Reactive furnace blueprints. Do-it-yourself rocket furnace made of long-burning brick

Among the diversity wood stoves such a heating device as a homemade rocket oven deserves special attention. She is different original design, which does not require expensive materials and components in the manufacture. Any person can make such a stove, even in the slightest degree versed in drawings and able to work with his hands. Our article should come to the aid of such home craftsmen, where it will be told about the design and principle of operation of the furnace - the rocket. Here you will also be given recommendations on how to make it from various materials.

How the rocket furnace works

Although the rocket stove device is quite simple, it successfully uses two whole principles of operation, borrowed from other types of solid fuel heating devices:

• the principle of afterburning wood gases released during combustion (pyrolysis);
• the principle of free flow of gases through the channels (without induction from the natural draft of the chimney).

Note. In the simplest rocket ovens for cooking, including the portable type, only the second principle works, since no favorable conditions are created for the pyrolysis process in them.

First, we will analyze the device of direct combustion rocket furnaces, intended only for cooking food. Here a short horizontal section of the pipe serves as a firebox, which then turns upward. The design is outrageously simple, as shown in the figure:

Fuel is put into the pipe and ignited, as a result of which an ascending stream of incandescent gases appears, tending to rise along the vertical section and go out. Here, at the cut of the pipe, a container for food or water is installed. Of course, a gap is provided between the pan and the pipe for the exit of combustion products. This is achieved through various metal supports.

For reference. The above rocket furnace device is one of the first. It is because of the upward-turned nozzle with the flame escaping from it, the device received the name of the rocket.

Since it is impossible to heat the premises with such a unit, the design of the heating rocket furnace was supplemented with a heat exchanger and channels for removing flue gas... To keep the high temperature in the vertical section of the pipe, it is insulated with any refractory material. Further, for intensive heat extraction, the nozzle is covered from above with a cap, for example, with an ordinary metal barrel. In the lower part of the horizontal fire tube, there is a separate channel for supplying secondary air.

Now the principle of operation of the rocket furnace looks a little different. First, at the end of the horizontal firing channel, pyrolysis gases are burned out due to the supply of secondary air. Secondly, the combustion products, which have a high temperature, accumulate under the top of the bell (barrel), creating some excess pressure. As heat is transferred outward through the metal walls, these gases cool and rush down.

Since the cooling gases are supported from below by a new hot stream, they cannot descend in the same way, but pass through the space between the walls of the pipe and barrel, safely leaving the chimney. The course of the processes is well reflected in the rocket furnace diagram:

So, thanks to pyrolysis, the efficiency of wood combustion increases, and the use of a free flow of gases creates a self-regulating system that limits the flow fresh air into the firebox. The air mixture is supplied as the combustion products cool down under the bell, making room for a new portion of it. Excessive pressure of incandescent gases "pushes" the cooled part outward, therefore the operation of the stove depends little on the presence of draft in the chimney.

Efficient heat extraction

The gases entering the chimney are still hot. It is inappropriate to just throw them out, everyone will understand that the efficiency of such an installation will be too low. Taking advantage of the fact that the rocket oven literally pushes the combustion products outward, the craftsmen have invented 2 ways of extracting heat:

• passing gases through the channels arranged under the bed;
• installing a water circuit on the stove.

A rocket furnace with a water circuit is made without a hood, the force of the upward flow of combustion products is used in a multi-pass heat exchanger made of metal. It is not recommended to introduce a coil with water into the gas flow; it will not last long due to too high a temperature. It would be more correct to make a water jacket with metal fins inside the flue, as shown in the diagram:

Another way is to lay horizontal chimney channels out of bricks directly on the floor surface and arrange a chic heated adobe bed on top by connecting a rocket-type oven to it. Here, the correct selection of the length of the channels is important so that the excess pressure is enough to overcome them, otherwise you still have to take care of the organization of natural traction.

Advantages and disadvantages

Homemade long-burning rocket furnaces have many admirers, and for the following reasons:

• simplicity and low cost of installation: in order to build such a heating device, you do not need to incur large costs for the purchase of expensive materials, fixtures and fittings. Experience in oven business is also required minimal;
• self-regulation and undemandingness to the natural draft of the chimney;
• The efficiency of a furnace - rocket is a variable value and largely depends on the design, the main thing is to select as much as possible thermal energy near flue gases;
• fuel can be added on the fly.

Despite the attractiveness and simplicity of the unit, heating with a rocket stove has its negative points. It is a mistake to think that you can shove firewood of any quality into the firebox. Damp wood will not give the required temperature in the chamber, the pyrolysis process will not proceed. In the worst case, smoke from the stove can rush into the room. Also, the "rocket" needs constant supervision, especially in terms of fire safety.

Self-made rocket stoves are of little use for a bath, since they give off relatively little heat in the infrared range, which is very important for a steam room. The heat-emitting surfaces of the stove are too small and it will not be possible to heat the bath properly.

For reference. A factory-made Robinson metal rocket furnace is often used as a portable heat source. Craftsmen did not get confused even here and quickly modernized this product, making the same thing, only with a grate.

Balloon oven

This is one of the simplest options; you can use the drawing below to implement it. A propane cylinder with a diameter of 300 mm will serve as an excellent cap, and the role of a firebox and a loading hopper will play a role steel pipe size 150 mm. The inner vertical channel is made from a pipe with a diameter of 70 mm, and the chimney is 100 mm.

The construction is completely welded, the pipes are cut to the required length, and the upper part of the cylinder is cut off. Then the parts are welded according to the drawings, only the opening between the vertical pipes with a diameter of 70 and 150 mm is filled with loose heat-insulating material. Perlite or vermiculite can act as such, in extreme cases - ordinary sand.

If there is an opportunity and desire to make a more powerful rocket furnace, then a standard 200 liter barrel is used as a cap, then the dimensions of all parts also increase. The working inner pipe is taken with a diameter of 129 mm (or a profile 120 x 120 mm), and the outer one is 450 mm in diameter. It is difficult to find a pipe of this diameter, so they usually find another barrel of a smaller capacity and cut off the bottom of it.

