Installation of the ventilation system of the country toilet. How ventilation is constructed in the toilet in the country with your own hands Do-it-yourself hood from the country toilet

An odorless country toilet is the dream of any self-respecting summer resident. Keeping your closet clean is necessary, but not sufficient, to eliminate unpleasant odors. Organization ventilation systems both the toilet stall itself and the cesspool is the solution to this problem.

Let's define what ventilation is.

Ventilation Is an organized air exchange in the room, as well as the means and devices that create it. There are two ways to ventilate rooms (in our case, an outdoor toilet cubicle) - natural and forced.

Natural ventilation Is the process of air exchange in a room, which takes place without the use of special mechanisms and the expenditure of energy, but is carried out on the basis of the use of wind force, rarefaction of air and pressure difference.

Forced ventilation Is the process of air exchange in a room, which takes place with the help of special mechanisms and devices, such as fans, air heaters, air coolers, etc.

Here it is necessary to immediately say that we are faced with two tasks: ventilation of the toilet cabin itself and ventilation of the cesspool.

Natural ventilation:

The window in the toilet stall - serves as a lighting in daytime days and also ventilates the inner space of the closet. The size, shape and location of the window is determined individually. In doing so, you can give a few tips:

position the window as much as possible under the canopy, this will prevent rain and snow from getting inside the cabin;

window can be equipped mosquito net, this will save visitors from annoying insects.

it is not advisable to glaze the toilet window, and if you really want to, then it is better to do it for the winter, you can also put a plug made of cardboard or plywood.

In addition to the window in the walls of the toilet cubicle, ventilation openings can be made by covering them with decorative grilles (it is better to place the openings in the lower part of the wall).

Supply and exhaust ventilation. In this case, ventilation of the cesspool will occur.

Supply and exhaust ventilation for a garden - country toilet can be done, either using an electric fan (forced supply and exhaust ventilation), or without it (natural supply and exhaust ventilation).

Natural supply and exhaust ventilation... Here it is necessary to organize the inflow. As a result, the flow of air into the cesspool is carried out through a hole in the floor (or toilet bowl) and drawn into the pipe. An exhaust pipe is also needed through which an unpleasant odor will be drawn from the cesspool. The hood is made from PVC pipes. For this 110 gray plastic pipe, we lead along the back wall of the toilet outside. We put the lower end into a cesspool, raise the upper end 20-30 centimeters above the roof.

An example of installing a pipe from a plastic barrel. From the back of the toilet, in the wall of the barrel, cut a hole for the ventilation pipe, insert a rubber cuff and assemble the pipe, which is attached to the back wall of the toilet with clamps.

There are several ways to increase the draft in the chimney:

Installing the deflector. It is located at the top of the chimney. With a crosswind in the area between the deflector and the pipe, a vacuum is created, which contributes to an increase in thrust.

Using the energy of the sun. We install a chimney, preferably black, as it heats up better from the sun. The edge of the duct is raised above the roof of the country toilet so that the wind blows over it. The sun will heat the pipe, and from physics we know that warm air is lighter than cold air, which will provide upward thrust in the channel, which will help eliminate the unpleasant odor.

Heating the pipe with a light bulb installed in it.

Forced supply and exhaust ventilation. It is provided by installing a duct fan (with a power of 3 - 5 watts) in the exhaust pipe, and a sensor for adjusting the rotation speed is placed inside the toilet stall. Adjust the required traction.

Enjoy your facilities.

A country house on 6-10-20 acres is a place where you can both relax and work, growing some crops (or some animals). Like any building, the dacha needs constant air exchange - this is necessary for the people who are there, and to prevent dampness and mold.

Let's make a reservation right away: below we will talk about simple country houses, and not about "serious" cottages, designed for comfortable year-round living.

The main nuances and rules for arranging ventilation in country houses

Largely country house- This is a building with an attic, basement, wood-burning stove and usually a small area. It can be built either from wood or from bricks or blocks.

Often, on the construction of seasonal buildings, they try to save on everything they can. Therefore, most often these houses do not have "full" heating, ventilation, or insulation. Therefore, in winter, if it is possible to be in them, then perhaps in outerwear and with a heated stove.

