DIY mini rocket oven. Do-it-yourself rocket furnace drawings and manufacturing process - from simple to complex

Reactive stove with a stove bench - the most productive option for the home

Despite such frenzied popularity in the world, in the CIS countries the jet furnace long burning known only to a few. And this is rather strange, because in some regions of our country the cold lasts more than six months.

A rocket or jet furnace, contrary to its name, implies nothing supernatural in its design. You won't find any turbines here. But still, there is something in this design that is similar to space transport - and this is a stream of flame, characterized by high intensity, as well as a characteristic hum that occurs during operation.

Reactive heating furnaces are designed very simply, but despite this, they use advanced fuel combustion techniques. Consider what makes this design so effective:

• Through the furnace channels, the movement of gaseous products occurs exclusively due to natural draft. For this reason, forced ejection is not required here.
• Pyrolysis process resulting from dry distillation solid fuel.

Important! The simplest "rocket" design is a tube large diameter with a characteristic bend. Moreover, one of its sections is shorter than the other. It is installed horizontally and is intended for laying firewood.

Let's consider the process of furnace operation in more detail:

• Firewood is laid in the firebox, which is then set on fire.
• Further, the device starts working in the traditional stove-stove mode, which continues until the longer vertical part of the stove, which is a chimney, warms up.
• The metal heats up red-hot, as a result of which the inflammable substances accumulated in the chimney ignite, at the upper point of which a rarefaction zone appears.
• The draft is increased, providing an increase in the air flow to the wood. Thanks to this, the efficiency of the combustion process is significantly increased.

Advice! In order for the jet thrust in the furnace to become even stronger, the structure should be equipped with a furnace door. It works as follows: when the cross-section of the air channel decreases, then the oxygen supply to the furnace stops. Thus, the traditional combustion process develops into pyrolysis, in which the wood begins to smolder and decompose. In this case, the process of burning out the fuel slows down, and therefore the heat is released longer.

• To ensure complete combustion of the fuel as a result of pyrolysis, a special zone must be provided in the furnace, which is intended for the afterburning of gases. More specifically, this will be discussed below, but here it should be noted that along with the thermal insulation of the chimney, such an improvement of the classic "rocket" allows it to successfully compete with modern long-burning installations.

Important! The simplest do-it-yourself rocket oven is usually used for heating or cooking. To do this, you just need to install a special platform on the vertical section of the furnace.

Pros and cons of such heating units

Despite all the simplicity of its design, the reactive combustion furnace has whole line advantages:

• Very high efficiency which is comparable to the best solid fuel units.
• The design can heat up to 1000 degrees Celsius.
• High efficiency rates... On average, a rocket stove from a cylinder consumes three to four times less firewood in comparison with an ordinary potbelly stove.
• "Omnivorous"... Any type of solid fuel (cones, pine needles, shavings, as well as various plant waste) can be used for the operation of the furnace.
• To ensure an uninterrupted heating process, it is possible to add fuel during the operation of the device.
• The rocket furnace is reliable and easy to use.
• Environmental friendliness... Due to the complete burnout of the fuel, the smoke emanating from the rocket structure consists of carbon dioxide and water vapor.
• Complete combustion of fuel... During operation of this unit, the temperature reaches such limits that soot ignites.

• A wide variety of designs. Along with a stationary oven, there is a portable or camping one. Also, a rocket stove can be successfully used for a home or a bath.

The disadvantages of such units include:

• During operation, there is a risk that carbon monoxide will penetrate into the room.
• Such structures are not suitable for use in large houses, since their capacity will not be enough for integrated heating.
• When installing a water-type heat exchanger, a decrease in thermal power occurs, which, as a result, disrupts the normal operating mode.
• Unattractive appearance... However, many fans of the ethno-style will argue with this statement, because for them such a stove design is just a godsend.

Types of heating devices of this type

There are several options for such equipment:

• Mobile. Such structures can be easily carried from place to place and are made from buckets, cans, metal pipes etc.
• Variants made from gas cylinders.
• Stationary oven, lined with bricks (fireclay).
• Heating structures equipped with a stove bench.

Important! Brick aggregates are the most difficult to manufacture, as they require certain skills of a bricklayer. However, in the presence of detailed procedures and elementary diligence, even a novice specialist can cope with the work.

Now let's take a closer look at what each of the above options is.

Portable rocket furnaces

Such designs are the most simple in design. They are pipes that can be either bent or welded from separate lengths. There can be only one improvement in this design; it concerns the installation of a special partition, through which the ash pan is equipped. It provides for a special slot through which air suction occurs.

Very often, a grate is installed in the lower part of the loading chamber, through which air is supplied directly to the combustion zone. A special door is installed in the opening for laying firewood, which is necessary to regulate the air supply.

Advice! Since the mobile stove is mainly intended for cooking, it is advisable to provide a support for installing dishes in the upper cut of the chimney.

Construction made from a gas cylinder

This is the next stage in the evolution of reactive heaters. Due to the complicated design, such a furnace has great indicators of efficiency and thermal power. At the same time, such a furnace can be made from improvised means. You will need a gas cylinder, a few scraps of thick-walled steel pipes, and a sheet of metal that is 5 mm thick.

Advice! Instead of a cylinder for the body, a tank from under fuels and lubricants or a piece of pipe with a diameter exceeding 30 cm can be used. A mandatory requirement is the presence of thick walls of the structure.

Features of the furnace from a cylinder are as follows:

• Firewood is loaded into the firebox, ignited by a strong flow of air entering through the loading window.
• Combustible gases are burned directly in a pipe located inside the cylinder. This is due to the supply of secondary air.
• To enhance this effect, the inner chamber must be insulated, which allows lifting internal temperature more than 1000 degrees Celsius.
• Moving through the system, the hot gas reaches the bell, entering the external chamber, which is a heat exchanger.