The entire rocket furnace from a gas cylinder assembly is not very heavy, so you do not need to arrange a massive foundation for it. When the unit is placed on the floor, the legs are welded to it, and if a stove bench is subsequently planned, then the structure will have to be coated with a refractory compound, and then the outer lining will be made. Then basalt cardboard and a sheet of roofing iron are laid on the floor from below.

Brick oven

In terms of its design, a brick rocket furnace is not much different from a metal one, but it requires a lot of labor. The difference is that all the firing channels of the unit are made of fireclay bricks, and the cap is made from the same barrel.

The entire structure, except for the protruding hood, is recommended to be lowered below the floor level, for which a shallow hole is dug. Its bottom is compacted, and then a small concrete foundation 100 mm thick is poured over the formwork. After it hardens, they begin laying, using a solution of refractory clay.After the masonry is finished and the solution has hardened, the pit is filled up, and an iron barrel without a bottom is put on top of the fire channel, the cavity between it and the brick is covered with insulation.

The end of the structure is coated with the same solution, and then the largest barrel is put on the top - a cap. A chimney pipe is welded to its lower part; drawings of a rocket furnace are used to clarify all dimensions.

Conclusion

For all its advantages, a self-made rocket stove cannot serve as a full-fledged source of heat for heating an entire house. It makes sense to start such a construction when it is necessary to organize heating small cottage or another similar building, especially since the "rocket" is not afraid of periodic work.

Imagine a situation: to heat the room at home or cook food, you need to quickly build a simple wood-burning stove. Fuel quality and consumption are secondary. Suitable option- a homemade rocket furnace made from scrap materials. We suggest that you familiarize yourself with the heater device and the assembly process at home.

Design and principle of operation

The rocket stove shown in the diagram consists of the following main elements:

• a bunker for laying firewood of a vertical or inclined structure;
• horizontally located combustion chamber;
• a lined pipe - an afterburner (the second common name is a riser);
• a metal cap that plays the role of an air heat exchanger;
• blew;
• chimney channel.

In operation, the furnace uses 2 principles: the occurrence of natural draft inside the vertical section and the combustion of wood (pyrolysis) gases. The first is realized by heating the firebox and waste products of combustion, striving to rise through the afterburner channel. In it, the emitted pyrolysis gases burn out.

Reference. The name rocket or jet furnace is connected precisely with the principle of operation - a powerful natural draft arises in the vertical channel, causing intense combustion in the furnace and the release of heat.

The operation algorithm of the stove is as follows:

1. Firewood loaded into the bunker is ignited from below. The air supply is provided through the blower hatch.
2. In the process of combustion, flue gases warm up the insulated walls of the afterburner and rush under a bell made of thin metal, where they give off most of the heat to the air in the room.
3. With a sufficient amount of secondary air, the pyrolysis gases have time to burn inside the riser, releasing additional heat.
4. Combustion products are discharged directly into the chimney or first sent to the chimney of the bed.

Versions of portable stoves "Robinson"

In a simplified travel version, the stove is made without a cap and insulation. Accordingly, the secondary gases do not burn completely, since they have time to escape into the pipe. A small portable heater called "Robinson" is intended for fast food food on fuel of any quality and degree of moisture.

Requirements for dimensions of elements

The main heat exchange element of the rocket stove is a metal cap, the intensity of heating a room in a house depends on its size. In stationary brick-built structures, a 200-liter barrel with a diameter of 60 cm is usually used. Portable versions are made from standard gas cylinders Ø300 mm.

Scheme of a rocket heater with a stove bench

Accordingly, the rest of the dimensions dance from the dimensions of the barrel - the diameter and cross-sectional area:

• the height of the cap is provided for 1.5-2 times the diameter;
• the cross-sectional area of ​​the afterburner is 5-6.5% of the barrel diameter;
• the length of the riser is made such that a minimum gap of 7 cm remains between the upper cut of the pipe and the cover;
• the internal size of the firebox is equal to the cross-section of the afterburner, the blower channel is twice as small;
• chimney diameter - 1.5-2 times more than the afterburner section, height - at least 4 m.

To make it easier for you to calculate the diameters of pipes and lining, we present a drawing for different options rocket furnaces - from a cylinder, a barrel and old buckets (the riser is made of a round or shaped pipe).

We make a furnace - a rocket

The easiest way to make a light camp stove, shown in the drawing, by finding the following materials in the household:

• round steel pipe with a diameter of 133-150 mm and a length of 0.5 m;
• profile pipe 14 x 20 cm, length 0.4 m;
• metal sheet 2-3 mm thick on the grate;
• rod Ø8-10 mm for legs;
• scraps of iron on a stand.

Vertical round tube it is welded to the profile at an angle of 45 °, then the eyelets for the legs are attached to the body (they should be easily removed). A grate is placed inside the inclined firebox, and a cover is attached outside. For the convenience of cleaning the ash, it is advisable to install a second door at the bottom.

Advice. Be sure to weld a stand to the upper cut of the firing channel - gases must penetrate between the bottom of the dish and the body, otherwise there will be no “rocket” thrust.

Drawing of the improved version of the portable oven

The design of the furnace can be improved by supplying secondary air to the inside of the flame tube. The modernization will improve the efficiency and duration of the firewood burning. Drill holes on both sides on both sides, covering them with rocket nozzles as shown in the drawing. How this stove functions is demonstrated in the video:

From a gas cylinder

The following materials will be used to make a furnace - rockets with their own hands:

• round pipes with cross-sectional dimensions of 70 and 150 mm; with a wall thickness of 4 mm;
• square pipe 150-200 mm in diameter;
• chimney pipe Ø10-15 cm;
• low-carbon steel (grade St20) sheet;
• dense basalt wool (80-120 kg / m3) or bulk fire-resistant materials, for example, vermiculite or perlite gravel.

First, cut the rolled metal into blanks in accordance with the drawing. Then you need to saw off the cover from the propane cylinder, after unscrewing the valve and filling the tank to the top with water. The tool is an ordinary grinder with a metal circle.

Further assembly technology is as follows:

Manufacturing details rocket stove from a balloon, the master will tell in a video:

Brick

The simplest rocket stove for cooking can be folded out of bricks without the use of mortar, as shown in the diagram with orders. Such a structure is not difficult to disassemble and move if necessary.