Of the basic rules for arranging a ventilation system, the following points can be distinguished:

The system should be done, focusing on the seasons of using the cottage. If it will be closed all winter, you need to think about how it will be ventilated at this time.
It is necessary to do ventilation not only in living rooms... A barn, an attic, a basement, a basement - all this also requires ventilation.
If high humidity is maintained inside any of the rooms (which is common for summer cottages) - at least in this room it is better to make a forced system.
It is necessary to equip both the inflow and the exhaust. If the air will enter through something, but it will not be normal exhaust system- ventilation will not work. And vice versa: if there is an exhaust hood, but air from the street does not come inside, there will be no effect either.

Air exchange method depending on the type of building

The way of air exchange depends largely on the type of building. This could be:

Wooden building. The tree is able to let air in through cracks and leaks, providing an inflow (albeit not always sufficient). Air removal can take place through the chimney.
House made of blocks (metal containers). Such buildings are usually completely sealed and do not have ventilation, so you will definitely have to equip it yourself.
Building from block materials (bricks, blocks from different types concrete) or concrete. Air does not pass through such walls, therefore the ventilation system must be laid during construction. Air removal can be carried out both through the chimney and through a separate ventilation duct.

How to understand if something needs to be done with ventilation?

If you are not building a summer cottage from scratch, but have (or have purchased) a house, you need to decide: is it worth worrying about air exchange, or with ventilation everything is in order.

The easiest way is to ask the previous owner about it. If this is not possible, or he himself does not know (for example, he has not been to the country for a long time), then you can pay attention to the following factors:

Is there mold inside? The most obvious "indicator" that there are problems with air exchange.
Is there dampness inside?
Inside on the windows, on the windowsill, front door- condensation forming?
Is the air in the house stale, musty?

You should pay attention to these points when you arrive at the dacha after some time. Dampness and stale air can be felt within a few days, but mold will grow if the microclimate is disturbed, and you will not appear in the country for several months.

If you notice any of these "symptoms" - there is clearly not everything in order with air exchange.

Calculation: how much air is needed?

Suppose that you are at the dacha only in warm weather. During the hot months, dachas usually have windows and / or doors open, and therefore, an adequate supply of air is ensured. Therefore, to calculate the system, if we are talking about a "summer" house - it is necessary only on the basis of the winter period.

Since summer cottages are usually closed in winter, it is not necessary to create a strong air exchange in the building. It will be enough to provide a multiplicity of 0.35.

L = V xCr, where:

L - air exchange, in m³ / h, which we need to create;
V - the volume of the room;
Kr is the rate of air exchange (for a summer residence we took 0.35 - the norm for a living bedroom).

Please note: ideally, the calculation should be made for each room (room) separately.

Air exchange systems: natural or forced?

One of the main differencesis the principle of creating air exchange - it can benatural or forced. Below we will consider each option and how to arrange it yourself.

Natural

In this case, air will flow in and out of the room due to the pressure difference. Fans are not used in this arrangement. You can read more about it separately.

The scheme is cheap (if you have to buy something, then the cheapest products, and you don't need to spend money on electricity),but ineffective - air exchange largely depends on the weather, and it is difficult to regulate it. Suitable if you have a small house that is used only in the summer.

For inflow in natural ventilation systems, the following can be used:

Supply valves - or.
in the front door (suitable if the area of the house does not exceed 20-40 "squares", otherwise you will have to use a too large ventilation grill).
Windows with micro-ventilation (for summer cottages it is of little relevance, since expensive windows are rarely installed in seasonal houses).
In summer, just open windows or doors (but in winter, when they are closed, you will still have to provide the flow in a different way).

For exhaust - either a stove chimney can be used (that is, nothing else needs to be done if there is already a chimney), or an exhaust air duct. It is installed at a point as far as possible from the inflow point (so that air is drawn through the entire room).

The inflow is placed as low as possible, the hood - as high as possible, under the ceiling. If there are several rooms, the inflow points must necessarily be in each, and be located opposite the door. The chimney can be led out either through the roof, above the ridge, or horizontally through the wall.