• After the combustion products have cooled down, they are removed by means of a chimney installed in the lower part of the structure on the reverse side.

Important! To create an optimal draft level, it is necessary to position the top of the chimney 4 meters above the loading window.

Combined construction device

The combined stove is a unit made of a metal barrel and bricks. At the same time, fireclay brick is not used as a facing material, it is from it that the internal chambers and the firebox are laid out. Thus, a stationary heating device is obtained, which is made of materials of high heat capacity, and therefore perfectly accumulates heat, carrying out its return within several hours.

Advice! This is the best option for heating living quarters.

Design with a bench

One of the disadvantages of jet stoves is that most of the heat is removed through the chimney. However, this is the fault of almost all structures that run on solid fuels. And in this case, this minus can be easily eliminated by significantly increasing the length of the chimney ducts.

This is about jet furnaces with a stove bench, which are an excellent embodiment of this idea. Such units can be made of rubble stone or bricks, using a plastic mass created from sawdust and clay as a decoration. The high heat capacity of the materials used allows such structures to retain heat throughout the night, which, coupled with their economy, makes such structures an excellent choice for residential-type premises.

How to make a rocket oven yourself

Consider making a stove with a stove bench. Due to its high technical specifications she is the elite among heating appliances. This is the most complex structure, but thanks to the diagrams and drawings provided below, it will not be so difficult to build it. The average construction time is about three days.

Step-by-step instructions involve the following work:

• We deepen by 10 cm the place where the firebox will be formed, laying it out with fireclay bricks. Next, you need to install the formwork along the contour of the future structure.

Advice! To make the foundation more durable, you can use reinforcement or construction mesh, which is laid on top of the brick base.

• Using a level, lay out the base for the working chamber.
• This is followed by filling the structure with concrete. As soon as the mortar sets, you can continue construction. On average, the solution dries for a day.

• We lay the brick in continuous order, thus forming the base of the furnace.
• Raise the side walls by laying several rows of masonry.
• Now the lower channel of the rocket is being equipped, according to the order.
• We lay a row of bricks across, thereby blocking the combustion chamber. It is necessary to carry out the layout in such a way that the riser (vertical channel) and the furnace opening remain open.

• We take the old boiler body, cut it off on both sides. As a result, the pipe should be large in diameter.
• In the lower part of the tank from under the fuels and lubricants, it is necessary to install a flange, it is in it that the pipe of the horizontal heat exchanger will be installed.
• To ensure tightness, it is necessary to provide for continuous welded seams, which will significantly secure the structure.

• Next, the outlet pipe should be cut into the barrel. After that, it is cleaned of rust, covered with a primer, on top of which several layers of heat-resistant paint are applied.
• A side outlet should be welded to the horizontal chimney, which will act as an ash pan. To ensure the convenience of its cleaning, it is necessary to equip the channel with a sealed flange.
• Using refractory bricks, it is necessary to lay out the flame tube. Its inner channel should be 18 by 18 cm, being square in shape.

Advice! When laying out the inner channel, it is necessary to strictly control the verticality of the structure, using a building level or a body kit for this.

• A casing is put on the flame tube. Perlite must be placed in the resulting gaps. In this case, the lower part of the riser must be sealed with a clay mixture, which will prevent the heat insulator from spilling onto the floor.
• Now the fuel cap should be made. For this, a previously cut off part of the water heater is taken, to which a handle must be welded for ease of use.
• Further, it is necessary to improve the appearance of the structure by applying adobe putty on it. For this, the clay solution is mixed with sawdust (up to 50%).

Advice! Sawdust in the putty acts as crushed stone in concrete. They are used so that such a surface does not crack during the drying process.

• Above, the pearlite backfill is also sealed by means of a coating.
• Next, we form the face of the oven. At this stage, you need to lay out the oven circuit. Bricks, stone, adobe, sandbags, etc. can be used for this. The inner part it is necessary to fill it with crushed stone, and give the upper one the necessary shape by covering it with an adobe mixture.
• The casing, made of a metal barrel, is installed on a prepared base, while the lower branch pipe of the container should be directed towards the bed. Cover the lower part with clay, thus sealing it.
• Using a corrugated pipe, it is necessary to bring the channel to the firebox. It is through this channel that the firebox is connected to the external atmosphere.

Important! If the duct is not installed, the oven will consume warm air directly from the room.

• Next, the first kindling of the structure is carried out, the purpose of which is to check the free removal of gases through a horizontal chimney.
• The heat exchanger pipes must be connected to the lower connection. It should be installed on a red brick base.
• We install the chimney. The joints should be sealed using a fireproof compound and an asbestos cord.
• Next, you should give the bed the required shape in the same way as in the above-described manufacture of the case. In this case, the surface of the barrel can be completely hidden by adobe. Only a horizontal platform should be left open - it is subsequently used when heating food.

Advice! Structural tests should be carried out only after the adobe coating has completely dried. If you start the stove earlier, you can cause cracking of the decorative layer.

Conclusion

A rocket oven is an economical option for home heating and cooking. This design is relatively simple, but at the same time has a high efficiency and long battery life.

A do-it-yourself rocket stove, the drawings of which most home craftsmen would probably like to have in their archives, can be made, in principle, even within one day, since its design is not complicated at all. If you have the skills to work with tools, read drawings, have in store necessary materials, then making a simple stove of this type will not be difficult. It should be noted that it can be made from the most different materials, which are on hand, but much will depend on where the oven is planned to be installed. The rocket stove has a slightly different operating principle from other heating devices, and can be either stationary or portable.

Stationary rocket stoves are installed inside the house along the walls or on the area designated for cooking in the courtyard of the house. If the stove is installed indoors, then it is capable of heating a room with an area of ​​up to 50 sq. m.