A rocket stove with a stove bench must be laid on a foundation made of concrete or rubble stone. Material - ceramic or refractory bricks, sandy-clay or fireclay mortar, respectively. The finished base is covered with roofing material for the purpose of waterproofing, then a continuous first row of bricks is laid. The further order of work looks like this:

Important. The construction is carried out in compliance with the rules of the stove masonry, painted.

The length of the smoke channels inside the bed is limited by the draft in the rocket furnace and the external chimney. It is better to maintain the total length of the gas ducts within 4 m. To prevent the heater from smoking back into the room, raise the top of the chimney to a height of 5 m, counting from the grate. How to build a brick stove - a rocket without a barrel, look at the video:

In conclusion - the pros and cons of the stove

Such structures are really made quickly, and the performer does not need to be highly qualified. The first and main advantage of rocket-type furnaces is their simplicity and low demands on materials. In addition, they take a wide variety of fuels well - raw firewood, branches, brushwood, and so on.

Now about the negative points:

For the above reasons, a rocket heater is extremely inconvenient for a garage, where you need to heat the room quite quickly. But the hiking option is indispensable in nature at any time of the year.

Design engineer with over 8 years of experience in construction.
Graduated from the East Ukrainian National University. Vladimir Dahl with a degree in Electronic Industry Equipment in 2011.

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A do-it-yourself rocket stove, the drawings of which most home craftsmen would probably like to have in their archives, can be made, in principle, even within one day, since its design is not complicated at all. If you have the skills to work with tools, read drawings, have in store necessary materials, then making a simple stove of this type will not be difficult. It should be noted that it can be made from the most different materials, which are on hand, but much will depend on where the oven is planned to be installed. The rocket stove has a slightly different operating principle from other heating devices, and can be either stationary or portable.

Stationary rocket stoves are installed inside the house along the walls or on the area designated for cooking in the courtyard of the house. If the stove is installed indoors, then it is capable of heating a room with an area of ​​up to 50 sq. m.

Portable versions of the rocket stove are usually quite small and can easily fit in the trunk of a car. Therefore, when traveling, for example, to a picnic or to a summer cottage, such a stove will help both boil water and cook dinner. Moreover, the fuel consumption in the rocket furnace is very low; even dry branches, splinters or bunches of grass can be used as it.

The principle of operation of the rocket-type stove

Despite the simplicity of the rocket furnace device, its design uses two principles of operation, which the developers borrowed from other types of furnaces operating on. So, for its effective work, the following principles are taken:

• The principle of free circulation of gases released from the fuel through the created furnace channels, without the forced creation of a chimney draft.
• The principle of afterburning of pyrolysis gases released during fuel combustion in the mode of insufficient oxygen supply.

In the simplest designs of rocket ovens, which are used only for cooking, only the first principle of operation can operate, since it is rather difficult to create in them the necessary conditions for the flow of pyrolysis and the organization of gas afterburning.

To understand the structures and understand how they work, you need to consider some of them one by one.

The simplest design of a rocket stove

To begin with, it is worth considering the simplest device of a direct combustion rocket furnace. As a rule, such devices are used only for heating water or for cooking, and only outdoors. As you can see from the figure below, these are two pipe sections connected by a right-angle bend.

The firebox for such a furnace design is the horizontal part of the pipe, and the fuel is put into it. Often the firebox has a vertical loading - in this case, for the manufacture the simplest stove three elements are used - these are two pipes of different heights, installed vertically and connected from below by a common horizontal channel. The lower pipe will serve as a firebox. For the manufacture of a stationary version of the simplest design scheme, it is often used installed on a heat-resistant solution.

To achieve higher efficiency, the furnace was improved, and additional elements appeared, for example, a pipe was installed in a housing, which increases the heating of the structure.

1 - outer metal body of the furnace.

2 - pipe - combustion chamber.

3 - a channel formed by a bridge under the fuel chamber and intended for free passage of air into the combustion area.

4 - the space between the pipe (riser) and the body, densely filled with a heat-insulating compound, for example, ash.

The heating of the oven is as follows. A light combustible material, for example, paper, is first put into the firebox, and when it ignites, chips or other main fuel are thrown into the fire. As a result of the intensive combustion process, incandescent gases are formed that rise along the vertical channel of the pipe and go outside. A container for boiling water or cooking food is installed on the open section of the pipe.

An important condition for the intensity of fuel combustion is the creation of a gap between the pipe and the installed container. If its opening is completely closed, then combustion inside the structure will stop, since there will be no draft, which provides air supply to the combustion area and raises the heated gases up. To avoid problems with this, a removable or stationary support for the container is installed on the upper edge of the pipe.

This diagram shows a simple structure, on the loading opening of which a door is installed. And to create thrust, a special channel is provided, which forms the lower wall of the combustion chamber and a plate welded at a distance of 7 ÷ 10 mm from it. Even when the firebox door is completely closed, the air supply will not stop. In this scheme, the second principle is already starting to work - without active access of oxygen to the burning ones, the pyrolysis process can begin, and the continuous supply of "secondary" air will contribute to the afterburning of the released gases. But for a full-fledged process, one more is still missing. important condition- high-quality thermal insulation of the secondary combustion chamber, since certain temperature conditions are required for the combustion of gases.

1 - air channel in the combustion chamber, through which blowing is carried out when the furnace door is closed;

2 - zone of the most active heat exchange;

3 - ascending stream of incandescent gases.

Video: a variant of the simplest rocket furnace from an old cylinder

Advanced rocket furnace design

The design, designed for both cooking and heating the room, is equipped not only with a fire door and a second body, which serves as a good external heat exchanger, but also with an upper hob. Such a rocket stove can already be installed inside the premises of the house, and the chimney from it is brought out into the street. After carrying out such a modernization of the furnace, its efficiency increases significantly, since the device acquires many useful properties:

• Due to the second outer casing and heat-resistant heat-insulating materials that thermally insulate the main pipe of the furnace (riser), hermetic closure of the upper part of the structure, the heated air retains the high temperature for much longer.

• In the lower part of the body, a channel for the supply of secondary air began to be mounted, successfully carrying out the necessary blowing, for which in simplest design an open firebox was used.
• The chimney in a closed structure is not located on top, as in a simple rocket furnace, but in the lower rear of the body. Thanks to this, the heated air does not go directly into the chimney, but gets the opportunity to circulate through the internal channels of the appliance, heating, first of all, the hob, and then diverging inside the body, ensuring its heating. In turn, the outer casing gives off heat to the surrounding air.

