Drawings of solid fuel boilers. Do-it-yourself long-burning boilers

Sometimes it is advisable to make a solid fuel boiler with your own hands long burning: drawings and diagrams are freely available. Ability to handle a tool and skillful hands provide a good service when building your own home or summer cottage. There is always a need to build some kind of structure yourself. After all, this significantly reduces the cost of any venture. Heating units are no exception. In the old days, people hired a masonry stove-maker. brick ovens... Today, long-burning solid fuel boilers have become the most popular.

The principle of operation of solid fuel boilers and their device

Solid fossil fuels are the most ancient source of energy for humanity. Give it up completely, even in modern world, impossible. Moreover, in addition to firewood and coal, many other types of combustible solids have appeared today:

peat briquettes - dried and compressed peat generates a lot of heat during combustion;
briquettes from woodworking waste - compressed sawdust, shavings and tree bark;
birch charcoal - the same as for barbecue;
recycled waste from landfills;
fuel heating pellets - fine fuel obtained by pressing sawdust. Can be fed automatically;
ordinary dry sawdust.

It is clear that all this fuel is obtained through the processing of various wastes, which solves the problem of utilization at enterprises and goes in line with the "green" economy.

As a result of human activity, a colossal amount of waste is generated that can be converted into high-energy fuel, which led to the appearance on the market of solid fuel heating boilers for long-term burning. Unlike conventional stoves, these units do not work on the combustion of the fuel itself, but on its splitting as a result of heating. In the working chamber of such boilers, gaseous decomposition products of solid fuel are burned. Such a scheme of work is several times more efficient than conventional fossil fuel combustion. Pyrolysis gas, gives off a large number of energy.

The device of such a gas generating plant is not very complicated. You can even build a long-burning solid fuel boiler with your own hands. A drawing of the simplest version looks like this:

a closed cylindrical tank, which has a hatch for stowing fuel, a blower and an opening for installing a chimney;
an air distributor is located inside the tank, which creates a swirl of the pyrolysis gas. It is attached to a movable telescopic tube. This whole piston-like structure presses on the fuel from above. Gas combustion occurs above the piston, and the fuel smolders under it;
the heat exchanger is built into the upper chamber where the maximum temperature is reached.

Slow smoldering of solid fuel occurs in the lower chamber. It is achieved by adjusting the air supply to the blower. The emitted gas burns intensively in the upper chamber and heats the coolant.

Long burning solid fuel boilers can be indispensable in private houses, in utility buildings, garages and greenhouses. They will be especially beneficial where there is a large wood-processing industry, since waste at such enterprises is given almost free of charge. These units are also needed in areas where there are regular interruptions in gas supply. Such installations have many advantages, but there is also one important disadvantage - very high cost. That is why today it is important to make do-it-yourself solid fuel boilers for long-term burning. Drawings for this can be used of varying degrees of complexity. It depends on the skill level.

How to make a long-burning solid fuel boiler with your own hands: drawings and diagrams

Before you start manufacturing a boiler, you need to decide on its design. Its choice depends on the purpose of the unit. If it is intended for heating a small utility room, garage or country house, then it is not necessary to make a water circuit in it. Heating of such a room will occur directly from the surface of the boiler, by convection of air masses in the room, as from a stove. For greater efficiency, it is possible to arrange forced air blowing of the unit using a fan. If there is a liquid heating system in the room, it is necessary to provide a device in the boiler circuit in the form of a coil from a pipe or other similar design.

The choice of option also depends on the type of solid fuel to be used. For heating with ordinary wood, an increased volume of the furnace is required, and for the use of small fuel pellets, a special container can be arranged from which the granular fuel is automatically fed into the boiler. For the manufacture of a solid fuel long burning boiler with your own hands, you can take a universal drawing. It is suitable for any type of solid fuel used.

We will tell you step by step how and from what parts you can make a solid fuel heating boiler for long burning according to the proposed scheme:

we will prepare the place where the future unit will be installed. The base on which it will stand must be level, strong, rigid and fireproof. A concrete foundation or a thick cast iron or steel plate is best suited for this. Walls must also be upholstered with fireproof material if they are wooden;
collect all required material and tools: of which we need an electric arc welding machine, a grinder and a tape measure. From materials: sheet 4 mm steel; 300 - mm steel pipe with walls 3 mm, as well as other pipes 60 and 100 mm in diameter;

in order to make a solid fuel boiler for long burning, it is necessary to cut a piece 1 m long from a large 300 mm pipe. It is possible and a little less, if necessary;
cut out the bottom from the steel sheet according to the diameter of the pipe and weld it, equipping it with legs from a channel up to 10 cm long;
the air distributor is made in the form of a circle made of steel sheet with a diameter 20 mm smaller than the pipe. An impeller from a corner with a shelf size of 50 mm is welded into the lower part of the circle. For this, you can use a channel of the same size;
weld a 60 mm pipe into the middle of the distributor from above, which should be higher than the boiler. In the middle of the distributor disk, cut a hole along the pipe, so that there is a through tunnel. It is needed to supply air. A damper is cut into the upper part of the pipe, which will allow for adjusting the air supply;

at the very bottom of the boiler, we make a small door, equipped with a latch and hinges, leading to the ash pan for easy ash removal. Cut a hole for the chimney from above in the boiler and weld a 100 mm pipe into this place. At first, it goes at a slight angle to the side and up 40 cm, and then strictly vertically up. The passage of the chimney through the ceiling of the room must be protected according to fire safety rules;
we are finishing the construction of a solid fuel heating boiler for long burning by making the top cover. In its center there should be a hole for the air flow distributor pipe. The contact with the boiler walls must be very tight, excluding the ingress of air.