Portable versions of the rocket stove are usually quite small and can easily fit in the trunk of a car. Therefore, when traveling, for example, to a picnic or to a summer cottage, such a stove will help to boil the water and cook dinner. Moreover, the fuel consumption in the rocket furnace is very low; even dry branches, torches or bunches of grass can be used as it.

The principle of operation of the rocket-type stove

Despite the simplicity of the rocket furnace device, its design uses two principles of operation, which the developers borrowed from other types of furnaces operating on. So, for its effective work, the following principles are taken:

• The principle of free circulation of gases released from the fuel through the created furnace channels, without the forced creation of a chimney draft.
• The principle of afterburning of pyrolysis gases released during fuel combustion in the mode of insufficient oxygen supply.

In the simplest designs of rocket furnaces, which are used only for cooking, only the first principle of operation can operate, since it is rather difficult to create the necessary conditions for the flow of pyrolysis and the organization of gas afterburning.

To understand the structures and understand how they work, you need to consider some of them one by one.

The simplest design of a rocket stove

To begin with, it is worth considering the simplest device of a direct combustion rocket furnace. As a rule, such devices are used only for heating water or for cooking, and only outdoors. As you can see from the figure below, these are two pipe sections connected by a right-angle bend.

The firebox for such a furnace design is the horizontal part of the pipe, and the fuel is put into it. Often the firebox is vertically loaded - in this case, for the manufacture the simplest stove three elements are used - these are two pipes of different heights, installed vertically and connected from below by a common horizontal channel. The lower pipe will serve as a firebox. For the manufacture of a stationary version of the simplest design scheme, it is often used installed on a heat-resistant solution.

To achieve higher efficiency, the furnace was improved, and additional elements appeared, for example, a pipe was installed in a housing, which increases the heating of the structure.

1 - outer metal body of the furnace.

2 - pipe - combustion chamber.

3 - a channel formed by a bridge under the fuel chamber and intended for free passage of air into the combustion area.

4 - the space between the pipe (riser) and the body, densely filled with a heat-insulating compound, for example, ash.

The heating of the oven is as follows. A light combustible material, for example, paper, is first put into the firebox, and when it ignites, chips or other main fuel are thrown into the fire. As a result of the intensive combustion process, incandescent gases are formed that rise along the vertical channel of the pipe and go outside. A container for boiling water or cooking food is installed on the open section of the pipe.

An important condition for the intensity of fuel combustion is the creation of a gap between the pipe and the installed container. If its hole is completely closed, then combustion inside the structure will stop, since there will be no draft, which provides air supply to the combustion area and raises the heated gases up. To avoid problems with this, a removable or stationary support for the container is installed on the upper edge of the pipe.

This diagram shows a simple structure, on the loading opening of which a door is installed. And to create thrust, a special channel is provided, which forms the lower wall of the combustion chamber and a plate welded at a distance of 7 ÷ 10 mm from it. Even when the firebox door is completely closed, the air supply will not stop. In this scheme, the second principle is already starting to work - without active access of oxygen to the burning ones, the pyrolysis process can begin, and the continuous supply of "secondary" air will contribute to the afterburning of the released gases. But for a full-fledged process, one more is still missing. important condition- high-quality thermal insulation of the secondary afterburner, since certain temperature conditions are required for the combustion of gases.

1 - air channel in the combustion chamber, through which blowing is carried out when the furnace door is closed;

2 - zone of the most active heat exchange;

3 - ascending stream of incandescent gases.

Video: a variant of the simplest rocket furnace from an old cylinder

Advanced rocket furnace design

The design, designed for both cooking and heating the room, is equipped not only with a fire door and a second body, which serves as a good external heat exchanger, but also with an upper hob. Such a rocket stove can already be installed inside the premises of the house, and the chimney from it is brought out into the street. After carrying out such a modernization of the furnace, its efficiency increases significantly, since the device acquires many useful properties:

• Due to the second outer casing and heat-resistant heat-insulating materials, which thermally insulate the main pipe of the furnace (riser), hermetically close the upper part of the structure, the heated air retains the high temperature for much longer.

• In the lower part of the body, a channel for the supply of secondary air began to be mounted, which successfully carries out the necessary blowing, for which in simplest design an open firebox was used.
• The chimney in a closed structure is not located at the top, as in a simple rocket furnace, but in the lower rear of the body. Thanks to this, the heated air does not go directly into the chimney, but gets the opportunity to circulate through the internal channels of the device, heating, first of all, the hob, and then diverging inside the body, ensuring its heating. In turn, the outer casing gives off heat to the surrounding air.

This diagram clearly shows the whole process of the furnace operation: in the fuel hopper (pos. 1) the fuel is pre-burned (pos. 2) in the mode of insufficient air supply "A" - this is regulated by the damper (pos. 3). The resulting hot pyrolysis gases enter the end of the horizontal firing channel (pos. 5), where they are burned out. This process takes place due to good thermal insulation and the implementation of a continuous supply of "secondary" air "B" through a specially provided channel (item 4).

Further, hot air rushes into the inner pipe of the structure, called the riser (item 7), rises along it to the "ceiling" of the body, which is a hob (item 10), providing it with high-temperature heating. Then the gas flow passes through the space between the riser and the outer casing-drum (item 6), providing heating of the casing for further heat exchange with air in the room. Then the gases go down and only then go into the chimney (pos. 11).

To achieve maximum heat transfer from the fuel and to provide the necessary conditions for the complete combustion of pyrolysis gases, it is important to maintain the highest and stable temperature in the riser channel (pos. 7) For this, the riser pipe is enclosed in another pipe of a larger diameter - a shell (pos. 8 ), and the space between them is tightly clogged with a heat-resistant mineral composition (pos. 9), which will serve as thermal insulation (a kind of lining). For these purposes, for example, a mixture of oven clay with chamotte sand (in a ratio of 1: 1) can be used. Some craftsmen prefer to simply fill this space very tightly with sifted sand.

