively affects the flower. Watering 2 times a week, in winter, once a week.

There are no special requirements for the soil, choose a water-permeable and breathable lightweight substrate. In the summer, the pot is transferred to the open air, Zamiokulkos is not afraid of temperature changes and drafts. It is considered one of the unpretentious plants.

Among the disadvantages: poisonous juice, which is contained in the leaves and stems. After leaving, wash your hands thoroughly, and in an apartment where there are pets or small children, it is better not to start a plant, or place it in an inaccessible place.

Scindapsus

Scindapsus - is a vine similar to wax ivy. At home, they are kept for the sake of decorativeness of the leaves. They can be monochromatic or variegated. In its natural environment, the plant blooms with small meager flowers. V indoor conditions, it is almost impossible to achieve flowering. But keeping it at home is not difficult. Temperature readings can drop to -12 degrees below zero and over 27 degrees. The plant can exist both in the shade and in the diffused sun. The main thing is not to overmoisten the soil. Let the substrate dry between waterings, otherwise the roots will start to rot.

Golden mustache

The golden mustache is a perennial plant with waxy leaves. The growing leaves partially overlap each other, thereby creating the illusion of a basal rosette. In addition to decorativeness, the plant is grown for medicinal purposes.

Golden mustache tolerates hot and dry climates, but can grow in cold weather. The main thing is that the temperature should not fall below 0 degrees. In the summer, watered abundantly, but do not overmoisten the soil. It multiplies easily in several ways. The plant feels great in the shade and in the sun. During the growing season, mineral fertilizers are applied every 2 weeks and, if possible, sprayed.

Tradescantia

Tradescantia is a highly decorative indoor plant with colorful leaves. Depending on the variety, erect or curly shoots. Flowering lasts for 3 months, although each flower individually lasts 1 day.

At home, Tradescantia is kept for the sake of decorative leaves and air purification.
The flower must be provided with bright diffused light, its lack affects the color, especially for variegated varieties. In the summer they water abundantly, but drainage in the pot is required to release excess moisture. In winter, allow the soil to dry out a little between waterings.

Tradescantia is not demanding of humidity, but on hot days it is recommended to spray the surface.

Croton

Croton is one of the most beautiful deciduous plants. At home, only one species is grown: variegated croton. Today there are a large number of hybrid forms of this species. In addition to the decorativeness of the leaves, croton is kept in the house as a talisman.

The flowers are small and inconspicuous cream color.

Caring for the bush is not difficult, but there are some rules. In the summer, you need to spray the leaves regularly. Watered with water at room temperature in moderation. The plant grows well at room temperatures. In summer, it can be taken out into the open air, it prefers a large amount of light and direct sunlight is not a hindrance to it.

Among the disadvantages: the juice is poisonous, and it is not recommended to keep it at home if there are children or pets in the house.

Coleus

Coleus is unpretentious in care and the high decorativeness of variegated forms allows it to compete with croton.

Florists often grow it for the amazing color of the leaves, but there are flowering hybrid varieties.

The plant is easy to propagate by seed with a high probability of germination. In the hot season, fertilize once a week and watered abundantly. In winter, fertilizers are applied once a month, provide moist air and moderate watering. In the summer, Coleus (optional) but spray the surface with soft water. There are no special requirements for the soil, the main thing is to choose a light and permeable substrate.

The most unpretentious flowering indoor plants

Hoya

Hoya li waxy ivy is a lovely creeping herb with a white, fragrant bloom. During the flowering period, the hoya stands out with a strong aroma and a large amount of nectar dripping from the flowers, due to which wax ivy is called weeping liana.

The flower is not whimsical to care for, in the summer it is watered abundantly, in winter watering is reduced to 1 time per week. It grows well in dry and humid climates and is resistant to temperature changes.

There are several types of ivy with different blooms from white to red and flowers of various shapes.

In the summer, at high temperatures watering is increased. Lack of moisture affects flowering and leaves.

If you forget to water, the hoya will feel good for a while, which is why it is often kept in offices.

Among the disadvantages: the strong aroma of flowering in some people can cause intolerance.

Kalanchoe

Kalanchoe - flowering plant with a fleshy stem and leaves? refers to succulents.
In addition to beautiful flowering, Kalanchoe is known for its medicinal properties... The juice is used to prepare various medicines. Long-lasting bloom throughout the summer, blooming with lush red flowers.