How I made a solid fuel boiler for long burning: reviews and recommendations

“I work at a sawmill. I used to take home knots and cut carts. I learned about the solid fuel boiler for long burning, read the reviews and decided to do it. Happened. Now firewood is consumed three times less, and the same amount of heat ”.

Alexander Nikolaev, Syktyvkar

“I saw a miracle cauldron in a friend's garage. We were repairing the car with him in the morning. He, as he put firewood in it, did not touch it until evening. I could not understand anything until he explained the whole scheme to me. Here, I also got the idea to put myself in the garage. The friend said he would give the drawings. "

Nikolay Platonov, Surgut

“If you decide to make, for example, at your dacha a solid fuel boiler of long burning, reviews of which were found on the network, then do everything clearly according to the scheme in compliance with all safety rules. And then, my neighbor burned down my dacha when he installed the boiler all in holes. "

Andrey Shirshov, Tyumen

The heating device described above will serve you faithfully, allowing you to save on energy. However, do not forget to do everything efficiently, without deviating from the scheme.

Manufacturing a solid fuel boiler with my own hands- a complex and responsible event that requires careful preparation. You need to know the production technology, have the skills of welding and working with metals. Following the main rules for the development of boilers, you will create a heating device quickly and with minimal costs.

Description and principle of operation of a solid fuel boiler

General view of the boiler

A long-burning solid fuel boiler is a large furnace with a limited solid fuel combustion zone and a controlled oxygen supply. The principle of operation of the device is based on the ability of solid fuel cells to smolder for a long time with increased heat transfer. In the process, the substance is completely burned out with minimal waste formation.

A large amount of solid fuel is loaded into the furnace on average 1–2 times a day, but there are units that can operate for several days. By regulating the flow of oxygen into the combustion zone, slow smoldering occurs at an elevated temperature. The smoke is discharged through a special pipe. It passes through the heat exchanger and heats the water for the heating system. Timely loading of the furnace ensures almost continuous operation of the device.

Combustion of fuel in a long-burning boiler often occurs from top to bottom. In this case, as the upper layer burns out, the fire moves lower, to the next layers. Such heating units have many advantages that ensure their popularity among all groups of the population:

Increased volume of the furnace for loading fuel.
Long term of work on a single load.
Great heat dissipation.
Environmental friendliness. At work heater emits a minimum amount of exhaust gases.

Standard long-burning boilers differ according to the type of fuel used:

Devices operating on one type of fuel. Usually, firewood acts in this capacity, sometimes pallets obtained from woodworking industry waste.
Universal aggregates. Here it is possible to combine several types of solid elements - firewood, sawdust, pallets.

According to the type of work, all existing types of long-burning boilers can be divided into two large groups:

Pyrolysis. The principle of pyrolysis is used in the operation of such devices. Solid fuel particles burn out at high temperatures and weak oxygen supply. In the process, gas is generated, directed to a separate compartment, where it is burned. This principle increases the efficiency of the boiler and the fuel combustion time.
Classic. They have a simplified design, differ in the volume of the furnace, the method of combustion, the presence of a water jacket-circuit, etc. The simplest classic boiler without a jacket is a metal container made of a pipe or barrel, where solid particles are burned according to the principle "top down".

The area of use of solid fuel boilers is extensive. Household models heat private households, shops and similar residential and non-residential buildings. Large industrial units, which require a separate equipped room, can heat a small plant. The popularity of boilers is due to their low cost and ease of use.

Unit device

The main components of the heating device

In short, the essence of the work and the device of a solid fuel pyrolysis boiler for long burning can be reduced to the following:

Two metal cylindrical cases of different sizes are fastened together. The smaller one is the firebox where the solid particles are burned. The larger one is the outer shell of the boiler.
The remaining space between the buildings is filled with water. It performs the functions of a coolant.
An air distributor is installed in the small pipe and divides it into two parts. In one section, fuel particles are burned, in the other, pyrolysis gas is afterburned. The distributor is made in the form of a telescopic tube, to one end of which a small disc with blades is attached. This allows you to evenly distribute the gases released during the combustion of fuel. Oxygen is supplied to the combustion chamber through the air diffuser, which is necessary to maintain combustion.
As the layers of fuel burn out, the distributor moves lower and adds air to the following levels.
In the event that the process is controlled by automatic control systems, it is necessary to ensure that the devices are connected to the mains.

A simple boiler can be made with your own hands

For the manufacture of a solid fuel boiler, it is necessary to develop a drawing or diagram. It displays an approximate appearance unit in compliance with all proportions, parts and elements.

All units and parts of an industrial boiler with dimensions are indicated.

Tools and materials

Let's take a closer look at creating a pyrolysis boiler for long burning with our own hands. It operates on gas obtained from dried firewood or waste compressed into pallets.