Visually about the natural system (video)

Forced

In this case, both the inflow and the exhaust will be carried out using fans. Air exchange in this case is more stable, it can be regulated. Suitable formore spacious homes in which natural ventilation is more difficult.

Otherwise, all the rules are the same as in the natural ventilation scheme - inflow points must be in each room, and installed opposite the door. Exhaust hood - is led out through a pipe either to the roof or through the wall.

There is another option - a duct system is mounted. 1 pipe with 1 fan enters the room, and forks: a section is introduced into each room through which air will flow.

Arrangement of ventilation for non-residential premises

An important nuance: ventilation (or rather, intake fresh air and the removal of the "old") is needed not only for rooms where people will be. They need it and non-residential premises and spaces:

Underground.
Barn.
Attic.
Basement.

The ventilation system in them is needed to prevent moisture and mold.

Since the listed places are usually small in size, and do not need an influx a large number air - most often it is enough to simply make holes in the walls in them. They need to be done opposite each other.

Naturally forced scheme: air is supplied through supply valves in each room and removed through air ducts connected to the same duct with a fan

A more efficient option is when a simple hole is made for the inflow, and the exhaust is drawn up through the pipe (that is, the inflow point is located below the exhaust point).

If the area of these rooms is large, and / or there is natural ventilation in them, and cannot cope, you can organize part of the system forcibly. The options are:

Supply ventilation is organized through the openings. Exhaust - carried out through fans that are installed in the wall.
Supply ventilation is organized through the openings. To remove air, a section of the duct is brought into the room, which is connected to the exhaust duct in the living quarters.
Both inflow and exhaust are carried out through air ducts that are supplied to each room separately.

Arrangement of ventilation for residential premises

Arrangement of ventilation systems for residential premises is a little more complicated than for non-residential ones.

The simplest option is natural: the inflow is organized through the holes in each room, and the air is removed through the stove chimney. This method is more than enough for a small house with an area of 25-30 "squares".

If this is not enough, or if there is no stove in the house, to remove air, you can mount an exhaust pipe that will go to the roof, or through the wall to the street.

If this is not enough, or if you immediately want to get a more serious and effective system- it is better to insert a fan into the exhaust pipe. The inflow - everything is also organized through the holes in each room.

Ventilation systems with forced air supply and removal are rare for summer cottages: areas are too small for their use. Usuallyeven for large houses, forced draft is sufficient.

An example of a ready-made ventilation scheme for a house from SIP panels (video)

What to do in winter?

P It is possible to wind the summer cottage in the summer without any problems. Another thing is to make an air exchange system when it's cold outside.

Often they annoy the owners of their own plots outside the city. The reason for such an unpleasant situation is non-observance of the elementary rules for installing the sewage system and treatment facilities... One of the important elements of communal systems is the ventilation of country toilets. The work of building a latrine begins with planning. But even with the existing problems, they can be eliminated in functioning systems. Understanding schematic diagram ventilation will help you choose the best way to solve this problem in a particular case.

Why do you need

When constructing a toilet on the site, one should not neglect the recommendations of specialists. The volume of work on the ventilation of the toilet in the country is not so significant as to save on their implementation. The result will be a full-fledged outdoor recreation, where the hosts and guests will enjoy the fresh air. Air exchange during the installation of treatment facilities is needed to solve the following tasks:

Getting rid of an unpleasant odor;
Reducing the concentration of harmful substances in the sump;
Air exchange is necessary for the bacteria to work, destroying the effluent.

Correctly assembled ventilation in a country toilet allows you to extend its service life, since rotting processes are blocked and the risks of mold, for which moisture and heat are favorable living conditions, are blocked. In the absence of fresh air, this is exactly the situation. In the process of decomposition of organic substances, heat is released, the timely removal of which optimizes the work of beneficial bacteria, preventing harmful microorganisms from multiplying

Natural ventilation is the best choice for a country toilet

For a suburban area, especially if it is not used regularly, there is no need to install complex and expensive devices. It is enough to comply with the necessary measures for the installation of important structural elements. A toilet window won't solve the problem. It is necessary to create an inflow of fresh air and an exhaust directly from the waste collection point. The ventilation for outdoor toilets assembled in this way will radically change the processes taking place there. The natural thrust generated is sufficient for the normal operation of the system.