This diagram clearly shows the whole process of the furnace operation: in the fuel hopper (pos. 1), the fuel is pre-burned (pos. 2) in the mode of insufficient air supply "A" - this is regulated by the damper (pos. 3). The resulting hot pyrolysis gases enter the end of the horizontal firing channel (pos. 5), where they are burned out. This process takes place due to good thermal insulation and the implementation of a continuous supply of "secondary" air "B" through a specially provided channel (item 4).

Further, hot air rushes into the inner pipe of the structure, called the riser (pos. 7), rises along it under the "ceiling" of the body, which is the hob (pos. 10), providing it with high-temperature heating. Then the gas flow passes through the space between the riser and the outer casing-drum (item 6), providing heating of the casing for further heat exchange with air in the room. Then the gases go down and only then go into the chimney (pos. 11).

To achieve maximum heat transfer from the fuel and to provide the necessary conditions for complete combustion of pyrolysis gases, it is important to maintain the highest and stable temperature in the riser channel (item 7) For this, the riser pipe is enclosed in another pipe larger diameter- the shell (pos. 8), and the space between them is tightly clogged with a heat-resistant mineral composition (pos. 9), which will serve as thermal insulation (a kind of lining). For these purposes, for example, a mixture of kiln masonry clay with chamotte sand (in a 1: 1 ratio) can be used. Some craftsmen prefer to simply fill this space very tightly with sifted sand.

The design of this version of the rocket furnace consists of the following units and elements:

• A top-loading firebox with a lid with a secondary air intake chamber located in its lower part.
• The furnace passes into a horizontally located firing channel, at the end of which pyrolysis gas is burned out.
• The incandescent gas flow rises along a vertical channel (riser) to the hermetically sealed "ceiling" of the case, where it gives off part of the thermal energy to the horizontal stove - the hob. Then, under the pressure of hotter gases that follow, it diverges into the heat exchange channels, giving off heat to the surfaces of the drum, and goes down.
• In the lower part of the furnace, there is an entrance to the horizontal pipe channels that run under the entire surface of the bed. Moreover, one, two or more turns can be laid in this space. corrugated pipe, in the form of a coil through which hot air circulates, heating the bed. This heat exchanger pipe is connected at the end to a chimney that is led out through the wall of the house.

• It should be noted that in the case of making a bed of bricks, the channels can also be laid out of this material, without the use of metal corrugated pipes.
• The heated stove and stove bench, giving off heat to the room, will themselves serve as a kind of "battery" capable of heating an area of ​​up to 50 m².

The metal drum of the kiln can be made from a barrel, gas cylinder or other durable containers, and also made of bricks. Usually, the material is chosen by the craftsmen themselves as far as financially possible and convenience of work.

A rocket stove with a brick stove bench looks more neat, and it is somewhat easier to install than the clay version, but the cost of materials will be about the same.

Video: another original solution to increase the efficiency of heating a rocket furnace

We add upbrickrocket furnacewith a couch

What do you need to work?

The brick heating structure proposed for execution is designed according to the principle of a rocket furnace. The size of the structure with standard brick parameters (250 × 120 × 65 mm) will be 2540 × 1030 × 1620 mm.

Our task is to make such an original rocket oven with a warm stove out of bricks.

It should be noted that the structure is, as it were, divided into three parts:

• The furnace itself - its size is 505 × 1620 × 580 mm;
• Furnace compartment - 390 × 250 × 400 mm;
• Lounger 1905 × 755 × 620 mm + 120 mm headrest.

The following materials are required for laying the stove:

• Red bricks - 435 pcs.;
• Blowing door 140 × 140 mm - 1 pc .;
• Cleaning door 140 × 140 mm - 1 pc .;
• The furnace door is desirable (250 × 120 mm - 1 pc.), Otherwise there is a risk of smoke in the room.
• Cooking plate 505 × 580 mm - 1 pc .;
• Rear metal panel-shelf 370 × 365 mm - 1 pc .;
• Asbestos sheet 2.5 ÷ 3 mm thick to create a spacer between metal elements and bricks.
• Chimney with a diameter of 150 mm, with a 90˚ bend.
• Clay and sand for mortar or ready-made heat-resistant mixture. It should be noted here that for 100 bricks laid flat, with a joint width of 5 mm, 20 liters of mortar will be required.

The design of this top-loading rocket-furnace is quite simple, trouble-free and efficient in operation, but only if its laying is done with high quality, in full accordance with the order.

In the absence of experience in the work of a bricklayer and stove-maker, but a great desire to independently establish such heater, it is worthwhile to play it safe, and to begin with, fold the structure "dry", without mortar. This process will help you figure out the location of the brick in each of the rows.

In addition, in order for the seams to be of the same width, it is recommended to prepare calibration wooden or plastic slats for masonry, which will be laid on the previous row before laying the next one. After the mortar has set, it will be easy to remove them.

Under the laying of such a furnace, it is necessary to have an even and solid base. Despite the fact that the structure is quite compact, and its weight is not as great as, for example, in the Russian stove, a floor made of thin boards is not suitable for its installation. In the case when the floor, although it is wooden, is very durable, before starting laying under the future stove, it is imperative to lay and fix heat-resistant material, for example, asbestos 5 mm thick.