During self-made a solid fuel boiler will require a set of power tools and materials, as well as a drawing or diagram showing all the necessary parts and sizes.

Required technique:

Welding machine and several packs of working electrodes.
Angle grinders. It is advisable to have two - large and small. If there are none, the work can be carried out using a conventional electric jigsaw, but the operating time will increase.
Detachable and grinding wheels with a diameter of 125 and 230 mm, in the absence of grinders - metal files for a jigsaw.

Necessary materials:

Pipe with large diameter(about 50 cm). Length - 130 cm, wall thickness - from 3 mm.
A pipe with a smaller diameter, about 45 cm. Length - one and a half meters, wall thickness - from 3 mm. In the absence of pipes, you can purchase several metal sheets 1250 * 2500 * 2.5 mm, roll them in a specialized company and make required pipes by yourself using a welding machine.
Long thin tube. Diameter - about 6 cm, length - 120 cm.
A sheet of metal from which the loading door and ash hatch will be cut.
Metal rings with a diameter of half a meter and a width of about 2.5 cm.
Door hardware - hinges, latches, etc.
Asbestos cloth. It is embedded in the boiler door. This eliminates overheating and reduces heat loss.
Asbestos cord. It is used to seal the fuel compartment door and the ash pan hatch.

Step-by-step manufacturing instructions

The process of creating a heating device is quite simple and takes place in several successive stages.

First, the body of the structure is made:

Two pipes large diameter(50 and 45 cm) are inserted into each other and connected with a metal ring.
A circle of metal with a diameter of 45 cm is cut from a previously prepared sheet, with which the bottom of a smaller pipe inside the structure is welded. As a result, we get a barrel with a diameter of 45 cm, with a welded-on water-heating jacket-contour 2.5 cm wide.
A rectangular hole is cut at the bottom of the barrel. Height - up to 10 cm, width - about 15. It will be used as an ash pan door. A hatch is welded in, a door is installed with attached hinges and a latch.
The ash pan door is cut at the bottom
In the upper part of the contour, a rectangular hole is cut for the supply of solid fuel. The size is selected individually, the main condition is the convenience of loading firewood. The hatch is welded. A door equipped with hinges and a latch is installed. It is made double: an asbestos layer is laid between individual metal sheets, the contact points are sealed with an asbestos cord. Thanks to such manipulations, the heat loss of the boiler is reduced.
The size must be sufficient for laying firewood
At the upper level, an outlet is equipped, which removes exhaust gases into the chimney.
A pipe is welded to the branch pipe for exhausting smoke
In two places (top and bottom) of the water circuit, pipes with a diameter of 4–5 cm are welded, which are necessary to connect the boiler to a further heating system. A thread is cut, for which a lerka is used.
Inspection of welds, if necessary - elimination of flaws.

After creating the metal body of the solid fuel boiler, you can proceed to the manufacture and installation of the air distributor:

The air diffuser can be made in the form of a pancake with welded channels

This is one of the simplest ways to make a solid fuel boiler. There are sophisticated circuits used in industrial and household models.

Video: Assembling a solid fuel boiler

Design features of pyrolysis units

The production of a pyrolysis solid fuel boiler for long-term burning occurs according to a similar pattern: welding of the body, air distributor, installation of fittings, etc. The main difference from the classic device is the presence of two chambers. In the first, the fuel burns, in the second, pyrolysis gases burn out. For such a boiler, it is very important to ensure a constant supply of oxygen. This can be done with a fan.

Solid fuel pyrolysis boilers with a lower combustion chamber differ in design and fuel combustion.

In supercharged models, air is forced by a fan. Increased pressure builds up in the lower chamber. In such a boiler, you can use any household fan, up to a computer cooler, the main thing is to exclude very strong pressurization.
In boilers with a smoke exhauster, an exhaust fan is installed, which creates insufficient pressure. The most complete combustion of gases and optimal operation of the device is ensured.

Pyrolysis units with an upper chamber are considered to be more productive. They ensure a slow and even combustion of the fuel. Some industrial wood-fired boilers can operate for about two days. When laying the same portion of coal, the working period is increased to a week.

Video: Features of work

Installing a homemade boiler and booster furnace

A specially equipped place may be required to install the heating system. It is not recommended to install such a structure in residential premises: the risk of fires and leaks increases. The services concerned may impose a fine. Very often, self-made units are installed in greenhouses, technical and work premises.

When installing a solid fuel boiler, you should be guided by some requirements:

The distance from the boiler to the walls must be more than 25 centimeters. This minimizes the risk of fire and improves indoor air exchange.
It is advisable to equip your own non-combustible foundation under the boiler. You can lay an asbestos or concrete slab.
The room with the installed pyrolysis solid fuel boiler must be of high quality ventilation system... Constant inflow fresh air is necessary for the operation of this type of heating system.
To avoid leaks and fires, the flue gas outlet must be insulated. Ordinary foil or mineral wool can be used as insulating material.

After assembling and installing a solid fuel boiler, it is necessary to perform a test load, called an accelerating furnace. Fuel should be loaded for the first time before the start of the heating season. In the event of malfunctions, some time will remain until the system is brought into proper condition.