The design of this version of the rocket furnace consists of the following units and elements:

• A top-loading firebox with a lid with a secondary air intake chamber located in its lower part.
• The furnace passes into a horizontally located firing channel, at the end of which pyrolysis gas is burned out.
• The incandescent gas flow rises along a vertical channel (riser) to the hermetically sealed "ceiling" of the case, where it gives off part of the thermal energy to the horizontal stove - the hob. Then, under the pressure of the hotter gases that follow, it diverges into the heat exchange channels, giving off heat to the surfaces of the drum, and goes down.
• In the lower part of the furnace, there is an entrance to the horizontal pipe channels that run under the entire surface of the bed. Moreover, one, two or more turns can be laid in this space. corrugated pipe, in the form of a coil through which hot air circulates, heating the bed. This heat exchanger pipe is connected at the end to a chimney that is led out through the wall of the house.

• It should be noted that in the case of making a bed of bricks, the channels can also be laid out of this material, without the use of metal corrugated pipes.
• The heated stove and stove bench, giving off heat to the room, will themselves serve as a kind of "battery" capable of heating an area of ​​up to 50 m².

The metal drum of the kiln can be made from a barrel, gas cylinder or other durable containers, and also made of bricks. Usually, the material is chosen by the craftsmen themselves as far as financially possible and convenience of work.

A rocket stove with a brick stove bench looks neater, and it is somewhat easier to install than the clay version, but the cost of materials will be about the same.

Video: another original solution to increase the efficiency of heating a rocket furnace

Add upbrickrocket furnacewith a couch

What do you need to work?

The brick heating structure proposed for execution is designed according to the principle of a rocket furnace. The size of the structure with standard brick parameters (250 × 120 × 65 mm) will be 2540 × 1030 × 1620 mm.

Our task is to make such an original rocket stove with a warm stove bench out of bricks.

It should be noted that the structure is, as it were, divided into three parts:

• The furnace itself - its size is 505 × 1620 × 580 mm;
• Furnace compartment - 390 × 250 × 400 mm;
• Lounger 1905 × 755 × 620 mm + 120 mm headrest.

The following materials are required for laying the stove:

• Red bricks - 435 pcs.;
• Blowing door 140 × 140 mm - 1 pc .;
• Cleaning door 140 × 140 mm - 1 pc .;
• The furnace door is desirable (250 × 120 mm - 1 pc.), Otherwise there is a risk of smoke in the room.
• Cooking plate 505 × 580 mm - 1 pc .;
• Rear metal panel-shelf 370 × 365 mm - 1 pc .;
• Asbestos sheet 2.5 ÷ 3 mm thick to create a spacer between metal elements and bricks.
• Chimney with a diameter of 150 mm, with a 90˚ bend.
• Clay and sand for mortar or ready-made heat-resistant mixture. It should be noted here that for 100 bricks laid flat, with a joint width of 5 mm, 20 liters of mortar will be required.

The design of this top-loading rocket furnace is quite simple, trouble-free and efficient in operation, but only if its laying is done with high quality, in full accordance with the order.

In the absence of experience in the work of a bricklayer and a stove-maker, but a great desire to independently install such a heating device, it is worthwhile to play it safe, and to begin with, fold the structure "dry", without mortar. This process will help you figure out the location of the bricks in each of the rows.

In addition, in order for the seams to be of the same width, it is recommended to prepare calibration wooden or plastic slats for masonry, which will be stacked on the previous row before laying the next one. After the mortar has set, it will be easy to remove them.

Under the laying of such a stove, it is necessary to have an even and solid foundation. Despite the fact that the structure is quite compact, and its weight is not as great as, for example, in the Russian stove, a floor made of thin boards is not suitable for its installation. In the case when the floor, although wooden, is very durable, before starting laying under the future stove, it is imperative to lay and fix heat-resistant material, for example, asbestos 5 mm thick.

Ordering a brick rocket oven with a stove bench:

Illustration	Brief description of the performed operation
	The first row is laid out solid, and the brick should lie in exact accordance with the pattern shown in the diagram - this will give the whole base strength. For masonry, 62 red bricks are required. The diagram clearly shows the connection of all three sections of the furnace. The corners on the side bricks of the front of the firebox are cut or rounded off - so the structure will look neat.
	Second row. At this stage of work, internal chimney channels are laid through which gases heated in the firebox will pass, giving off heat to the bricks of the stove bench. The channels connect to the combustion chamber, which also begins to form in this row. The first brick of the wall dividing the two channels under the stove bench is cut obliquely - this "nook" will collect non-burnt combustion products, and the cleaning door, installed opposite the bevel, will allow you to easily clean it. For laying a row, 44 bricks are required.
	On the second row, the doors of the blowing and cleaning chambers are mounted, which are necessary for periodically putting the ash chamber and internal horizontal channels in order. The doors are secured with wire, which is twisted on the ears of the cast-iron elements, and then laid in the seams of the masonry.
	Third row. It almost completely repeats the configuration of the second row, but, of course, taking into account the laying in a bandage, and therefore it also requires 44 bricks.
	Fourth row. At this stage, the channels passing inside the bed are overlapped with a continuous layer of brick. The opening of the furnace is left, and a channel is formed, which will heat the hob and discharge the combustion products into the chimney. In addition, a rotary horizontal channel is blocked from above, which removes the heated air under the bed. For laying a row, you need to prepare 59 bricks.
	Fifth row. The next step is to overlap the bed with a second cross layer of brick. The chimney ducts and the firebox also continue to be removed. 60 bricks are prepared for the row.
	Sixth row. The first row of the headrest of the bench is laid out, and the part of the oven, on which the hob will be installed, begins to rise. The chimney ducts are still led out in it. For a row, 17 bricks are needed.
	Seventh row. The laying of the headrest is being completed, for which bricks cut obliquely are used. The second row of the base rises under the hob. For masonry, 18 bricks are required.
	Eighth row. The laying of the furnace structure with three channels is being carried out. It takes 14 bricks.
	The ninth and tenth rows are similar to the previous, eighth, laid out according to the same pattern, alternately, in a bandage. Each row uses 14 bricks.
	11th row. Continuation of masonry according to the scheme. This row will take 13 bricks.
	12th row. At this stage, a hole is formed for installing the chimney. The hole fed under the slab is supplied with bricks cut obliquely for a smoother flow of heated air into the adjacent channel leading to the lower horizontal channels located in the bed. 11 bricks were used per row.
	13th row. The base for the slab is formed, and the central and lateral channels are combined. It is through it that hot air will flow under the stove, and then flow into a vertical channel leading under the stove bench. 10 bricks are stacked.
	13th row. On the same row, the base is prepared for laying the hob. For this, a heat-resistant material - asbestos - is laid along the perimeter of the space in which two vertical channels were combined.
	13th row. Then, a solid metal plate is laid on top of the asbestos gasket. In this case, it is not recommended to install a hob with opening burners, since when they are opened, smoke can enter the room.
	14th row. The hole for the chimney is blocked and the wall that separates the hob from the stove area rises. Only 5 bricks are used for the row.
	15th row. This row lifting the wall will also require 5 bricks.
	15th row. On the same row, in continuation back wall, Near hob a metal shelf is fixed, which can be used as a cutting board. It attaches to brackets.
	15th row. The schematic picture well simulates how the hob can be used. In this case, the pan is placed exactly on the part of the stove that will warm up first, since a hot air stream will pass under it.
	After completing all the works described in the order, a chimney is embedded in the hole from the back of the stove, which is led out into the street.
	From the rear, the structure also looks quite neat, so it can be installed both near the wall and in the middle of the room. Such a stove is perfect for heating in a country house. If the stove and chimney are decorated finishing materials, then the building can become an original addition, and very functional, for any private house. As you can see, the corner under the chopping shelf is very convenient for drying and storing firewood.
	To fully consider the structure, you need to see its projection from the front side.
	And the last figure shows well what should be the result of the work done, if you look at the stove from the side of the stove bench.

In conclusion, I would like to especially note that the design of the rocket furnace can be called one of the simplest and most affordable for self-made, compared to others heating devices... Therefore, if a similar goal is set - to acquire a stove in the house, but experience in such work is clearly not enough, then it is best to choose this particular option, since, when building it, it is difficult to make a mistake in the configuration of its internal channels.

Unfortunately, in our country almost no one knows about the rocket oven. Meanwhile, such a design is extremely useful in a number of cases due to the almost complete absence of soot during operation and a high combustion temperature.

Today we will talk about how a do-it-yourself rocket oven is made.

Hot gases instead of a chimney enter a special hood, where they burn out (hence the absence of soot). In this case, the temperature rises even more, and the pressure, on the contrary, decreases. The cycle is constantly repeated and soon the furnace goes to the combustion mode with maximum thrust (the force of the latter depends on design features and installation quality).

The temperature in the bell can reach 1200ᵒC, as a result of which all waste is burned almost without residue, and the exhaust consists mainly of carbon dioxide and water vapor.

Note! Thanks to this, the chimney can be laid under the floor or through some kind of heating structure (a couch, for example, or a bench). What's more, the hot hood can be used for heating water, cooking food, drying fruit, etc.

The benefits include:

• high efficiency;
• no soot;
• high fever;
• the possibility of using cones, damp branches, dry plant stems as fuel - almost everything burns at a temperature of 1200ᵒ;
• low fuel consumption - about four times lower than the standard design.

Types of rocket furnaces

There are several types of rocket (or jet, as they are also called) ovens.

1. Portable structures made of tin containers (paint cans, buckets, etc.). Great helpers on a construction site or on a hike that can be crafted in just a few hours.
2. Furnaces made of refractory bricks and metal barrels, intended for heating heat-consuming masses. They are distinguished by a horizontal chimney installed underground and an external riser to ensure draft.
3. Fully brick structures are used for air heating of the floor. Consist of several chimneys at once.

Note! Due to the complexity of the third option, this article will only consider the first two.

In this case, the work traditionally begins with the preparation of everything necessary.

Stage 1. Materials and equipment

For construction you will need:

Stage 2. Preparation

Step 1. In the floor, a pit is pulled out (if possible) with a depth of about 30-50 cm. This is necessary so that the level of the horizontal chimney does not rise too much.

Step 2. The steel barrel will serve as a lid for the oven. First, the barrel is fired and cleaned of soot with a metal brush, after which it is painted with refractory paint.

Note! The paint is applied only after the chimney outlet flange has been installed.

Stage 3. Foundation

Step 1. Preparing the formwork for the future foundation.

Step 2. In the place where the firebox will be, several bricks go deep into the ground.

Step 3. Steel reinforcement is laid at the bottom.

Step 4. Bricks are laid around the lower point of the combustion chamber.

Step 5. The base is poured with concrete mortar.

Stage 4. Laying

After the solution has dried, you can start laying the rocket oven.

Note! To do this, only use refractory clay.

Step 1. On the first tier, the masonry rises up, leaving only an opening for the combustion chamber.

Step 2. On the second level, the lower oven channel is formed.

Step 3. On the third, the channel is overlapped with masonry so that two holes are obtained - for the combustion chamber and the vertical channel.

Note! After laying the bricks, you can not cut them off - they still have to be hidden with adobe and expanded clay.

Step 4. Preparation for laying the vertical channel. In addition to the barrel itself, this will require an old water heater of about 150 liters.

A flange is built into the barrel for connecting the chimney. It is also advisable to install a tee for cleaning the chimney here.