Ordering a brick rocket oven with a stove bench:

Illustration	Brief description of the performed operation
	The first row is laid out solid, and the brick should lie in exact accordance with the pattern shown in the diagram - this will give the whole base strength. For masonry, 62 red bricks are required. The diagram clearly shows the connection of all three sections of the furnace. The corners on the side bricks of the front of the firebox are cut or rounded off - so the structure will look neat.
	Second row. At this stage of work, internal chimney channels are laid through which gases heated in the firebox will pass, giving off heat to the bricks of the stove bench. The channels are connected to the combustion chamber, which also begins to form in this row. The first brick of the wall dividing the two channels under the stove bench is cut obliquely - this "nook" will collect non-burnt combustion products, and the cleaning door, installed opposite the bevel, will allow you to easily clean it. For laying a row, 44 bricks are required.
	On the second row, the doors of the blowing and cleaning chambers are mounted, which are necessary for periodically putting the ash chamber and internal horizontal channels in order. The doors are secured with wire, which is twisted on the ears of the cast-iron elements, and then laid in the seams of the masonry.
	Third row. It almost completely repeats the configuration of the second row, but, of course, taking into account the laying in a bandage, and therefore it also requires 44 bricks.
	Fourth row. At this stage, the channels passing inside the bed are overlapped with a continuous layer of brick. The opening of the furnace is left, and a channel is formed, which will heat the hob and discharge the combustion products into the chimney. In addition, a rotary horizontal channel is blocked from above, which removes the heated air under the bed. For laying a row, you need to prepare 59 bricks.
	Fifth row. The next step is to overlap the bed with a second cross layer of brick. The chimney ducts and the firebox also continue to be removed. 60 bricks are being prepared for the row.
	Sixth row. The first row of the headrest of the bench is laid out, and the part of the oven, on which the hob will be installed, begins to rise. The chimney ducts are still led out in it. For a row, 17 bricks are needed.
	Seventh row. The laying of the headrest is being completed, for which bricks cut obliquely are used. The second row of the base rises under the hob. For masonry, 18 bricks are required.
	Eighth row. The furnace structure is being laid with three channels. It takes 14 bricks.
	The ninth and tenth rows are similar to the previous, eighth, laid out according to the same pattern, alternately, in a bandage. Each row uses 14 bricks.
	11th row. Continuation of masonry according to the scheme. This row will take 13 bricks.
	12th row. At this stage, a hole is formed for installing the chimney. The hole fed under the slab is supplied with a brick cut obliquely for a smoother flow of heated air into the adjacent channel leading to the lower horizontal channels located in the bed. 11 bricks were used per row.
	13th row. The base for the slab is formed, and the central and side channels are combined. It is through it that hot air will flow under the stove, and then flow into a vertical channel leading under the stove bench. 10 bricks are laid.
	13th row. On the same row, the base is prepared for laying the hob. For this, a heat-resistant material - asbestos - is laid along the perimeter of the space in which two vertical channels were combined.
	13th row. Then, a solid metal plate is laid on top of the asbestos gasket. In this case, it is not recommended to install a hob with opening burners, since when they are opened, smoke can enter the room.
	14th row. The opening for the chimney is blocked and the wall that separates the hob from the stove area rises. Only 5 bricks are used for the row.
	15th row. This row lifting the wall will also require 5 bricks.
	15th row. On the same row, in continuation back wall, Near hob a metal shelf is fixed, which can be used as a cutting board. It attaches to brackets.
	15th row. The schematic picture well simulates how the hob can be used. In this case, the pan is placed exactly on the part of the stove that will warm up first, since a hot air stream will pass under it.
	After completing all the works described in the order, a chimney is embedded in the hole from the back of the stove, which is led out into the street.
	From the back, the structure also looks quite neat, so it can be installed both near the wall and in the middle of the room. Such a stove is perfect for heating in a country house. If the stove and chimney are decorated finishing materials, then the building can become an original addition, and very functional, for any private house. As you can see, the corner under the chopping shelf is very convenient for drying and storing firewood.
	To fully consider the structure, you need to see its projection from the front side.
	And the last picture shows well what should be the result of the work done, if you look at the stove from the side of the stove bench.

In conclusion, I would like to especially note that the design of the rocket furnace can be called one of the simplest and most affordable for self-made, compared to other heating devices. Therefore, if a similar goal is set - to acquire a stove in the house, but experience in such work is clearly not enough, then it is best to choose this particular option, since, when building it, it is difficult to make a mistake in the configuration of its internal channels.

A simple heating device, which is not much inferior to a potbelly stove in popularity, is a rocket stove. It runs on wood, and the design scheme is so simple that manufacturing is possible on your own. The stove can also be made economical - many people think that looking like a potbelly stove means the gluttony of the combustion chamber, but no. There are schemes that work on smoldering wood (pyrolysis), which means they are economical with the same efficiency.

Why a rocket and why a jet

Such a stove is often called a "rocket", but not because the wood burns in it at high speed, but because of the shape of the structure - the traditional version of the rocket stove is made of two pieces of iron pipes welded together. The unit resembles a rocket on baby drawing... The use of a simplified form allows you to make it in less than a day. The adjective “reactive” is also applied to the stove, but also not because of the rate of fuel combustion, but because of the peculiarities of combustion - at a certain stage of air supply to the firebox, it begins to hum strongly, as if the turbocharging of the injectors in the engine is turned on.

The humming of the furnace is an ineffective and wasteful combustion mode. During normal operation, it emits a quiet rustle.

Any owner of a country or country house has in the workshop at least a minimum set of carpentry, locksmith and automotive repair tools. So they will help in the manufacture of a miracle rocket, plus drawings and a minimum supply of materials: pipes or metal boxes, a sheet of iron and - during the construction of a stationary version - brick and mortar on clay. Now it becomes clear that the jet furnace is made portable or stationary, for example, for heating a house or a bath.

If a stationary jet furnace will heat the house, then it is placed along outer wall... Correctly designed and equipped, it can heat a house up to 50m 2. Also, the oven is installed in an open area - on personal plot, and used as summer option for cooking food.

How does a rocket-type stove work

The device is the simplest - two principles of fuel combustion, borrowed from other stoves:

1. Natural circulation of hot gases and smoke through the channels of the stove is a standard solution, like in a stove.
2. Afterburning of unburned gases (pyrolysis) with limited access of oxygen to the combustion chamber.

The scheme of the simplest jet stove, which is intended only for cooking, uses the natural combustion of wood - in an open chamber it is impossible to create conditions for maintaining the pyrolysis reaction and afterburning of unburned gases.

Let us consider a simple design of a direct combustion rocket-rocket furnace, which is traditionally installed in a courtyard in an open area. It can be used to quickly heat water or prepare a meal for a family on vacation. From the figure below, it becomes clear that such a sample will require two sections of a cylindrical or rectangular iron pipe, which are connected to each other by welding at an angle of 90 0.