The plant prefers diffused sunlight, perfectly tolerates temperatures above 27 degrees and hibernates at 12-14 degrees. In summer, watering is 2 times a week, in winter, watering is reduced to once.

The average growth rate allows replanting no more than once every 3 years. There are over 200 types.

Low humidity and dry climate do not significantly interfere with active growth. 2 times a month it is enough to apply mineral fertilizers or fertilizers for cacti.

Geranium

Geranium is a flowering plant for windowsills. The height of the flower reaches 60 cm. Suitable for the busiest people. In summer, the temperature can reach 30 degrees, in winter it does not drop below 12 degrees. Geranium blooms beautifully in sufficient light, partially tolerates the direct rays of the sun.

Lack of light affects flowering. The flowers are small and pale. It does not need spraying and grows quite well in dry climates. But the bush is regularly cut for lush flowering all year round.

In summer they water abundantly, but after the soil dries up, in winter they practically stop watering. From the many varieties, you will always find the right geranium for yourself.

Cactus

Cactus - succulents, are considered one of the unpretentious plants and can exist for a long time without watering. The cactus grows well in the open direct sun, but in the shade they stretch out and may die. In summer, water is moderately watered once a week, in winter it practically does not need watering, once a month the soil is slightly moistened.

The main place among succulents is occupied by cacti. This species is capable of accumulating moisture in itself.

Cacti are small in size and grow slowly, practically do not need care, therefore, they are great for apartments and offices.

All succulents are resistant to dry climates and high temperatures.

Disadvantages - all succulents are afraid of excessive watering with especially cold water.

In the section cacti and succulents, the main types and varieties of unpretentious plants are presented.

Spurge

Euphorbia (milli) - prefers a bright place with diffused light. Rarely watered once a week. Fertilizer is applied once a month. Due to its slow growth, they are transplanted at least once every 3-4 years.

Of the shortcomings, during the dormant period (1-2 months), it sheds leaves and does not look very attractive.

It blooms with beautiful pink flowers. Small thorns will prevent children or pets from destroying the flower.

Saintpaulia

Saintpaulia, or another name (uzambara violet). Due to its abundant flowering throughout the year and low growth, Saintpaulia is found in many gardeners. Thanks to the many varieties, there is a large palette of blooms and shapes. Some hybrid forms are simply mesmerizing with their beauty. The humidity is set high, like in the natural environment. At low humidity, the violet is not sprayed, but the room is additionally humidified.

In summer, water is abundantly watered with warm water 2 times a week, in winter, watering is significantly reduced.

A transplant is carried out every year; the saintpaulia needs a transplant if absolutely necessary.

Phalaenopsis orchid

Phalaenopsis orchid is one of the most popular and unpretentious flowering indoor plants. Due to the epiphytic aerial roots, the orchid needs to be watered 2 times a week and provide adequate lighting. Gradually accustomed to the sun, phalaenopsis can grow in direct sunlight, and also blooms beautifully in partial shade.

If there is insufficient light, there will be no blooming. One of the drawbacks is that the orchid needs high humidity. Now a large number of hybrid forms with different flowering have appeared. If the phalaenopsis blooms, the flowering is long and abundant. The flowers bloom alternately, which prolongs the flowering period even longer.

Water abundantly on hot days, gradually reducing watering closer to winter.

After each flowering, the orchid needs pruning.

Heliotrope

Heliotrope is a perennial flowering plant with a pronounced aroma of flowers. Heliotrope is used in cosmetology as a fragrance. Flowering lasts from spring to September, depending on the variety. There are white and lilac blooms with different shades. At home, it is unpretentious, but picky about lighting.

Insufficient lighting leads to stretching of shoots, sluggish leaves and small flowers. In summer they are kept at 24 -26 degrees, in winter the temperature is reduced to 5-7 degrees.

It does not need mandatory spraying, but it will not hurt on hot days. In the summer they water abundantly, with a decrease in temperature, watering is also reduced.

Bromelia

Bromelia is a beautiful flowering plant with long lanceolate leaves. A powerful erect peduncle grows out of the socket. It is considered an unpretentious plant and is well suited for offices and apartments.

There are many species with different blooms. Abundant flowering lasts throughout the summer. There are no special temperature requirements, but the humidity will have to be kept high.