A solid fuel boiler can operate on almost any fuel. For the booster furnace, use the type of fuel that is planned for constant loading. The firebox is completely filled up to the outlet pipe. To help the fuel burn better, you can sprinkle a little standard ignition fluid.

The boiler is ignited with long wood chips or splinters, through an open damper. Until the loaded fuel begins to smolder, the shutter must not be closed. Then you can cover it up. If the combustion speed is not sufficient for optimal operation of the heating device, the flap is opened slightly to improve draft. During the first combustion, the loaded solid fuel must completely burn out. The fact that a stable smoldering has begun can be recognized by the smoke emerging from the chimney. In the process of combustion of individual layers of fuel, the air distributor pipe will go down, and the smoldering rate can also be determined from it.

Self-production of a long-burning boiler is a reality that is available to everyone, regardless of whether you are a beginner in its manufacture or not. The main thing is not to forget about fire safety: after all, every heating device is a potentially dangerous device.

For the organization of a household heating system, solid fuel boilers are the most economical option. But, despite all the richness of the choice of equipment available on the market and a fairly wide price and functional range, not every consumer can afford to buy a unit that optimally satisfies his needs. On the other hand, a solid fuel boiler can be made by hand. And at the same time save significant funds that would have to be paid for plant equipment. All that is needed for this is knowledge of the device and the principle of operation of this category of heating installations, as well as skills in working with various tools and materials, in particular, metal.

Choosing the type of solid fuel boiler

How to understand which boiler will be optimal for servicing a particular heating system? Obviously, one should decide on the type of fuel, the required power of the unit and the features of its design, the process of installation and subsequent operation, as well as the features of the connected heating system.

Among the materials that can be used as solid fuel, the most widespread are:

coal;
peat briquettes;
pellets;
firewood;
sawdust and other flammable production wastes.

Types of solid fuels for heating boilers in the photo

Peat briquettes Firewood for a solid fuel boiler Charcoal for solid fuel heating boilers
Wood fuel briquettes for solid fuel boilers Eurodrova (fuel briquettes for a picnic) Wood sawdust for heating boilers

In order to increase the profitability and efficiency of the heating system, it is possible to manufacture a universal unit that can work with different kinds fuel.

Type selection and structural performance a heating boiler directly depends on what kind of fuel you are going to use, the required performance of the heating system, as well as the place where it will be installed. The following modifications of solid fuel heating units are suitable for self-production:

Classic

Equipped with a steel or cast iron heat exchanger, they can be used for both heating and hot water supply. The efficiency of such boilers is about 85%.

Pyrolysis

They provide separate combustion of fuel and volatile gases released during this process, thereby significantly increasing the efficiency and, consequently, the economy of the heating system.

Pellet

The efficiency of this type of heating boilers reaches 90%. Their main advantage is a high degree of automation of work processes, and their disadvantage is the complexity of the design.

Long burning

They are able to operate continuously throughout the entire heating season, requiring fuel loading once every few days, which favorably distinguishes them from classic solid fuel boilers.

Design Basics

In order to make the correct - safe, efficient and easy-to-use - solid fuel boiler, you need to understand the physics of the process of its operation and the operation of the heating system as a whole.

The principle of operation of a solid fuel heating boiler:

fuel is loaded into the combustion chamber;
air and other gases heated during the combustion of fuel rise up and are discharged through the chimney;
on the way to the chimney, hot air heats up a heat exchanger, which in turn heats a heat agent (in most domestic heating systems, water);
the heated heat agent displaces the cold one, passing through the entire heating system and returning after cooling back to the heat exchanger.

It's all about the property of any heated medium to rise above a cold one - this is one of the fundamental laws of thermodynamics.

To implement this principle, in addition to a body made of thick (at least 4-5 mm) heat-resistant steel, the following elements are included in the design of a solid fuel boiler:

The combustion chamber

Its volume is determined complex formula, which, however, is quite easy to find on the Internet, as well as ready-made solution- the volume of the combustion chamber in relation to the rated output of the boiler or the maximum heating area.

In practice, the dimensions of the furnace depend not only on the parameters of the boiler and the properties of the fuel, but also on the characteristics of the heating system itself - schematic, functional complexity, seasonality of operation, peaks of demand for hot water supply, etc.

Hot gas evacuation chamber

This unit is a continuation of the combustion chamber and serves as an outlet manifold for the removal of combustion products.

Internal heating agent supply and removal system

We are talking about a heat exchanger (heat exchange register), as well as its main pipes - inlet and outlet, which serves to receive the cooled heat agent, heat it and remove it to the heating system.

Important points

The efficiency of a solid fuel boiler is always influenced by two factors:

Heat exchanger design features

The larger the area of thermal contact, the more energy per unit time will be transferred from the burning fuel to the thermal agent - water.

Options for a homemade heat exchanger in the photo

Horizontal heat exchanger made of sheet steel and shaped pipe Homemade horizontal heat exchanger Steel vertical heat exchanger for a boiler with your own hands

Completeness and period of fuel combustion

If the fuel burns inefficiently - it loses the pyrolysis gas or does not have time to heat the coolant to the required temperature, flaws in the design are evident. Therefore, the calculation and manufacturing process of the latter should be taken with maximum responsibility - after assembly it will be impossible to change it.