It is advisable to equip the closet with forced draft devices when, for example, it is decided to take the outlet duct at a certain distance from the toilet, or the pipeline section is in a horizontal position. Such route schemes do not differ in functionality in the natural regime of inflow and exhaust. Often, an outdoor toilet duplicates the main bathroom in the house. They do not use it so often, therefore the issue of cleaning and maintenance is not so relevant, in comparison with the sewage system, where the main flow of waste goes. An outdoor toilet is very convenient in the summer, and with due attention during construction, it will not become a source of unpleasant odors, but a comfortable addition to a summer cottage.

How to do it yourself

Good natural draft occurs when the duct is vertical and the pipe length exceeds 2.5 meters. If the lower end of the ventilation pipe is below ground level, and the upper end is above the roof, then the system will cope with the task. The diameter of the duct is also important. It is not recommended to make it less than 100 mm. To ensure good performance, it is necessary to make two ventilation connections. One for the exhaust, the other for the inflow, and the lower end of the pipe of the first must be higher than the second. The principle of convection is used. The heated air from the cesspool rises up, where it is captured by the exhaust receiver. To replace it, the supply pipe sucks in the required amount of atmospheric masses.

Install an air duct both inside the toilet itself and outside. For independent work the best option would be to use a plastic kit. When arranging ventilation in a country toilet, you will need an elementary set of tools:

Roulette, ruler;
Saw of any type (jigsaw, circular, hand saw);
Screwdriver for fixing fasteners;
Drill if additional holes need to be drilled.

It is not necessary to have skills in working with pipes. Detailed instructions a manufacturer or watching a video on this topic will suffice. When assembling, it is important to control the presence of seals, gaskets at all joints of the structure. To prevent moisture from entering the air duct, debris and leaves, ventilation in the toilet in the country is equipped with a protective umbrella at the upper end of the pipe.

Having made a project and purchasing the materials necessary for work, you should strictly follow the assembly technologies and instructions for specific parts and elements. Particular attention is paid to the sealing of the joints. The modern generation of building materials is distinguished by a high level of standardization. The parts are standard and fit together exactly. O-rings, gaskets make joints reliable and durable. When assembling, it is necessary to check the complete set of the entire device, and when assembling, do not ignore the advice offered by the manufacturers.

A toilet in the country will meet expectations if the master follows the technology. Often, to guarantee tightness, both professionals and amateurs use sealants. Silicone-based formulations are popular today. The elastic structure and good adhesion allow maintaining the integrity of the joints even with vibrations and arising physical stress. Sealant joints fully justify the small investment in their purchase.

Another important factor in the successful fight against odor is the arrangement of the latrine itself. If there is no supply air duct, you can leave the opening open. When the toilet in the country is equipped with a full-fledged ventilation system for air exchange, it is better to make a cover. The most the best deliverance from the problem of unpleasant odor will be the installation of a conventional toilet. Conducting water today does not look like a daunting task. As a result, the toilet acquires completely new qualities. The toilet has a water blockage device. The stock moves along a sinusoidal curve. Clean water in this place is the most effective way to protect air purity. In this case, it is possible to completely seal the inner volume of the toilet from the sump.

When building a latrine adjacent to the main structure, you can use another piece of advice from experienced craftsmen. You can fix the chimney along the wall of the house by extending it to the roof of the main building. The length of the route will increase significantly. This method is borrowed from the practice of stove-makers. The higher the pipe, the stronger the thrust. It may be necessary to install control valves with this scheme, since high performance can cause a noticeable draft in the toilet.

You can improve traction with a deflector. Inexpensive device, easily installed on the upper end of the outlet pipe. A special design creates vortex flows that are converted into a directed movement of air masses. According to various estimates, the extraction efficiency can increase by 10-20%. The device does not require an electrical connection, it works autonomously, using exclusively aerodynamic laws and regulations.