A horizontal section of a metal box acts as a combustion chamber - firewood is laid there. Also, fuel loading can be organized vertically - add a vertical iron cylinder on top of the horizontal pipe for loading firewood. Thus, you get a structure of three pipes or boxes, the lowest of which (horizontal) will work as a firebox. In a stationary scheme, the simplest stove design often uses red brick, which is placed on a clay mortar.

The efficiency of the structure cannot be called satisfactory, so the craftsmen figured out how to increase the efficiency of its work. An additional element is another pipe of a larger diameter (as you can see, all materials are available and cheap), into which the main pipe of the riser stove (primary chimney) is installed. This increases the overall heating and the duration of heat retention.

In the diagram:

1. Outer casing.
2. A pipe that serves as a firebox.
3. A duct for air outlet to the combustion chamber.
4. Insulated area between the body and the riser. The same ash can serve as a heater.

How to heat

The Robinson reactive furnace is heated according to the principle of kindling a fire - paper, hay, straw or other rapidly combustible material is laid first, then small chips or large shavings. The last logs are laid in the size of the firebox. Hot combustion products rise along the vertical pipe (2) and go out. A pot or water tank can be placed on the open end of the pipe (2).

In order for the fuel to burn continuously and actively, it is necessary to provide a gap between the outlet pipe (2) and the pan with water using a special lattice metal support.

The diagram below shows a simple device with a door on the fuel loading hole. Air draft is formed due to the presence of a special channel formed by the lower surface of the furnace and an iron plate welded 8-10 mm from the combustion chamber. Such a design will forcibly pump air, even if the door is closed completely. It can be seen from the diagram that the structure is also designed for operation in the pyrolysis mode, while a constant flow of a "secondary" air stream will burn the exhaust gases. But in order for the afterburning to take place at 100%, it is necessary to equip the thermal insulation of the secondary chamber in which the gas burns out in order to provide the necessary temperature indicators for pyrolysis.

In the diagram:

1. Forced channel for blowing air when the fire door is closed.
2. Active combustion area.
3. Burnt gases.

The improved scheme provides not only the possibility of heating the surrounding space, but also cooking, for which the upper hob is designed. Total: to the most simple option"Rockets", you can add an outer casing, which will additionally heat the room, the furnace door, blowing air to maintain the pyrolysis mode and the stove for cooking food. This scheme can already be implemented in the house itself, and not in the yard, since the chimney pipe is brought out. This minor upgrade greatly improves the efficiency of the model. So, a do-it-yourself rocket furnace, the drawings of which are presented below, has the following capabilities:

1. Due to the embedding of the outer casing from a pipe of a larger diameter and its insulation, which creates a heat-insulating layer for the riser, and also due to the possibility of hermetically closing the upper pipe, hot air cools down much longer.
2. In the lower section of the stove, a separate blower channel has been added, which makes it possible to organize pyrolysis combustion.
3. The chimney in such a scheme is recommended to be placed not vertically at the top, but at the bottom behind on the body, which will allow organizing additional circulation of hot streams through the internal channels of the stove, ensuring rapid heating of the hob and the entire insulated body.

In the firebox (1), the fuel does not burn completely (2), since the air supply is not carried out in full, this is the "A" mode, which can be controlled using the damper (3). Hot, but not burned out from pyrolysis gases are supplied to the end section of the firing channel (5), in which they are burned out. Afterburning provides high-quality thermal insulation and a constant flow of "secondary" air in the "B" mode through channel (4).

Then the hot stream enters the inner riser (7), rises up to the cooking plate (10) and heats it. Then hot air enters the volume (6) between the outside and inner pipes, insulated with a layer of ash (4, 9), heats the furnace body, which gives off heat to the room. Finally, the cooled air goes down to enter the chimney (11) and out.

Stably heat in the riser (7) provides maximum heat output and creates conditions for complete combustion of gases by placing the riser in a larger pipe - shell (8). The free space is filled with ash or other refractory substance (9) for lining - it can also be a solution of ordinary clay with sand in a ratio of 1: 3.

The palm of popularity belongs to the industrial model "Robinson" - it is simple, but robust design... Having such a mobile stove, you can quickly cook food or heat water in the country or on a hike. Structurally, this is an inverted L-shaped pipe, as shown in the diagrams below.

Firewood is laid in the horizontal section of the fuel receiver, and ignition is carried out from the side from which the vertical pipe enters. In the L-shaped pipe, due to the pressure difference between hot and cold air, thrust arises, and the combustion intensity will only increase as the furnace body heats up. The air supply is regulated by a slide damper.

The furnace works on the principle of energy consumption of the natural flow of hot gases. It turns out a closed cycle: when the temperature rises, the fuel starts to burn more actively and the chamber and the hob heat up faster. As a result, "Robinson" is able to heat 10 liters of water in 10 minutes, if you put the tank on an already warm surface. The diagram shows that the hob in "Robinson" has a thick heat-insulating layer, which makes it possible to put large diameter chocks in the firebox.

Stationary oven

Stationary models have a hood to keep the heat in the room longer. In such a stove, fuel combustion occurs according to a different scenario. The beginning of the firewood combustion process is the same - the air supply is limited. This causes the release of pyrolysis gases, which are afterburned in the lower section of a vertical pipe or duct, where the secondary air is supplied separately.

The hot gas, once at the top, begins to cool down and sinks into the free interchamber volume, and then into the chimney. It goes like this:

1. The forces of gravity cause colder, and therefore, heavier, burnt gases to rush down, where they enter the chimney.
2. This is facilitated by the constantly maintained pressure from the placed firewood and the consistently high temperature of the gases.
3. Natural draft in the chimney.

It all creates effective conditions for burning firewood and it becomes possible to attach a smoke channel with arbitrary geometry to the "rocket". Basically, long and complex chimneys are needed in order to better heat the room.

The main disadvantage of all solid fuel stoves is the inability to retain most of the heat in the house. But positive traits allow you to neutralize negative moments - the high speed of the gas outlet allows you to organize complex vertical or horizontal chimneys with several channels. The implementation of this principle in practice is the Russian stove. In a jet furnace with a horizontal multi-channel chimney, it is also possible to equip warm bed as shown in the diagram below.