The design of the boiler must be reliable and safe, and nothing else but the body is responsible for this. It is made of thick (at least 5 mm) steel, preferably heat-resistant. However, the latter is much more expensive than usual, so you should remember that the thicker the metal, the slower it will heat up. This means that in order for a medium-power boiler not to burn hands and make a sauna out of the boiler room, the boiler body should be about 8 mm thick.

The exceptions are designs with a cast iron top cover, which serves as a furnace. The thickness and dimensions of the cast iron sheet will depend on the design parameters of the body and the performance of the boiler (but not less than 8 mm).

To organize the internal piping system of the boiler, it is necessary to use pipes with a wall thickness of 3-4 mm and a diameter of 50 mm. To ensure the coolant current, it is necessary to provide for the narrowing (from 50 to 25 mm) of the pipelines in the direction from hot to cold, for example from the boiler to the radiators) and expand them on the return path of the coolant.

Spatial diagram and layout of a solid fuel heat generator

The dimensions of a solid fuel boiler depend on the dimensions and orientation in the space of the combustion chamber. Vertical structures are more widespread, since such an arrangement saves space in the boiler room.

The traditional scheme of a vertical solid fuel boiler:

To set up and monitor the operation of the unit during operation, you will need special equipment... These include water temperature sensors at the inlet and outlet of the heat exchanger and heating system units, sensors for loading the combustion chamber, pressure in it and in certain sections of the boiler, etc.

The principle of natural circulation of the coolant is not always successfully implemented. Therefore, the heating boiler is often equipped with an additional water pump, which forcibly supplies the coolant to the heat exchanger and / or to the heating system.

The pump is a volatile unit, which means that it is important to provide for the possibility of bypassing the coolant in the event of a power outage. Firstly, in order for the heating to function, and secondly, so that the boiler or communications does not burst with steam or damage it with temperature.

If a pump is included in the design of a solid fuel boiler, it is necessary to provide for the possibility of adjusting its operating parameters, as well as emergency shutdown. It is impossible to stop a solid fuel boiler in the event of a breakdown of units and communications of the heating system. Therefore, a system for removing excess heat is needed - a shock-absorbing tank with a compensating valve or another solution that is appropriate in your case.

What do you need to work?

First of all, the workshop, that is, the place where you will be engaged in the manufacture of basic components and assembly of the unit. In addition, you will need a fairly extensive list of tools, which you can safely include:

welding mask, leggings and overalls;
household inverter welding machine and electrodes;
circular saw with a set of discs for cutting metal;
electric drill with a set of drills for metal;
tape measure, squares, building level.

To assemble a solid fuel boiler, you will need the following materials:

steel sheets with a thickness of 5 mm;
metal corners;
cast iron grate;
steel water pipes different diameters;
doors for the ash and combustion chamber;
oven type throttle valves.

Before proceeding with the manufacture of elements and assemblies of the boiler, it is necessary to perform structural calculations, to decide on schematic diagram and draw a drawing of the boiler, not forgetting to indicate all its structural components and their main parameters.

And most importantly: observe safety precautions both in the process of work and in relation to the quality of the solid fuel boiler. The slightest mistake on your part can cause serious problems, incl. increased risk of fire.

Making a solid fuel boiler for long burning with your own hands on video

Long-burning boilers have become in demand with the growth of private housing construction. The purchase of an industrial heating device costs a significant amount. Do-it-yourself boilers allow you to reduce costs. A competent drawing, the ability to correctly understand it, and careful adherence to the instructions will help any potential user to accomplish this task.

How to make a long burning boiler

This group includes heat generators with a firebox, the dimensions of which are increased compared to conventional models. Large quantity Solid fuel provides a longer burning time and a greater amount of heat generated. Manufacturers offer ready-made boilers with the following indicators for the duration of fuel burning until the next fuel is loaded:

firewood and waste from the wood industry - up to 12 hours;
coal - up to 24 hours.

Other alternative fuels are used for heating:

briquetted peat;
packaged pressed woodworking waste - sawdust, shavings, bark;
birch coal;
packaged products from garbage dumps.

Reference! The cheapest fuel is considered to be ordinary sawdust, provided that their moisture content does not exceed 20%.

A boiler with the same operating parameters can be made independently. Getting started, you need to decide on the characteristics of the future unit. Significant parameters for boilers are:

power;
burning duration;
coefficient of performance (efficiency);
maximum allowable working pressure;
nominal pressure in the system;
total and useful volume of the furnace;
furnace depth;
maximum log length;
volume of the tank;
boiler weight.

These parameters will be individual for each type of boiler.

Reference! The heating area depends on the power of the boiler. A boiler with insufficient power will not be able to heat the entire structure completely.

The operation of this type of heat generator is based on physical property The heat generated during fuel combustion is transferred to the heat exchanger. The heat transfer method depends on the design of the heat exchanger.

The burning time is influenced by:

fuel tank volume;
the degree of isolation of the chimney draft from air entering it (solid fuel in the firebox should smolder slowly, and not flare up).

The manufacture of a boiler begins with the choice of its design and the task that it must solve:

At the location of the furnace, boilers are:

with top burning;
with bottom combustion (less productive in terms of load volume and burning time until the next fill).

By the shape of the case:

cylinder;
rectangle.