In the minds of many, a country toilet is a booth, which is located somewhere in the garden, there is an unpleasant smell, and you don't really want to go there. But now this is far from the case, many equip them quite comfortably, but for some reason the smell remains, what to do with it? Ventilation of the country toilet will help to cope with this problem.

Let's move on to a more detailed consideration of the issue.

Toilet on the street, what and why

In order to understand the ventilation in the country toilet, you must first find out how it works. In most cases, its design is as follows:

The booth that we can observe
A cesspool located underground.

The main reason for the unpleasant odor in the booth is the cesspool. This is due to the accumulation of waste in it, which, as a result of their accumulation, generate gas (methane), and it, in turn, rises upward. If you do not make ventilation in outdoor toilet, then you can bring everything to the point that a person who will enter the booth in need may become ill. In addition, after a long exposure to methane on the material from which the structure is made, the toilet begins to collapse. This moment can lead to the fact that at one point the user of the toilet can fall into the cesspool, which will be fatal if not quickly rescued.

To avoid this, experts advise taking into account the ventilation system at the design stage. It will allow methane to be discharged outside on time, thereby preventing it from affecting the structure and getting out of the pit into the booth.

Types of country toilets

Classic version

They can be divided into two main types:

The booth is located above cesspool
A cesspool near the booth.

Most often, you can find the first option. It is easier to make, and you do not need to think about how the waste will end up in the pit. But this method is good to use if you rarely use such a toilet.

If it acts as the main one, then it is better to do it as suggested in the second option. But in this case, you will have to run the water supply to the booth, or make a drainage system convenient for you.

Ventilation system

You are already familiar with how the country toilet is arranged, let's move on to arranging the hood. There are two main options used in the world today:

Natural
Forced ventilation.

The first is based on natural air movement. And the second one needs additional equipment in the form of a fan. Both of these systems are united by two identical points:

The need for supply and exhaust ducts
Installation of a cesspool hood.

Pit hood

Let us consider in more detail the ventilation methods.

Forced system

To date, this ventilation option is considered the most effective. It copes much faster with the removal of exhaust air in any room. But there is a price to pay for speed and convenience. The price will rise due to the purchase of a fan and all additional materials required for its installation (wires, switches, etc.).

Advantages and disadvantages:

Quick withdrawal of accumulations in the air
Works efficiently regardless of weather conditions
Harder to install than a natural ventilation system
Doesn't work without electricity
Relatively high price
Requires periodic replacement of parts.

Despite the disadvantages, if you want your booth to be perfect fresh air, then we advise you to opt for this option.

Fan

Natural system

This option is suitable for those people who do not bother too much about an unpleasant smell. He, of course, is not as effective as the previous method, but still copes with his duties. The accumulated gas will be removed from the booth, normalizing its amount. For work natural ventilation no additional equipment is required, which makes this method very cheap.

Pros and cons:

Cheapness
Ease of installation
Low efficiency
Dependence on weather conditions.

You can't do this

Installation

Let's start with one of the general and necessary moments like a hood in a cesspool. It is necessary to remove the accumulated gas into the atmosphere, and not into the toilet stall. In order to make it, you will need:

Shovel
The pipe, its length depends on the height of the booth and the thickness of the soil under which the cesspool is located, the diameter should be about 110 mm
Perforator or drill, it all depends on what material the booth design is made of
Bonded material, in order to avoid damage to the pipe at the point of passage through the ground
Downpipes
Deflector to improve system performance.

How to install

Installation of a cesspool hood is quite simple. Let's consider everything in stages:

Need to dig a hole required diameter to the cesspool
Fasten the gutters along back wall booths
Install a chimney
Attach the deflector.

Important! The fan must not be installed in a pipe. This can lead to unpleasant consequences.

Toilet scheme

Installation of natural ventilation

We have already figured out how to make a hood in a cesspool, it remains to do the same in a booth. To do this, you will need:

Puncher
Protective ventilation grill.

The principle is this - it is necessary to make two holes, an exhaust hole near the ceiling, and a window for lighting can also play its role, and a supply one, it is located in the lower part of the booth. It is important that they are on opposite sides.