Step 5. The ascending part of the structure is placed using the "boot" method. The internal section of this part should be approximately 18 cm.

Step 6. A piece of hot water is put on the ascending part, and the voids between the walls are filled with perlite. The upper part of the perlite is sealed with chamotte clay.

Step 7. The base of the furnace is covered with sandbags, the base of the casing is coated with clay. The voids between the bags and the body are filled with expanded clay, after which the base is finished with the same clay.

Step 8. The chimney is connected, an inverted steel barrel is put on the ascending part.

Step 9. A trial run of the furnace is carried out, after which the barrel is painted with fire-resistant paint.

Stage 5. Chimney lining

Step 1. The chimney is lined with sandbags and covered with expanded clay.

Step 2. The structure is given the appropriate shape using fireclay clay.

Note! During operation, the rocket furnace needs a large number oxygen, therefore it is recommended to conduct an air duct from the street.

All that remains is to install the old barbecue in the neck of the firebox and close it with a lid. The seams are filled with clay. That's it, the brick rocket oven is ready for use.

In this design, as in the one described above, the principle of operation is to isolate the fire and direct heat energy to the right place.

Stage 1. Prepare everything you need

To prepare a portable rocket oven, you will need:

• two tin containers of different diameters;
• a pair of corners;
• steel clamps ø10 cm;
• stainless steel pipe for chimney;
• fine crushed stone;
• Bulgarian;
• scissors for metal.

  

  

  

  

  In the second bucket - the bottom of the rocket oven, cut a hole for the pipe

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  We bend the cooking plate out of the wire

  

Stage 2. Assembly of the structure

Step 1. A lid for the structure is made from a smaller bucket. To do this, a hole is made in it for the chimney (the lid is not removed at the same time). In this case, it is better to bend the "petals" inward - this way the pipe will be more securely fixed.

The lower half of the bucket is cut off with a grinder.

Step 2. A hole is cut at the bottom of the other container to connect the firebox. The tin is cut into "petals" with scissors and bent inward.

Step 3. The forward flow is assembled from a pipe and a pair of corners. The pipe is then inserted into the bucket and connected to the "petals" there with a steel clamp. That's it, the forward flow of the rocket furnace is ready.

Step 4. The space between the forward flow and the walls of the bucket is covered with fine gravel. The latter will perform two functions in the structure at once - thermal insulation and thermal accumulation.

Step 5. The second bucket (lid) is put on the jet oven.

Step 6. A cooking plate is bent from a steel wire.

Note! Instead of a hotplate, you can install three bricks.

Step 7. It remains only to paint the structure with heat-resistant paint (preferably gray or black). For melting, a direct flow outlet pipe will be used.

Rules for the operation of rocket furnaces

Rocket furnaces, as well as other long-burning designs, need to be launched onto a warm tube. And if for the second version of the furnace this is not so important, then for the first a cold chimney will only lead to unnecessary combustion of fuel. For this reason, the structure needs preliminary heating - heating with sawdust, paper, etc.

It is also worth noting that the jet furnace is unable to self-adjust, so at first the blower opens completely, and is covered only after the structure begins to hum a lot. In the future, the access of oxygen gradually decreases.

About the rocket oven in the bath

Reactive wood stove with lounger

Many people were probably interested in the question - is it possible to use a jet oven in a bath? It would seem possible, because it is quite easy to equip a heater on a tire.

In reality, such a design is not suitable for a bath. For light steam, you first need to warm up the walls, and only then, after a while, the air. For the latter, the oven must be a hotbed of convection and heat radiation (IR). This is the problem - convection is clearly distributed in the rocket furnace, and the design does not provide for losses due to thermal radiation at all.

conclusions

Be that as it may, but today in the manufacture of rocket furnaces there is more intuition than real accurate calculations, therefore, this is an almost limitless field for creativity.

We also suggest that you familiarize yourself with the video instructions for making a rocket furnace.

Video - DIY jet oven

Among the diversity wood stoves such a heating device as a homemade rocket oven deserves special attention. She is different original design, which does not require expensive materials and components in the manufacture. Any person can make such a stove, even in the slightest degree versed in drawings and able to work with his hands. Our article should come to the aid of such home craftsmen, where it will be told about the design and principle of operation of the furnace - the rocket. Here you will also be given recommendations on how to make it from various materials.

How the rocket furnace works

Although the device of a rocket furnace is quite simple, it successfully uses two whole principles of operation, borrowed from other types of solid fuel heating devices:

• the principle of afterburning wood gases released during combustion (pyrolysis);
• the principle of free flow of gases through the channels (without induction from the natural draft of the chimney).

Note. In the simplest rocket ovens for cooking, including the portable type, only the second principle works, since no favorable conditions are created for the pyrolysis process in them.

First, we will analyze the device of direct combustion rocket furnaces, intended only for cooking food. Here a short horizontal section of the pipe serves as a firebox, which then turns upward. The design is outrageously simple, as shown in the figure:

Fuel is put into the pipe and ignited, as a result of which an ascending stream of incandescent gases appears, tending to rise along the vertical section and go out. Here, at the cut of the pipe, a container for food or water is installed. Of course, a gap is provided between the pan and the pipe for the exit of combustion products. This is achieved through various metal supports.

For reference. The above rocket furnace device is one of the first. It is because of the upward-turned nozzle with the flame escaping from it, the device received the name of the rocket.

Since it is impossible to heat the premises with such a unit, the design of the heating rocket furnace was supplemented with a heat exchanger and channels for removing flue gas... To keep the high temperature on the vertical section of the pipe, it is insulated with any refractory material. Further, for intensive heat extraction, the nozzle is covered from above with a cap, for example, with an ordinary metal barrel. In the lower part of the horizontal fire tube, there is a separate channel for supplying secondary air.