Water after drying the upper layer of the substrate. At lunchtime, shade from the direct rays of the sun. Fertilizer is applied during the period of active growth 2 times a month. It does not need a compulsory transplant.

Begonia

Begonia is a beautiful flowering plant that is unpretentious in care and can grow both on open ground and in pots. At home, they are kept for the sake of flowers and foliage, depending on the variety.

For abundant flowering, you need enough diffused light. Direct rays can cause burns.

In summer and winter, begonia is kept at normal room temperature.

During the period of active growth, water is plentifully; in winter, watering is halved. Excess watering dangerous for the flower. They are rarely fed once a day of the week and only from spring to early autumn. Subject to simple rules, long and abundant flowering.

Clivia

Clivia is a flowering ornamental plant with powerful rosette leaves at the base. The flower prefers bright, diffused light. Direct rays can burn surfaces. In summer they are kept at a temperature of 24-26 degrees, in winter they are reduced to 16 degrees. The plant tolerates dry air normally, but the flowers will be small and the life span will decrease.

The strong leaves contain enough moisture in case you accidentally forget to water the clivia. Watered with soft water after the top layer of the soil dries. In winter, during the dormant period, the plant can exist without watering at all. From spring to early autumn, mineral fertilizers are applied 2 times a month. Since the flower painfully tolerates the transplant, this procedure is done only if necessary.

Clivia grows well in offices and windowsill apartments.

Schlumberger (Decembrist)

Schlumberger (Decembrist) is one of the representatives of cacti. The peculiarity of this zigo cactus is flowering at Christmas, when most of the plants are dormant.

The bloom is beautiful, with numerous pink, white, red, purple and other flowers.

Transplantation of adult plants is carried out every 5 years. The cactus can tolerate direct sunlight, but it must be gradually taught to do so.

Among the disadvantages: in the summer, they are kept at low temperatures, this is the key to abundant flowering in the winter. In winter, normal room temperature is fine. For the cactus, it is necessary to provide high humidity and spray throughout the year.

In summer they water abundantly, letting the top layer dry out, but it will perfectly tolerate a dry climate if you forget to water it.

This plant of the palm family is afraid of direct sunlight and loves shade. In addition, it can grow in a cramped pot and perfectly filters the air from gasoline vapors and formaldehyde (8.4 points on a 10-point scale).

2. Cycad drooping

If you've always wanted to grow a real palm tree at home, plant a cycad. It will grow, however, not as high as in the Caucasus, but only 50-60 cm in height, but it is completely unpretentious and does not require the sun. Not suitable for families with pets, because it is poisonous.

3. Aglaonema

A cute and unusual looking plant that can be placed in the darkest corner and watered when you remember.

4. Ficus Benjamin

Varieties with green leaves do not require sunlight, but in the first months it is better to water them with warm water. Grow to the ceiling when proper care... You can plant several sprouts in one pot, and over time they will intertwine beautifully.

5. Epipremnum golden

This bindweed is known as potos or raminophora. It takes additional moisture from the air and removes harmful impurities from it.

6. Dieffenbachia

A plant with beautiful leaves that grows well in the shade and does not require much maintenance.

7. Dracaena

One of the most unpretentious deciduous plants that does not need sunlight or a lot of water. It is as difficult to ruin it as a cactus!

8. Chlorophytum crested

Looks beautiful, blooms in any conditions, undemanding to the content - a great option for an apartment.

You want to enjoy the comfort that plants create in every room. But not every room is flooded sunlight and poor lighting severely limits our landscaping options. We have compiled for you a list of plants that will feel good even in the hallway, corridor or bathroom. Among them there are both just green and flowering plants that have little light enough.

Hovea (Kentia)

Hovea, also called the paradise palm, not only looks beautiful and does not require serious maintenance, but also produces a large amount of oxygen. The plant is very unpretentious: more than enough artificial light and a small amount of water. Water the palm tree once a week and it will delight you with its looks and fresh air.

Aspidistra

Aspidists are very popular and for good reason. Extremely easy to care for, these palms are also suitable for inexperienced gardeners: they do not need frequent watering, rarely get sick and are completely unassuming to light. Of course, in good lighting, like any plant, aspidistra will grow faster, but even in a dark corridor it will feel good. But direct sunlight will only harm its leaves.