A rocket-rocket stove is an option for home heating, cheaper than which is only a gift. A person familiar with the basics of construction can fold a combined brick oven in a design suitable for any home interior... The main task of upgrading appearance there will be decoration of the iron cap and the firebox lid - everything else will not be in sight.

Combined brick-metal barrel oven

It is stationary, because the structure cannot be moved. The fuel chamber and chimney are laid out of fireclay bricks, valves and doors are made of metal. Brick gives off heat very slowly, so the room will be warm for a long time.

High efficiency is not the strong point of such models, but good heat transfer can be achieved by adjusting the air supply to the chamber, without seeking to enter the combustion mode, in which the stove begins to "roar" and "hum".

In order to somehow minimize heat losses during the operation of this simple structure, many craftsmen build a water circuit into the furnace and connect a reservoir for hot water... Also, the construction of a bed with a multi-channel horizontal chimney contributes to the preservation of heat in the room. Negative qualities of "missile" models that cannot be minimized or removed:

1. Constant monitoring and adjustment of traction is necessary - no automation devices are provided.
2. Every 2-3 hours you need to load a new batch of firewood.
3. The iron hood is heated to dangerous temperatures.

The simplest and cheapest option is the Robinson model, which is shown in the drawing below. For its manufacture, you need cuttings of pipes or a rectangular profile box, metal corners for legs, a welding machine. Its dimensions are selected based on the dimensions of the blanks. The main thing is to adhere to the observance of the principle of action, and not the size.

For a home-made design, they often take gas cylinders or barrels of 200 liters - thick walls and a suitable size are as much as possible as intended. Both are used for the manufacture of the outer case, and the internal elements are made from pipes of a smaller diameter or brought out in bricks - halves, quarters or whole.

There is no general formula for calculating heat transfer for all models of a rocket stove, so the option of using ready-made calculations based on the principle of similarity of schemes is quite suitable. The main thing is that the size of the future "rocket" should at least approximately correspond to the volume of the heated room. For example, for a garage it will do gas bottle, for a country house - a two-hundred-liter barrel. An approximate selection of internal elements is shown in the diagram below.

Iron cylinder furnace

1. Cylinder - gas, oxygen, carbon dioxide.
2. Pipe ≥ 150 mm for fuel and loading chambers.
3. Pipes 70 and 150 mm - for an internal vertical chimney.
4. Pipes 150 mm - for the outlet chimney.
5. Insulation of any type, necessarily non-flammable.
6. Sheet metal blanks H = 3 mm.

The top of the cylinder is cut by welding. For safety reasons, it is best to open the stopcock on it and fill it with water before cutting. On the sides, you need to cut openings for the fuel chamber and chimney. The pipe for the firebox is connected to the vertical pipe of the chimney from the bottom of the cylinder.

After installing the internal elements, the cut top is welded back. The seams are checked visually, the main chimney is connected. If there is a water circuit, it also joins. After that, the rocket furnace can be tested.

Sufficient draft is ensured by the height of the chimney - it must be raised above the firebox by at least 4 meters.

How to lay out a brick firebox

Such a model requires the use of only fireclay (clay) bricks - ceramic or silicate bricks will immediately crack. The laying is carried out on clay mortar, the proportions of the composition are indicated above. A pit is dug under the base of the stove, the soil at the bottom is rammed and poured concrete mortar... The size of the foundation is 1200x400x100 mm.

After the base has hardened, it is protected with a sheet of basalt cardboard, then they begin to lay out the firebox, vertical chimney and loading chamber. From the front of the firebox, a door for ash removal is attached. After the clay mortar has dried, the trench is filled up, a pipe is inserted into the vertical chimney required diameter... The cavities between the brick and the pipe should be filled with insulation - basalt wool, ash or other non-combustible material, for example, asbestos.

Now a 600 mm diameter cap is placed on the masonry - a cut-out cover from a metal barrel will do. Before installation, a hole is cut in it, into which a branch pipe is inserted under the chimney. Putting on this cap, the barrel should be turned over, and the branch pipe will be where it is needed. Then the chimney is brought out - either directly to the street, or through the arrangement of a lounger with horizontal chimney channels. The lounger can be laid out with ordinary silicate bricks, since the temperature of the gases will already be low.

The rocket stove is widely known throughout as a long-burning solid fuel heating structure. To achieve maximum efficiency I had to work hard. A liquid fuel stove is capable of giving up all its energy, but wood is more difficult to process. To reveal the full potential of wood, a chamber for post-combustion of gases was equipped in jet furnaces.

The Shirokov-Khramtsov rocket or rocket furnace got its name not because of its connection with space. The point is in the shape of the device and the noise that is created during operation, reminiscent of the operation of a rocket. But this sound indicates that the oven is not being used correctly.

Types of long burning rocket furnaces:

• Portable (mobile);
• Stationary (for heating).

The most popular rocket model is the Robinson. It is often used on hikes. Thanks to the small portable apparatus, you can understand the principle of operation of the jet furnaces. The shape of the oven resembles the letter "L".

If the stove makes too much noise and hums during operation, then such a mode is ineffective and expensive. Normally, there should be a quiet sound, a little rustling.

The reactive furnace has a receiving hopper. This is the horizontal part of the pipe. In the channel itself, a thrust arises, it is this that affects the intensity of combustion, which heats the body. That is why it is advised to limit the supply of oxygen. Otherwise, the wood will quickly burn out and all the heat will evaporate.

The furnace is powered by a jet draft due to the natural flow of hot air. The higher the temperature of the furnace walls, the better the wood burns. This allows you to quickly heat water in a large container, which is indispensable for a road trip. If you equip the pipe with thermal insulation, then after warming up, thick logs can be burned.

Do-it-yourself rocket furnace: advantages, drawings, disadvantages

The conventional oven design can be improved if desired. So the potbelly stove loses a lot of heat, but, equipping the device with a water circuit or brickwork, you can solve these problems. For all these manipulations, drawings are made.

Advantages of jet furnaces:

1. Simple and budget-friendly design. You can use materials at hand, without significant financial costs. All work can be done by hand, special knowledge and skills are not required.
2. You can independently control the combustion by choosing the desired intensity.
3. High efficiency. In general, it all depends on the quality of the installation. The main thing is to take the maximum energy from the flue gases.