Required materials and tools

The first stage of work is the procurement materials and components... For work you will need:

low carbon steel with a thickness of 3-4 mm;

Important! Steel grades St 35 and above are unsuitable for conventional welding due to high content carbon.

Attention! You can buy ready-made cast iron doors, matched to the size of the firebox.

asbestos cardboard - for thermal insulation of doors;
asbestos cord;
electrodes;
control Panel;
fan;
temperature sensor;
door handles.

Reference! The control panel, sensor and fan will be used to automatically control the operation of the boiler.

The main tools that you need to work:

Bulgarian;
grinding wheels;
welding machine;

Attention! It is better to cut the metal sheet into blanks using guillotine cutting in the production workshop. Hand cutting is time consuming and requires additional sanding of the cut edges.

drill;
roulette;
marker;
calipers;
compressor (for testing the boiler).

Simple boiler for long burning: blueprint

In fig. 1 shows a drawing of a simple boiler with a lower combustion chamber. For the manufacture of the rectangular body and heat exchanger, low-carbon steel sheet is used. The heat exchanger is designed as a "water jacket". The heat transfer coefficient (efficiency) is increased due to the design of the protrusions inside the boiler, reflecting the flame and heating gas.

Rice. 1 Boiler with "water jacket"

In fig. 2 shows a combined heat exchanger of the "water jacket" type (2) formed around the combustion chamber plus a slotted register (3) made of steel sheet. Combustion products leave through the flue pipe (1). Solid fuel (5) burns out at the bottom of the chamber. Below it is the air regulator (8).

Rice. 2 Slotted register boiler

Top fired boiler

A drawing of the camera is shown in Fig. 3. A cylinder-shaped boiler is made of pipes of different diameters. Air is supplied through a moving pipe that extends upward to release the firebox when fuel needs to be loaded. When burned, it begins to decrease in volume, and together with it, the pipe also goes down smoothly under the weight of its weight. Uniform fuel delivery is achieved by a disc welded to the base of the pipe.

The heat exchanger is designed as a "water jacket" enveloping the combustion chamber. Air heating takes place in the upper part of the boiler.

Rice. 3. Top fired boiler

DIY solid fuel boiler

Let's consider the example of the most popular top-fired boiler (Fig. 3). If necessary, the dimensions can be changed in proportion to those indicated in the drawing. Distinctive feature design is a pipe that serves as a regulator of air supply and a heat exchanger at the same time. The gases released during the smoldering fuel rise up and ignite in the upper furnace.

For manufacturing, the materials described in section 2 are required: pipes, sheet steel, corner, insulation, asbestos cardboard, electrodes.

The first stage of a homemade boiler includes the following steps:

Important! Due to the temperature difference, moisture (condensation) will form on the surface of the nozzle, leading to corrosion, therefore, the welds must be of high quality.

Legs from an equal angle corner are welded to the boiler body.
Cut out the top cover with a diameter of 46 cm, which will be put on top of the cylindrical body.

Diy heat exchanger for a solid fuel boiler

The second stage is the production of the heat exchanger:

From sheet metal weld a heat exchanger pipe with a diameter of 40 cm and a length of 130 cm.
They insert it into the cylindrical body, fix a gap of 5 cm between the pipes, due to which a "water jacket" will be formed.
The difference in the length of the heat exchanger pipes and the outer one must be at least 20 cm. The pipe in the pipe is fixed by welding using prepared metal rings.
In the upper and lower zones of the water jacket, nozzles are installed: one for supply, the other for the outlet of the coolant. For their manufacture, a pipe with a diameter of 5 cm is used, a thread is screwed on the outside through which they will be connected to the pipes of the heating system.
The distribution pipe, through which air will be supplied, is welded from a metal of greater thickness than for the body and the heat exchanger (at least 5 mm with a diameter of 6 cm). The length of the pipe is made 10 cm less than the length of the heat exchanger pipe (120 cm).

Important! The distribution pipe is in a high-temperature zone and over time deforms and burns out, therefore, metal with a thickness of 5 mm or more is used for its manufacture.

The pipe is inserted into a prepared disc with a pre-drilled hole. A metal steel disc with a diameter of 38 cm is welded to the pipe.
At least 4 corners are welded to the base of the disc, which act as an impeller.
A valve is installed to the upper part of the pipe for a portioned air supply and a loop is welded onto which a chain is fixed to raise the pipe.

Attention! To improve heat transfer, a forced-air fan is installed in the upper part of the pipe.

How to assemble the boiler correctly

After completing the two main stages, they proceed to the final one.

The third stage is the assembly of the boiler:

They choose a place for installing the boiler, check it with a level so that there are no drops that can worsen the operation of the heat generator.
The cover with the distribution pipe is pulled onto the body, after laying the asboscord. The cover can also be welded to the body.
The chimney is inserted into the chimney.
Through the outgoing threaded pipes, the boiler is connected to the heating system of the house.
The system is filled with water and the boiler operation is checked when it is not fully loaded.
If the test goes well, the boiler is loaded to full capacity.

With a thorough and correct study of the drawings of solid fuel boilers, it is quite possible to make a long-burning boiler with your own hands reliable and economical.