Epipremnum golden

Epipremnum golden is climbing plant, which will grow depending on the direction of the support, either upward or sideways. This variety of creepers with multi-colored leaves must be protected from drafts and provided with moisture in a timely manner. However, epipremnum will endure short periods of drought.

Zamioculcas

Zamioculcas, which are also called the "dollar tree", is also easy to care for. The plant, which does not need a lot of light, attracts the eye with pleasantly shiny leaves. The color of the leaves is determined by the growing conditions. In the shade, zamioculcas grows more slowly, the leaves acquire a rich green hue. A large number of light stimulates the growth of the flower and makes it lighter. In general, zamioculcas can bloom, but this rarely happens. A sign of drought is the dropping of the upper leaves, although the flower is undemanding to water, and excessive watering can even become destructive.

A plant that has little light enough - sansevieria

Sansevieria is a desert plant that is not afraid of drought. The only condition for its maintenance is the temperature above 12 degrees. If desired, the twigs of sansevieria can be intertwined, it turns out very effectively.

Decorative asparagus

This plant can do just fine without light, although the ideal position for it is on a north-facing window. Ornamental asparagus is very fond of water, so the soil must be constantly moistened.

Chlorophytum (green lily)

Chlorophytum has a leaf shape similar to sedge. Even the color can be the same: the leaves are either completely green or with white stripes. The plant tolerates darkness, drafts and hot air from batteries, so it can be placed anywhere without worrying about its future fate. The only condition is that watering must be regular, because a green lily will not tolerate a long period of drought.

Philodendron

Another plant that lacks light enough, in addition, it is distinguished by beautifully designed leaves. Philodendron grows rapidly and, if supported, can be used as a creeping plant. In highly heated rooms, the philodendron needs additional moisture: it needs to be sprayed and make sure that the ground does not dry out.

Ferns

Ferns tolerate the lack of light very well. Add cold resistance to this and you can even put the fern in a poorly heated hallway. Undemanding to light, ferns love moisture, which makes them ideal plants For bathroom. In heavily heated rooms, the leaves need to be sprayed additionally to get enough moisture.

Soleirolia

A very cute plant, consisting of tiny leaves on thin stems. Its crown can be formed independently by trimming the excess with scissors.

Scheffler

Schefflera is very popular as it is growing rapidly. A little light will not harm the plant, but the flower will grow more slowly. However, what's the difference, if so, and so he will delight you with his appearance.

Flowering plants that have little light. Spathiphyllum

If you want to add some gorgeous flowering plants to the dark corners of your home, here too you can pick up plants that require little light. Spathiphyllum with its interesting white flowers is a great example of this. Under the influence of direct sunlight, the flowers brighten and wither, but the lack of light does not affect the flowering of spathiphyllum in any way. Therefore, this moisture-loving plant can decorate, for example, your bathroom. Otherwise, spray its leaves more often.

Alocasia

With its flowers, alocasia resembles a stag. However, a big difference lies in the leaves: in alocasia, they grow large, shaped like burdocks. Again, this moisture-loving plant needs regular spraying.

Eschinatus

This flower, which has little light enough, is striking with its contrasting brightness. In general, eschinatus loves good lighting (only without exposure to direct sunlight), but, getting used to it, it begins to bloom in dark corners.

Sideraris brownish

A cute flowering plant that does not require a lot of light. The flowers are small, purple, reminiscent of violets. With a sufficient amount of light, it will actively grow and bloom, however, it will not wither in dark places.

Kalanchoe Blossfeld

Kalanchoe Blossfeld can give flowers of completely different shades, although they were originally red. Breeders have managed to create orange, yellow, white, pink and purple flowers... Kalanchoe is a succulent, which means that it does not require any effort to grow, while filling the room with its blooming beauty. It is better to water the plant when the ground dries up from the previous watering.

Periwinkle

Periwinkle can also offer a wide range of shades. Periwinkle grows best in cool and well-ventilated areas. Shoots can be up to two meters, so the plant will look beautiful in a hanging planter. Liven up a dark room with vibrant colors!

To each experienced florist it is known what a huge role is played by correctly selected lighting of indoor plants. Along with watering and soil, light is an indispensable component on which successful growth directly depends. It is no secret that in the natural environment, some plants thrive in shaded areas, while others cannot develop without direct exposure to sunlight. At home, the situation looks similar. We will talk in detail about how to correctly make artificial lighting for indoor plants.