After this is done, you should secure the protective grilles at the entrance and exit, in order to prevent the ingress of animals and debris into the room.

Installation of forced ventilation

Exhaust fan

As mentioned earlier, this the best way make good air circulation. In order to carry out the installation, you will need:

Screwdriver and pliers
Rotary hammer or drill
Fan
Rain Sheathed Cable
Switch
Protective grill.

Since the fan is the main power plant, let's dwell on this point. Standard outdoor toilet cubicles have an area close to 2 square meters. To provide such a room with a good hood, a 30 W device will be enough.

Let's go directly to the installation. First, you need to connect the power supply, for this we will use the previously purchased cable. We also make holes for the supply channel and exhaust, the principle is the same as in natural ventilation. We attach the fan to the exhaust hole, connect it to the power supply. It remains only to install protective grilles on the inlet and outlet channels.

Ventilation grill

Now you are fully familiar with the process of installing ventilation in a country toilet. It is recommended to take this point into account when designing a building. Fresh air for you.

Do-it-yourself ventilation in the country bathroom

A street closet located on summer cottage, in the overwhelming majority of cases, it is a compact building, built of bricks or wood. The structure, located above the cesspool, is the only potential source of stench among the fresh natural scents. It is impossible to hermetically cover the pit, so you need to take care of a constant flow of air. You can make ventilation in the country toilet with your own hands both during construction and later.

Types of ventilation systems and their principle of operation

The organization of air exchange depends on the selected type ventilation system, each of which has its own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages. In this regard, ventilation in the toilet in the country can be natural or forced.

Natural air circulation is carried out as a result of natural processes. Such ventilation is characterized by:

minimal financial costs;
ease of installation;
full dependence on weather factors (wind, the difference between internal and external pressure).

Toilet type

Forced ventilation is a method of artificial ventilation, which includes the use of special electrical equipment (fans, air conditioners, etc.).

Distinctive nuances of the system:

fast reversal of air masses;
does not depend on external factors;
relatively high cost;
the need for maintenance.

The intensity of ventilation is influenced by the direction and strength of the wind.

Air exchange system functioning diagram

How to install a ventilation system correctly

It is possible to make effective ventilation of a country toilet with a cesspool with your own hands only with an integrated approach. Stable air circulation is essential not only for the toilet stall, but also for the cesspool.

Installation of a natural ventilation system

The main element in the implementation of natural ventilation is most often a window provided in a door or wall. In order to prevent the ingress of precipitation, it is recommended to locate it at the highest possible level. It is not necessary to glaze the window; it is better to simply equip the opening with a mosquito net. She will protect from mosquitoes, and will not interfere with the ventilation of the internal space.

To increase the intensity of air exchange, you can use the holes, which are best located in the lower part. It is important that the window is on the opposite side of the bottom holes.

Air access to the cesspool is provided by a vertical pipe. The main condition for installation is that its lower part is located above the maximum filling level of the container. The pipe must be at least 7 cm higher than the closet, and its circumference must be greater than 10 cm.

PVC pipe- ideally suitable option for this task. It is easy to install and allows you to quickly install a deflector on the outer end to prevent water from freezing.

The pipe is attached to the back of the building

Step-by-step instruction:

Calculations are made to determine the required pipe length.
They dig a passage to the cesspool with a shovel.
The pipe inserted into the dug hole is fixed to the wall of the building.
The place of entry is covered with sand and compacted.

Installation of a forced ventilation system

A fan is used to extract air from the toilet room. If the area of the booth is about 2 square meters, a power plant with a power of 30 watts is quite suitable. The fan attached to the top must be supplied with power. To do this, you need to perform work on the supply of the electric cable in advance.

Fan for forced air exchange

Due to the fact that the cesspool does not have a sufficient volume of air, it is not recommended to apply artificial ventilation to it. During the operation of the power plant, a rarefied atmosphere will form. And it can be restored only with the air from the booth.

Having decided to do the ventilation of the country toilet with your own hands, it is very important to carry out everything construction works in strict accordance with technology and standards. In case of the slightest lack of confidence in your abilities, it is strongly recommended to seek help from specialists.

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