Now the principle of operation of the rocket furnace looks a little different. First, at the end of the horizontal firing channel, pyrolysis gases are burned out due to the supply of secondary air. Secondly, the combustion products, which have a high temperature, accumulate under the top of the bell (barrel), creating some excess pressure. As heat is transferred outward through the metal walls, these gases cool down and rush down.

Since the cooling gases are supported from below by a new hot stream, they cannot descend in the same way, but pass through the space between the walls of the pipe and barrel, safely leaving the chimney. The course of the processes is well reflected in the rocket furnace diagram:

So, thanks to pyrolysis, the efficiency of wood combustion increases, and the use of a free flow of gases creates a self-regulating system that limits the flow fresh air into the firebox. The air mixture is supplied as the combustion products cool down under the bell, making room for a new portion of it. Excessive pressure of incandescent gases "pushes" the cooled part outward, therefore the operation of the stove depends little on the presence of draft in the chimney.

Efficient heat extraction

The gases entering the chimney are still hot. It is inappropriate to just throw them out, everyone will understand that the efficiency of such an installation will be too low. Taking advantage of the fact that the rocket oven literally pushes the combustion products outward, the craftsmen have invented 2 ways of extracting heat:

• passing gases through the channels arranged under the bed;
• installing a water circuit on the stove.

A rocket furnace with a water circuit is made without a hood, the force of the upward flow of combustion products is used in a multi-pass heat exchanger made of metal. It is not recommended to introduce a coil with water into the gas stream, it will not last long due to too high a temperature. It would be more correct to make a water jacket with metal fins inside the flue, as shown in the diagram:

Another way is to lay horizontal chimney channels out of bricks directly on the floor surface and arrange a chic heated adobe bed on top by connecting a rocket-type oven to it. Here, the correct selection of the length of the channels is important so that the excess pressure is enough to overcome them, otherwise you will still have to take care of the organization of natural traction.

Advantages and disadvantages

Homemade long-burning rocket furnaces have many admirers, and for the following reasons:

• simplicity and low cost of installation: to build such a heating device, you do not need to incur large costs for the purchase of expensive materials, fixtures and fittings. Experience in oven business is also required minimal;
• self-regulation and undemanding to the natural draft of the chimney;
• The efficiency of a furnace - rocket is a variable value and largely depends on the design, the main thing is to select as much as possible thermal energy near flue gases;
• fuel can be added on the fly.

Despite the attractiveness and simplicity of the unit, heating with a rocket stove has its negative aspects. It is a mistake to think that you can shove firewood of any quality into the firebox. Damp wood will not give the required temperature in the chamber, the pyrolysis process will not proceed. In the worst case, smoke from the stove can rush into the room. Also, the "rocket" needs constant supervision, especially in terms of fire safety.

Self-made rocket stoves are of little use for a bath, since they give off relatively little heat in the infrared range, which is very important for a steam room. The heat-emitting surfaces of the stove are too small and it will not be possible to heat the bath properly.

For reference. A factory-made Robinson metal rocket furnace is often used as a portable heat source. Craftsmen did not get confused even here and quickly modernized this product, making the same thing, only with a grate.

Balloon oven

This is one of the most simple options, for its implementation, you can use the drawing below. A propane cylinder with a diameter of 300 mm will serve as an excellent cap, and the role of a firebox and a loading hopper will play a role steel pipe size 150 mm. The inner vertical channel is made from a pipe with a diameter of 70 mm, and the chimney is 100 mm.

The structure is completely welded, the pipes are cut to the required length, and the upper part of the cylinder is cut off. Then the parts are welded according to the drawings, only the opening between the vertical pipes with a diameter of 70 and 150 mm is filled with loose heat-insulating material. Perlite or vermiculite can act as such, in extreme cases - ordinary sand.

If there is an opportunity and desire to make a more powerful rocket furnace, then a standard 200 liter barrel is used as a cap, then the dimensions of all parts also increase. Working inner tube is taken with a diameter of 129 mm (or profile 120 x 120 mm), and the outer one is 450 mm in size. It is difficult to find a pipe of this diameter, so they usually find another barrel of a smaller capacity and cut off the bottom of it.

The entire rocket furnace from a gas cylinder assembly is not very heavy, so there is no need to arrange a massive foundation for it. When the unit is placed on the floor, the legs are welded to it, and if a stove bench is subsequently planned, then the structure will have to be coated with a refractory compound, and then the outer lining will be made. Then basalt cardboard and a sheet of roofing iron are laid on the floor from below.

Brick oven

In terms of its design, a brick rocket furnace is not much different from a metal one, but it requires a lot of labor. The difference is that all the firing channels of the unit are made of fireclay bricks, and the cap is made from the same barrel.

The entire structure, except for the protruding hood, is recommended to be lowered below the floor level, for which a shallow hole is dug. Its bottom is compacted, and then a small concrete foundation 100 mm thick is poured over the formwork. After it hardens, they begin laying, using a solution of refractory clay. After the laying and hardening of the solution, the pit is filled up, and an iron barrel without a bottom is put on top of the fire channel, the cavity between it and the brick is covered with insulation.

The end of the structure is coated with the same solution, and then the largest barrel is put on the top - a cap. A chimney is welded to its lower part; drawings of a rocket furnace are used to clarify all dimensions.

Conclusion

For all its advantages, a do-it-yourself rocket stove cannot serve as a full-fledged source of heat to heat an entire house. It makes sense to start such a construction when it is necessary to organize heating small summer cottages or another similar building, especially since the "rocket" is not afraid of periodic work.

Imagine a situation: to heat the room at home or cook food, you need to quickly build a simple wood-burning stove. Fuel quality and consumption are secondary. Suitable option- a homemade rocket furnace made from scrap materials. We suggest that you familiarize yourself with the heater device and the assembly process at home.