But such a simple and convenient design also has significant drawbacks. So you need to select a special fuel for the stove. Do not use damp wood, otherwise pyrolysis will not occur. The firebox may start to smoke profusely, and all gases will be directed into the house. In addition, the rocket furnace requires increased safety requirements.

The most popular portable model is the Robinson rocket furnace. It was modified and a grate was added.

Homemade jet ovens are not used to heat the bath. They are ineffective in infrared light, which plays an important role in the steam room. Surface structures have a small heating area, so they cannot heat the bath.

Drawings of a jet furnace from a gas cylinder and other types

Long burning stoves are divided into stationary and mobile. Mobile ovens used in hikes, picnics, in nature for heating and cooking. Stationary ones are used to heat a house, outbuildings, greenhouses, and a garage. At the same time, 4 types of structures are distinguished.

Types of jet furnaces:

• Homemade camping stove from metal pipes, buckets, cans;
• Reactive design from a gas cylinder;
• Brick oven with a metal container;
• Stove with a stove bench.

The portable structure is equipped with pipe sections. The only difference concerns the installed ash pan. For the lower part, a grate can be used.

A device from a gas cylinder is more difficult to build, but significantly increases the efficiency. For the installation of the structure, a barrel or gas cylinder is required. The firewood in the firebox burns due to the oxygen inflow by loading through a special window.

Gases burn out in the pipe, which is located inside the structure, due to the supply of secondary air. The effect is enhanced by insulating the inner chamber. Hot air is placed in the hood, and then into the outer chamber. The combustion products are removed through the chimney.

To create a draft, the top of the chimney is placed 4 cm above the loading window.

The combined brick and metal model is a stationary structure. Due to its high heat capacity, the wood-burning stove stores and releases heat for several hours. That is why living quarters are heated with such a design.

The rocket unit with a stove bench is an improved device that is able to retain heat for longer. Since some of the heat comes out through the chimney, its length was increased. Due to the rapid excision of hot gases and a larger chimney, this problem was solved.

This is how massive stoves with a stove bench are obtained, which are similar to a sofa or bed. These are stationary devices made of brick or stone. Thanks to its unique design, the stove is able to retain heat throughout the night.

Diy drawings of the Ognivo stove and other models

It is best to make small portable structures with your own hands: the Ognivo and Robinson rocket. It is easy to calculate, but trims are required for work shaped pipes and metal welding skills. The dimensions may differ from the drawing, this is not a big deal. It is important to respect the proportions.

To increase the intensity of combustion, it is advised to add improvised nozzles to the structure. Secondary combustion air will be supplied there.

Stationary rocket ovens are made from a gas cylinder or metal barrel. These elements serve as a body. Inside, the stove is equipped with smaller pipes or fireclay bricks. From a cylinder, you can make both a stationary unit and a mobile one.

Continuous combustion furnace diagram:

• Chimney;
• Cap;
• Insulation;
• Loading hopper;
• Combustion zone;
• Afterburning zone.

It can be difficult to calculate a rocket furnace, because there is no exact method. Pay attention to verified finished drawings. It is necessary to determine the size of the heating equipment for a particular room.

Assembling a jet furnace with your own hands for heating

The construction of the furnace begins with preparatory work. First you need to decide on the place of construction. It is chosen based on the requirements that relate to solid fuel structures: wood or coal.

When the place has been decided, it is necessary to properly prepare it for construction. The wooden floor under the stove is being dismantled. They dig a small pit and tamp the bottom.

In a small room, a jet oven is placed in the corner. The loading hopper occupies one side and the lounger the other.

The barrel or cylinder must also be prepared for installation. To do this, the lid and the tap are cut off from them. Then the structure is cleaned. Next, a solution is prepared.

Stages of construction of a jet furnace with a stove bench:

1. The bottom of the dug hole is laid out with fireclay bricks. Formwork is made along the contour of the recess. Reinforcement is performed.
2. The base is laid out and poured with concrete. A day later, when the concrete hardens, further work begins.
3. The base of the stove is laid out of fireclay bricks. Raise the side walls, make the lower channel.
4. The combustion chamber is covered with bricks. There are two holes on the sides. One is for the firebox, the second is for the vertical pipe (riser).
5. The metal body is equipped with a flange into which the horizontal channel of the stove will flow. All cables must be airtight and well sealed.
6. A side outlet is attached to the horizontal pipe, which serves as an ash pan.
7. A fire tube is made of bricks. As a rule, it is square.
8. The flame tube is equipped with a casing. The gaps are covered with perlite.
9. The assembly of the cap is done from the cut off part of the barrel or cylinder. It is equipped with a handle.
10. Equip the furnace body with brick or stone.
11. Equip the front of the oven. Lay out the required contour.
12. A prepared barrel is placed on the base. The lower part must be sealed with clay.
13. With the help of a corrugated pipe, a channel is formed that connects the firebox with the street.
14. The heat exchanger pipes are connected to the lower pipe.
15. Install a chimney. All elements must be sealed using asbestos cord and refractory coating.

Improved rocket furnace with water circuit

A long burning boiler can be obtained by equipping the stove with a water jacket. Heating water may not be effective enough. The fact is that the bulk of the warm air enters the room and containers on the hobs. To create a rocket cauldron, you must give up the possibility of cooking on the stove.

Materials required for equipping a stove with a water circuit:

1. Fireclay bricks and mortar;
2. Steel pipe (diameter 7 cm);
3. Barrel or cylinder;
4. Insulation;
5. Sheet steel and a barrel with a smaller diameter than for the hull to create a water jacket;
6. Chimney (diameter 10 cm);
7. Details for the heat accumulator (tank, pipes, connecting pipe).

A characteristic feature of rocket furnaces with a water circuit is the insulation of the vertical part ensures the combustion of pyrolysis gases. In this case, warm air is directed into a coil with a water circuit and gives off heat to the stove. Even when all the fuel has burned out, warm air will still be supplied to the heating circuit.

Do-it-yourself rocket furnace drawings (video)

Reactive stove stoves are widely known among the people. They were used even by Korea, China, England and the population of Japan. The Chinese stove differed from the others in the ability to heat the entire floor. But the Russian analogue is in no way inferior. Thanks to useful innovations, the stove is able to keep warm for a long time.

Examples of a rocket furnace (photo ideas)