Decorative and plant growth lighting

A bulb for growing indoor plants is a great way to extend daylight hours. After all, many indoor flowers are of tropical origin, which means that they experience a lack of solar energy every day, especially in winter. For effective plant growth, the duration of daylight hours should be about 15 hours. Otherwise, they weaken, stop blooming and are exposed to various diseases.

When planning the future lighting of indoor flowers, it is important not to miss out on the aesthetic component. The phyto-lamp should become a part of the interior, a kind of decor element. On sale there are a huge number of lamps with wall mounts of various shapes, for any energy-saving lamp: CFL or LED. Depending on the size of the home flower garden, the illumination can be made from several spot lamps aimed directly at each green pet, or from tubular fluorescent lamps with a reflector. By connecting your own imagination, you can make an original LED phyto-lamp yourself.

The most important component of growth is the light spectrum

In order to understand how heterogeneous the light from different electrical sources and the sun is, it is necessary to look at their spectral composition. The spectral characteristic is the dependence of the radiation intensity on the wavelength. The solar radiation curve is continuous over the entire visible range with a decrease in the UV and IR regions. The spectrum of artificial light sources in most cases is represented by individual impulses of different amplitudes, which as a result gives the light a certain shade.

During the experiments, it was found that for the successful development of plants, not the full spectrum is used, but only its individual parts. The following wavelengths are considered the most vital:

• 640-660 nm - velvety red, necessary for all adult plants for reproductive development, as well as for strengthening the root system;
• 595-610 nm - orange for flowering and ripening fruits;
• 440–445 nm - violet for vegetative development;
• 380–400 nm - near UV range to regulate the growth rate and protein formation;
• 280-315 nm - mid-UV range to increase frost resistance.

Illumination with only the listed rays is not suitable for all plants. Each representative of the flora is unique in its “wave” preferences. This means that it is impossible to fully replace the energy of the sun with lamps. But artificial lighting of plants in the morning and evening hours can significantly improve their life.

Signs of a lack of light

There are a number of signs by which it is easy to identify a lack of light. You just need to take a close look at your flower and compare it with the standard. For example, find a similar look on the Internet. A clear lack of illumination is manifested as follows. The plant slows down its growth. The new leaves are smaller and the stem becomes thinner. The lower leaves turn yellow. The flower either stops blooming completely, or the number of buds formed is less than the average. At the same time, it is considered that watering, humidity and air temperature are normal.

How much light do you need?

It is impossible to give an unambiguous answer to this question. As a person can live in different parts of the world, so indoor flower can grow on a windowsill facing north, south, west or east. The plant throughout its life will strive to adapt to the current conditions: to stretch upward from a lack of illumination, or, conversely, to expose the next blossoming bud to the sun's rays.

Watching over appearance stems and leaves, the size and number of flowers, you can determine the sufficiency of the lighting level. At the same time, do not forget about at what stage of development the indoor flower is: vegetation, flowering, seed ripening. At each of the stages, he takes from the sun the light of the wavelength that he needs at the moment. Therefore, when organizing additional lighting, it is important to take into account the quality component of the luminous flux.

Prolonged exposure to the bright light of the sun and lamps with an illumination level of more than 15 thousand lux are loved by those indoor flowers that grow in their natural habitat in the open air. This is a favorite of many Crassula, geranium, Kalanchoe, begonia. Artificial lighting for plants of this type in the evening will benefit them.

Representatives of the flora that feel comfortable under illumination of 10-15 thousand lux include spathiphyllum, clivia, saintpaulia, tradescantia and dracaena. The leaves of these types of indoor flowers do not like hot sunlight, but they also do not tolerate early twilight. Therefore, an ideal place for them would be a window sill with an exit to the west, where in the evening their leaves will receive the necessary energy from the setting sun.

The so-called shade-loving plants can bloom and develop far from the window opening, being content with illumination up to 10 thousand lux. However, this does not mean that they will die if they are placed in a brighter place. They just need less direct sunlight. These include some types of ficus and dracaena, philodendron, and tropical vines.

Supplementary lighting of plants and artificial light sources

In most cases, indoor plants need additional lighting. Flowers, which at first glance have bright green succulent leaves and bloom regularly, will look even better if you start to influence them with a phytolamp. If someone thinks differently, then he has a great chance to be convinced of the fallacy of his thinking and collect. Various artificial light sources are used to extend daylight hours. Let's take a look at each of them and figure out which light is best for plants.