Design and principle of operation

The rocket stove shown in the diagram consists of the following main elements:

• a bunker for laying firewood of a vertical or inclined structure;
• horizontally located combustion chamber;
• a lined pipe - an afterburner (the second common name is a riser);
• a metal cap that plays the role of an air heat exchanger;
• blew;
• chimney channel.

In operation, the furnace uses 2 principles: the occurrence of natural draft within the vertical section and the combustion of wood (pyrolysis) gases. The first is realized by heating the firebox and waste products of combustion, striving to rise through the afterburner channel. In it, the emitted pyrolysis gases burn out.

Reference. The name rocket or jet furnace is connected precisely with the principle of operation - a powerful natural draft arises in the vertical channel, causing intense combustion in the furnace and the release of heat.

The operation algorithm of the stove is as follows:

1. The firewood loaded into the bunker is ignited from below. The air supply is provided through the blower hatch.
2. In the process of combustion, flue gases warm up the insulated walls of the afterburner and rush under a hood made of thin metal, where they give off most of the heat to the air in the room.
3. With a sufficient amount of secondary air, the pyrolysis gases have time to burn inside the riser, releasing additional heat.
4. Combustion products are discharged directly into the chimney or first sent to the chimney of the bed.

Robinson Portable Stoves

In a simplified travel version, the stove is made without a cap and insulation. Accordingly, the secondary gases do not burn completely, since they have time to escape into the pipe. Small-sized portable heater called "Robinson" is intended for fast food food on fuel of any quality and degree of moisture.

Requirements for the dimensions of the elements

The main heat-exchange element of the rocket stove is a metal cap, the intensity of heating a room in a house depends on its size. In stationary brick-built structures, a 200-liter barrel with a diameter of 60 cm is usually used. Portable versions are made from standard gas cylinders Ø300 mm.

Scheme of a rocket heater with a stove bench

Accordingly, the rest of the dimensions dance from the dimensions of the barrel - the diameter and cross-sectional area:

• the height of the cap is provided for 1.5-2 times the diameter;
• the cross-sectional area of ​​the afterburner is 5-6.5% of the barrel diameter;
• the length of the riser is made such that a minimum gap of 7 cm remains between the upper cut of the pipe and the cover;
• the internal size of the firebox is equal to the cross-section of the afterburner, the blower channel is twice as small;
• chimney diameter - 1.5-2 times more than the afterburner section, height - at least 4 m.

To make it easier for you to calculate the diameters of pipes and lining, we present a drawing for different options rocket furnaces - from a cylinder, a barrel and old buckets (the riser is made of a round or shaped pipe).

We make a furnace - a rocket

The easiest way to make a light camp stove, shown in the drawing, by finding the following materials in the household:

• round steel pipe with a diameter of 133-150 mm and a length of 0.5 m;
• profile pipe 14 x 20 cm, length 0.4 m;
• metal sheet 2-3 mm thick on the grate;
• rod Ø8-10 mm for legs;
• scraps of iron on a stand.

Vertical round tube it is welded to the profile at an angle of 45 °, then the eyelets for the legs are attached to the body (they should be easily removed). A grate is placed inside the inclined firebox, and a cover is attached outside. For the convenience of ash cleaning, it is advisable to install a second door at the bottom.

Advice. Be sure to weld a stand to the upper cut of the firing channel - gases must penetrate between the bottom of the dish and the body, otherwise there will be no “rocket” thrust.

Drawing of the improved version of the portable oven

The design of the furnace can be improved by supplying secondary air to the inside of the flame tube. The modernization will increase the efficiency and duration of the firewood burning. Drill holes on both sides on both sides, covering them with rocket nozzles as shown in the drawing. How this stove functions is demonstrated in the video:

From a gas cylinder

The following materials will be used to make a furnace - rockets with their own hands:

• round pipes with cross-sectional dimensions of 70 and 150 mm; with a wall thickness of 4 mm;
• square pipe 150-200 mm in diameter;
• chimney pipe Ø10-15 cm;
• low-carbon steel (grade St20) sheet;
• dense basalt wool (80-120 kg / m3) or bulk fire-resistant materials, for example, vermiculite or perlite gravel.

First, cut the rolled metal into blanks in accordance with the drawing. Then you need to saw off the cover from the propane cylinder, after unscrewing the valve and filling the tank to the top with water. The tool is an ordinary grinder with a metal circle.

Further assembly technology is as follows:

Manufacturing details rocket stove from a balloon, the master will tell in a video:

Brick

The simplest rocket stove for cooking can be folded out of bricks without the use of mortar, as shown in the ordering diagram. Such a structure is not difficult to disassemble and move if necessary.

A rocket stove with a stove bench must be laid on a foundation made of concrete or rubble stone. Material - ceramic or refractory bricks, sandy-clay or fireclay mortar, respectively. The finished base is covered with roofing material for the purpose of waterproofing, then a continuous first row of bricks is laid. The further order of work looks like this:

Important. The construction is carried out in compliance with the rules of the stove masonry, painted.

The length of the smoke channels inside the bed is limited by the draft in the rocket furnace and the external chimney. It is better to maintain the total length of the flue pipes within 4 m. To prevent the heater from smoking back into the room, raise the top of the chimney to a height of 5 m, counting from the grate. How to build brick stove- a rocket without a barrel, watch the video:

In conclusion - the pros and cons of the stove

Such structures are really made quickly, and the performer does not need to be highly qualified. The first and main advantage of rocket-type furnaces is their simplicity and low demands on materials. In addition, they take a variety of fuels well - raw firewood, branches, brushwood, and so on.

Now on the negative points:

For the above reasons, a rocket heater is extremely inconvenient for a garage, where you need to heat the room quite quickly. But the hiking option is indispensable in nature at any time of the year.

Design engineer with over 8 years of experience in construction.
Graduated from the East Ukrainian National University. Vladimir Dahl with a degree in Electronic Industry Equipment in 2011.

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