Solid fuel boilers have been very popular for more than a decade, although they have one significant drawback - they need a constant load of fuel (coal, firewood, etc.). Because of this drawback, they are often abandoned when arranging a heating system, but it is easy to get rid of it - to make a long-burning boiler with your own hands, functioning on almost all types (extremely solid, of course).

How a home-made long-burning boiler works

Principle of operation

The scheme of operation of such boilers is based on the peculiarity of smoldering for several hours, while producing a large amount of thermal energy. Typically, the fuel in this case is burned more completely, and the amount of waste, as a result, is significantly reduced.

Note! Replacing active combustion with smoldering is possible due to the special design of the heating boiler.

The main element of the boiler is the firebox, where combustion is limited, and the intensity of the air supply is controlled with the help of special devices. The fuel is loaded twice a day in large portions, after which it slowly smolders (the limited amount of oxygen does not allow it to fully burn).

The pipe through which the smoke is removed is passed through heat exchangers and heats the liquid in the heating system. It turns out that it is enough only to load fuel every 12 hours for uninterrupted heating of the house.

Main advantages

Stand out against the background heating systems other types. Of course, the main advantage is precisely the duration of the work, but there are other important points:

Device device

For the manufacture of a boiler, it is more convenient to use metal pipeø30 cm and more with a wall thickness of at least 5 mm (otherwise the latter will soon burn out due to high temperature inside the appliance). The height of the structure can fluctuate between 80 cm and 100 cm, it all depends on the area of the room.

Regardless of the modification, the boiler consists of three main zones:

loading area;
zones of smoldering and heat generation;
final combustion zones where ash is burned and flue gases are evacuated.

Note! The device that limits the loading area and, accordingly, the smoldering time, is called an air distributor.

This element is made in the form of a metal circle 5-6 mm thick with a hole in the middle through which oxygen is supplied to the furnace using a telescopic pipe. The diameter of the product should be slightly less than the diameter of the body. The height is adjusted by means of a special impeller.

Usually the combustion zone does not exceed 5 cm in height - if it is larger, the fuel will burn too quickly. By the way, the oxygen pipe can be not only telescopic, but also one-piece. Its diameter is usually 6 cm, while the size of the hole in the air distributor does not exceed 2 cm, so as not to saturate the area with oxygen.

Air can be supplied in one of two ways:

straight from the atmosphere;
from a special heating chamber (it is located in the upper part of the structure), which ensures more efficient operation of the boiler.

A special air damper is used for adjustment.

A flue pipe is welded on top. It must be perpendicular to the body for at least 0.5 m, otherwise excessive thrust will result.

The bottom door is equipped with a door to remove combustion products. Cleaning should be done infrequently, because the fuel will burn more completely.

There are two ways to heat the coolant, each with its own strengths and weaknesses.

Method number 1. A coil is connected to the heat exchanger pipe passing through the combustion zone, through which the water in the tank is heated.

Method number 2. A separate metal tank is formed, through which the chimney pipe is passed. The hot smoke heats up the liquid.

The first method is more efficient, but at the same time more difficult to implement. The second one is easier to make, but it is advisable only in small houses.

Prices for a range of solid fuel boilers

Solid fuel boilers

Manufacturing a long-burning boiler

It is not difficult to make such a structure at home, but this will require skills and clear instructions.

Stage 1. Prepare everything you need

To make a boiler you will need:

After preparing the equipment and consumables, you can start working.

Stage 2. Assembly of the structure

Note! The boiler must be installed on a flat surface. Equipped if required concrete base(it all depends on the total weight of the structure).

The assembly sequence is as follows.

Step 1. The pipe, which will serve as the body of the structure, is cut in accordance with the selected length (from 0.8 to 1 m). If the length is longer, it will be difficult to load the fuel during operation. The bottom is welded from sheet steel and (if required) legs made of channel.

Step 2. The air distributor is formed. To do this, a circle is cut out of a sheet of steel, the diameter of which is 2 cm less than the diameter of the structure.A hole ø2 cm is made in the center of the circle.

The impeller is welded to the distributor with 5-cm blades fixed on it, made of the same steel. A ø6 cm pipe is welded on top so that the hole made earlier is in the middle.

Note! This pipe should be equal in height to the boiler drum (more is possible).

At the top, the pipe is equipped with a flap to regulate the oxygen supply.

Step 3. A door is installed at the bottom of the boiler to remove combustion products. A rectangle is cut out of a steel sheet with a grinder, hinges with a locking handle are fixed. The rectangle will serve as a door.

Step 4. A ø10 cm chimney is attached to the top of the boiler. For the first 40-45 cm, the pipe should run strictly horizontally, after which it is passed through a heat exchanger (the latter is made in the form of a metal container with water).

Step 5. The cover for the boiler is cut out, a hole is made in it for the air distributor. It is important that the lid adjoins the body as tightly as possible, otherwise smoke will come out through the slots.

That's it, the long-burning heat generator is ready to use.

Features of fuel loading and operation

From a simple boiler, where a full-fledged air supply is needed throughout the entire volume of fuel combustion, the design of long-term combustion, as noted earlier, differs in the limited supply of this supply. Moreover, the volume of loading directly affects the combustion time, therefore, in our case, the furnace is loaded extremely tightly so that there are no gaps.

Note! As fuel, you can use not only firewood, but also sawdust, coal, peat, garbage (exclusively combustible), etc.