Incandescent lamps

Illuminating plants with incandescent bulbs is the least effective for several reasons. The radiation spectrum of ordinary bulbs with a spiral is strongly shifted to the red region, which does not contribute to photosynthesis in any way. Low efficiency and, as a consequence, huge heat release drive their energy and luminous efficiency to zero. In addition, incandescent lamps are characterized by the shortest service life in comparison with other artificial light sources.

Fluorescent lamps

Tubular fluorescent or, as they are most often called, energy-saving full-spectrum T8 daylight lamps (T = 5300–6500 ° K) have been considered the best option for illuminating indoor plants for many years. They deserve a lot positive feedback, due to the presence of a selective spectrum, economy and low heat transfer, combined with an acceptable cost.

Companies specializing in the production of fluorescent lamps offer plant breeders an improved version - a phytolamp with a selective radiation spectrum. They work mainly in the blue and red ranges, which can be seen from the characteristic glow. But the cost of such lamps for plant illumination is an order of magnitude higher than conventional counterparts.

A sodium lamp is the most efficient light source. In terms of luminous efficiency and working life, these lamps are comparable to LEDs for plants. But they are not suitable for home conditions due to the excessively high brightness (more than 15 thousand lux). But in many greenhouses and greenhouses, growing plants under artificial lighting is based precisely on gas-discharge lamps. Due to the fact that they emit more red light, they are installed in combination with 6500K fluorescent lamps.

LED light sources

All LED phyto-luminaires are divided into three groups:

• bicolor;
• with multispectrum;
• with a full range.

Bicolor or bi-color luminaires are based on blue (440–450 nm) and red (640–660 nm) LEDs. Their light is considered to be the most optimal for organizing the illumination of any plants during the growing season. The specified working spectrum favors the process of photosynthesis, which leads to an accelerated growth of the green mass. That is why summer residents prefer blue-red LED lamps when growing seedlings of vegetable crops on the windowsill.

LED lamps with multispectrum have a wider application due to the expansion of the red range into infrared and yellow light. They are in demand for illumination of adult plants, stimulating flowering and ripening of fruits. In an apartment environment, it is better to use an LED multispectrum for flowers with a dense crown.

On a phyto-lamp with a full spectrum of radiation, you can make an illumination for flowers in an apartment, regardless of the type and location. It is a kind of versatile artificial light source that emits in a wide range with peaks in the red and blue zone. Full spectrum LED luminaire is a tandem of energy efficiency and light energy reminiscent of the sun's rays.

Today, the creation of favorable conditions for an extensive transition to phyto-LEDs does not occur for two reasons:

• high cost of quality plant lamps;
• a large number of fakes collected on conventional LEDs.

Which light is best for growth?

Solar energy is certainly the ideal light source. In apartments with windows to the southeast and southwest, you can grow any flowers by placing them at different points in the room. But do not be upset for those who have a view from the window only to the north side. Fluorescent and LED plant lamps compensate for the lack of sun rays.

Daylight plant lamps are a time-tested budget option. They are suitable for those who are trying to create normal conditions for a flower with a small investment. LED phytolamps for those who seek to force events and achieve the best results in a short time, despite the price of several thousand rubles.

1. Before buying another "leafy pet", you should find out how photophilous it is. Perhaps the allotted place in the room will not be able to provide him with full development.
2. An inexpensive option for illuminating light-loving plants can be made from an 18 W fluorescent lamp and a 25 W incandescent lamp.
3. The prevailing radiation in the yellow region of the visible spectrum inhibits the growth of stems. Backlighting the dracaena (and other tree species) with warm light will give it a compact shape.
4. If a plant with variegated foliage loses its original color and becomes monochromatic, then it clearly lacks light. The LED phytolamp will help to return the flower to its former attractiveness.
5. The light from red and blue LEDs accelerates eye fatigue. In this regard, visual work in the area of ​​their action should be excluded.

Summing up

We hope that the material read has helped the reader to master the basic knowledge of organizing lighting for flowers in the house and on the balcony. Once again, I would like to emphasize the economy and high efficiency of LED lamps for growing plants, a massive transition to which is just around the corner. Let every florist who has the opportunity today to purchase a phyto-lamp with LEDs evaluate its power and leave his review for other readers in the comments below.

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