The fuel is loaded in this sequence.

Step 1. The top cover of the structure is removed.

Step 2. Remove the air regulator.

Step 3. The boiler is loaded with fuel up to the level of the chimney.

Step 4. From above, the fuel is poured with a small amount of ignition fluid (diesel fuel, used oil, etc.).

Step 5. The air regulator is put back and the cover is put on top.

Step 6. The air damper opens to the limit.

Step 7. A piece of paper is set on fire and thrown into the structure. When the fuel starts to smolder, the choke closes.

The fact that permanent combustion has begun can be judged by the smoke emerging from the chimney. As the fuel burns, the pipe of a smaller diameter will go down together with the air regulator - using this kind of indicator, you can determine the amount of remaining fuel.

As a conclusion

The described boilers are used not only for, but also for winter heating of barns, sheds, greenhouses, etc. If the assembly and assembly work were carried out correctly, the device will operate economically and absolutely safely, and any type of solid fuel can be used, including household waste.

In addition, the boilers do not need constant monitoring, it is only necessary to determine in practice the time interval between loads. It should be remembered that the burning time depends not only on the volume of the structure, but also on the type of fuel.

Video - Diy long burning boiler

TOP 11 best solid fuel boilers

	Name	Rating
The best solid fuel boilers for long burning
#1	Stropuva S40U	⭐ 99 / 100
#2	Candle S-18kW	⭐ 98 / 100
Best Pyrolysis Solid Fuel Boiler
#1	Buderus Logano S171-50 W	⭐ 100 / 100
The best classic solid fuel boilers
#1	ZOTA Optima 20	⭐ 99 / 100
#2	Sime SOLIDA EV 5	⭐ 98 / 100
#3	Protherm Beaver 40 DLO	⭐ 97 / 100
#4	Bosch Solid 2000 B SFU 27	⭐ 96 / 100
#5	Kentatsu ELEGANT-03	⭐ 95 / 100
The best double-circuit solid fuel boiler
#1	Kiturami KRM 30R	⭐ 99 / 100
The best combined solid fuel boilers
#1	ZOTA Mix 20	⭐ 98 / 100
#2	Teplodar Kupper PRO 22	⭐ 98 / 100

Stropuva S40U

The Stropuva S40U long-burning boiler model is very reliable and highly economical. Any solid fuel of any quality is used to operate the boiler. This boiler can heat up to 100 square meters, it is suitable for water heating systems with both natural and forced circulation. One laying of firewood in the boiler is capable of operating up to 30 hours, 2 days on briquettes and up to 5 days on coal.

high efficiency - 90%;
saving fuel and electricity;
there is a possibility of using various raw materials;
lightweight and easy to maintain;
completely safe;
long service life.

made of steel, not cast iron;
bright color.

Solid fuel boiler Stropuva S40U

Candle S-18kW

Cylinder-shaped boiler, which has a specific operating principle: laid firewood or wood briquettes burn only from above. One bookmark can smolder up to 7 hours. At cold temperature air in the boiler can be continuously operated for up to 1.5 days. Having more than 1.5 height, the boiler does not clutter up the room.

non-volatile;
has a high efficiency;
economical;
compact.

high price.

Buderus Logano S171-50 W

The model of the pyrolysis boiler Buderus Logano S171-50 W is equipped with modern automation, provides an excellent result of managing all working moments. Provides high efficiency and minimum fuel consumption. The large loading chamber can hold firewood up to 58 cm. Together with an improved heat exchanger, it provides a long burning process and an efficiency of up to 89%.

the presence of an innovative control system with many built-in functions;
environmentally friendly;
the presence of a tubular heat exchanger with a coefficient of up to 90%;
easy to clean.

you need a strong floor for installation;
volatile.

ZOTA Optima 20

Solid fuel boiler producing power from 3 to 20 kW. Able to heat a room from 150 to 200 square meters, the coefficient (efficiency) is 82%. Connection to heat supply is possible G2. A full load of coal ensures its operation from 68 to 206 hours, in pellets - from 57 to 174 hours.

the presence of a feed bunker, ensuring long-term operation;
digital control for perfectly tailored operation to specific conditions.

imperfect mechanics;
volatile;
it is necessary to carefully study the instructions.

Sime SOLIDA EV 5

Boiler model SIME SOLIDA EV 5 (Evolution) is equipped with an enlarged combustion chamber, which allows using ordinary firewood as the main type of fuel. The use of coal is also acceptable. The power of the boiler depends directly on the fuel used: on wood - 41 kW; coal - 45 kW. The operating time of the boiler on wood is up to 2 hours, on coal up to 4 hours. The installation of the boiler is suitable for both different circulation systems.

long service life;
it is convenient to load and clean the boiler.

for installation, you need to reinforce the floor.

Protherm Beaver 40 DLO

Cast iron solid fuel boiler with a capacity of 18 to 48 kW. Firewood and coal can be used for heating. The cast iron heat exchanger, created using the GG20 technology, provides temperature distribution in its different sections. The original combustion chamber provides an increase in the heating area of the coolant. The built-in cooling circuit does not allow the coolant to heat up over 110 degrees.

Solid fuel boiler Protherm Bober 40 DLO

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